메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 57, Issue 3, 2013, Pages 166-183

The Brazilian consensus for the clinical approach and treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism in adults: Recommendations of the thyroid department of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism;Consenso brasileiro para a abordagem clínica e tratamento do hipotireoidismo subclínico em adultos: Recomendações do departamento de tireoide da Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia

Author keywords

Consensus; Guidelines; Hypothyroidism; Subclinical hypothyroidism

Indexed keywords


EID: 84878057763     PISSN: 00042730     EISSN: 16779487     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1590/S0004-27302013000300003     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (42)

References (151)
  • 1
    • 9144238095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical thyroid disease: Scientific review and guidelines for diagnosis and management
    • Surks MI, Ortiz E, Daniels GH, Sawin CT, Col NF, Cobin RH, et al. Subclinical thyroid disease: scientific review and guidelines for diagnosis and management. JAMA. 2004;291:228-38.
    • (2004) JAMA. , vol.291 , pp. 228-238
    • Surks, M.I.1    Ortiz, E.2    Daniels, G.H.3    Sawin, C.T.4    Col, N.F.5    Cobin, R.H.6
  • 2
    • 84859104026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical thyroid disease
    • Cooper DS, Biondi B. Subclinical thyroid disease. Lancet. 2012;379:1142-54.
    • (2012) Lancet. , vol.379 , pp. 1142-1154
    • Cooper, D.S.1    Biondi, B.2
  • 3
    • 22044438242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical thyroid disease: Subclinical hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism
    • Romaldini JH, Sgarbi JA, Farah CS. Subclinical thyroid disease: subclinical hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2004;48:147-58.
    • (2004) Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. , vol.48 , pp. 147-158
    • Romaldini, J.H.1    Sgarbi, J.A.2    Farah, C.S.3
  • 4
    • 0036173697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum TSH, T(4), and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III)
    • Hollowell JG, Staehling NW, Flanders WD, Hannon WH, Gunter EW, Spencer CA, et al. Serum TSH, T(4), and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:489-99.
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.87 , pp. 489-499
    • Hollowell, J.G.1    Staehling, N.W.2    Flanders, W.D.3    Hannon, W.H.4    Gunter, E.W.5    Spencer, C.A.6
  • 6
    • 0026020685 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and follow up of abnormal thyrotrophin (TSH) concentrations in the elderly in the United Kingdom
    • Parle JV, Franklyn JA, Cross KW, Jones SC, Sheppard MCl. Prevalence and follow up of abnormal thyrotrophin (TSH) concentrations in the elderly in the United Kingdom. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1991;34:77-83.
    • (1991) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). , vol.34 , pp. 77-83
    • Parle, J.V.1    Franklyn, J.A.2    Cross, K.W.3    Jones, S.C.4    Sheppard, M.C.L.5
  • 9
    • 53249144513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid and the environment: Exposure to excessive nutritional iodine increases the prevalence of thyroid disorders in Sao Paulo, Brazil
    • Camargo RY, Tomimori EK, Neves SC, Rubio IG, Galrão AL, Knobel M, et al. Thyroid and the environment: exposure to excessive nutritional iodine increases the prevalence of thyroid disorders in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Eur J Endocrinol. 2008;159:293-9.
    • (2008) Eur J Endocrinol. , vol.159 , pp. 293-299
    • Camargo, R.Y.1    Tomimori, E.K.2    Neves, S.C.3    Rubio, I.G.4    Galrão, A.L.5    Knobel, M.6
  • 10
    • 77149158454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical thyroid dysfunctions are independent risk factors for mortality in a 7.5-year follow-up: The Japanese-Brazilian thyroid study
    • Sgarbi JA, Matsumura LK, Kasamatsu TS, Ferreira SR, Maciel RM. Subclinical thyroid dysfunctions are independent risk factors for mortality in a 7.5-year follow-up: the Japanese-Brazilian thyroid study. Eur J Endocrinol. 2010;162:569-77.
    • (2010) Eur J Endocrinol. , vol.162 , pp. 569-577
    • Sgarbi, J.A.1    Matsumura, L.K.2    Kasamatsu, T.S.3    Ferreira, S.R.4    McIel, R.M.5
  • 11
    • 79952024400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of thyroid disorders among older people: Results from the São Paulo Ageing & Health Study
    • Benseñor IM, Goulart AC, Lotufo PA, Menezes PR, Scazufca M. Prevalence of thyroid disorders among older people: results from the São Paulo Ageing & Health Study. Cad Saude Publica. 2011;27:155-61.
    • (2011) Cad Saude Publica. , vol.27 , pp. 155-161
    • Benseñor, I.M.1    Goulart, A.C.2    Lotufo, P.A.3    Menezes, P.R.4    Scazufca, M.5
  • 12
    • 77951640269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The incidence of ischemic heart disease and mortality in people with subclinical hypothyroidism: Reanalysis of the Whickham Survey cohort
    • Razvi S, Weaver JU, Vanderpump MP, Pearce SH. The incidence of ischemic heart disease and mortality in people with subclinical hypothyroidism: reanalysis of the Whickham Survey cohort. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95:1734-40.
    • (2010) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.95 , pp. 1734-1740
    • Razvi, S.1    Weaver, J.U.2    Vanderpump, M.P.3    Pearce, S.H.4
  • 13
    • 77956928569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of coronary heart disease and mortality. Thyroid Studies Collaboration
    • Rodondi N, den Elzen WP, Bauer DC, Cappola AR, Razvi S, Walsh JP, et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of coronary heart disease and mortality. Thyroid Studies Collaboration. JAMA. 2010;304:1365-74.
    • (2010) JAMA. , vol.304 , pp. 1365-1374
    • Rodondi, N.1    den Elzen, W.P.2    Bauer, D.C.3    Cappola, A.R.4    Razvi, S.5    Walsh, J.P.6
  • 14
    • 84870784432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical practice guidelines for hypothyroidism in adults: Cosponsored by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American Thyroid Association
    • American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American Thyroid Association Taskforce on Hypothyroidism in Adults
    • Garber JR, Cobin RH, Gharib H, Hennessey JV, Klein I, Mechanick JI, et al.; American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American Thyroid Association Taskforce on Hypothyroidism in Adults. Clinical practice guidelines for hypothyroidism in adults: cosponsored by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American Thyroid Association. Thyroid. 2012;22:1200-35.
    • (2012) Thyroid. , vol.22 , pp. 1200-1235
    • Garber, J.R.1    Cobin, R.H.2    Gharib, H.3    Hennessey, J.V.4    Klein, I.5    Mechanick, J.I.6
  • 16
    • 85172039538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associação Médica Brasileira. Disponível em URL
    • Programa Diretrizes. Associação Médica Brasileira. Disponível em URL: http://www.projetodiretrizes.amb.org.br.
    • Programa Diretrizes
  • 17
    • 0037925438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines: Laboratory Support for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Thyroid Disease
    • Baloch Z, Carayon P, Conte-Devolx B, Demers LM, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Henry JF, et al. Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines: Laboratory Support for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Thyroid Disease. Thyroid. 2003;13:57-67.
