Functional and structural aging of the speech sensorimotor neural system: functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence

Neurobiology of Aging

Volumn 34, Issue 8, 2013, Pages

  Tremblay, Pascale ^a   Dick, Anthony S ^b   Small, Steven L ^c  

^a CENTRE DE RECHERCHE DE L INSTITUT UNIVERSITAIRE EN SANTÉ MENTALE DE QUÉBEC   (Canada)

^b FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Brain reserve capacity; Gray matter volume; Language; MRI; Normal aging; Speech perception; Speech production; Surface based cortical thickness

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGING; ARTICLE; AUDITORY CORTEX; BRAIN DEPTH STIMULATION; BRAIN REGION; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; FUNCTIONAL NEUROIMAGING; HEARING TEST; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; NEUROANATOMY; NORMAL HUMAN; PREMOTOR CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SENSORIMOTOR CORTEX; SPEECH PERCEPTION; SUPERIOR TEMPORAL SULCUS;

EID: 84877611056     PISSN: 01974580     EISSN: 15581497     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.02.004     Document Type: Article

References (136)

1. Alario F.X., Chainay H., Lehericy S., Cohen L. The role of the supplementary motor area (SMA) in word production. Brain Res. 2006, 1076:129-143.
2. Allen J.S., Bruss J., Brown C.K., Damasio H. Normal neuroanatomical variation due to age: the major lobes and a parcellation of the temporal region. Neurobiol. Aging 2005, 26:1245-1260. discussion 1279-1282.
3. Alpiner J.G. Rehabilitation concepts with the cochlear implant. Otolaryngol. Clin. North Am. 1986, 19:259-265.
4. Argall B.D., Saad Z.S., Beauchamp M.S. Simplified intersubject averaging on the cortical surface using SUMA. Hum. Brain Map. 2006, 27:14-27.
5. Baker K.K., Ramig L.O., Sapir S., Luschei E.S., Smith M.E. Control of vocal loudness in young and old adults. J. Speech Lang Hear. Res. 2001, 44:297-305.
6. Baron R.M., Kenny D.A. The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 1986, 51:1173-1182.
7. Berkowitz A.L., Ansari D. Expertise-related deactivation of the right temporoparietal junction during musical improvisation. Neuroimage 2010, 49:712-719.
8. Binnie C.A., Montgomery A.A., Jackson P.L. Auditory and visual contributions to the perception of consonants. J. Speech Hear. Res. 1974, 17:619-630.
9. Bohland J.W., Guenther F.H. An fMRI investigation of syllable sequence production. Neuroimage 2006, 32:821-841.
10. Bopp K.L., Verhaeghen P. Aging and verbal memory span: a meta-analysis. J. Gerontol. B Psychol. Sci. Soc. Sci. 2005, 60:P223-P233.
11. Burnett T.A., Freedland M.B., Larson C.R., Hain T.C. Voice F0 responses to manipulations in pitch feedback. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1998, 103:3153-3161.
12. Cabeza R. Cognitive neuroscience of aging: contributions of functional neuroimaging. Scand. J. Psychol. 2001, 42:277-286.
13. Cabeza R., Anderson N.D., Locantore J.K., McIntosh A.R. Aging gracefully: compensatory brain activity in high-performing older adults. NeuroImage 2002, 17:1394-1402.
14. Callan A.M., Callan D.E., Tajima K., Akahane-Yamada R. Neural processes involved with perception of non-native durational contrasts. Neuroreport 2006, 17:1353-1357.
15. Callan D., Callan A., Gamez M., Sato M.A., Kawato M. Premotor cortex mediates perceptual performance. Neuroimage 2010, 51:844-858.
16. Callan D.E., Tsytsarev V., Hanakawa T., Callan A.M., Katsuhara M., Fukuyama H., Turner R. Song and speech: brain regions involved with perception and covert production. Neuroimage 2006, 31:1327-1342.
17. Carmichael O.T., Kuller L.H., Lopez O.L., Thompson P.M., Dutton R.A., Lu A., Becker J.T. Ventricular volume and dementia progression in the Cardiovascular Health Study. Neurobiol. Aging 2007, 28:389-397.
