Photocatalytic activities of multilayered ZnO-based thin films prepared by sol-gel route: Effect of SnO2 heterojunction layer

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology

Volumn 65, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 178-188

  Talebian, Nasrin ^a   Nilforoushan, Mohmmad Reza ^b   Memarnezhad, Parisa ^a  

^a ISLAMIC AZAD UNIVERSITY   (Iran)

^b SHAHREKORD UNIVERSITY   (Iran)

Author keywords

Characterization; Crystallites; Semiconducting materials; Zinc oxide

Indexed keywords

ELECTRON-HOLE RECOMBINATION; OPERATIONAL PARAMETERS; PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITIES; PHOTOCATALYTIC PROPERTY; PHOTODEGRADATION KINETICS; SEMICONDUCTING MATERIALS; STRUCTURAL AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES; STRUCTURAL INHOMOGENEITIES;

CHARACTERIZATION; CRYSTALLITES; DEGRADATION; HETEROJUNCTIONS; HOLE CONCENTRATION; PHENOLS; PHOTOCATALYSIS; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; SOL-GEL PROCESS; SUBSTRATES; THIN FILMS;

ZINC OXIDE;

EID: 84879693863     PISSN: 09280707     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10971-012-2922-4     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Lathasree S, Rao AN, SivaSankar B, Sadasivam V, Rengaraj K (2004) Heterogeneous photocatalytic mineralisation of phenols in aqueous solutions. J Mol Catal A: Chem 223:101-104
2. Buikema AL Jr, McGinniss MJ, Caims J Jr (1979) Phenolics in aquatic ecosystems: a selected review of recent literature. Mar Environ Res 2:87-181
3. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists Standards (ACGIH) Manual (2005) and United States Environmental Protection Agency, EPA, 816-F-01-007, 2006
4. Busca G, Berardinelli S, Resini C, Arrighi L (2008) Technologies for the removal of phenol from fluid streams: a short review of recent developments. J Hazard Mater 160:265-288
5. Huang A et al (1999) Photocatalytic degradation of triethylamine on titanium oxide thin films. J Catal 188:40-45
6. San N, Hatipoglu A, Kocturk G, Cinar Z (2002) Photocatalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol in aqueous TiO2 suspensions: theoretical prediction of the intermediates. J Photochem Photobiol A chem 146:189-197
7. Dieckmann MS, Gray KA (1996) A comparison of the degradation of 4-nitrophenol via direct and sensitized photocatalysis in TiO2 slurries. Water Res 30:1169-1183
8. Chen D, Ray AK (1998) Photodegradation kinetics of 4-nitrophenol in TiO2 suspension. Water Res 32:3223-3228
9. Park Y, Skelland AHP, Forney LJ, Kim JH (2006) Removal of phenol and substituted phenols by newly developed emulsion liquid membrane process. Water Res 40:1763-1772
10. Maurino V, Minero C, Pelizzetti E, Piccinini P, Serpone N, Hidaka H (1997) The fate of organic nitrogen under photocatalytic conditions: degradation of nitrophenols and aminophenols on irradiated TiO2. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 109:171-179
11. Khan SA, Hamayun M, Ahmed S (2006) Degradation of 4-aminophenol by newly isolated Pseudomonas sp. strain ST-4. Enzyme Microb Technol 38:10-19
12. He Z, Song S, Ying H, Xu L, Chen J (2007) p-Aminophenol degradation by ozonation combined with sonolysis: operating conditions influence and mechanism. Ultrason Sonochem 14:568-574
13. Karunakaran C, Dhanalakshmi R (2008) Semiconductor-catalyzed degradation of phenols with sunlight. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 92:1315-1321