    • (2003) Thyroid. , vol.13 , pp. 57-67
    • Baloch, Z.1    Carayon, P.2    Conte-Devolx, B.3    Demers, L.M.4    Feldt-Rasmussen, U.5    Henry, J.F.6
  • 18
    • 23044475671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New reference intervals for thyrotropin and thyroid hormones based on National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry criteria and regular ultrasonography of the thyroid
    • Kratzsch J, Fiedler GM, Leichtle A, Brügel M, Buchbinder S, Otto L, et al. New reference intervals for thyrotropin and thyroid hormones based on National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry criteria and regular ultrasonography of the thyroid. Clin Chem. 2005;51:1480-6.
    • (2005) Clin Chem. , vol.51 , pp. 1480-1486
    • Kratzsch, J.1    Fiedler, G.M.2    Leichtle, A.3    Brügel, M.4    Buchbinder, S.5    Otto, L.6
  • 19
    • 78651283161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An approach for development of age-, gender-, and ethnicity-specific thyrotropin reference limits
    • Boucai L, Hollowell JG, Surks MI. An approach for development of age-, gender-, and ethnicity-specific thyrotropin reference limits. Thyroid. 2011;21:5-11.
    • (2011) Thyroid. , vol.21 , pp. 5-11
    • Boucai, L.1    Hollowell, J.G.2    Surks, M.I.3
  • 21
    • 49149106491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of age on the relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism and ischemic heart disease: A metaanalysis
    • Razvi S, Shakoor A, Vanderpump M, Weaver JU, Pearce SH. The influence of age on the relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism and ischemic heart disease: a metaanalysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93:2998-3007.
    • (2008) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.93 , pp. 2998-3007
    • Razvi, S.1    Shakoor, A.2    Vanderpump, M.3    Weaver, J.U.4    Pearce, S.H.5
  • 25
    • 34848817133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gestation-specific thyroxine and thyroid stimulating hormone levels in the United States and worldwide
    • Soldin OP, Soldin D, Sastoque M. Gestation-specific thyroxine and thyroid stimulating hormone levels in the United States and worldwide. Ther Drug Monit. 2007;29:553-9.
    • (2007) Ther Drug Monit. , vol.29 , pp. 553-559
    • Soldin, O.P.1    Soldin, D.2    Sastoque, M.3
  • 26
    • 84858590493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Periconceptional changes in thyroid function: A longitudinal study
    • doi: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-20.XX
    • Balthazar U, Steiner AZ. Periconceptional changes in thyroid function: a longitudinal study. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2012;10:20. doi: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-20.XX.
    • (2012) Reprod Biol Endocrinol. , vol.10 , pp. 20
    • Balthazar, U.1    Steiner, A.Z.2
  • 27
    • 10844230956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The reference range and within-person variability of thyroid stimulating hormone during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy
    • Haddow JE, Knight GJ, Palomaki GE, McClain MR, Pulkkinen AJ. The reference range and within-person variability of thyroid stimulating hormone during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. J Med Screen. 2004;11(4):170-4.
    • (2004) J Med Screen. , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 170-174
    • Haddow, J.E.1    Knight, G.J.2    Palomaki, G.E.3    McClain, M.R.4    Pulkkinen, A.J.5
  • 29
    • 36849075781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age-specific distribution of serum thyrotropin and antithyroid antibodies in the US population: Implications for the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism
    • Surks MI, Hollowell JG. Age-specific distribution of serum thyrotropin and antithyroid antibodies in the US population: implications for the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92:4575-82.
    • (2007) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.92 , pp. 4575-4582
    • Surks, M.I.1    Hollowell, J.G.2
  • 30
    • 0030886175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of administration of recombinant human thyrotropin with withdrawal of thyroid hormone for radioactive iodine scanning in patients with thyroid carcinoma
    • Ladenson PW, Braverman LE, Mazzaferri EL, Brucker-Davis F, Cooper DS, Garber JR, et al. Comparison of administration of recombinant human thyrotropin with withdrawal of thyroid hormone for radioactive iodine scanning in patients with thyroid carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:888-96.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med. , vol.337 , pp. 888-896
    • Ladenson, P.W.1    Braverman, L.E.2    Mazzaferri, E.L.3    Brucker-Davis, F.4    Cooper, D.S.5    Garber, J.R.6
  • 31
    • 0024537042 scopus 로고
    • Acute changes in serum thyrotrophin in treated Addison's disease
    • Ismail AA, Burr WA, Walker PL. Acute changes in serum thyrotrophin in treated Addison's disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1989;30:225-30.
    • (1989) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). , vol.30 , pp. 225-230
    • Ismail, A.A.1    Burr, W.A.2    Walker, P.L.3
  • 32
    • 0030765913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heterophilic antibodies remain a problem for the immunoassay laboratory
    • Ward G, McKinnon L, Badrick T, Hickman PE. Heterophilic antibodies remain a problem for the immunoassay laboratory. Am J Clin Pathol. 1997;108:417-21.
    • (1997) Am J Clin Pathol. , vol.108 , pp. 417-421
    • Ward, G.1    McKinnon, L.2    Badrick, T.3    Hickman, P.E.4
  • 33
    • 0037341985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The W546X mutation of the thyrotropin receptor gene: Potential major contributor to thyroid dysfunction in a Caucasian population
    • Jordan N, Williams N, Gregory JW, Evans C, Owen M, Ludgate M. The W546X mutation of the thyrotropin receptor gene: potential major contributor to thyroid dysfunction in a Caucasian population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:1002-5.
    • (2003) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.88 , pp. 1002-1005
    • Jordan, N.1    Williams, N.2    Gregory, J.W.3    Evans, C.4    Owen, M.5    Ludgate, M.6
  • 35
    • 0021215887 scopus 로고
    • The early development of transient and permanent hypothyroidism following radioiodine therapy for hyperthyroid Graves' disease
    • Peden NR, Hart IR. The early development of transient and permanent hypothyroidism following radioiodine therapy for hyperthyroid Graves' disease. Can Med Assoc J. 1984;130:1141-4.
    • (1984) Can Med Assoc J. , vol.130 , pp. 1141-1144
    • Peden, N.R.1    Hart, I.R.2
  • 36
    • 0025148287 scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal study of thyroid function in acutely ill elderly patients using a sensitive TSH assay-defer testing until recovery
    • Bhakri HL, Fisher R, Khadri A, MacMahon DG. Longitudinal study of thyroid function in acutely ill elderly patients using a sensitive TSH assay-defer testing until recovery. Gerontology. 1990;36:140-4.
    • (1990) Gerontology. , vol.36 , pp. 140-144
    • Bhakri, H.L.1    Fisher, R.2    Khadri, A.3    McMahon, D.G.4
  • 37
    • 34547179429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum thyrotropin measurements in the community: Fiveyear follow-up in a large network of primary care physicians
    • Meyerovitch J, Rotman-Pikielny P, Sherf M, Battat E, Levy Y, Surks MI. Serum thyrotropin measurements in the community: fiveyear follow-up in a large network of primary care physicians. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:1533-8.
    • (2007) Arch Intern Med. , vol.167 , pp. 1533-1538
    • Meyerovitch, J.1    Rotman-Pikielny, P.2    Sherf, M.3    Battat, E.4    Levy, Y.5    Surks, M.I.6
  • 38
    • 23044471411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous normalization of thyrotropin concentrations in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism
    • Díez JJ, Iglesias P, Burman KD. Spontaneous normalization of thyrotropin concentrations in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90:4124-7.