18. Colebatch J.G., Deiber M.P., Passingham R.E., Friston K.J., Frackowiak R.S. Regional cerebral blood flow during voluntary arm and hand movements in human subjects. J. Neurophysiol. 1991, 65:1392-1401.
19. Cooper J.C., Gates G.A. Hearing in the elderly-the Framingham cohort, 1983-1985: Part II. Prevalence of central auditory processing disorders. Ear. Hear. 1991, 12:304-311.
20. Cox R.W. AFNI: software for analysis and visualization of functional magnetic resonance neuroimages. Comput. Biomed. Res. 1996, 29:162-173.
21. D'Ausilio A., Pulvermüller F., Salmas P., Bufalari I., Begliomini C., Fadiga L. The motor somatotopy of speech perception. Curr. Biol. 2009, 19:381-385.
22. D'Esposito M., Deouell L.Y., Gazzaley A. Alterations in the BOLD fMRI signal with ageing and disease: a challenge for neuroimaging. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2003, 4:863-872.
23. D'Esposito M., Jagust W.J., Gazzaley A. Methodological and conceptual issues in the study of the aging brain. Imaging the Aging Brain 2009, 11-25. Oxford University Press, Oxford. W.J. Jagust, M. D'Esposito (Eds.).
24. Dale A.M., Fischl B., Sereno M.I. Cortical surface-based analysis: I. Segmentation and surface reconstruction. NeuroImage 1999, 9:179-194.
25. Decoster W., Debruyne F. The ageing voice: changes in fundamental frequency, waveform stability and spectrum. Acta Otorhinolaryngol. Belg. 1997, 51:105-112.
26. Dekaban A.S. Changes in brain weights during the span of human life: relation of brain weights to body heights and body weights. Ann. Neurol. 1978, 4:345-356.
27. Desai R., Liebenthal E., Possing E.T., Waldron E., Binder J.R. Volumetric vs surface-based alignment for localization of auditory cortex activation. NeuroImage 2005, 26:1019-1029.
28. Dick A.S., Solodkin A., Small S.L. Neural development of networks for audiovisual speech comprehension. Brain Lang. 2010, 114:101-114.
29. Dickstein D.L., Miorrison J.H., Hof P.R. The neuropathology of aging. Imaging the Aging Brain 2009, 27-40. Oxford University Press, Oxford. W.J. Jagust, M. D'Esposito (Eds.).
30. Drachman D.A. Aging of the brain, entropy, and Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2006, 67:1340-1352.
31. Duchin S.W., Mysak E.D. Disfluency and rate characteristics of young adult, middle-aged, and older males. J. Commun. Disord. 1987, 20:245-257.
32. Fischl B., Dale A.M. Measuring the thickness of the human cerebral cortex from magnetic resonance images. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000, 97:11050-11055.
33. Fischl B., Sereno M.I., Dale A.M. Cortical surface-based analysis: II: Inflation, flattening, and a surface-based coordinate system. NeuroImage 1999, 9:195-207.
34. Fischl B., van der Kouwe A., Destrieux C., Halgren E., Segonne F., Salat D.H., Dale A.M. Automatically parcellating the human cerebral cortex. Cerebral Cortex 2004, 14:11-22.
35. Fjell A.M., Walhovd K.B., Fennema-Notestine C., McEvoy L.K., Hagler D.J., Holland D., Dale A.M. One-year brain atrophy evident in healthy aging. J. Neurosci. 2009, 29:15223-15231.
36. Folstein M.F., Folstein S.E., McHugh P.R. " Mini-Mental State" . A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J. Psychiatr. Res. 1975, 12:189-198.
37. Forman S.D., Cohen J.D., Fitzgerald M., Eddy W.F., Mintun M.A., Noll D.C. Improved assessment of significant activation in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI): use of a cluster-size threshold. Magn. Reson. Med. 1995, 33:636-647.
38. Fox M.D., Snyder A.Z., Vincent J.L., Corbetta M., Van Essen D.C., Raichle M.E. The human brain is intrinsically organized into dynamic, anticorrelated functional networks. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A 2005, 102:9673-9678.
39. Fozo M.S., Watson B.C. Task complexity effect on vocal reaction time in aged speakers. J. Voice 1998, 12:404-414.
40. Frisina D.R., Frisina R.D. Speech recognition in noise and presbycusis: relations to possible neural mechanisms. Hear. Res. 1997, 106:95-104.
