The bankers' new clothes: What's wrong with banking and what to do about it

The Bankers' New Clothes: What's Wrong with Banking and What to Do about It

Volumn , Issue , 2013, Pages

  Admati, Anat ^a   Hellwig, Martin ^b  

^a STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH ON COLLECTIVE GOODS   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84878905916     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (454)

1. Academic Advisory Committee. 2010. "Reform der Bankenregulierung und Bankenaufsicht nach der Finanzkrise" (Reforming Banking Regulation and Banking Supervision after the Financial Crisis). Report to the German Federal Ministry for Economics and Technology, Berlin. May. http://www.bmwi.de/DE/Mediathek/publikationen,did= 344680.html.
2. Acemoglu, Daron, and James Robinson. 2012. Why Nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty. New York: Crown Publishers.
3. Acharya, Viral, and Matthew Richardson. 2009. Restoring Financial Stability. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
4. Acharya, Viral V., and Sascha Steffen. 2012. "The 'Greatest' Carry Trade Ever? Understanding Eurozone Bank Risks." Working paper. Stern School of Business, New York University, New York, and European School of Management and Technology, Berlin.
5. Acharya, Viral V., and Tanju Yorulmazer. 2008. "Information Contagion and Bank Herding." Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking 40: 231-.
6. Acharya, Viral V., Demos Gromb, and Tanju Yorulmazer. 2007. "Too Many to Fail-An Analysis of Time-Inconsistency in Bank Closure Policies." Journal of Financial Intermediation 16 (1): 1-31.
7. Acharya, Viral V., Thomas F. Cooley, Matthew P. Richardson, and Ingo Walter, eds. 2010. Regulating Wall Street: The Dodd-Frank Act and the New Architecture of Global Finance. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
8. Acharya, Viral V., Matthew Richardson, Stijn van Nieuwerburgh, and Lawrence J. White. 2011a. Guaranteed to Fail: Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and the Debacle of Mortgage Finance. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
9. Acharya, Viral V., Irvind Gujral, Nirupama Kulkarni, and Hyun Song Shin. 2011b. "Dividends and Bank Capital in the Financial Crisis of 2007-2009." NBER Working Paper 16896. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.
10. Acharya, Viral V., Philipp Schnabl, and Gustavo Suarez. "Securitization without Risk Transfer." Journal of Financial Economics, forthcoming.
11. Acheson, Greame G., Charles R. Hickson, and John D. Turner. 2010. "Does Limited Liability Matter? Evidence from Nineteenth-Century British Banking." Review of Law and Economics 6 (2): 247-273.
12. Ackermann, Josef. 2010. "The New Architecture of Financial Regulation: Will It Prevent Another Crisis?" LSE Special Discussion Paper 194. London School of Economics, London.
13. Adams, Renee. 2011. "Who Directs the Fed?" Working paper. Business School, University of Queensland, Australia.
14. Admati, Anat. 2010. "Comments on Proposal to Ensure the Loss Absorbency of Regulatory Capital at the Point of Non-viability: Consultative Document of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, August 2010." Stanford Graduate School of Business, Stanford, CA. October 1. http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/research/documents/ AdmaticommentsforBaselCommitteeOct12010.pdf. Accessed October 23, 2012.
15. Admati, Anat R., and Martin F. Hellwig. 2011a. "Comments to the UK Independent Commission on Banking." July 4. http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/research/ documents/ICB_Admati_Hellwig.pdf. Accessed October 23, 2012.
16. Admati, Anat R., and Martin F. Hellwig. 2011b. "Good Banking Regulation Needs Clear Focus, Sensible Tools, and Political Will." Working paper. Stanford Graduate School of Business, Stanford, CA, and International Center for Financial Regulation, London.
17. Admati, Anat R., Peter M. DeMarzo, Martin F. Hellwig, and Paul Pfleiderer. 2011. "Fallacies, Irrelevant Facts, and Myths in the Discussion of Capital Regulation: Why Bank Equity Is Not Expensive." Working Paper 86. Rock Center for Corporate Governance at Stanford University, and Research Paper 2065. Stanford Graduate School of Business, Stanford, CA; Preprint 2010/42, Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn, Germany.
18. Admati, Anat R., Peter M. DeMarzo, Martin F. Hellwig, and Paul Pfleiderer. 2012a. "Debt Overhang and Capital Regulation." Working paper, Rock Center for Corporate Governance at Stanford University; and research paper, Stanford Graduate School of Business, Stanford, CA; Preprint 2012/05, Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn, Germany.
19. Admati, Anat R., Peter M. DeMarzo, Martin F. Hellwig, and Paul Pfleiderer. 2012b. "Comments to the Federal Reserve on Sections 165 and 166 of the Dodd- Frank Act." Submitted to the Federal Reserve, April 30. http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/ sites/default/files/research/documents/Capital%20Regulation%20Summary.pdf. Accessed October 23, 2012.
20. Admati, Anat, Peter Conti-Brown, and Paul Pfleiderer. 2012c. "Liability Holding Companies." UCLA Law Review 852: 913-.
21. Agarwal, Sumit, Gene Amromin, Itzhak Ben-David, Souphala Chomsisengphet, and Douglas Evanoff. 2011. "The Role of Securitization in Mortgage Renegotiation." Journal of Financial Economics 102 (3): 559-578.
22. Ahamed, Liaquat. 2009. Lords of Finance. New York: Penguin.
23. Aiyar, Shekhar, Charles W. Calomiris, and Tomasz Wieladek. 2012. "Does Macro-Pru Leak? Evidence from a UK Policy Experiment." NBER Working Paper 17822. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.
24. Akerlof, George A. 1970. "The Market for "Lemons": Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism." Quarterly Journal of Economics 84 (3): 488-500.
25. Akerlof, George A., and Paul M. Romer. 1993. "Looting: The Economic Underworld of Bankruptcy for Profit." Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 1993 (2): 1-73.
26. Alesina, Alberto, and Lawrence J. Summers. 1993. "Central Bank Independence and Macroeconomic Performance: Some Comparative Evidence." Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking 25 (2): 151-162.
27. Alessandri, Piergiorgio, and Andrew G. Haldane. 2009. "Banking on the State." Paper presented at the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago's 12ThAnnual International Banking Conference, September 25.
28. Allen, William, Reinier Kraakman, and Guhan Subramanian. 2009. Commentaries and Cases on the Law of Business Organization, 3rd ed. Richland Hills, TX: Aspen.
29. Allison, Herbert M. 2011. The Megabanks Mess. Kindle Single. Seattle: Amazon Digital Services.
30. Anderson, Ronald W., and Karin Jöeveer. 2012. "Bankers and Bank Investors: Reconsidering the Economies of Scale in Banking." Financial Markets Group Discussion Paper 712. London School of Economics.
31. Ang, Andrew, Sergey Gorovyy, and Gregory B. van Inwegen. 2011. "Hedge Fund Leverage." NBER Working Paper 16801. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.
32. Angelini, Paolo, Laurent Clerc, Vasco Cúrdia, Leonardo Gambacorta, Andrea Gerali, Alberto Locarno, Roberto Motto, Werner Roeger, Skander Van den Heuvel, and Jan Vlč ek. 2011. "Basel III: Long-Term Impact on Economic Performance and Fluctuation." StaffReport 485. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, New York.
33. Aron, Janine, and John Muellbauer. 2010. "The Second UK Mortgage Crisis: Modelling and Forecasting Mortgage Arrears and Possessions." Oxford Housing Seminar. Nuffield College, Oxford University, Oxford, England. February 26.
34. ASC (Advisory Scientific Committee of the European Systemic Risk Board). 2012. "Forbearance, Resolution, and Deposit Insurance." Report 1. Frankfurt, Germany. July.
35. Bagehot, Walter. [1873] 1906. Lombard Street: A Description of the Money Market. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons.
36. Bair, Sheila. 2012. Bull by the Horns: Fighting to Save Main Street from Wall Street and Wall Street from Itself. New York: Free Press.
37. Baker, H. Kent. 2009. "Cross-Country Determinants of Payout Policy: European Firms." In Dividends and Dividend Policy. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons.
38. Baltensperger, E., and Jean Dermine. 1987. "Banking Deregulation in Europe." Economic Policy 2 (4): 63-109.
39. Barofsky, Neil. 2012. Bailout: An Inside Account of How Washington Abandoned Main Street while Rescuing Wall Street. New York: Free Press.
40. Barth, James R., and Martin A. Regalia. 1988. "The Evolving Role of Regulation in the Savings and Loan Industry." In The Financial Services Revolution: Policy Directions for the Future, ed. Catherine England and Thomas Huertas. Boston: Kluwer. 113-161.
41. Barth, James R., Gerard Caprio Jr., and Ross Levine. 2012. Guardians of Finance: Making Regulators Work for Us. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
42. Barth, Mary E., and Wayne R. Landsman. 2010. "How Did Financial Reporting Contribute to the Financial Crisis?" European Accounting Review 19 (3): 1-25.
43. BCBS (Basel Committee on Banking Supervision). 2004. "International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards: A Revised Framework." Discussion Paper 107. Bank for International Settlements, Basel. June.
44. BCBS (Basel Committee on Banking Supervision). 2010a. "An Assessment of the Long-Term Economic Impact of Stronger Capital and Liquidity Requirements." Discussion Paper 173. Bank for International Settlements, Basel. August.
45. BCBS (Basel Committee on Banking Supervision). 2010b. "Proposal to Ensure the Loss Absorbency of Regulatory Capital at the Point of Non-viability-Consultative Document." Discussion Paper 174. Bank for International Settlements, Basel.
46. BCBS (Basel Committee on Banking Supervision). 2010c. "The Basel Committee's Response to the Financial Crisis: Report to the G20." Discussion Paper 179. Bank for International Settlements, Basel.