    • (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.90 , pp. 4124-4127
    • Díez, J.J.1    Iglesias, P.2    Burman, K.D.3
  • 39
    • 6344260221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous subclinical hypothyroidism in patients older than 55 years: An analysis of natural course and risk factors for the development of overt thyroid failure
    • Diez JJ, Iglesias P. Spontaneous subclinical hypothyroidism in patients older than 55 years: an analysis of natural course and risk factors for the development of overt thyroid failure. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:4890-7.
    • (2004) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.89 , pp. 4890-4897
    • Diez, J.J.1    Iglesias, P.2
  • 40
    • 79951968933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in thyroid function in subclinical hypothyroidism: Importance of clinical follow-up and therapy
    • Karmisholt J, Andersen S, Laurberg PA. Variation in thyroid function in subclinical hypothyroidism: importance of clinical follow-up and therapy. Eur J Endocrinol. 2011;164:317-23.
    • (2011) Eur J Endocrinol. , vol.164 , pp. 317-323
    • Karmisholt, J.1    Andersen, S.2    Laurberg, P.A.3
  • 41
    • 77749240132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyrotropin and thyroid antibodies as predictors of hypothyroidism: A 13-year, longitudinal study of a communitybased cohort using current immunoassay techniques
    • Walsh JP, Bremner AP, Feddema P, Leedman PJ, Brown SJ, O'Leary P. Thyrotropin and thyroid antibodies as predictors of hypothyroidism: a 13-year, longitudinal study of a communitybased cohort using current immunoassay techniques. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95:1095-104.
    • (2010) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.95 , pp. 1095-1104
    • Walsh, J.P.1    Bremner, A.P.2    Feddema, P.3    Leedman, P.J.4    Brown, S.J.5    O'Leary, P.6
  • 42
    • 0036316863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective study of the spontaneous course of subclinical hypothyroidism: Prognostic value of thyrotropin, thyroid reserve, and thyroid antibodies
    • Huber G, Staub JJ, Meier C, Mitrache C, Guglielmetti M, Huber P, et al. Prospective study of the spontaneous course of subclinical hypothyroidism: prognostic value of thyrotropin, thyroid reserve, and thyroid antibodies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:3221-6.
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.87 , pp. 3221-3226
    • Huber, G.1    Staub, J.J.2    Meier, C.3    Mitrache, C.4    Guglielmetti, M.5    Huber, P.6
  • 43
    • 58149242780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural history of mild subclinical hypothyroidism: Prognostic value of ultrasound
    • Rosario PW, Bessa B, Valadao MM, Purisch S. Natural history of mild subclinical hypothyroidism: prognostic value of ultrasound. Thyroid. 2009;19:9-12.
    • (2009) Thyroid. , vol.19 , pp. 9-12
    • Rosario, P.W.1    Bessa, B.2    Valadao, M.M.3    Purisch, S.4
  • 44
    • 0026036294 scopus 로고
    • Thyroid ultrasonography helps to identify patients with diffuse lymphocytic thyroiditis who are prone to develop hypothyroidism
    • Marcocci C, Vitti P, Cetani F, Catalano F, Concetti R, Pinchera A. Thyroid ultrasonography helps to identify patients with diffuse lymphocytic thyroiditis who are prone to develop hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1991;72:209-13.
    • (1991) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.72 , pp. 209-213
    • Marcocci, C.1    Vitti, P.2    Cetani, F.3    Catalano, F.4    Concetti, R.5    Pinchera, A.6
  • 45
    • 43249106435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antithyroperoxidase and antithyroglobulin antibodies in a five-year follow-up survey of populations with different iodine intakes
    • Li Y, Teng D, Shan Z, Teng X, Guan H, Yu X, et al. Antithyroperoxidase and antithyroglobulin antibodies in a five-year follow-up survey of populations with different iodine intakes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93:1751-7.
    • (2008) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.93 , pp. 1751-1757
    • Li, Y.1    Teng, D.2    Shan, Z.3    Teng, X.4    Guan, H.5    Yu, X.6
  • 48
    • 84861964918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The natural history of subclinical hypothyroidism in the elderly: The cardiovascular health study
    • Somwaru LL, Rariy CM, Arnold AM, Cappola AR. The natural history of subclinical hypothyroidism in the elderly: the cardiovascular health study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97:1962-9.
    • (2012) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.97 , pp. 1962-1969
    • Somwaru, L.L.1    Rariy, C.M.2    Arnold, A.M.3    Cappola, A.R.4
  • 49
    • 62649120534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective evaluation of the natural course of idiopathic subclinical hypothyroidism in childhood and adolescence
    • Wasniewska M, Salerno M, Cassio A, Corrias A, Aversa T, Zirilli G, et al. Prospective evaluation of the natural course of idiopathic subclinical hypothyroidism in childhood and adolescence. Eur J Endocrinol. 2009;160:417-21.
    • (2009) Eur J Endocrinol. , vol.160 , pp. 417-421
    • Wasniewska, M.1    Salerno, M.2    Cassio, A.3    Corrias, A.4    Aversa, T.5    Zirilli, G.6
  • 50
    • 0029915341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural course of subclinical hypothyroidism in children and adolescence
    • Moore DC. Natural course of subclinical hypothyroidism in children and adolescence. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1996;150:293-7.
    • (1996) Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. , vol.150 , pp. 293-297
    • Moore, D.C.1
  • 51
    • 33751440970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study group for thyroid diseases of the Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (SIEDP/ISPED). The natural history of euthyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis in children
    • Radetti G, Gottardi E, Bona G, Corrias A, Salardi A, Loche S. Study group for thyroid diseases of the Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (SIEDP/ISPED). The natural history of euthyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis in children. J Pediatr. 2006;149:827-32.
    • (2006) J Pediatr. , vol.149 , pp. 827-832
    • Radetti, G.1    Gottardi, E.2    Bona, G.3    Corrias, A.4    Salardi, A.5    Loche, S.6
  • 52
    • 84857012483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The natural history of the normal/mild elevated TSH serum levels in children and adolescents with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and isolated hyperthyrotropinaemia: A 3-year follow-up
    • Radetti G, Maselli M, Buzi F, Corrias A, Mussa A, Cambiaso P, et al. The natural history of the normal/mild elevated TSH serum levels in children and adolescents with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and isolated hyperthyrotropinaemia: a 3-year follow-up. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2012;76:394-8.
    • (2012) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). , vol.76 , pp. 394-398
    • Radetti, G.1    Maselli, M.2    Buzi, F.3    Corrias, A.4    Mussa, A.5    Cambiaso, P.6
  • 53
    • 0031057078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of tissue hypothyroidism by a new clinical score: Evaluation of patients with various grades of hypothyroidism and controls
    • Zulewski H, Müller B, Exer P, Miserez AR, Staub JJ. Estimation of tissue hypothyroidism by a new clinical score: evaluation of patients with various grades of hypothyroidism and controls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82:771-6.