41. Gates G.A., Mills J.H. Presbycusis. Lancet 2005, 366:1111-1120.
42. Gazzaley A.H., D'Esposito M. BOLD functional MRI and cognitive aging. Cognitive Neuroscience of Aging: Linking Cognitive and Cerebral Aging 2005, 107-131. Oxford University Press, Oxford. R. Cabeza, L. Nyberg, D. Park (Eds.).
43. Gilaie-Dotan S., Harel A., Bentin S., Kanai R., Rees G. Neuroanatomical correlates of visual car expertise. NeuroImage 2012, 62:147-153.
44. Giorgio A., Santelli L., Tomassini V., Bosnell R., Smith S., De Stefano N., Johansen-Berg H. Age-related changes in gray and white matter structure throughout adulthood. NeuroImage 2010, 51:943-951.
45. Gould J., Lane H., Vick J., Perkell J.S., Matthies M.L., Zandipour M. Changes in speech intelligibility of postlingually deaf adults after cochlear implantation. Ear Hear. 2001, 22:453-460.
46. Grabski K., Lamalle L., Vilain C., Schwartz J.L., Vallee N., Tropres I., Sato M. Functional MRI assessment of orofacial articulators: neural correlates of lip, jaw, larynx, and tongue movements. Hum. Brain Mapp. 2012, 33:2306-2321.
47. Grady C.L. Compensatory reorganization of brain networks in older adults. Imaging the Aging Brain 2009, 105-113. Oxford University Press, Oxford. W.J. Jagust, M. D'Esposito (Eds.).
48. Grill-Spector K., Knouf N., Kanwisher N. The fusiform face area subserves face perception, not generic within-category identification. Nat. Neurosci. 2004, 7:555-562.
49. Han X., Jovicich J., Salat D., van der Kouwe A., Quinn B., Czanner S., Fischl B. Reliability of MRI-derived measurements of human cerebral cortical thickness: the effects of field strength, scanner upgrade and manufacturer. NeuroImage 2006, 32:180-194.
50. Harkrider A.W., Plyler P.N., Hedrick M.S. Effects of age and spectral shaping on perception and neural representation of stop consonant stimuli. Clin. Neurophysiol. 2005, 116:2153-2164.
51. Hartman D.E., Danahuer J.L. Perceptual features of speech for males in four perceived age decades. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1976, 59:713-715.
52. Heuninckx S., Wenderoth N., Swinnen S.P. Systems neuroplasticity in the aging brain: recruiting additional neural resources for successful motor performance in elderly persons. J. Neurosci. 2008, 28:91-99.
53. Hickok G. The functional neuroanatomy of language. Phys. Life Rev. 2009, 6:121-143.
54. Hickok G., Buchsbaum B., Humphries C., Muftuler T. Auditory-motor interaction revealed by fMRI: speech, music, and working memory in area Spt. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 2003, 15:673-682.
55. Hickok G., Poeppel D. The cortical organization of speech processing. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2007, 8:393-402.
56. Ho K.C., Roessmann U., Straumfjord J.V., Monroe G. Analysis of brain weight. I. Adult brain weight in relation to sex, race, and age. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 1980, 104:635-639.
57. Houde J.F., Jordan M.I. Sensorimotor adaptation in speech production. Science 1998, 279:1213-1216.
58. Huang J., Carr T.H., Cao Y. Comparing cortical activations for silent and overt speech using event-related fMRI. Hum. Brain. Mapp. 2002, 15:39-53.
59. Johnstone T., Ores Walsh K.S., Greischar L.L., Alexander A.L., Fox A.S., Davidson R.J., Oakes T.R. Motion correction and the use of motion covariates in multiple-subject fMRI analysis. Hum. Brain Map. 2006, 27:779-788.
60. Jones J.A., Munhall K.G. Perceptual calibration of F0 production: evidence from feedback perturbation. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 2000, 108:1246-1251.
61. Kanwisher N., McDermott J., Chun M.M. The fusiform face area: a module in human extrastriate cortex specialized for face perception. J. Neurosci. 1997, 17:4302-4311.