47. BCBS (Basel Committee on Banking Supervision). 2010d. "Calibrating Regulatory Minimum Capital Requirements and Capital Buffers: A Top-Down Approach." Discussion Paper 180. Bank for International Settlements, Basel.
48. BCBS (Basel Committee on Banking Supervision). 2010e. "Basel III: A Global Regulatory Framework for More Resilient Banks and Banking Systems." Discussion Paper 189. Bank for International Settlements, Basel.
49. BCBS (Basel Committee on Banking Supervision). 2011a. "Resolution Policies and Frameworks-Progress So Far." Discussion Paper 200. Bank for International Settlements, Basel.
50. BCBS (Basel Committee on Banking Supervision). 2011b. "Global Systemically Important Banks: Assessment Methodology and the Additional Loss Absorbency Requirement." Discussion Paper 201. Bank for International Settlements, Basel.
51. BCBS (Basel Committee on Banking Supervision). 2011c. "Important Banks: Assessment Methodology and the Additional Loss Absorbency Requirement." Discussion Paper 207. Bank for International Settlements, Basel.
52. BCBS (Basel Committee on Banking Supervision). 2012. "A Framework for Dealing wiThDomestic Systemically Important Banks." Discussion Paper 233. Bank for International Settlements, Basel.
53. Beattie, Vivien, Charles Sutcliffe, Richard Dale, Peter Casson, and George McKenzie. 1995. Banks and Bad Debts: Accounting for Loan Losses in International Banking. London: John Wiley.
54. Beaver, William H., and Ellen E. Engel. 1996. "Discretionary Behavior wiThRespect to Allowance for Loan Losses and the Behavior of Securities Prices." Journal of Accounting and Economics 22: 206-.
55. Bebchuk, Lucian A., and Holger Spamann. 2010. "Regulating Bankers' Pay." Georgetown Law Journal 98 (2): 247-287.
56. Bebchuk, Lucian A., Alma Cohen, and Holger Spamann. 2010. "The Wages of Failure: Executive Compensation at Bear Stearns and Lehman 2000-2008." Yale Journal of Regulation 27: 282-.
57. Ben-David, Itzhak. 2011. "Financial Constraints and Inflated Home Prices during the Real- Estate Boom." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 3 (3): 55-78.
58. Benston, George J., Mike Carhill, and Brian Olasov. 1991. "The Failure and Survival of Thrifts: Evidence from the Southeast." In Financial Markets and Financial Crises, ed. R. Glenn Hubbard. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
59. Berger, Allen N., William C. Hunter, and Stephen G. Timme. 1993. "The Efficiency of Financial Institutions: A Review and Preview of Research Past, Present, and Future." Journal of Banking and Finance 17: 249-.
60. Berger, Allen N., Richard J. Herring, and Giorgio P. Szegö. 1995. "The Role of Capital in Financial Institutions." Journal of Banking and Finance 19: 430-.
61. Berglöf, Erik, and H. Sjögren. 1998. "Combining Control-Oriented and Arm's-LengThFinance-Evidence from Main Bank Relationships in Sweden." In Comparative Corporate Governance: The State of the Art and Emerging Research, ed. Klaus J. Hopt, Hideki Kanda, Mark J. Roe, Eddy Wymeersh, and Stefan Progge. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
62. Berk, Jonathan, and Peter DeMarzo. 2011. Corporate Finance, 2nd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
63. Bernanke, Ben S. 1983. "Nonmonetary Effects of the Financial Crisis in Propagation of the Great Depression." American Economic Review 73 (3): 257-276.
64. Bernanke, Ben S. 1995. "The Macroeconomics of the Great Depression: A Comparative Approach." Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking 27 (1): 1-28.
65. Bernanke, Ben S., and Cara S. Lown. 1991. "The Credit Crunch." Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 22 (2): 205-248.
66. Bernanke, Ben, Mark Gertler, and Simon Gilchrist. 1996. "The Financial Accelerator and the Flight to Quality." Review of Economics and Statistics 78 (1): 1-15.
67. Berra, Yogi. 1998. The Yogi Berra Book. Little Falls, NJ: LTD Enterprises.
68. Better Markets. 2012. "The Costs of the Financial Crisis." Available at http://bettermarkets .com/sites/default/files/Cost%20Of%20The%20Crisis_1.pdf. Accessed September 22, 2012.
69. Bhagat, Sanjai, and Brian Bolton. 2011. "Bank Executive Compensation and Capital Requirements Reform." Working paper. University of Colorado, Boulder.
70. Bhide, Amar. 2010. Call for Judgment: Sensible Finance for a Dynamic Economy. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
71. BIS (Bank for International Settlements). 2008. 78ThAnnual Report, 1 April, 2007-31 March, 2008. Basel.
72. BIS (Bank for International Settlements). 2009. 79ThAnnual Report, 1 April, 2008-31 March, 2009. Basel.
73. BIS (Bank for International Settlements). 2012. 82nd Annual Report, 1 April 2011-31 March 2012. Basel.
74. Black, Fischer, and Myron S. Scholes. 1973. "The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities." Journal of Political Economy 81 (3): 637-654.
75. Blattner, Niklaus. 1995. "Panel Discussion-Statements and Comments." Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics 131: 830-.
76. Blundell-Wignall, Adrian, and Paul Atkinson. 2009. "Origins of the Financial Crisis and Requirements for Reform." Journal of Asian Economics 20 (5): 536-548.
77. Bolton, Patrick, and Xavier Freixas. 2006. "Corporate Finance and the Monetary Transmission Mechanism." Review of Financial Studies 19: 870-.
78. Bolton, Patrick, and Martin Oehmke. 2012. "Should Derivatives Be Privileged in Bankruptcy?" Working paper. Columbia University, New York. July 3.
79. Boot, Arnoud. 2011. "Banking at the Cross Roads: How to Deal wiThMarketability and Complexity?" Amsterdam Business School, University of Amsterdam; Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR); and Tinbergen Institute, Amsterdam.
80. Borges, Antonio. 1990. "Portuguese Banking in the Single European Market." In European Banking in the 1990s, ed. Jean Dermine. Oxford, England: Blackwell. 325-343.
81. Bowman, William D. 1937. The Story of the Bank of England. London: Jenkins.
82. Boyd, John H., and Gianni De Nicolò. 2005. "The Theory of Bank Risk Taking and Competition Revisited." Journal of Finance 60 (3): 1329-1343.
83. Boyd, John H., and Mark Gertler. 1994. "The Role of Large Banks in the Recent US Banking Crisis." Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Quarterly Review 18 (1): 2-21.
84. Boyd, John H., and Amanda Heitz. 2011. "The Social Costs and Benefits of Too-Bigto- Fail Banks: A Bounding Exercise." Working paper. University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
85. Brady, Stephanie A., Ken E. Anadu, and Nathaniel R. Cooper. 2012. "The Stability of Prime Money Market Funds: Sponsor Support from 2007 to 2011." Working Paper RPA12-3. Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, Boston. August.
86. Brandeis, Louis Dembitz. [1914] 2010. Other People's Money, and How the Bankers Use It. New York: Fredrick A. Stokes. Reprint Seattle: Amazon Digital Services.
87. Brealey, Richard A. 2006. "Basel II: The Route Ahead or Cul-de-Sac?" Journal of Applied Corporate Finance 4: 43-.
88. Brealey, Richard A., Ian A. Cooper, and Evi Kaplanis. 2011. "International Propagation of the Credit Crisis." Mimeo. London Business School, London.
89. Brewer, Elijah, and Julapa A. Jagtiani. 2009. "How Much Did Banks Pay to Become Too- Big-to-Fail and to Become Systemically Important?" Working Paper 09-34. Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, Philadelphia.
90. Bruni, Franco. 1990. "Banking and Financial Reregulation: The Italian Case." In European Banking in the 1990s, ed. Jean Dermine. Oxford, England: Blackwell. 241-267.
91. Brunnermeier, Markus. 2009. "Deciphering the Liquidity and Credit Crunch, 2007-08." Journal of Economic Perspectives 23 (1): 77-100.
92. Brunnermeier, Markus K., and Martin Oehmke. "The Maturity Rat Race." Journal of Finance, forthcoming.
93. Bryant, John. 1980. "A Model of Reserves, Bank Runs, and Deposit Insurance." Journal of Banking and Finance 4: 344-.
94. Buch, Claudia M., and Esteban Prieto. 2012. "Do Better Capitalized Banks Lend Less? Long-Run Panel Evidence from Germany." Working Papers in Economics and Finance 37. Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
95. Burnside, Craig. 2011. "Carry Trades and Risk." NBER Working Paper 17278. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.
96. Calomiris, Charles W., and Gary Gorton. 1991. "The Origins of Banking Panics: Models, Facts and Bank Regulation." In Financial Markets and Financial Crises, ed. R. Glenn Hubbard. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 109-173.
97. Calomiris, Charles W., and Richard J. Herring. 2011. "Why and How to Design a Contingent Convertible Debt Requirement." Working paper. Finance Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, and Columbia Business School, Columbia University, New York.
98. Calomiris, Charles W., and Charles M. Kahn. 1991. "The Role of Demandable Debt in Structuring Optimal Banking Arrangements." American Economic Review 81: 497- 513.
99. Calomiris, Charles W., and Joseph R. Mason. 1997. "Contagion and Bank Failures during the Great Depression: The June 1932 Chicago Banking Panic." American Economic Review 87 (5): 863-883.
100. Caminal, Ramon, Jordi Gual, and Xavier Vives. 1990. "Competition in Spanish Banking." In European Banking in the 1990s, ed. Jean Dermine. Oxford, England: Blackwell. 271- 321.
101. Campbell, John J., Stefano Giglio, and Parag Pathak. 2011. "Forced Sales and House Prices." American Economic Review 101 (5): 2108-2131.