14. Gouvea K, Wypych F, Moraes SG, Duran N, Nagata N, Peralta-Zamora P (2000) Semiconductor-assisted photocatalytic degradation of reactive dyes in aqueous solution. Chemosphere 40:433-441
15. Dindar S, Icli J (2001) Unusual photoreactivity of zinc oxide irradiated by concentrated sunlight. J Photochem Photobiol A chem 140:263-276
16. Sakthivel S, Neppolian B, Shankar MV, Arabindoo B, Palanichamy M, Murugesan V (2003) Solar photocatalytic degradation of azo dye: comparison of photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO and TiO2. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 77:65-82
17. Khodja AA, Sehili T, Pilichowski JF, Boule P (2001) Photocatalytic degradation of 2-Phenyphenol on TiO2 and ZnO in aqueous suspensions. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 141:231-239
18. Lizama C, Freer J, Baeza J, Mansilla HD (2002) Optimized photodegradation of reactive blue 19 on TiO2 and ZnO suspensions. Catal Today 76:235-249
19. Wang J et al (2009) Sonocatalytic degradation of some dyestuffs and comparison of catalytic activities of nano-sized TiO2, nano-sized ZnO and composite TiO2/ZnO powders under ultrasonic irradiation. Ultrason Sonochem 16:225-231
20. Chakrabarti S, Chaudhuri B, Bhattacharjee S, Das P, Dutta BK (2008) Degradation mechanism and kinetic model for photocatalytic oxidation of PVC-ZnO composite film in presence of a sensitizing dye and UV radiation. J Hazard Mater 154:230-236
21. Pal B, Sharon M (2002) Enhanced photocatalytic activity of highly porous ZnO thin films prepared by sol-gel process. Mater Chem Phys 76:82-87
22. Wang Y, Li X, Wang N, Quan X, Chen Y (2008) Controllable synthesis of ZnO nanoflowers and their morphology-dependent photocatalytic activities. Sep Purif Technol 62:729-734
23. Suárez-Parra R, Hernández-Pérez I, Rincón ME, López-Ayala S, Roldán-Ahumad MC (2003) Visible light-induced degradation of blue textile azo dye on TiO2/CdO-ZnO coupled nanoporous films. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 76:189-199
24. Park DJ, Lee JY, Park TE, Kim YY, Cho HK (2007) Improved microstructural properties of a ZnO thin film using a buffer layer in situ annealed in argon ambient. Thin Solid Films 515:6721-6726
25. Koike K, Komuro T, Ogata K, Sasa S, Inoue M, Yano M (2004) CaF2 growth as a buffer layer of ZnO/Si heteroepitaxy. Phys E 21:679-683
26. Fujita M, Sasajima M, Deesirapipat Y, Horikoshi Y (2005) Molecular beam epitaxial growth of hexagonal ZnMgO films on Si(111) substrates using thin MgO buffer layer. J Cryst Growth 278:293-298
27. Zhang Y, Zheng H, Su J, Lin B, Fu Z (2007) Effects of SiC buffer layer on the optical properties of ZnO films grown on Si (111) substrates. J Lumin 124:252-256
28. Li F et al (2006) Effect of the initial thin Ti buffer layers on the quality of ZnO thin films grown on Si(111) substrates by MOCVD. Superlatt Microstruct 40:56-63
29. Xu L, Shi L, Li X (2008) Effect of TiO2 buffer layer on the structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films deposited by E-beam evaporation and sol-gel method. Appl Surf Sci 255:3230-3234
30. Choi WS, Kim EJ, Seong S, Kim YS, Park C, Hahn SH (2009) Optical and structural properties of ZnO/TiO2/ZnO multi-layers prepared via electron beam evaporation. Vacuum 83:878-882
31. Vinodkumar R et al (2010) Effect of ITO buffer layers on the structural, optical and electrical properties of ZnO multilayer thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition technique. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 94:68-76