    • (1997) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.82 , pp. 771-776
    • Zulewski, H.1    Müller, B.2    Exer, P.3    Miserez, A.R.4    Staub, J.J.5
  • 54
    • 33947218001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Well-being, health-related quality of life and cardiovascular disease risk profile in women with subclinical thyroid disease-a community-based study
    • Bell RJ, Rivera-Woll L, Davison SL, Topliss DJ, Donath S, Davis SR. Well-being, health-related quality of life and cardiovascular disease risk profile in women with subclinical thyroid disease-a community-based study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2007;66:548-56.
    • (2007) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). , vol.66 , pp. 548-556
    • Bell, R.J.1    Rivera-Woll, L.2    Davison, S.L.3    Topliss, D.J.4    Donath, S.5    Davis, S.R.6
  • 56
    • 58149214230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid function abnormalities and cognitive impairment in elderly people: Results of the Invecchiare in Chianti study
    • Ceresini G, Lauretani F, Maggio M, Ceda GP, Morganti S, Usberti E, et al. Thyroid function abnormalities and cognitive impairment in elderly people: results of the Invecchiare in Chianti study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009;57:89-93.
    • (2009) J Am Geriatr Soc. , vol.57 , pp. 89-93
    • Ceresini, G.1    Lauretani, F.2    Maggio, M.3    Ceda, G.P.4    Morganti, S.5    Usberti, E.6
  • 57
    • 33750739770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is subclinical thyroid dysfunction in the elderly associated with depression or cognitive dysfunction?
    • Roberts LM, Pattison H, Roalfe A, Franklyn J, Wilson S, Hobbs FD, et al. Is subclinical thyroid dysfunction in the elderly associated with depression or cognitive dysfunction? Ann Intern Med. 2006;145:573-81.
    • (2006) Ann Intern Med. , vol.145 , pp. 573-581
    • Roberts, L.M.1    Pattison, H.2    Roalfe, A.3    Franklyn, J.4    Wilson, S.5    Hobbs, F.D.6
  • 58
    • 80053549537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endogenous subclinical thyroid disorders, physical and cognitive function, depression, and mortality in older individuals
    • de Jongh RT, Lips P, van Schoor NM, Rijs KJ, Deeg DJ, Comijs HC, et al. Endogenous subclinical thyroid disorders, physical and cognitive function, depression, and mortality in older individuals. Eur J Endocrinol. 2011;165:545-54.
    • (2011) Eur J Endocrinol. , vol.165 , pp. 545-554
    • de Jongh, R.T.1    Lips, P.2    van Schoor, N.M.3    Rijs, K.J.4    Deeg, D.J.5    Comijs, H.C.6
  • 61
    • 84856800207 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update in lipid alterations in subclinical hypothyroidism
    • Pearce A. Update in lipid alterations in subclinical hypothyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97:326-33.
    • (2012) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.97 , pp. 326-333
    • Pearce, A.1
  • 62
    • 0034651789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical hypothyroidism is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in elderly women: The Rotterdam Study
    • Hak AE, Pols HA, Visser TJ, Drexhage HA, Hofman A, Witteman JC, et al. Subclinical hypothyroidism is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in elderly women: the Rotterdam Study. Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:270-8.
    • (2000) Ann Intern Med. , vol.132 , pp. 270-278
    • Hak, A.E.1    Pols, H.A.2    Visser, T.J.3    Drexhage, H.A.4    Hofman, A.5    Witteman, J.C.6
  • 63
    • 4243058285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of hypercholesterolemia
    • Hueston WJ, Pearson WS. Subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of hypercholesterolemia. Ann Fam Med. 2004;2:351-5.
    • (2004) Ann Fam Med. , vol.2 , pp. 351-355
    • Hueston, W.J.1    Pearson, W.S.2
  • 64
    • 0034488210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low density lipoprotein cholesterol in subclinical hypothyroidism
    • Vierhapper H, Nardi A, Grosser P, Raber W, Gessl A. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol in subclinical hypothyroidism. Thyroid. 2000;10:981-4.
    • (2000) Thyroid. , vol.10 , pp. 981-984
    • Vierhapper, H.1    Nardi, A.2    Grosser, P.3    Raber, W.4    Gessl, A.5
  • 65
    • 0037041385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between thyroid dysfunction and total cholesterol level in an older biracial population. The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study
    • Kanaya AM, Harris F, Volpato S, Perez-Stable EJ, Harris T, Bauer DC. Association between thyroid dysfunction and total cholesterol level in an older biracial population. The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162:773-9.
    • (2002) Arch Intern Med. , vol.162 , pp. 773-779
    • Kanaya, A.M.1    Harris, F.2    Volpato, S.3    Perez-Stable, E.J.4    Harris, T.5    Bauer, D.C.6
  • 67
    • 33745173079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum lipid levels in relation to serum thyroid-stimulating hormone and the effect of thyroxine treatment on serum lipid levels in subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism: The Tromso Study
    • Iqbal A, Jorde R, Figenschau Y. Serum lipid levels in relation to serum thyroid-stimulating hormone and the effect of thyroxine treatment on serum lipid levels in subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism: The Tromso Study. J Int Med. 2006;260:53-61.
    • (2006) J Int Med. , vol.260 , pp. 53-61
    • Iqbal, A.1    Jorde, R.2    Figenschau, Y.3
  • 68
    • 79251621005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between serum thyrotropin and components of metabolic syndrome
    • Lai Y, Wang J, Jiang F, Wang B, Chen Y, Li M, et al. The relationship between serum thyrotropin and components of metabolic syndrome. Endocr J. 2011;58:23-30.
    • (2011) Endocr J. , vol.58 , pp. 23-30
    • Lai, Y.1    Wang, J.2    Jiang, F.3    Wang, B.4    Chen, Y.5    Li, M.6
  • 69
    • 0034267608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of thyroxine therapy on serum lipoproteins in patients with mild thyroid failure: A quantitative review of the literature
    • Danese MD, Ladenson PW, Meinert CL, Powe NR. Effect of thyroxine therapy on serum lipoproteins in patients with mild thyroid failure: a quantitative review of the literature. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85:2993-3001.
    • (2000) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.85 , pp. 2993-3001
    • Danese, M.D.1    Ladenson, P.W.2    Meinert, C.L.3    Powe, N.R.4
  • 71
    • 0029166518 scopus 로고
    • Impaired action of thyroid hormone associated with smoking in women with hypothyroidism
    • Muller B, Zulewski H, Huber P, Ratcliffe JG, Staub JJ. Impaired action of thyroid hormone associated with smoking in women with hypothyroidism. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:964-9.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med. , vol.333 , pp. 964-969
    • Muller, B.1    Zulewski, H.2    Huber, P.3    Ratcliffe, J.G.4    Staub, J.J.5
  • 72
    • 0035044676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between thyrotropin and low density lipoprotein cholesterol is modified by insulin sensitivity in healthy euthyroid subjects
    • Bakker SJ, terMaaten JC, Popp-Snijders C, Slaets JP, Heine RJ, Gans RO. The relationship between thyrotropin and low density lipoprotein cholesterol is modified by insulin sensitivity in healthy euthyroid subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86:1206-11.