102. Caprio, Gerald, and Daniela Klingebiel. 1996. "Bank Insolvencies, Cross-Country Experiences." Policy Research Working Paper 1620. World Bank, Washington, DC.
103. Caprio, Gerald, and Daniela Klingebiel. 1997. "Bank Insolvency: Bad Luck, Bad Policy, or Bad Banking?" Paper written for the Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics, April 25-26, 1996.
104. Carbo-Valverde, Santiago, Edward J. Kane, and Francisco Rodriguez-Fernandez. 2011. "Safety-Net Benefit Conferred on Difficult-to-Fail-and-Unwind Banks in the US and EU before and during the Great Recession." Working paper. Department of Finance, Boston College, Boston.
105. Carruth, Paul J. 2003. "Accounting for Stock Options: A Historical Perspective." Journal of Business and Economics Research 1 (5): 9-14.
106. CEC (Commission of the European Communities). 1988. Research on the Costs of Non- Europe: Basic Findings. Vol. 9. Luxembourg City.
107. Cecchetti, Stephen G. 2009. "Crisis and Responses: The Federal Reserve in the Early Stages of the Financial Crisis." Journal of Economic Perspectives 23 (1): 51-75.
108. Cochrane, John H. 2005. "The Risk and Return of Venture Capital." Journal of Financial Economics 75: 52-.
109. Cohan, William D. 2012. Money and Power: How Goldman Sachs Came to Rule the World. New York: Anchor.
110. Cole, Rebel A. 2012. "How Did the Financial Crisis Affect Small-Business Lending in the U.S.?" Research study. U.S. Small Business Administration, Washington, DC.
111. Conti-Brown, Peter, and David Skeel, eds. 2012. When States Go Broke: The Origins, Context, and Solutions for the American States in Fiscal Crisis. New York: Cambridge University Press.
112. Copeland, Adam, Antoine Martin, and Michael Walker. 2012. "Repo Runs: Evidence from the Tri-Party Repo Market." StaffReport 506. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, New York.
113. Cornford, F. M. 1908. Microcosmographia Academica. Cambridge, England: Bowes & Bowes.
114. Crandall, Robert W. 1991. After the Breakup: U.S. Telecommunications in a More Competitive Era. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
115. Cumming, Christine, and Robert A. Eisenbeis. 2010. "Resolving Troubled Systemically Important Cross-Border Financial Institutions: Is a New Corporate Organizational Form Required?" StaffReport 457. Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
116. Curry, Timothy, and Lynn Shibut. 2000. "The Costs of the Savings and Loan Crisis: TruThand Consequences." FDIC Banking Review 13: 35-.
117. Das, Satyajit. 2010. Traders, Guns and Money: Knowns and Unknowns in the Dazzling World of Derivatives. Rev. ed. Financial Times Series. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
118. Das, Satyajit. 2011. Extreme Money: Masters of the Universe and the Cult of Risk. Upper Saddle River, NJ: ftPress.
119. Davies, Richard, and Belinda Tracey. 2012. "Too Big to Be Efficient? The Impact of Implicit Funding Subsidies on Scale Economies in Banking." Working paper. Bank of England, London.
120. Davydenko, Sergei A., Ilya A. Strebulaev, and Xiaofei Zhao. 2012. "A Market-Based Study of the Cost of Default." Review of Financial Studies 25 (10): 2599-2999.
121. Dell'Ariccia, Giovanni, Luc Laeven, and Deniz Igan. 2008. "Credit Booms and Lending Standards: Evidence from the Subprime Mortgage Market." IMF Working Paper 08/106. International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC.
122. Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, Edward J. Kane, and Luc Laeven. 2008. "Determinants of Deposit- Insurance Adoption and Design." Journal of Financial Intermediation 17 (3): 407-438.
123. Demirgüç-Kunt, Asli, Enrica Detragiache, and Ouarda Merrouche. 2010. "Bank Capital: Lessons from the Financial Crisis." Policy Research Working Paper 5473. World Bank, Washington, DC.
124. De Mooij, Ruud A. 2011. "Tax Biases to Debt Finance: Assessing the Problem, Finding Solutions." IMF staffdiscussion note. International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC. May 3.
125. Demyanyk, Yuliya, and Otto Van Hemert. 2009. "Understanding the Subprime Mortgage Crisis." Review of Financial Studies 24 (6): 1848-1880.
126. Dermine, Jean. 1990. European Banking in the 1990s. Oxford, England: Blackwell.
127. Dewatripont, Mathias, and Jean Tirole. 1994. The Prudential Regulation of Banks. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
128. Dewatripont, Mathias, and Jean Tirole. "Macroeconomic Shocks and Banking Regulation." Journal of Money, Credit, and Banking, forthcoming.
129. Diamond, Douglas W. 1984. "Financial Intermediation and Delegated Monitoring." Review of Economic Studies 51: 414-.
130. Diamond, Douglas W. 1991. "Monitoring and Reputation: The Choice between Bank Loans and Directly Placed Debt." Journal of Political Economy 99 (4): 689-721.
131. Diamond, Douglas W., and Phillip H. Dybvig. 1983. "Bank Runs, Deposit Insurance, and Liquidity." Journal of Political Economy 91: 419-.
132. Diamond, Douglas W., and Raghuram G. Rajan. 2000. "A Theory of Bank Capital." Journal of Finance 55: 2465-.
133. Diamond, Douglas W., and Raghuram G. Rajan. 2001. "Liquidity Risk, Liquidity Creation and Financial Fragility." Journal of Political Economy 109: 327-.
134. Douglas, Paul H., Irving Fisher, Frank D. Graham, Earl J. Hamilton, Willford I. King, and Charles D. Whittlesay. 1939. "A Program for Monetary Reform." Mimeo. July. http:// www.economicstability.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/A-Program-for- Monetary-Reform-.pdf, accessed November 3, 2012.
135. Duffie, Darrell. 2012. "Re-plumbing Our Financial System: Uneven Progress." Working paper. Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
136. Dunbar, Nicholas. 2011. The Devil's Derivatives: The Untold Story of the Slick Traders and Hapless Regulators Who Almost Blew Up Wall Street . . . and Are Ready to Do It Again. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business Review Press.
137. Dunstan, Roger. 1995. "Overview of New York City's Fiscal Crisis." Sacramento, CA: California Research Bureau. March 1.
138. Eichengreen, Barry J. 1992. Golden Fetters: The Gold Standard and the Great Depression, 1919-1939. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
139. Ellis, Luci. 2008. "The Housing Meltdown: Why Did It Happen in the United States?" Working Paper 259. Bank for International Settlements, Basel.
140. Englund, Peter. 1990. "Financial Deregulation in Sweden." European Economic Review 34: 393-.
141. Englund, Peter. 1999. "The Swedish Banking Crisis-Roots and Consequences." Oxford Review of Economic Policy 15 (3): 80-97.
142. Esty, Benjamin C. 1998. "The Impact of Contingent Liability on Commercial Bank Risk Taking." Journal of Financial Economics 47: 218-.
143. European Policy Studies Task Force. 2010. "Bank State Aid in the Financial Crisis- Fragmentation or Level Playing Field?" CEPS Task Force Report. Centre for European Policy Studies, Brussels.
144. Expertenrat (Expert group of the German federal government). 2011. "Strategien für den Ausstieg des Bundes aus krisenbedingten Beteiligungen an Banken: Gutachten des von der Bundesregierung eingesetzten Expertenrats" (Strategies for an exit of the federal government from its crisis-induced participations in banks: Report to the federal government). http://www.bundesfinanzministerium.de/Content/DE/Standardartikel/hemen/ Internationales_Finanzmarkt/Finanzmarktpolitik/2011-02-15-gutachten-banken beteiligung-anlage.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=3. Accessed November 4, 2012.
145. Fahlenbrach, Rüdiger, and René Stulz. 2011. "Bank CEO Incentives and the Credit Crisis." Journal of Financial Economics 99: 26-.
146. Farber, David B., Marilyn F. Johnson, and Kathy R. Petroni. 2007. "Congressional Intervention in the Standard-Setting Process: An Analysis of the Stock Option Accounting Reform Act of 2004." Accounting Horizons 21 (1): 1-22.
147. Farhi, Emmanuel, and Jean Tirole. 2011. "Collective Moral Hazard, Maturity Mismatch, and Systemic Bailouts." Working paper. Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, and Toulouse School of Economics, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
148. FCIC (Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission). 2011. The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
149. Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas. 2012. "Choosing the Road to Prosperity: Why We Must End Too Big to Fail Now." 2011 annual report. Dallas.
150. Ferguson, Charles H. 2012. Predator Nation: Corporate Criminals, Political Corruption, and the Hijacking of America. New York: Crown Business.
151. Ferguson, Thomas, and Peter Temin. 2003. "Made in Germany: The German Currency Crisis of July 1931." Research in Economic History 21: 53-.
152. Ferguson, Thomas, and Peter Temin. 2004. "Comment on 'The German Twin Crisis of 1931,'" Journal of Economic History 64 (3): 872-876.
153. Fielding, Eric, Andrew W. Lo, and Jian Helen. 2011. "The National Transportation Safety Board: A Model for Systemic Risk Management." Journal of Investment Management 9 (1): 17-49.
154. Fink, Matthew P. 2008. The Rise of Mutual Funds. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
155. Fischer, Markus J., Christa Hainz, Jörg Rocholl, and Sascha Steffen. 2011. "Government Guarantees and Bank Risk Taking Incentives." AFA 2012 Chicago Meetings paper. American Finance Association, Berkeley, CA.
156. Flannery, Mark J. 2005. "No Pain, No Gain? Effecting Market Discipline via Reverse Convertible Debentures." In Capital Adequacy Beyond Basel: Banking Securities and Insurance, ed. Hall S. Scott. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. Chapter 5.
157. Fleischer, Victor. 2011. "Tax Reform and the Tax Treatment of Debt and Equity." Testimony before Joint Congressional Committee on Ways and Means, Senate Committee on Finance, July 13.