32. Summi R, Marley JA, Boncelli NF (1984) The ultraviolet absorption edge of stannic oxide (SnO2). J Phys Chem Solids 25:1465-1469
33. Cheng C et al (2009) Hierarchical assembly of ZnO nanostructures on SnO2 backbone nanowires: low temperature hydrothermal preparation and optical properties. J ACS Nano 3:3069-3076
34. Wang WW, Zhu YJ, Yang LX (2007) ZnO-SnO2 hollow spheres and hierarchical nanosheets: hydrothermal preparation, formation mechanism, and photocatalytic properties. Adv Funct Mater 17:59-64
35. Agnihotri OP, Mohammad MT, Abass AK, Arshak KI (1983) Electrical and optical properties of chemically deposited conducting glass for SIS solar cells. Solid State Commun 47:195-203
36. Hong R, Shao J, He H, Fan Z (2006) Enhancement of near band edge photoluminescence of ZnO thin films in sandwich configuration at room temperature. J Appl Phys 99:093520-093523
37. Herrero J, Guillen C (2004) Improved ITO thin films for photovoltaic applications with a thin ZnO layer by sputtering. Thin Solid Films 451:630-633
38. Wang XT, Zhong SH, Xiao XF (2005) Photo-catalysis of ethane and carbon dioxide to produce hydrocarbon oxygenates over ZnO-TiO2/SiO2 catalyst. J Mol Catal A: Chem 229:87-93
39. Shouqiang W, Zhongcai S, Xudong L, Ying L, Linlin C, Yan H (2009) Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange over ITO/CdS/ZnO interface composite films. J Environ Sci 21:991-996
40. Lee DN (2003) Elastic properties of thin films of cubic system. Thin Solid Films 434:183-189
41. Li F, Ding Y, Gao P, Xin X, Wang Z (2004) Single-crystal hexagonal disks and rings of zno: low-temperature, large-scale synthesis and growth mechanism. Angew Chem Int Ed 43:5238-5246
42. Cho S, Jung SH, Lee KH (2008) Morphology-controlled growth of ZnO nanostructures using microwave irradiation: from basic to complex structures. J Phys Chem C 112:12769-12776
43. Vayssieres L, Keis K, Hagfeldt A, Lindquist SE (2001) Three-dimensional array of highly oriented crystalline ZnO microtubes. Chem Mater 13:4395-4398
44. Ghosh R, Basak D, Fujihara S (2004) Effect of substrate-induced strain on the structural, electrical, and optical properties of polycrystalline ZnO thin films. J Appl Phys 96:2689-2697
45. Selected Powder Diffraction Data for Metals and Alloys (1978) vol 1. JCPDS, USA, pp 108
46. Zhang Y, Lin B, Fu Z, Liu C, Han W (2006) Strong ultraviolet emission and rectifying behavior of nanocrystalline ZnO films. Opt Mater 28:1192-1196
47. Bao D, Gu H, Kuang A (1998) Sol-gel-derived c-axis oriented ZnO thin films. Thin Solid Films 312:37-39
48. Fernandez T, Jose G, Mathew S, Rejikumar PR, Unnikrishnan NV (2007) An ultra- low hydrolysis sol-gel route for titanosilicate xerogels and their characterization. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 41:163-168
49. Tan ST et al (2005) Blue shift of optical band gap in ZnO thin films grown by metal-organic chemical vapour deposition. J Appl Phys 98:013505-013509
50. Qadri SB, Yang JP, Skelton EF, Ratna BR (1997) Evidence of strain and lattice distortion in lead sulphide nanocrystallites. Appl Phys Lett 70:1020-1021
51. Cullity BD (1978) Elements of X-ray diffractions. Addison-Wesley, Reading, p 102
52. Williamson GK, Hall H (1953) X-ray line broadening from filed aluminiumand wolfram. Acta Metall 1:22-31
53. Sakthivel S, Geissen U, Bahnemann DW (2002) Enhancement of photocatalytic activity by semiconductor heterojunctions: α-Fe2O3, WO3 and CdS deposited on ZnO. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 148:283-293