62. Katzman R., Terry R., DeTeresa R., Brown T., Davies P., Fuld P., Peck A. Clinical, pathological, and neurochemical changes in dementia: a subgroup with preserved mental status and numerous neocortical plaques. Ann. Neurol. 1988, 23:138-144.
63. Law M. Participation in the occupations of everyday life. Am. J. Occup. Ther. 2002, 56:640-649.
64. Liberman A.M., Cooper F.S., Shankweiler D.P., Studdert-Kennedy M. Perception of the speech code. Psychol. Rev. 1967, 74:431-461.
65. Liberman A.M., Mattingly I.G. The motor theory of speech perception revised. Cognition 1985, 21:1-36.
66. Linville S.E. The sound of senescence. J. Voice 1996, 10:190-200.
67. Luppino G., Rizzolatti G. The organization of the frontal motor cortex. News Views 2000, 15:219-224.
68. MacKinnon D.P., Fairchild A.J., Fritz M.S. Mediation analysis. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 2007, 58:593-614.
69. MacLeod A., Summerfield Q. Quantifying the contribution of vision to speech perception in noise. Br. J. Audiol. 1987, 21:131-141.
70. Matthies M.L., Svirsky M.A., Lane H.L., Perkell J.S. A preliminary study of the effects of cochlear implants on the production of sibilants. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1994, 96:1367-1373.
71. Morris R., Brown W.S. Age-related voice measures among adult women. J. Voice 1987, 1:43.
72. Mueller P.B. The aging voice. Semin. Speech Lang. 1997, 18:159-168. quiz 168-159.
73. Nasir S.M., Ostry D.J. Speech motor learning in profoundly deaf adults. Nat. Neurosci. 2008, 11:1217-1222.
74. Nichols T., Brett M., Andersson J., Wager T., Poline J.B. Valid conjunction inference with the minimum statistic. Neuroimage 2005, 25:653-660.
75. Nilsson M., Soli S.D., Sullivan J.A. Development of the hearing in noise test for the measurement of speech reception thresholds in quiet and in noise. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1994, 95:1085-1099.
76. Nyberg L., Forkstam C., Petersson K.M., Cabeza R., Ingvar M. Brain imaging of human memory systems: between-systems similarities and within-system differences. Brain Res. Cogn. Brain Res. 2002, 13:281-292.
77. Nyberg L., Salami A., Andersson M., Eriksson J., Kalpouzos G., Kauppi K., Nilsson L.G. Longitudinal evidence for diminished frontal cortex function in aging. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A 2010, 107:22682-22686.
78. Okada K., Smith K.R., Humphries C., Hickok G. Word length modulates neural activity in auditory cortex during covert object naming. Neuroreport 2003, 14:2323-2326.
79. Oldfield R.C. The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia 1971, 9:97-113.
80. Pa J., Hickok G. A parietal-temporal sensory-motor integration area for the human vocal tract: evidence from an fMRI study of skilled musicians. Neuropsychologia 2008, 46:362-368.
81. Peelle J.E., Troiani V., Grossman M., Wingfield A. Hearing loss in older adults affects neural systems supporting speech comprehension. J. Neurosci. 2011, 31:12638-12643.
82. Perkell J., Lane H., Svirsky M., Webster J. Speech of cochlear implant patients: a longitudinal study of vowel production. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1992, 91:2961-2978.
83. Petrini K., Pollick F.E., Dahl S., McAleer P., McKay L.S., Rocchesso D., Puce A. Action expertise reduces brain activity for audiovisual matching actions: an fMRI study with expert drummers. NeuroImage 2011, 56:1480-1492.
84. Plath P. Speech recognition in the elderly. Acta Otolaryngol. 1991, 476(Suppl.):127-130.
85. Plomp R., Mimpen A.M. Speech-reception threshold for sentences as a function of age and noise level. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1979, 66:1333-1342.
86. Preacher K.J., Hayes A.F. SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behav. Res. Methods Instrum. Comput. 2004, 36:717-731.
87. Preacher K.J., Hayes A.F. Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behav. Res. Methods 2008, 40:879-891.
88. Puce A., Syngeniotis A., Thompson J.C., Abbott D.F., Wheaton K.J., Castiello U. The human temporal lobe integrates facial form and motion: evidence from fMRI and ERP studies. NeuroImage 2003, 19:861-869.