158. Fohlin, Caroline. 2007. Finance Capitalism and Germany's Rise to Industrial Power. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
159. Ford, Richard. 1926. "Imprisonment for Debt." Michigan Law Review 25 (1): 24-49.
160. Fourcade, Marion. 2009. Economists and Societies: Discipline and Profession in the United States, Britain, and France, 1890s to 1990s. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
161. Freedman, Abraham L. 1928. "Imprisonment for Debt." Temple Law Quarterly 2: 336.
162. French, Kenneth, Martin N. Baily, John Y. Campbell, John H. Cochrane, Douglas W. Diamond, Darrell Duffie, Anil K. Kashyap, Frederic S. Mishkin, Raghuram G. Rajan, David S. Scharfstein, Robert J. Shiller, Hyun Song Shin, Matthew J. Slaughter, Jeremy C. Stein, and René M. Stulz. 2010. The Squam Lake Report: Fixing the Financial System. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
163. Friedman, Milton. 1960. A Program for Monetary Stability. New York: Fordham University Press.
164. Friedman, Milton. 1969. The Optimum Quantity of Money and Other Essays. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
165. Friedman, Milton, and Rose Friedman. 1990. Free to Choose: A Personal Statement. New York: Harcourt.
166. Friedman, Milton, and Anna Schwartz. 1963. A Monetary History of the United States, 1867-1960. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
167. Frydman, Roman, and Michael D. Goldberg. 2011. Beyond Mechanical Markets: Asset Price Swings, Risk, and the Role of the State. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
168. FSA (Financial Services Authority). 2010. "The Prudential Regime for Trading Activities: A Fundamental Review." Discussion Paper 10/4. Financial Services Authority, London.
169. FSB (Financial Stability Board). 2011a. "Effective Resolution of Systemically Important Financial Institutions: Recommendations and Timelines." http://www.financialstability board.org/publications/r_110719.pdf. Accessed October 1, 2012.
170. FSB (Financial Stability Board). 2011b. "Key Attributes of Effective Resolution Procedures for Financial Institutions." October. http://www.financialstabilityboard.org/publications/r_111104cc.pdf. Accessed October 1, 2012.
171. FSB (Financial Stability Board). 2012. "Strengthening the Oversight and Regulation of Shadow Banking." Progress Report to G20 Ministers and Governors. London.
172. Gandhi, Priyank, and Hanno Lustig. 2012. "Size Anomalies in U.S. Bank Stock Returns: A Fiscal Explanation." NBER Working Paper w16553. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.
173. Geanakoplos, John. 2010. "Solving the Present Crisis and Managing the Leverage Cycle." Economic Policy Review (Federal Reserve Bank of New York), August, 101-131.
174. Gerschenkron, Alexander. 1962. Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
175. Ghent, Andra C., and Mariana Kudlyak. 2009. "Recourse and Residential Mortgage Default: Evidence from U.S. States." Working Paper 09-10R. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, Richmond, VA.
176. Gilbert, R. Alton. 1986. "Requiem for Regulation Q: What It Did and Why It Passed Away." Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review (February): 22-37.
177. Goldstein, Itay, and Adi Pauzner. 2005. "Demand Deposit Contracts and the Probability of a Bank Run." Journal of Finance 60 (3): 1293-1327.
178. Goodfriend, Marvin. 2011. "Money Markets." Annual Review of Financial Economics 3 (1): 19-37.
179. Goodhart, Charles A. E. 1988. The Evolution of Central Banks. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
180. Goodhart, Charles A. E. 1996. "Has Financial Risk Really Worsened?" In Risk Management in Volatile Financial Markets, ed. Franco Bruni, Donald F. Fair, and Richard O'Brien. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer.
181. Goodhart, Charles A. E. 1998. "The Two Concepts of Money: Implications for the Analysis of Optimal Currency Areas." European Journal of Political Economy 14: 432-.
182. Goodhart, Charles A. E. 2010. "How Should We Regulate the Financial Sector?" The Future of Finance. LSE Report. London School of Economics and Political Science, London. Chapter 5.
183. Goodhart, Charles A. E. 2011. The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision: A History of the Early Years, 1974-1997. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
184. Goodhart, Charles A. E. 2012. "Sovereign Ratings When Default Can Come Explicitly or via Inflation." VoxEU, London. February 2.
185. Gorton, Gary. 1985. "Clearinghouses and the Origin of Central Banking in the United States." Journal of Economic History 45 (2): 277-283.
186. Gorton, Gary. 1988. "Banking Panics and Business Cycles." Oxford Economic Papers 40 (4): 751-781.
187. Gorton, Gary. 1994. "Bank Regulation When 'Banks' and 'Banking' Are Not the Same." Oxford Review of Economic Policy 10: 119-.
188. Gorton, Gary. 2010. Slapped by the Invisible Hand: The Panic of 2007. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
189. Gorton, Gary, and Andrew Metrick. 2010. "Regulating the Shadow Banking System." Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 41 (2): 261-312.
190. Greenspan, Alan. 2010. "The Crisis." Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, Spring, 201-246.
191. Greenwald, Bruce C., and Robert R. Glasspiegel. 1983. "Adverse Selection in the Market for Slaves: New Orleans, 1830-1860." Quarterly Journal of Economics 98 (3): 479-499.
192. Grilli, Vittorio, Donato Masciandaro, and Guido Tabellini. 1991. "Institutions and Policies." Economic Policy 6 (13): 341-392.
193. Grossman, Gene M., and Elhanan Helpman. 1994. "Protection for Sale." American Economic Review 84: 850-.
194. Grossman, Richard S. 2001. "Double Liability and Bank Risk Taking." Journal of Money, Credit and Banking 33 (2, pt. 1): 143-159.
195. Grossman, Richard S. 2007. "Fear and Greed: The Evolution of Double Liability in American Banking, 1865-1930." Explorations in Economic History 44 (1): 59-80.
196. Grossman, Richard S. 2010. Unsettled Account: The Evolution of Banking in the Industrialized World since 1800. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
197. Grossman, Richard S., and Masami Imai. 2011. "Contingent Capital and Bank Risk-Taking among British Banks before World War I." Wesleyan Economics Working Paper 2011- 003. Department of Economics, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT.
198. Gurley, John G., and Edward S. Shaw. 1960. Money in a Theory of Finance. Washington DC: Brookings Institution.
199. Haldane, Andrew G. 2010. "Regulation or Prohibition: The $100 Billion Question." Journal of Regulation and Risk NorThAsia 2 (2-3): 101-122.
200. Haldane, Andrew G. 2011a. "Capital Discipline." Speech delivered at the American Economic Association, Denver, January 9.
201. Haldane, Andrew G. 2011b. "Control Rights (and Wrongs)." Wincott Annual Memorial Lecture, Westminster, London, October 24.
202. Haldane, Andrew G. 2011c. "Accounting for Banks' Uncertainty." Speech delivered at the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales, London, December 19.
203. Haldane, Andrew G. 2012a. "The Doom Loop." London Review of Books 34 (4): 21-22.
204. Haldane, Andrew G. 2012b. "Creating a Socially Useful Financial System." Speech delivered at the Institute of New Economic Thinking's "Paradigm Lost" conference in Berlin.
205. Haldane, Andrew G. 2012c. "The Dog and the Frisbee." Speech delivered at the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City's 366Theconomic policy symposium, Jackson Hole, Wyoming, August 31.
206. Haldane, Andrew, Simon Brennan, and Vasileios Madouros. 2010. "What Is the Contribution of the Financial Sector: Miracle or Mirage?" In The Future of Finance. London: London School of Economics. Chapter 2.
207. Hanson, Samuel, Anil K. Kashyap, and Jeremy C. Stein. 2011. "A Macroprudential Approach to Financial Regulation." Journal of Economic Perspectives 25: (1): 3-28.
208. Harding, John P., Eric Rosenblatt, and Vincent W. Yao. 2009. "The Contagion Effect of Foreclosed Properties." Journal of Urban Economics 66 (3): 164-178.
209. Harrison, Ian. 2004. "Banks, Capital and Regulation: Towards an Optimal Capital Regime for a Small Open Economy." Working paper. Reserve Bank of New Zealand, Wellington.
210. Hayes, Christopher. 2012. The Twilight of the Elites: America after Meritocracy. New York: Crown.
211. Healy, Paul M., and Krishna G. Palepu. 2003. "The Fall of Enron." Journal of Economic Perspectives 17 (2): 3-26.
212. Hellwig, Martin F. 1991. "Banking, Financial Intermediation, and Corporate Finance." In European Financial Integration, ed. A. Giovannini and C. Mayer. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. 35-63.
213. Hellwig, Martin F. 1994. "Liquidity Provision, Banking, and the Allocation of Interest Rate Risk." European Economic Review 38: 1389-.
214. Hellwig, Martin F. 1995. "Systemic Aspects of Risk Management in Banking and Finance." Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics 131: 737-.
215. Hellwig, Martin F. 1998. "Banks, Markets, and the Allocation of Risks," Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics 154: 351-.
216. Hellwig, Martin F. 2000. "On the Economics and Politics of Corporate Finance and Corporate Control." In Corporate Governance, ed. X. Vives. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. 95-134.
217. Hellwig, Martin F. 2005. "Market Discipline, Information Processing, and Corporate Governance." In Corporate Governance in Context: Corporations, States, and Markets in Europe, Japan, and the US, ed. K. J. Hopt, E. Wymeersch, H. Kanda, and H. Baum. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. 379-402.
218. Hellwig, Martin F. 2009. "Systemic Risk in the Financial Sector: An Analysis of the Subprime- Mortgage Financial Crisis." The Economist 157: 207-.
219. Hellwig, Martin F. 2010a. "Capital Regulation after the Crisis: Business as Usual?" Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn, Preprint 2010-31.