54. Frank G, Kauer E, Kostlin H (1981) Transparent heat-reflecting coatings based on highlydoped semieonduetors. Thin Solid Films 77:107-118
55. Paras N (2004) Nanophotonics. Wiley Interscience, New Jersey, p 34
56. Efros AL (1982) Interband absorption of light in a semiconductor sphere. Sov Phys Semicond 16:772-775
57. Pankove JI (1971) Optical processes in semiconductors, chapter 2. Dover Publication, New York, p 22
58. Zhou WD, Wu X, Zhang YC (2007) Solvothermal synthesis of hexagonal ZnO nanorods and their photoluminescence properties. Mater Lett 61:2054-2059
59. Kar S, Dev A, Chaudhuri S (2006) simple solvothermal route to synthesize zno nanosheets, nanonails, and well-aligned nanorod arrays. J Phys Chem B 110:17848-17857
60. Zhang YC, Wu X, Hu XY (2005) Low-temperature synthesis of nanocrystalline ZnO by thermal decomposition of a "green" single-source inorganic precursor in air. J Cryst Growth 280:250-254
61. Pal U, Santiago P (2005) Controlling the morphology of ZnO nanostructures in a low-temperature hydrothermal process. J Phys Chem B 109:15317-15321
62. Kar S, Pal BN, Chaudhuri S, Chakravorty D (2006) One-dimensional ZnO nanostructure arrays:# synthesis and characterization. J Phys Chem B 110:4605-4611
63. Mahamuni S, Borgohain K, Bendre BS, Leppert VJ, Risbud SH (1999) Spectroscopic characterization of electrochemically grown ZnO quantum dots. J Appl Phys 85:2861-2868
64. Sagar P, Shishodia PK, Mehra RM, Okada H, Wakahara A, Yoshida A (2007) Photoluminescence and absorption in sol-gel-derived ZnO films. J Lumin 126:800-806
65. Sun X, Qiu X, Li L, Li G (2008) ZnO twin-cones: synthesis, photoluminescence, and catalytic decomposition of ammonium perchlorate. Inorg Chem 47:4146-4152
66. Zheng Y et al (2007) Ag/ZnO heterostructure nanocrystals: synthesis, characterization and photocatalysis. Inorg Chem 46:6675-6682
67. Vanheusden K, Warren WL, Seager CH, Tallant DR, Voigt JA, Gnade BE (1996) Mechanisms behind green photoluminescence in ZnO phosphor powders. J Appl Phys 79:7983-7990
68. Jing LQ et al (2006) Review of photoluminescence performance of nano-sized semiconductor materials and its relationships with photocatalytic activity. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 90:1773-1787
69. Xu Y, Schoonen MAA (2000) The absolute energy positions of conduction and valence bands of selected semiconducting minerals. Am Miner 85:543-556
70. Li GR et al (2008) Morphology - function relationship of ZnO: polar planes, oxygen vacancies, and activity. J Phys Chem C 112:11859-11864
71. Zhang J, Sasaki K, Sutter E, Adzic RR (2007) Stabilization of platinum oxygen-reduction electrocatalysts using gold clusters. Science 315:220-227
72. Paz Y, Luo Z, Rabenberg L, Heller A (1995) Photooxidative self-cleaning transparent titanium dioxide films on glass. J Mater Res 10:842-2848
73. Yu J, Zhao X (2000) Effect of substrates on the photocatalytic activity of nanometer TiO2 thin films. Mater Res Bull 35:1293-1301
74. Ahmed S, Rasul MG, Wayde N, Martens R, Brown MA, Hashib S (2010) Heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of phenols in wastewater: a review on current status and developments. Desalination 261: 3-18 and the references cited in there
75. Brezova V, Ceppan M, Brandsteterova E, Breza M, Lapcik L (1991) Photocatalytic hydroxylation of benzoic acid in aqueous titanium dioxide suspension. J Photochem Photobiol A 59:385-391
76. Eberhardt MK, Yoshida M (1973) Radiation-induced homolytic aromatic substitution. I. Hydroxylation of nitrobenzene, chlorobenzene, and toluene. J Phys Chem 77:589-597