89. Pulvermüller F., Huss M., Kherif F., Moscoso del Prado Martin F., Hauk O., Shtyrov Y. Motor cortex maps articulatory features of speech sounds. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A 2006, 103:7865-7870.
90. Radloff L.S. The CES-D Scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl. Psychol. Measure 1977, 1:385-401.
91. Ramig L.A. Effects of physiological aging on speaking and reading rates. J. Commun. Disord. 1983, 16:217-226.
92. Ramig L.A. Effects of physiological aging on vowel spectral noise. J. Gerontol. 1983, 38:223-225.
93. Raz N., Gunning-Dixon F.M., Head D., Dupuis J.H., Acker J.D. Neuroanatomical correlates of cognitive aging: evidence from structural magnetic resonance imaging. Neuropsychology 1998, 12:95-114.
94. Raz N., Kennedy K.M. A systems approach to the aging brain: neuroanatomic changes, thir modifiers, and cognitive correlates. Imaging the Aging Brain 2009, 43-70. Oxford University Press, Oxford. W.J. Jagust, M. D'Esposito (Eds.).
95. Ries P.W. Prevalence and characteristics of persons with hearing trouble: United States, 1990-91. Vital Health Stat. 1994, 188:1-75.
96. Rizzolatti G., Luppino G., Matelli M. The organization of the cortical motor system: new concepts. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 1998, 106:283-296.
97. Rossion B., Hanseeuw B., Dricot L. Defining face perception areas in the human brain: a large-scale factorial fMRI face localizer analysis. Brain Cogn. 2012, 79:138-157.
98. Ryan W.J., Burk K.W. Perceptual and acoustic correlates of aging in the speech of males. J. Commun. Disord. 1974, 7:181-192.
99. Satz P. Brain reserve capacity on symptom onset after brain injury: a formulation and review of evidence for threshold theory. Neuropsychology 1993, 7:273-295.
100. Schwartz J., Basirat A., Ménard L., Sato M. The Perception-for-Action-Control Theory (PACT): a perceptuo-motor theory of speech perception. J. Neurolinguistics 2012, 25:336-354.
101. Sheppard J.P., Wang J.P., Wong P.C. Large-scale cortical functional organization and speech perception across the lifespan. PLoS ONE 2011, 6:e16510.
102. Shrout P.E., Bolger N. Mediation in experimental and nonexperimental studies: new procedures and recommendations. Psychol. Methods 2002, 7:422-445.
103. Skullerud K. Variations in the size of the human brain. Influence of age, sex, body length, body mass index, alcoholism, Alzheimer changes, and cerebral atherosclerosis. Acta Neurol. Scand. (Suppl.) 1985, 102:1-94.
104. Sommers M.S., Tye-Murray N., Spehar B. Auditory-visual speech perception and auditory-visual enhancement in normal-hearing younger and older adults. Ear Hear. 2005, 26:263-275.
105. Soros P., Bose A., Sokoloff L.G., Graham S.J., Stuss D.T. Age-related changes in the functional neuroanatomy of overt speech production. Neurobiol. Aging 2011, 32:1505-1513.
106. Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1988, 83:859-895. Speech understanding and aging. Working Group on Speech Understanding and Aging. Committee on Hearing, Bioacoustics, and Biomechanics.
107. Steffener J., Stern Y. Exploring the neural basis of cognitive reserve in aging. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2012, 1822:467-473.
108. Stern Y. What is cognitive reserve? Theory and research application of the reserve concept. J. Int. Neuropsychol. Soc. 2002, 8:448-460.
109. Stern Y. The concept of cognitive reserve: a catalyst for research. J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. 2003, 25:589-593.
110. Strouse A., Ashmead D.H., Ohde R.N., Grantham D.W. Temporal processing in the aging auditory system. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1998, 104:2385-2399.
111. Summerfield Q. Use of visual information for phonetic perception. Phonetica 1979, 36:314-331.
112. Szenkovits G., Peelle J.E., Norris D., Davis M.H. Individual differences in premotor and motor recruitment during speech perception. Neuropsychologia 2012, 50:1380-1392.
113. Takeda S., Matsuzawa T. Brain atrophy during aging: a quantitative study using computed tomography. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. 1984, 32:520-524.