220. Hellwig, Martin F. 2010b. "Comments on Proposal to Ensure the Loss Absorbency of Regulatory Capital at the Point of Non-viability." Max Planck Institute for Research on Collective Goods, Bonn. October 1.
221. Hellwig, Martin F. 2012. "The Problem of Bank Resolution Remains Unsolved: A Critique of the German Bank Restructuring Law." In Too big to fail-Brauchen wir ein Sonderinsolvenzrecht für Banken?, ed. Patrick S. Kenadjian. Boston: De Gruyter. 35-62.
222. Hellwig, Martin F., and Markus Staub. 1996. "Capital Requirements for Market Risks Based on Inhouse Models-Aspects of Quality Assessment." Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics 132: 776-.
223. Hendershott, Patric C., and James D. Shilling. 1991. "The Continued Interest Rate Vulnerability of Thrifts." In Financial Markets and Financial Crises, ed. R. Glenn Hubbard. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 259-282.
224. Hernan, Robert. 2010. This Borrowed Earth: Lessons from the Fifteen Worst Environmental Disasters around the World. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England: Palgrave McMillan.
225. Herring, Richard, and Jacopo Carmassi. 2010. "The Corporate Structure of International Financial Conglomerates: Complexity and Its Implications for Safety and Soundness." In The Oxford Handbook of Banking, ed. A. Berger, P. Molyneux, and J. Wilson. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
226. Hesse, Heiko, Nathaniel Frank, and Brenda González-Hermosillo. 2008. "Transmission of Liquidity Shocks: Evidence from the 2007 Subprime Crisis." IMF Working Paper 08/200. International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC.
227. Hoad, T. F. 1986. Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
228. Hoenig, Thomas M. 2012. "Back to Basics: A Better Alternative to Basel Capital Rules." Speech delivered to the American Banker Regulatory Symposium, Washington, DC, September 14.
229. Hoenig, Thomas M., and Charles S. Morris. 2011. "Restructuring the Banking System to Improve Safety and Soundness." Federal Reserve of Kansas City, Kansas City, MO.
230. Holtfrerich, Carl-Ludwig. 1981. "Die Eigenkapitalausstattung deutscher Kreditinstitute 1871- 1945." Bankhistorisches Archiv 5: 29-.
231. Horngren, Charles, Walter T. Harrison, and M. Suzanne Oliver. 2012. Accounting. 9Thed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
232. Hoshi, Takao, and Anil Kashyap. 2004. "Japan's Financial Crisis and Economic Stagnation." Journal of Economic Perspectives 18 (Winter): 3-26.
233. Hoshi, Takao, and Anil Kashyap. 2010. "Why Did Japan Stop Growing?" NBER working paper. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.
234. Hoshi, Takeo, Anil Kashyap, and David Scharfstein. 1990. "The Role of Banks in Reducing the Costs of Financial Distress in Japan." Journal of Financial Economics 27 (1): 67-88.
235. Hoshi, Takeo, Anil Kashyap, and David Scharfstein. 1991. "Corporate Structure, Liquidity, and Investment: Evidence from Japanese Industrial Groups." Quarterly Journal of Economics 106 (1): 33-60.
236. Hu, Henry T. C. 2012. "Too Complex to Depict? Innovation, 'Pure Information' and the SEC Disclosure Paradigm." Texas Law Review 90: 1715-.
237. Huertas, Thomas F. 2010. Crisis: Cause, Containment and Cure. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England: Palgrave Macmillan.
238. Hughes, Joseph P., and Loretta J. Mester. 2011. "Who Said Large Banks Don't Experience Scale Economies? Evidence from a Risk-Return Driven Cost Function." Financial Institutions Center, Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
239. Hull, John. 2007. Risk Management and Financial Institutions. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
240. Hyman, Louis. 2012. Borrow: The American Way of Debt. New York: Vintage.
241. ICB (Independent Commission on Banking). 2011. "Final Report: Recommendation." http://www.financialregulationforum.com/wpmember/the-independent-commissionon- banking-final-report-6873/. Accessed October 15, 2012.
242. IIF (Institute of International Finance). 2010. "Interim Report on the Cumulative Impact on the Global Economy of Changes in the Banking Regulatory Framework." Washington, DC. June.
243. IMF (International Monetary Fund). 2007. "Market Developments and Issues." Global Financial Stability Report. Washington, DC. April.
244. IMF (International Monetary Fund). 2008a. "Containing Systemic Risks and Restoring Financial Soundness." Global Financial Stability Report. Washington, DC. April.
245. IMF (International Monetary Fund). 2008b. "Financial Stress and Deleveraging: Macro-Financial Implications and Policy." Global Financial Stability Report. Washington, DC. October.
246. IMF (International Monetary Fund). 2009. "Sustaining the Recovery." World Economic Outlook. Washington, DC. October.
247. IMF (International Monetary Fund). 2010a. "Rebalancing Growth." World Economic Outlook. Washington, DC. April.
248. IMF (International Monetary Fund). 2010b. "Sovereigns, Funding, and Systemic Liquidity." Global Financial Stability Report. Washington, DC. October.
249. Independent Evaluation Group. 2012. The World Bank Group's Response to the Global Economic Crisis-Phase II. Washington, DC: World Bank Group.
250. ISDA (International Swaps and Derivatives Association). 2012. "Netting and Offsetting: Reporting Derivatives under GAAP and under IFRS." Working paper. http://www2 .isda.org/functional-areas/accounting-and-tax/gaap-us/. Accessed October 7, 2012.
251. Ivashina, Victoria, and David Scharfstein. 2010. "Bank Lending during the Financial Crisis of 2008." Journal of Financial Economics 97 (3): 319-338.
252. Jaffe, Adam B., Steven R. Peterson, Paul R. Portney, and Robert N. Stavins. 1995. "Environmental Regulation and the Competitiveness of U.S. Manufacturing: What Does the Evidence Tell Us?" Journal of Economic Literature 33 (1): 132-163.
253. Jenkins, Robert. 2011. "Lessons in Lobbying." Speech delivered at the third Gordon Midgley Memorial Debate, London.
254. Jenkins, Robert. 2012a. "Let's Make a Deal." Speech delivered at the Worshipful Company of Actuaries, Haberdasher's Hall, London.
255. Jenkins, Robert. 2012b. "A Debate Framed by Fallacies." Speech delivered at the International Centre for Financial Regulation's 3rd Annual Regulatory Summit, London.
256. Jenkins, Robert. 2012c. "Investors: Speak Now or Forever Hold Your Peace." Speech delivered at the CFA UK Annual Chairman's Dinner, London.
257. Jensen, Michael C. 1986. "Agency Costs of Free Cash Flow, Corporate Finance, and Takeovers." American Economic Review 76 (2): 323-329.
258. Jensen, Michael C. 1993. "The Modern Industrial Revolution, Exit, and the Failure of Internal Control Systems." Journal of Finance 48: 880-.
259. Johnson, Gordon. 1994. University Politics: F. M. Cornford's Cambridge and His Advice to the Young Academic Politician. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
260. Johnson, Simon, and James Kwak. 2010. 13 Bankers: The Wall Street Takeover and the Next Financial Meltdown. New York: Pantheon.
261. Johnson, Simon, and James Kwak. 2012. "Is Financial Innovation Good for the Economy?" In Innovation Policy and the Economy, ed. Josh Lerner and Scott Stem. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.
262. Jordà, Oscar, Moritz Schularick, and Alan Taylor. 2011. "When Credit Bites Back: Leverage, Business Cycles, and Crises." Working Paper 2011-27. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco.
263. Jostarndt, Philipp, and Stefan Wagner. 2006. "Kapitalstrukturen börsennotierter Aktiengesellschaften-Deutschland und die USA im Vergleich." Discussion Paper 2006- 17. Munich School of Management, University of Munich, Munich.
264. Junge, Georg, and Peter Kugler. 2012. "Quantifying the Impact of Higher Capital Requirements on the Swiss Economy." Mimeo. University of Basel, Basel.
265. Kane, Edward. 1985. The Gathering Crisis in Federal Deposit Insurance. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
266. Kane, Edward. 1989. The S & L Insurance Mess: How Did It Happen? Washington, DC: Urban Institute Press.
267. Kane, Edward. 2001. "Dynamic Inconsistency of Capital Forbearance: Long-Run vs. Short-Run Effects of Too-Big-to-Fail Policymaking." Pacific-Basin Finance Journal 9 (4): 281-299.
268. Kane, Edward. 2012a. "Bankers and Brokers First: Loose Ends in the Theory of Central-Bank Policymaking." Working paper, Boston College.
269. Kane, Edward. 2012b. "The Inevitability of Shadowy Banking," Working paper. Boston College.
270. Kane, Edward. 2012c. "Missing Elements in U.S. Financial Reform: A Kübler-Ross Interpretation of the Inadequacy of the Dodd-Frank Act." Journal of Banking and Finance 36: 661-.
271. Kareken, John H. 1983. "Deposit Insurance Reform or Deregulation Is the Cart, Not the Horse." Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis Quarterly Review 7: 9-.
272. Kaserer, Christoph. 2010. "Staatliche Hilfen für Banken und ihre Kosten-Notwendigkeit und Merkmale einer Ausstiegsstrategie" (Government support for banks and its costs- Necessity and characteristics of an exit strategy). Working paper. Technical University of Munich, Munich.
273. Kashyap, Anil K., Jeremy C. Stein, and Samuel Hanson. 2010. "An Analysis of the Impact of 'Substantially Heightened' Capital Requirements on Large Financial Institutions." Working paper. University of Chicago, Chicago, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
274. Kay, John. 2010. "Should We Have 'Narrow Banking'?" The Future of Finance. LSE Report. London School of Economics and Political Science, London. Chapter 8.