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.86 , pp. 1206-1211
    • Bakker, S.J.1    terMaaten, J.C.2    Popp-Snijders, C.3    Slaets, J.P.4    Heine, R.J.5    Gans, R.O.6
  • 73
    • 24344436332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions among thyroid function, insulin sensitivity, and serum lipid concentrations: The Fremantle diabetes study
    • Chubb SA, Davis WA, Davis TM. Interactions among thyroid function, insulin sensitivity, and serum lipid concentrations: the Fremantle diabetes study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90:5317-20.
    • (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.90 , pp. 5317-5320
    • Chubb, S.A.1    Davis, W.A.2    Davis, T.M.3
  • 75
    • 33947511989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between TSH within the reference range and serum lipid concentrations in a population-based study. The HUNT study
    • Asvold BO, Vatten LJ, Nilsen TIL, Bjoro T. The association between TSH within the reference range and serum lipid concentrations in a population-based study. The HUNT study. Eur J Endocrinol. 2007;156:181-6.
    • (2007) Eur J Endocrinol. , vol.156 , pp. 181-186
    • Asvold, B.O.1    Vatten, L.J.2    Nilsen, T.I.L.3    Bjoro, T.4
  • 76
    • 23744445796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid hormone action in the heart
    • Kahaly GJ, Dillmann WH. Thyroid hormone action in the heart. Endocr Rev. 2005;26:704-28.
    • (2005) Endocr Rev. , vol.26 , pp. 704-728
    • Kahaly, G.J.1    Dillmann, W.H.2
  • 77
    • 0034040305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyrotropin regulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate production in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells
    • Sellitti DF, Dennison D, Akamizu T, Doi SQ, Kohn LD, Koshiyama H. Thyrotropin regulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate production in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells. Thyroid. 2000;10:219-25.
    • (2000) Thyroid. , vol.10 , pp. 219-225
    • Sellitti, D.F.1    Dennison, D.2    Akamizu, T.3    Doi, S.Q.4    Kohn, L.D.5    Koshiyama, H.6
  • 78
    • 0038506971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyrotropin stimulates production of procoagulant and vasodilative factors in human aortic endothelial cells
    • Donnini D, Ambesi-Impiombato FS, Curcio F. Thyrotropin stimulates production of procoagulant and vasodilative factors in human aortic endothelial cells. Thyroid. 2003;13:517-21.
    • (2003) Thyroid. , vol.13 , pp. 517-521
    • Donnini, D.1    Ambesi-Impiombato, F.S.2    Curcio, F.3
  • 79
    • 33749575290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recombinant human thyrotropin reduces endotheliumdependent vasodilation in patients monitored for differentiated thyroid carcinoma
    • Dardano A, Ghiadoni L, Plantinga Y, Caraccio N, Bemi A, Duranti E, et al. Recombinant human thyrotropin reduces endotheliumdependent vasodilation in patients monitored for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:4175-8.
    • (2006) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.91 , pp. 4175-4178
    • Dardano, A.1    Ghiadoni, L.2    Plantinga, Y.3    Caraccio, N.4    Bemi, A.5    Duranti, E.6
  • 80
    • 0030875234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Flow-mediated, endothelium-dependent vasodilation is impaired in subjects with hypothyroidism, borderline hypothyroidism, and high-normal serum thyrotropin (TSH) values
    • Lekakis J, Papamichael C, Alevizaki M, Piperingos G, Marafelia P, Mantzos J, et al. Flow-mediated, endothelium-dependent vasodilation is impaired in subjects with hypothyroidism, borderline hypothyroidism, and high-normal serum thyrotropin (TSH) values. Thyroid. 1997;7:411-4.
    • (1997) Thyroid. , vol.7 , pp. 411-414
    • Lekakis, J.1    Papamichael, C.2    Alevizaki, M.3    Piperingos, G.4    Marafelia, P.5    Mantzos, J.6
  • 81
    • 4143106943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of endothelial function in subclinical hypothyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism
    • Cikim AS, Oflaz H, Ozbey N, Cikim K, Umman S, Meric M, et al. Evaluation of endothelial function in subclinical hypothyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism. Thyroid. 2004;14:605-9.
    • (2004) Thyroid. , vol.14 , pp. 605-609
    • Cikim, A.S.1    Oflaz, H.2    Ozbey, N.3    Cikim, K.4    Umman, S.5    Meric, M.6
  • 82
    • 0041883173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in subclinical hypothyroidism: Beneficial effect of levothyroxine therapy
    • Taddei S, Caraccio N, Virdis A, Dardano A, Versari D, Ghiadoni L, et al. Impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in subclinical hypothyroidism: beneficial effect of levothyroxine therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:3731-7.
    • (2003) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.88 , pp. 3731-3737
    • Taddei, S.1    Caraccio, N.2    Virdis, A.3    Dardano, A.4    Versari, D.5    Ghiadoni, L.6
  • 83
    • 34249854618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The beneficial effect of L-thyroxine on cardiovascular risk factors, endothelial function and quality of life in subclinical hypothyroidism: Randomized, crossover trial
    • Razvi S, Ingoe L, Keeka G, Oates C, McMillan C, Weaver JU. The beneficial effect of L-thyroxine on cardiovascular risk factors, endothelial function and quality of life in subclinical hypothyroidism: randomized, crossover trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92:1715-23.
    • (2007) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.92 , pp. 1715-1723
    • Razvi, S.1    Ingoe, L.2    Keeka, G.3    Oates, C.4    McMillan, C.5    Weaver, J.U.6
  • 84
    • 84857814977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coronary vasoreactivity in subjects with thyroid autoimmunity and subclinical hypothyroidism before and after supplementation with thyroxine
    • Traub-Weidinger T, Graf S, Beheshti M, Ofluoglu S, Zettinig G, Khorsand A, et al. Coronary vasoreactivity in subjects with thyroid autoimmunity and subclinical hypothyroidism before and after supplementation with thyroxine. Thyroid. 2012;22:245-51.
    • (2012) Thyroid. , vol.22 , pp. 245-251
    • Traub-Weidinger, T.1    Graf, S.2    Beheshti, M.3    Ofluoglu, S.4    Zettinig, G.5    Khorsand, A.6
  • 86
    • 0036736834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Left ventricular myocardial impairment in subclinical hypothyroidism assessed by a new ultrasound tool: Pulsed tissue Doppler
    • Vitale G, Galderisi M, Lupoli GA, Celentano A, Pietropaolo I, Parenti N, et al. Left ventricular myocardial impairment in subclinical hypothyroidism assessed by a new ultrasound tool: pulsed tissue Doppler. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:4350-5.
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.87 , pp. 4350-4355
    • Vitale, G.1    Galderisi, M.2    Lupoli, G.A.3    Celentano, A.4    Pietropaolo, I.5    Parenti, N.6
  • 87
    • 0035052790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of levothyroxine on cardiac function and structure in subclinical hypothyroidism: A double blind, placebo-controlled study
    • Monzani F, Di Bello V, Caraccio N, Bertini A, Giorgi D, Giusti C, et al. Effect of levothyroxine on cardiac function and structure in subclinical hypothyroidism: a double blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86:1110-5.