114. Takeda S., Matsuzawa T., Ito H. Atrophy of gray and white matters in the brain during aging: a quantitative study with computed tomography. Sci. Rep. Res. Inst. Tohoku Univ. Med. 1984, 31:38-41.
115. Tatsumi I.F., Fushimi T., Sadato N., Kawashima R., Yokoyama E., Kanno I., Senda M. Verb generation in Japanese-A multicenter PET activation study. NeuroImage 1999, 9:154-164.
116. Tremblay K.L., Piskosz M., Souza P. Aging alters the neural representation of speech cues. Neuroreport 2002, 13:1865-1870.
117. Tremblay P., Baroni M., Hasson U. Processing of speech and non-speech sounds in the supratemporal plane: auditory input preference does not predict sensitivity to statistical structure. NeuroImage 2012, 66C:318-332.
118. Tremblay P., Deschamps I., Gracco V.L. Regional heterogeneity in the processing and the production of speech in the human planum temporale. Cortex 2013, 49:143-157.
119. Tremblay P., Gracco V.L. Contribution of the frontal lobe to externally and internally specified verbal responses: fMRI evidence. NeuroImage 2006, 33:947-957.
120. Tremblay P., Gracco V.L. Contribution of the pre-SMA to the production of words and non-speech oral motor gestures, as revealed by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). Brain Res. 2009, 1268:112-124.
121. Tremblay P., Gracco V.L. On the selection of words and oral motor responses: evidence of a response-independent fronto-parietal network. Cortex 2010, 46:15-28.
122. Tremblay P., Small S.L. From language comprehension to action understanding and back again. Cerebral Cortex 2011, 21:1166-1177.
123. Tremblay P., Small S.L. Motor response selection in overt sentence production: a functional MRI study. Front. Psychol. 2011, 2:253.
124. Tremblay P., Small S.L. On the context-dependent nature of the contribution of the ventral premotor cortex to speech perception. NeuroImage 2011, 57:1561-1571.
125. Tremblay S., Shiller D.M., Ostry D.J. Somatosensory basis of speech production. Nature 2003, 423:866-869.
126. Walhovd K.B., Fjell A.M., Reinvang I., Lundervold A., Dale A.M., Eilertsen D.E., Fischl B. Effects of age on volumes of cortex, white matter and subcortical structures. Neurobiol. Aging 2005, 26:1261-1270. discussion 1275-1268.
127. Wei G., Zhang Y., Jiang T., Luo J. Increased cortical thickness in sports experts: a comparison of diving players with the controls. PLoS ONE 2011, 6:e17112.
128. Wiesmann M., Ishai A. Expertise reduces neural cost but does not modulate repetition suppression. Cogn. Neurosci. 2011, 2:57-65.
129. Wilson S.M., Saygin A.P., Sereno M.I., Iacoboni M. Listening to speech activates motor areas involved in speech production. Nature Neurosci. 2004, 7:701-702.
130. Winneke A.H., Phillips N.A. Does audiovisual speech offer a fountain of youth for old ears? An event-related brain potential study of age differences in audiovisual speech perception. Psychol. Aging 2011, 26:427-438.
131. Wise R.J., Scott S.K., Blank S.C., Mummery C.J., Murphy K., Warburton E.A. Separate neural subsystems within 'Wernicke's area'. Brain 2001, 124:83-95.
132. Wong P.C., Ettlinger M., Sheppard J.P., Gunasekera G.M., Dhar S. Neuroanatomical characteristics and speech perception in noise in older adults. Ear Hear. 2010, 31:471-479.
133. Wong P.C., Jin J.X., Gunasekera G.M., Abel R., Lee E.R., Dhar S. Aging and cortical mechanisms of speech perception in noise. Neuropsychologia 2009, 47:693-703.
134. Woollett K., Glensman J., Maguire E.A. Non-spatial expertise and hippocampal gray matter volume in humans. Hippocampus 2008, 18:981-984.
135. Yamaura H., Ito M., Kubota K., Matsuzawa T. Brain atrophy during aging: a quantitative study with computed tomography. J. Gerontol. 1980, 35:492-498.
136. Yovel G., Kanwisher N. Face perception: domain specific, not process specific. Neuron 2004, 44:889-898.