275. Keeley, Michael C. 1990. "Deposit Insurance, Risk, and Market Power in Banking." American Economic Review 80: 1200-.
276. Kelly, Brian, Hanno Lustig, and Stijn Van Nieuwerburgh. 2012. "Too-Systemic-to-Fail: What Option Markets Imply about Sector-Wide Government Guarantees." NBER Working Paper 17615. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA.
277. Keys, Benjamin J., Tanmoy Mukherjee, Amit Seru, and Vikrant Vig. 2010. "Did Securitization Lead to Lax Screening? Evidence from Subprime Loans." Quarterly Journal of Economics 125 (1): 307-362.
278. Keys, Ralph. 2006. The Quote Verifier. New York: St. Martin's Griffin.
279. Kim, Daesik, and Anthony M. Santomero. 1988. "Risk in Banking and Capital Regulation." Journal of Finance 43: 1233-.
280. Kindleberger, Charles P. 1984. A Financial History of Western Europe. Allen and Unwin.
281. Kindleberger, Charles P., and Robert Aliber. 2005. Manias, Panics, and Crashes: A History of Financial Crises. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
282. King, Mervyn. 1990. "International Harmonisation of the Regulation of Capital Markets: An Introduction." European Economic Review 34: 577-.
283. King, Mervyn. 2010. "Banking from Bagehot to Basel and Back Again." Second Bagehot Lecture, Buttenwood Gathering, New York, October 25.
284. Klein, Benjamin. 1974. "Competitive Interest Payments on Bank Deposits and the Long- Run Demand for Money." American Economic Review 64: 949-.
285. Kluge, Friedrich. 1975. Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache, 21st ed. Berlin: De Gruyter.
286. Knapp, Georg Friedrich. [1905] 1924. Staatliche Theorie des Geldes. Trans. as The State Theory of Money. London: Macmillan.
287. Koehn, Michael, and Anthony M. Santomero. 1980. "Regulation of Bank Capital and Portfolio Risk." Journal of Finance 35: 1244-.
288. Körner, Tobias, and Isabel Schnabel. 2012. "Abolishing Public Guarantees in the Absence of Market Discipline." Working paper. University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
289. Korteweg, Arthur. 2010. "The Net Benefit to Leverage." Journal of Finance 55 (6): 2137- 2170.
290. Korteweg, Arthur, and Morten Sorensen. 2010. "Risk and Return Characteristics of Venture Capital-Backed Entrepreneurial Companies." Review of Financial Studies 23 (10): 3738-3772.
291. Kotlikoff, Laurence J. 2010. Jimmy Stewart Is Dead: Ending the World's Financial Plague before It Strikes Again. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons.
292. Krahnen, Jan P., and Reinhard H. Schmidt. 2003. The German Financial System. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
293. Krishnamurthy, Arvind, Stefan Nagel, and Dmitri Orlov. 2012. "Sizing Up Repo." Working Paper, Stanford University.
294. Krugman, Paul. 1996. Pop Internationalism. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
295. Kwak, James. 2012. "Cultural Capture and the Financial Crisis." In Preventing Capture: Special Interest Influence in Legislation and How to Limit It, ed. Daniel Carpenter, Steve Croley, and David Moss. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. Chapter 7.
296. Laeven, Luc, and Fabian Valencia. 2009. "Systemic Banking Crises: A New Database." IMF Working Paper 08/224. International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC.
297. Laeven, Luc, and Fabian Valencia. 2010. "Resolution of Banking Crises: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly." IMF Working Paper 10/146. International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC.
298. Laeven, Luc, and Fabian Valencia. 2012. "Systemic Banking Crisis Database: An Update." IMF Working Paper 163. International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC.
299. La Porta, R., F. Lopez-de-Silanes, and A. Shleifer. 1999. "Corporate Ownership around the World." Journal of Finance 54: 517-.
300. La Porta, Rafael, Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert W. Vishny. 1997. "Legal Determinants of External Finance." Journal of Finance 52: 1150-.
301. La Porta, Rafael, Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert W. Vishny. 1998. "Law and Finance." Journal of Political Economy 106: 1155-.
302. La Porta, Rafael, Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert W. Vishny. 2000a. "Agency Problems and Dividend Policies around the World." Journal of Finance 55 (1): 1-33.
303. La Porta, Rafael, Florencio Lopez-de-Silanes, Andrei Shleifer, and Robert W. Vishny. 2000b. "Investor Protection and Corporate Governance." Journal of Financial Economics 58 (1-2): 3-27.
304. Laux, Christian, and Christian Leuz. 2010. "Did Fair-Value Accounting Contribute to the Financial Crisis?," Journal of Economic Perspectives 24: 118-.
305. Ledo, Mayte. 2012. "Towards More Consistent, Albeit Diverse, Risk-Weighted Assets Across Banks." Bank of Spain, Madrid.
306. Lessig, Lawrence. 2011. Republic, Lost: How Money Corrupts Congress-and a Plan to Stop It. New York: Twelve.
307. Levitin, Adam J. 2013. "The Tenuous Case for Derivatives Clearinghouses." Georgetown Law Journal 101; Georgetown Law and Economics Research Paper 12-032; Georgetown Public Law Research Paper 12-124, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.
308. Lewis, Michael. 1990. Liar's Poker: Rising through the Wreckage on Wall Street. Ontario City, Canada: Penguin.
309. Lewis, Michael. 2010. The Big Short: Inside the Doomsday Machine. New York: W. W. Norton.
310. Lewis, Michael. 2011. Boomerang: Travels in the New Third World. New York: W. W. Norton.
311. London Economics and Achim Dübel (Finpolconsult) in association wiThthe Institut für Finanzdienstleistungen e.V. (iff). 2009. "Study on the Costs and Benefits of the Different Policy Options for Mortgage Credit: Final Report." Report prepared for the European Commission, Internal Markets and Services DG. http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/finservices-retail/docs/credit/mortgage/study_cost_benefit-final_report_en.pdf. Accessed September 30, 2012.
312. Lopez, Robert S. 1976. The Commercial Revolution of the Middle Ages, 950-1350. New York: Cambridge University Press.
313. LoPucki, Lynn. 2005. Courting Failure. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
314. Lowenstein, Roger. 2001. When Genius Failed. New York: Random House.
315. Lütge, Friedrich. 1966. Deutsche Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte (German social and economic history), 3rd ed. Berlin: Springer.
316. Macey, Jonathan R., and Geoffrey P. Miller. 1992. "Double Liability of Bank Shareholders: History and Implications." Wake Forest Law Review 27: 62-.
317. Mallaby, Sebastian. 2010. More Money than God: Hedge Funds and the Making of a New Elite. London: Penguin.
318. Malysheva, Nadezhda, and John R. Walter. 2010. "How Large Has the Federal Financial Safety Net Become?" Working paper. Federal Reserve of Richmond, Richmond, VA.
319. Markham, Jerry W. 2002. A Financial History of the United States. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.
320. Mayer, Colin. 1988. "New Issues in Corporate Finance." European Economic Review 32: 1188-.
321. Mayo, Mike. 2011. Exile on Wall Street: One Analyst's Fight to Save the Big Banks from Themselves. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons.
322. McDonald, Lawrence G. 2010. A Colossal Failure of Common Sense: The Inside Story of the Collapse of Lehman Brothers. New York: Three Rivers.
323. McDonald, Robert L. 2010. "Contingent Capital wiTha Dual Price Trigger." Working paper. Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University.
324. McLean, Bethany, and Peter Elkind. 2004. The Smartest Guys in the Room: The Amazing Rise and Scandalous Fall of Enron. New York: Portfolio Trade.
325. McLean, Bethany, and Joe Nocera. 2010. All the Devils Are Here: The Hidden History of the Financial Crisis. New York: Portfolio Trade.
326. Mehran, Hamid, and Anjan Thakor. 2010. "Bank Capital and Value in the Cross Section." Review of Financial Studies 24 (4): 1019-1067.
327. Mehrling, Perry. 2010. The New Lombard Street. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
328. Meltzer, Allan. 2012. Why Capitalism? New York: Oxford University Press.
329. Melzer, Brian T. 2012. "Mortgage Debt Overhang: Reduced Investment by Homeowners wiThNegative Equity." Working paper. Northwestern University, Chicago.
330. Merkley, Jeff, and Carl Levin. 2011. "The Dodd-Frank Act Restrictions on Proprietary Trading and Conflicts of Interest: New Tools to Address Evolving Threats." Harvard Law and Policy Review 48: 553-.
331. Merton, Robert C. 1973. "Theory of Rational Option Pricing." Bell Journal of Economics 4 (1): 141-183.
332. Merton, Robert K. 1957. "The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy." In Social Theory and Social Structure, rev. and enl. ed. New York: Free Press of Glencoe. 421-436.
333. Mian, Atif, Amir Sufi, and Francesco Trebbi. 2010. "The Political Economy of the US Mortgage Default Crisis." American Economic Review 100 (5): 1967-1998.
334. Miles, David, Jing Yang. and Gilberto Marcheggiano. 2011. "Optimal Bank Capital." Discussion paper. Bank of England, London.
335. Miller, Merton H. 1977. "Debt and Taxes." Journal of Finance 32: 275-.
336. Miller, Merton H. 1995. "Does the M&M Proposition Apply to Banks?" Journal of Banking and Finance 19: 489-.
337. Mills, Lillian F., and Kaye J. Newberry. 2005. "Firms' OffBalance Sheet and Hybrid Debt Financing: Evidence from Their Book-Tax Reporting Differences." Journal of Accounting Research 43 (2): 251-282.
338. Mishkin, Frederic S. 2007. The Economics of Money, Banking and Financial Institutions. 8Thed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Addison Wesley.
339. Modigliani, Franco, and Merton H. Miller. 1958. "The Cost of Capital, Corporation Finance, and the Theory of Investment." American Economic Review 48: 297-.