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.86 , pp. 1110-1115
    • Monzani, F.1    Di Bello, V.2    Caraccio, N.3    Bertini, A.4    Giorgi, D.5    Giusti, C.6
  • 88
    • 2942519733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of thyroxin therapy on cardiac function in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism: Index of myocardial performance in the evaluation of left ventricular function
    • Yazici M, Gorgulu S, Sertbas Y, Erbilen E, Albayrak S, Yildiz O, et al. Effects of thyroxin therapy on cardiac function in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism: index of myocardial performance in the evaluation of left ventricular function. Int J Cardiol. 2004;95:135-43.
    • (2004) Int J Cardiol. , vol.95 , pp. 135-143
    • Yazici, M.1    Gorgulu, S.2    Sertbas, Y.3    Erbilen, E.4    Albayrak, S.5    Yildiz, O.6
  • 90
  • 91
    • 84864038824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of left ventricular systolic asynchrony in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism
    • Ozturk S, Alcelik A, Ozyasar M, Dikbas O, Ayhan S, Ozlu F, et al. Evaluation of left ventricular systolic asynchrony in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. Cardiol J. 2012;19:374-80.
    • (2012) Cardiol J. , vol.19 , pp. 374-380
    • Ozturk, S.1    Alcelik, A.2    Ozyasar, M.3    Dikbas, O.4    Ayhan, S.5    Ozlu, F.6
  • 93
    • 77952326892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid function and left ventricular structure and function in the Framingham Heart Study
    • Pearce EN, Yang Q, Benjamin EJ, Aragam J, Vasan RS. Thyroid function and left ventricular structure and function in the Framingham Heart Study. Thyroid. 2010;20:369-73.
    • (2010) Thyroid. , vol.20 , pp. 369-373
    • Pearce, E.N.1    Yang, Q.2    Benjamin, E.J.3    Aragam, J.4    Vasan, R.S.5
  • 96
    • 84865514368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid Studies Collaboration. Subclinical thyroid dysfunction and the risk of heart failure events: An individual participant data analysis from 6 prospective cohorts
    • Gencer B, Collet TH, Virgini V, Bauer DC, Gussekloo J, Cappola AR, et al. Thyroid Studies Collaboration. Subclinical thyroid dysfunction and the risk of heart failure events: an individual participant data analysis from 6 prospective cohorts. Circulation. 2012;126:1040-9.
    • (2012) Circulation. , vol.126 , pp. 1040-1049
    • Gencer, B.1    Collet, T.H.2    Virgini, V.3    Bauer, D.C.4    Gussekloo, J.5    Cappola, A.R.6
  • 97
    • 51849157522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical thyroid dysfunction, cardiac function, and the risk of heart failure. The Cardiovascular Health Study
    • Rodondi N, Bauer DC, Cappola AR, Cornuz J, Robbins J, Fried LP, et al. Subclinical thyroid dysfunction, cardiac function, and the risk of heart failure. The Cardiovascular Health Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;52:1152-9.
    • (2008) J Am Coll Cardiol. , vol.52 , pp. 1152-1159
    • Rodondi, N.1    Bauer, D.C.2    Cappola, A.R.3    Cornuz, J.4    Robbins, J.5    Fried, L.P.6
  • 98
    • 84873668111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Persistent subclinical hypothyroidism and cardiovascular risk in the elderly: The cardiovascular health study
    • Hyland KA, Arnold AM, Lee JS, Cappola AR. Persistent subclinical hypothyroidism and cardiovascular risk in the elderly: the cardiovascular health study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(2):533-40.
    • (2013) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.98 , Issue.2 , pp. 533-540
    • Hyland, K.A.1    Arnold, A.M.2    Lee, J.S.3    Cappola, A.R.4
  • 103
    • 34547190240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between increased mortality and mild thyroid dysfunction in cardiac patients
    • Iervasi G, Molinaro S, Landi P, Taddei MC, Galli E, Mariani F, et al. Association between increased mortality and mild thyroid dysfunction in cardiac patients. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:1526-32.
    • (2007) Arch Intern Med. , vol.167 , pp. 1526-1532
    • Iervasi, G.1    Molinaro, S.2    Landi, P.3    Taddei, M.C.4    Galli, E.5    Mariani, F.6
  • 104
  • 106
    • 79961190302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypothyroidism and moderate subclinical hypothyroidism are associated with increased all-cause mortality independent of coronary heart disease risk factors: A PreCIS database study
    • McQuade C, Skugor M, Brennan DM, Hoar B, Stevenson C, Hoogwerf BJ. Hypothyroidism and moderate subclinical hypothyroidism are associated with increased all-cause mortality independent of coronary heart disease risk factors: a PreCIS database study. Thyroid. 2011;21:837-43.
    • (2011) Thyroid. , vol.21 , pp. 837-843
    • McQuade, C.1    Skugor, M.2    Brennan, D.M.3    Hoar, B.4    Stevenson, C.5    Hoogwerf, B.J.6
  • 107
    • 84869058634 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid function and the risk of coronary heart disease: 12-year follow-up of the HUNT Study in Norway
    • Asvold BO, Bjøro T, Platou C, Vatten LJ. Thyroid function and the risk of coronary heart disease: 12-year follow-up of the HUNT Study in Norway. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2012;77:911-7.
    • (2012) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). , vol.77 , pp. 911-917
    • Asvold, B.O.1    Bjøro, T.2    Platou, C.3    Vatten, L.J.4
  • 108
    • 39149116328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The clinical significance of subclinical thyroid dysfunction
    • Biondi B, Cooper DS. The clinical significance of subclinical thyroid dysfunction. Endocr Rev. 2008;29:76-131.
    • (2008) Endocr Rev. , vol.29 , pp. 76-131
    • Biondi, B.1    Cooper, D.S.2
  • 109
    • 33745924975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of coronary heart disease: A meta-analysis
    • Rodondi N, Aujesky D, Vittinghoff E, Cornuz J, Bauer DC. Subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis. Am J Med. 2006;119:541-51.
    • (2006) Am J Med. , vol.119 , pp. 541-551
    • Rodondi, N.1    Aujesky, D.2    Vittinghoff, E.3    Cornuz, J.4    Bauer, D.C.5
  • 110
    • 34447134913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review: The association of thyroid dysfunction with all-cause and circulatory mortality: Is there a causal relationship?
    • Volzke H, Schwahn C, Wallaschofski H, Dorr M. Review: The association of thyroid dysfunction with all-cause and circulatory mortality: is there a causal relationship? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92:2421-9.
    • (2007) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.92 , pp. 2421-2429
    • Volzke, H.1    Schwahn, C.2    Wallaschofski, H.3    Dorr, M.4
  • 111
    • 39749152205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of subclinical thyroid disorders on coronary heart disease, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality: A meta-analysis
    • Singh S, Duggal J, Molnar J, Maldonado F, Barsano CP, Arora R. Impact of subclinical thyroid disorders on coronary heart disease, cardiovascular and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol. 2008;125:41-8.
    • (2008) Int J Cardiol. , vol.125 , pp. 41-48
    • Singh, S.1    Duggal, J.2    Molnar, J.3    Maldonado, F.4    Barsano, C.P.5    Arora, R.6
  • 112
    • 44649194447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis: Subclinical thyroid dysfunction and the risk for coronary heart disease and mortality
    • Ochs N, Auer R, Bauer DC, Nanchen D, Gussekloo J, Cornuz J, et al. Meta-analysis: subclinical thyroid dysfunction and the risk for coronary heart disease and mortality. Ann Intern Med. 2008;148:832-45.