340. Monopolkommission. 2005. Wettbewerbspolitik im Schatten "nationaler Champions": XV. Hauptgutachten 2002/2003 (Competition policy in the shadow of "national champions": XVThBiennial Report 2002/2003). Baden-Baden, Germany: Nomos. German text wiThEnglish summary.
341. Morgenson, Gretchen, and Joshua Rosner. 2011. Reckless Endangerment: How Outsized Ambition, Greed, and Corruption Led to Economic Armageddon. New York: Times Books.
342. Morris, Stephen, and Hyun Song Shin. 1998. "Unique Equilibrium in a Model of Self- Fulfilling Currency Attacks." American Economic Review 88: 597-.
343. Muellbauer, John, and Anthony Murphy. 1997. "Booms and Busts in the UK Housing Market." CEPR Discussion Paper 1615. Centre for Economic and Policy Research, London.
344. Myers, Stewart C. 1977. "Determinants of Corporate Borrowing." Journal of Financial Economics 5: 175-.
345. Myers, Stewart C., and Nicholas S. Majluf. 1984. "Corporate Financing and Investment Decisions when Firms Have Information That Investors Do Not Have." Journal of Financial Economics 13: 222-.
346. Noël, François. [1857] 1993. Dictionnaire étymologique et historique du français. Nouvelle edition. Paris: Références Larousse.
347. Noss, Joseph, and Rihannon Sowerbutts. 2012. "The Implicit Subsidy of Banks." Financial Stability Paper 15. Bank of England, London.
348. OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development). 2009. Economic Surveys: Iceland. Paris.
349. O'Keffee, John. 2009. "The Effects of Underwriting Practices on Loan Losses: Evidence from the FDIC Survey of Bank Lending Practices." International Finance Review 11: 314-.
350. Olson, Mancur. 1965. The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
351. Olson, Mancur. 1982. The Rise and Decline of Nations. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
352. Onaran, Yalman. 2011. Zombie Banks: How Broken Banks and Debtor Nations Are Crippling the Global Economy. Hoboken, NJ: Bloomberg.
353. Oxford Economics. 2012. "The Aggregate Mortgage Repossessions Outlook." Economic Outlook 36: 32-.
354. Panier, Frédéric, Francisco Pérez-González, and Pablo Villanueva. 2012. "Capital Structure and Taxes: What Happens When You (Also) Subsidize Equity?" Working paper. Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
355. Paredes, Troy. 2010. "Corporate Governance and the New Financial Regulation: Complements or Substitutes?" Speech delivered at the Transatlantic Corporate Governance Dialogue, Brussels, October 25. http://www.sec.gov/news/speech/2010/spch102510tap .htm. Accessed October 18, 2012.
356. Partnoy, Frank. 2009. Infectious Greed: How Deceit and Risk Corrupted the Financial Markets. New York: PublicAffairs.
357. Partnoy, Frank. 2010. F.I.A.S.C.O. New York: Penguin, New York: W. W. Norton.
358. Peltzman, Sam. 1975. "The Effects of Automobile Safety Regulation." Journal of Political Economy 83 (4): 677-725.
359. Peltzman, Sam. 1976. "Towards a More General Theory of Regulation." Bell Journal of Economics 19 (2): 211-240.
360. Perino, Michael. 2010. The Hellhound of Wall Street: How Ferdinand Pecora's Investigation of the Great Crash Forever Changed American Finance. New York: Penguin.
361. Petersen, Mitchell A., and Raghuram G. Rajan. 2002. "Does Distance Still Matter? The Information Revolution in Small Business Lending." Journal of Finance 57 (6): 2533-2570.
362. Pfleiderer, Paul. 2010. "On the Relevancy of Modigliani and Miller to Banking: A Parable and Some Observations." Working Paper 93. Rock Center for Corporate Governance, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
363. Plantin, Guillaume. 2012. "Shadow Banking and Bank Capital Regulation." Working paper. Toulouse School of Economics and CEPR, Toulouse, France. May 27.
364. Pozen, Robert C. 2009. Too Big to Save? How to Fix the U.S. Financial System. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons.
365. Pozsar, Zoltan, Tobias Adrian, Adam B. Ashcraft, and Haley Boeskey. 2010. "Shadow Banking." StaffReport 458. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, New York.
366. Prescott, Edward S. 2012. "Contingent Capital: The Trigger Problem." Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond Economic Quarterly 98 (1): 33-50.
367. President's Working Group on Financial Markets. 1999. "Hedge Funds, Leverage, and the Lessons of Long-Term Capital Management." http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/ fin-mkts/Documents/hedgfund.pdf. Accessed September 23, 2012.
368. Quinn, Stephen. 1997. "Goldsmith-Banking: Mutual Acceptance and Interbank Clearing in Restoration London." Explorations in Economic History 34: 432-.
369. Rajan, Raghuram G. 1992. "Insiders and Outsiders: The Choice between Informed and Arm's-LengThDebt." Journal of Finance 47 (4): 1367-1400.
370. Rajan, Raghuram G. 1994. "Why Bank Credit Policies Fluctuate: A Theory and Some Evidence." Quarterly Journal of Economics 109 (2): 399-441.
371. Rajan, Raghuram, and Luigi Zingales. 1995. "What Do We Know about Capital Structure? Evidence from International Data." Journal of Finance 50 (5): 1421-1460.
372. Rajan, Raghuram, and Luigi Zingales. 1998. "Debt Folklore and Cross-Country Differences in Financial Structure." Journal of Applied Corporate Finance 10: 107-.
373. Rajan, Uday, Amit Seru, and Vikrant Vig. 2010. "The Failure of Models to Predict Models." Working paper. University of Chicago, Chicago.
374. Reinhart, Carmen M., and Kenne ThRogoff. 2009. This Time Is Different: Eight Centuries of Financial Folly. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
375. Reinhart, Carmen M., and KenneThRogoff. 2010. "GrowThin a Time of Debt." American Economic Review 100 (2): 573-578.
376. Reiss, Peter. 1990. "Economic and Financial Determinants of Oil and Gas Exploration Activity." In Asymmetric Information, Corporate Finance and Investment, ed. R. Glenn Hubbard. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
377. Ricardo, David. 1817. "The Principles of Political Economy and Taxation." London. Full text available at http://www.econlib.org/library/Ricardo/ricP.html. Accessed October 21, 2012.
378. Riesser, Jakob. [1912] 1971. Die deutschen Großbanken und ihre Konzentration (The large banks in Germany and their concentration), 4Thed. Jena, Germany: Gustav Fischer. Reprint Glashütten, Germany: Detlev Auvermann KG.
379. Rochet, Jean Charles. 1992. "Capital Requirements and the Behaviour of Commercial Banks." European Economic Review 36: 1170-.
380. Rohatyn, Felix G. 2010. Dealings: A Political and Financial Life. New York: Simon and Schuster.
381. Rosengren, Eric S. 2010. "Dividend Policy and Capital Retention: A Systemic 'First Response.'" Speech delivered at the "Rethinking Central Banking" conference. Washington, DC. October 10.
382. Rosengren, Eric S. 2012. "Money Market Mutual Funds and Financial Stability." Speech delivered at the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta's 2012 Financial Markets Conference. April.
383. Ross, Carne. 2011. The Leaderless Revolution: How Ordinary People Can Take Power and Change Politics in the 21st Century. New York: Blue Rider.
384. Rothbard, Murray N. 2008. The Mystery of Banking, 2nd ed. Auburn, AL: Ludwig von Mises Institute.
385. Rothschild, Michael, and Joseph Stiglitz. 1976. "Equilibrium in Competitive Insurance Markets: An Essay on the Economics of Imperfect Information." Quarterly Journal of Economics 90 (4): 629-649.
386. Roubini, Nouriel, and Stephen Mihm. 2010. Crisis Economics: A Crash Course in the Future of Finance. London: Penguin.
387. Satchell, Stephen. 2011. "Stress and Scenario Testing for UK Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities: A Methodology for Loan-by-Loan Testing." MIAC Acadametrics, London. September 26.
388. Schaefer, Stephen M. 1990. "The Regulation of Banks and Securities Firms." European Economic Review 34 (2-3): 587-597.
389. Schnabel, Isabel. 2004. "The German Twin Crisis of 1931." Journal of Economic History 64: 871-.
390. Schnabel, Isabel. 2009. "The Role of Liquidity and Implicit Guarantees in the German Twin Crisis of 1931." Journal of International Money and Finance 28: 25-.
391. Schnabel, Isabel, and Hyun Song Shin. 2004. "Liquidity and Contagion: The Crisis of 1763." Journal of the European Economic Association 2: 968-.
392. Schoenmaker, Dirk. 2010. "Burden Sharing: From Theory to Practice." DSF Policy Paper 6. Duisenberg School of Finance, Amsterdam. October.
393. Schularick, Moritz, and Alan Taylor. 2012. "Credit Boom Gone Bust: Monetary Policy, Credit Cycles, and Financial Crises, 1870-2008." American Economic Review 102 (2): 1029-1061.
394. Schütz, D. 1998. Der Fall der UBS. Zürich: Weltwoche-Verlag.
395. Schwartz, Eduardo S., and Walter N. Torous. 1991. "Caps on Adjustable Rate Mortgages: Calcuation, Insurance, and Hedging." In Financial Markets and Financial Crises, ed. R. Glenn Hubbard. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 283-303.
396. Selgin, George. 2010. "Those Dishonest GoldSmiths." Mimeo. Terry College of Business, University of Georgia, Athens.
397. Sengupta, Rajdeep, and Yu Man Tam. 2008. "The Libor-OIS Spread as a Summary Indicator." Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, St. Louis, MO.
398. Shiller, Robert. 2008. The Subprime Solution: How Today's Financial Crisis Happened and What to Do about It. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
399. Shleifer, Andrei, and Robert Vishny. 1997. "A Survey of Corporate Governance." Journal of Finance 52: 783-.
400. Silva, John. 1973. An Introduction to Crime and Justice. New York: MSS Information.
401. Singh, Manmohan, and James Aitken. 2010. "The (Sizeable) Role of Rehypothecation in the Shadow Banking System." IMF discussion paper. International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC. July.
402. Sinn, Hans-Werner. 2010. Casino Capitalism: How the Financial Crisis Came About and What Needs to Be Done Now. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
403. Skeel, David A. Jr. 2010. The New Financial Deal: Understanding the Dodd-Frank Act and Its (Unintended) Consequences. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons.
404. Skeel, David A. Jr., and Thomas H. Jackson. 2012. "Transaction Consistency and the New Finance in Bankruptcy." Columbia Law Review 112: 202-.
405. Slemrod, Joel, and Jon Bakija. 2008. Taxing Ourselves: A Citizen's Guide to the Great Debate over Taxes. 4Thed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
406. Smith, Yves. 2010. ECONned: How Unenlightened Self Interest Undermined Democracy and Corrupted Capitalism. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
407. Sorkin, Andrew Ross. 2009. Too Big to Fail: The Inside Story of How Wall Street and Washington Fought to Save the Financial System-and Themselves. New York: Penguin.
408. Spence, Michael. 1973. "Job Market Signaling." Quarterly Journal of Economics 87 (3): 355-374.
409. Stanton, Thomas H. 2012. Why Some Firms Thrive while Others Fail: Governance and Management Lessons from the Crisis. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
410. Staub, Markus. 1998. "The Term Structure of Interest Rates and the Swiss Regional Bank Crisis-Empirical Evidence and Its Limits." Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics 134 (4): 655-684.
411. Stigler, George J. 1971. "The Theory of Economic Regulation." Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science 2 (Spring): 3-21.
412. Stiglitz, Joseph E. 2010. Freefall: America, Free Markets, and the Sinking of the World Economy. New York: W. W. Norton.
413. Stout, Lynn. 2012. The Shareholder Value Myth: How Putting Shareholders First Harms Investors, Corporations, and the Public. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler.
414. Strebulaev, Ilya A., and Baozhong Yang. "The Mystery of Zero-Leverage Firms." Journal of Financial Economics, forthcoming.
415. Summers, Lawrence H. 2000. "International Financial Crises: Causes, Prevention, and Cure." Richard T. Ely Lecture. American Economic Review 90 (2): 1-16.
416. Sundaresan, Suresh, and Zhenyu Wang. 2010. "Design of Contingent Capital wiThStock Price Trigger for Conversion." StaffReport 448. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, New York. April 23.
417. Taleb, Nassim N. 2001. Fooled by Randomness: The Hidden Role of Chance in the Markets and in Life. New York: W. W. Norton.
418. Taleb, Nassim N. 2010. The Black Swan, Second Edition: The Impact of the Highly Improbable, wiTha New Section: On Robustness and Fragility. New York: Random House.
419. Tarullo, Daniel K. 2008. Banking on Basel: The Future of International Financial Regulation. Washington, DC: Peter G. Peterson Institute of International Economics.
420. Tett, Gillian. 2009. Fool's Gold: How the Bold Dreams of a Small Tribe at J. P. Morgan Was Corrupted by Wall Street Greed and Unleashed a Catastrophe. New York: Free Press.
421. Thiemann, Matthias. 2012. "Out of the Shadow? Accounting for Special Purpose Entities in European Banking Systems." Competition and Change 16: 55-.
422. Thomas, Pierre-Henri. 2012. Dexia: Vie et mort d'un monstre bancaire (Dexia: Life and deaThof a banking monster). Paris: Les Petits Matins.
423. Thornton, Daniel. 1984. "Monetizing the Debt." Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Review (December): 30-43.
424. Tilly, Richard H. 1989. "Banking Institutions in Historical and Comparative Perspective: Germany, Great Britain and the United States in the NineteenThand Early TwentieThCentury." Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics 145: 249-.
425. Tobin, James. 1967. "Commercial Banks as Creators of 'Money.'" In Financial Markets and Economic Activity, ed. Donald D. Hester and James Tobin. Cowles Foundation Monograph 21. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
426. Tsatsaronis, Kostas, and Jing Yang. 2012. "Bank Stock Returns, Leverage, and the Business Cycle." BIS Quarterly Review (March): 43-59.
427. Tucker, Paul. 2012. "Shadow Banking: Thoughts for a Possible Policy Agenda." Bank of England. Speech delivered at the European Commission High-Level Conference, Brussels.
428. Turner, Adair. 2010. "What Do Banks Do? Why Do Credit Booms and Busts Occur and What Can Public Policy Do about It?" In The Future of Finance. London: London School of Economics. Chapter 1.
429. Turner, Adair. 2012. Economics after the Crisis: Objectives and Means. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
430. Turner, Adair, Andrew Haldane, and Paul Woolley. 2010. The Future of Finance. LSE Report. London: London School of Economics and Political Science.
431. UBS. 2008. "Shareholder Report on UBS's Writedowns." Zurich, April 18. https://www .static-ubs.com/global/en/about_ubs/investor_relations/agm/2008/agm2008/invagenda/ _jcr_content/par/linklist_9512/link.277481787.file/bGluay9wYXRoPS9jb250ZW50L2Rhb S91YnMvZ2xvYmFsL2Fib3V0X3Vicy9pbnZlc3Rvcl9yZWxhdGlvbnMvMTQwMzMz XzA4MDQxOFNoYXJlaG9sZGVyUmVwb3J0LnBkZg==/140333_080418Shareholder Report.pdf. Accessed October 6, 2012.
432. UBS. 2011. "Annual Report." http://www.ubs.com/global/en/about_ubs/investor_relations/ annualreporting/2011.html. Accessed October 6, 2012.
433. Ueda, Kenichi, and Beatrice Weder di Mauro. 2012. "Quantifying Structural Subsidy Values for Systemically Important Financial Institutions." IMF Working Paper 128. International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC.
434. UNDESA (United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs). 2011. The Global Social Crisis: Report on the World Social Situation 2011. United Nations publication ST/ ESA/334. New York.
435. Valukas, Anton R. 2010. Report of Anton R. Valukas, Examiner, In re Lehman Bros. Holding Inc. Chapter 11, Case No. 08-13555 (JMP). U.S. Bankruptcy Court, Southern District of New York, New York.
436. Van den Heuvel, Skander J. 2008. "The Welfare Cost of Bank Capital Requirements." Journal of Monetary Economics 55: 320-.
437. Viscusi, W. Kip, Joseph E. Harrington, and John M. Vernon. 2005. Economics of Regulation and Antitrust, 4Thed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
438. Waverman, Leonard, and Esen Sirel. 1997. "European Telecommunications Markets on the Verge of Full Liberalization." Journal of Economic Perspectives 11 (4): 113-126. doi:10.1257/jep.11.4.113.
439. Weinberg, John A. 1995. "Cycles in Lending Standards?" Economic Quarterly 81 (3): 1-18.
440. Weinstein, David, and Yishay Yafeh. 1998. "On the Costs of a Bank Centered Financial System: Evidence from the Changing Main Bank Relations in Japan." Journal of Finance 53: 672-.
441. Wheelan, Charles. 2003. Naked Economics: Understanding the Dismal Science. New York:
442. W. W. Norton. Whitaker, Stephan, and Thomas J. Fitzpatrick IV. 2012. "The Impact of Vacant, Tax- Delinquent, and Foreclosed Property on Sales Prices of Neighboring Homes." Working Paper 1123. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH.
443. White, Lawrence J. 1991. The S&L Debacle: Public Policy Lessons for Bank and ThriftRegulation. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
444. White, Lawrence J. 2004. "The Savings and Loans Debacle: A Perspective from the Early Twenty-First Century." In The Savings and Loan Crisis: Lessons from a Regulatory Failure, ed. J. Barth, S. Trimbaugh, and G. Yago. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer.
445. Wilmarth, Arthur E. Jr. 2007. "Conflicts of Interest and Corporate Governance Failures at Universal Banks during the Stock Market Boom of the 1990s: The Cases of Enron and Worldcom." In Corporate Governance in Banking: A Global Perspective, ed. Benton E. Gup. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar.
446. Wilmarth, Arthur E. Jr. 2011. "The Dodd-Frank Act: A Flawed and Inadequate Response to the Too-Big-to- Fail Problem." Oregon Law Review 89: 1057-.
447. Wilmarth, Arthur E. Jr. 2012a. "The Financial Services Industry's Misguided Quest to Undermine the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau." Public Law Research Paper 2012-4. George Washington University Law School, George Washington University, Washington, DC.
448. Wilmarth, Arthur E. Jr. 2012b. "The Dodd-Frank Act's Expansion of State Authority to Protect Consumers of Financial Services." Journal of Corporation Law 36 (4): 893-954.
449. Wilson, James Q., ed. 1980. The Politics of Regulation. New York: Basic Books.
450. Wolf, Martin. 2010. "Why and How Should We Regulate Pay in the Financial Sector?" In The Future of Finance. The LSE Report. London: London School of Economics and Political Science. Chapter 9.
451. Wuffli, Peter. 1995. "Comment on the Paper by Professor Hellwig, 'Systemic Aspects of Risk Management in Banking and Finance.'" Swiss Journal of Economics and Statistics 131: 140-.
452. Zingales, Luigi. 2012. A Capitalism for the People: Recapturing the Lost Genius of American Prosperity. New York: Basic Books.
453. Zubrow, Barry. 2011. Testimony given at a hearing before the House Financial Services Committee, Washington, DC, June 16.
454. Zuckerman, Gregory. 2009. The Greatest Trade Ever: The Behind-the-Scenes Story of How John Paulson Defied Wall Street and Made Financial History. New York: Crown Business.