    • (2008) Ann Intern Med. , vol.148 , pp. 832-845
    • Ochs, N.1    Auer, R.2    Bauer, D.C.3    Nanchen, D.4    Gussekloo, J.5    Cornuz, J.6
  • 113
    • 0021141412 scopus 로고
    • L-thyroxine therapy in subclinical hypothyroidism. A doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Cooper DS, Halpern R, Wood LC, Levin AA, Ridgway EC. L-thyroxine therapy in subclinical hypothyroidism. A doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 1984;101:18-24.
    • (1984) Ann Intern Med. , vol.101 , pp. 18-24
    • Cooper, D.S.1    Halpern, R.2    Wood, L.C.3    Levin, A.A.4    Ridgway, E.C.5
  • 115
    • 0030463420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does treatment with L-thyroxine influence health status in middle-aged and older adults with subclinical hypothyroidism?
    • Jaeschke R, Guyatt G, Gerstein H, Patterson C, Molloy W, Cook D, et al. Does treatment with L-thyroxine influence health status in middle-aged and older adults with subclinical hypothyroidism? J Gen Intern Med. 1996;11:744-9.
    • (1996) J Gen Intern Med. , vol.11 , pp. 744-749
    • Jaeschke, R.1    Guyatt, G.2    Gerstein, H.3    Patterson, C.4    Molloy, W.5    Cook, D.6
  • 116
    • 3042826239 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive and affective status in mild hypothyroidism and interactions with L-thyroxine treatment
    • Bono G, Fancellu R, Blandini F, Santoro G, Mauri M. Cognitive and affective status in mild hypothyroidism and interactions with L-thyroxine treatment. Acta Neurol Scand. 2004;110:59-66.
    • (2004) Acta Neurol Scand. , vol.110 , pp. 59-66
    • Bono, G.1    Fancellu, R.2    Blandini, F.3    Santoro, G.4    Mauri, M.5
  • 118
    • 0036532255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 6-month randomized trial of thyroxine treatment in women with mild subclinical hypothyroidism
    • Kong WM, Sheikh MH, Lumb PJ, Naoumova RP, Freedman DB, Crook M, et al. A 6-month randomized trial of thyroxine treatment in women with mild subclinical hypothyroidism. Am J Med. 2002;112:348-54.
    • (2002) Am J Med. , vol.112 , pp. 348-354
    • Kong, W.M.1    Sheikh, M.H.2    Lumb, P.J.3    Naoumova, R.P.4    Freedman, D.B.5    Crook, M.6
  • 119
    • 30344448863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropsychological function and symptoms in subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism and the effect of thyroxine treatment
    • Jorde R, Waterloo K, Storhaug H, Nyrnes A, Sundsfjord J, Jenssen TG. Neuropsychological function and symptoms in subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism and the effect of thyroxine treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:145-53.
    • (2006) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.91 , pp. 145-153
    • Jorde, R.1    Waterloo, K.2    Storhaug, H.3    Nyrnes, A.4    Sundsfjord, J.5    Jenssen, T.G.6
  • 120
    • 77955394243 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized controlled trial of the effect of thyroxine replacement on cognitive function in community-living elderly subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism: The Birmingham Elderly Thyroid study
    • Parle J, Roberts L, Wilson S, Pattison H, Roalfe A, Haque MS, et al. A randomized controlled trial of the effect of thyroxine replacement on cognitive function in community-living elderly subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism: the Birmingham Elderly Thyroid study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95:3623-32.
    • (2010) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.95 , pp. 3623-3632
    • Parle, J.1    Roberts, L.2    Wilson, S.3    Pattison, H.4    Roalfe, A.5    Haque, M.S.6
  • 121
    • 17944382933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TSH-controlled L-thyroxine therapy reduces cholesterol levels and clinical symptoms in subclinical hypothyroidism: A double blind, placebo-controlled trial (Basel Thyroid Study)
    • Meier C, Staub JJ, Roth CB, Guglielmetti M, Kunz M, Miserez AR, et al. TSH-controlled L-thyroxine therapy reduces cholesterol levels and clinical symptoms in subclinical hypothyroidism: a double blind, placebo-controlled trial (Basel Thyroid Study). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86:4860-6.
    • (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.86 , pp. 4860-4866
    • Meier, C.1    Staub, J.J.2    Roth, C.B.3    Guglielmetti, M.4    Kunz, M.5    Miserez, A.R.6
  • 122
    • 0036283615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipoprotein profile in subclinical hypothyroidism: Response to levothyroxine replacement, a randomized placebo-controlled study
    • Caraccio N, Ferranini E, Monzani F. Lipoprotein profile in subclinical hypothyroidism: response to levothyroxine replacement, a randomized placebo-controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:1533-8.
    • (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.87 , pp. 1533-1538
    • Caraccio, N.1    Ferranini, E.2    Monzani, F.3
  • 123
    • 2442442844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of levothyroxine replacement on lipid profile and intima-media thickness in subclinical hypothyroidism: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study
    • Monzani F, Caraccio N, Kozàkowà M, Dardano A, Vittone F, Virdis A, et al. Effect of levothyroxine replacement on lipid profile and intima-media thickness in subclinical hypothyroidism: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:2099-106.
    • (2004) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.89 , pp. 2099-2106
    • Monzani, F.1    Caraccio, N.2    Kozàkowà, M.3    Dardano, A.4    Vittone, F.5    Virdis, A.6
  • 124
    • 67650302288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of 18 months of L-T4 replacement in women with subclinical hypothyroidism
    • Adrees M, Gibney J, El-Saeity N, Boran G. Effects of 18 months of L-T4 replacement in women with subclinical hypothyroidism. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2009;71:298-303.
    • (2009) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). , vol.71 , pp. 298-303
    • Adrees, M.1    Gibney, J.2    El-Saeity, N.3    Boran, G.4
  • 125
    • 38849095297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism reduces atherogenic lipid levels in a placebocontrolled double-blind clinical trial
    • Teixeira PF, Reuters VS, Ferreira MM. Treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism reduces atherogenic lipid levels in a placebocontrolled double-blind clinical trial. Horm Metab Res. 2008;40:50-5.
    • (2008) Horm Metab Res. , vol.40 , pp. 50-55
    • Teixeira, P.F.1    Reuters, V.S.2    Ferreira, M.M.3
  • 127
    • 0038075479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of left ventricular diastolic function by radionuclide ventriculography at rest and exercise in subclinical hypothyroidism, and its response to L-thyroxine therapy
    • Brenta G, Mutti LA, Schnitman M, Fretes O, Perrone A, Matute ML. Assessment of left ventricular diastolic function by radionuclide ventriculography at rest and exercise in subclinical hypothyroidism, and its response to L-thyroxine therapy. Am J Cardiol. 2003;91:1327-30.
    • (2003) Am J Cardiol. , vol.91 , pp. 1327-1330
    • Brenta, G.1    Mutti, L.A.2    Schnitman, M.3    Fretes, O.4    Perrone, A.5    Matute, M.L.6
  • 128
    • 0029999554 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac systolic and diastolic function at rest and exercise in subclinical hypothyroidism: Effect of thyroid hormone therapy
    • Arem R, Rokey R, Kiefe C, Escalante DA, Rodriguez A. Cardiac systolic and diastolic function at rest and exercise in subclinical hypothyroidism: effect of thyroid hormone therapy. Thyroid. 1996;6:397-402.
    • (1996) Thyroid. , vol.6 , pp. 397-402
    • Arem, R.1    Rokey, R.2    Kiefe, C.3    Escalante, D.A.4    Rodriguez, A.5
  • 130
    • 84861715746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levothyroxine treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism, fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, and mortality
    • Razvi S, Weaver JU, Butler TJ, Pearce SH. Levothyroxine treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism, fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, and mortality. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172(10):811-7.
    • (2012) Arch Intern Med. , vol.172 , Issue.10 , pp. 811-817
    • Razvi, S.1    Weaver, J.U.2    Butler, T.J.3    Pearce, S.H.4
  • 132
    • 84878050144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How good is the levothyroxine replacement in primary hypothyroidism patients in Brazil?-Data of a multicentre study
    • Jan 14. [Epub ahead of print] PMID:23324400
    • Vaisman F, Coeli CM, Ward LS, Graf H, Carvalho G, Montenegro R Jr, et al. How good is the levothyroxine replacement in primary hypothyroidism patients in Brazil?-Data of a multicentre study. J Endocrinol Invest. 2013 Jan 14. [Epub ahead of print] PMID:23324400
    • (2013) J Endocrinol Invest
    • Vaisman, F.1    Coeli, C.M.2    Ward, L.S.3    Graf, H.4    Carvalho, G.5    Montenegro Jr., R.6
  • 133
    • 84861665780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid Studies Collaboration. Subclinical hyperthyroidism and the risk of coronary heart disease and mortality
    • Collet TH, Gussekloo J, Bauer DC, den Elzen WP, Cappola AR, Balmer P, et al. Thyroid Studies Collaboration. Subclinical hyperthyroidism and the risk of coronary heart disease and mortality. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172:799-809.
    • (2012) Arch Intern Med. , vol.172 , pp. 799-809
    • Collet, T.H.1    Gussekloo, J.2    Bauer, D.C.3    den Elzen, W.P.4    Cappola, A.R.5    Balmer, P.6
  • 134
    • 0027997922 scopus 로고
    • Low serum thyrotropin concentrations as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation in older persons
    • Sawin CT, Geller A, Wolf PA, Belanger AJ, Baker E, Bacharach P, et al. Low serum thyrotropin concentrations as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation in older persons. N Engl J Med. 1994;331:1249-52.
    • (1994) N Engl J Med. , vol.331 , pp. 1249-1252
    • Sawin, C.T.1    Geller, A.2    Wolf, P.A.3    Belanger, A.J.4    Baker, E.5    Bacharach, P.6
  • 135
    • 0028296041 scopus 로고
    • Changes in bone mass during prolonged subclinical hyperthyroidism due to L-thyroxine treatment: A metaanalysis
    • Faber J, Galløe AM. Changes in bone mass during prolonged subclinical hyperthyroidism due to L-thyroxine treatment: a metaanalysis. Eur J Endocrinol. 1994;130:350-6.
    • (1994) Eur J Endocrinol. , vol.130 , pp. 350-356
    • Faber, J.1    Galløe, A.M.2
  • 136
    • 80053181984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Thyroid Association Task Force on Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy and Postpartum. Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and postpartum
    • Stagnaro-Green A, Abalovich M, Alexander E, Azizi F, Mestman J, Negro R, et al. American Thyroid Association Task Force on Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy and Postpartum. Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and postpartum. Thyroid. 2011;21:1081-125.
    • (2011) Thyroid. , vol.21 , pp. 1081-1125
    • Stagnaro-Green, A.1    Abalovich, M.2    Alexander, E.3    Azizi, F.4    Mestman, J.5    Negro, R.6
  • 137
    • 35548943604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of maternal thyroid function during pregnancy: The importance of using gestational age-specific reference intervals
    • Stricker R, Echenard M, Eberhart R, Chevailler MC, Perez V, Quinn FA, et al. Evaluation of maternal thyroid function during pregnancy: the importance of using gestational age-specific reference intervals. Eur J Endocrinol. 2007;157:509-14.
    • (2007) Eur J Endocrinol. , vol.157 , pp. 509-514
    • Stricker, R.1    Echenard, M.2    Eberhart, R.3    Chevailler, M.C.4    Perez, V.5    Quinn, F.A.6
  • 140
    • 66149090685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher maternal TSH levels in pregnancy are associated with increased risk for miscarriage, fetal or neonatal death
    • Benhadi N, Wiersinga WM, Reitsma JB, Vrijkotte TG, Bonsel GJ. Higher maternal TSH levels in pregnancy are associated with increased risk for miscarriage, fetal or neonatal death. Eur J Endocrinol. 2009;160:985-91.
    • (2009) Eur J Endocrinol. , vol.160 , pp. 985-991
    • Benhadi, N.1    Wiersinga, W.M.2    Reitsma, J.B.3    Vrijkotte, T.G.4    Bonsel, G.J.5
  • 146
    • 0033071741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low maternal free thyroxine concentrations during early pregnancy are associated with impaired psychomotor development in infancy
    • Pop VJ, Kuijpens JL, van Baar AL, Verkerk G, van Son MM, de Vijlder JJ, et al. Low maternal free thyroxine concentrations during early pregnancy are associated with impaired psychomotor development in infancy. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1999;50:149-55.
    • (1999) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). , vol.50 , pp. 149-155
    • Pop, V.J.1    Kuijpens, J.L.2    van Baar, A.L.3    Verkerk, G.4    van Son, M.M.5    de Vijlder, J.J.6
  • 147
    • 0033584469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal thyroid deficiency during pregnancy and subsequent neuropsychological development of the child
    • Haddow JE, Palomaki GE, Allan WC, Williams JR, Knight GJ, Gagnon J, et al. Maternal thyroid deficiency during pregnancy and subsequent neuropsychological development of the child. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:549-55.
    • (1999) N Engl J Med. , vol.341 , pp. 549-555
    • Haddow, J.E.1    Palomaki, G.E.2    Allan, W.C.3    Williams, J.R.4    Knight, G.J.5    Gagnon, J.6
  • 149
    • 34848922435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 381: Subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy. Committee on Patient Safety and Quality Improvement; Committee on Professional Liability
    • ACOG Committee Opinion No
    • ACOG Committee Opinion No. 381: Subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy. Committee on Patient Safety and Quality Improvement; Committee on Professional Liability. Obstet Gynecol. 2007;110:959-60.
    • (2007) Obstet Gynecol. , vol.110 , pp. 959-960
  • 150
    • 33846042786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of thyroid dysfunction in early pregnancy: Universal screening or targeted high-risk case finding?
    • Vaidya B, Anthony S, Bilous M, Shields B, Drury J, Hutchison S, et al. Detection of thyroid dysfunction in early pregnancy: universal screening or targeted high-risk case finding? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92:203-7.
    • (2007) J Clin Endocrinol Metab. , vol.92 , pp. 203-207
    • Vaidya, B.1    Anthony, S.2    Bilous, M.3    Shields, B.4    Drury, J.5    Hutchison, S.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.