Phytochemical and pharmacological studies in genus Berberis

Phytochemistry Reviews

Volumn 11, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 523-542

  Bhardwaj, Daya ^a   Kaushik, Nutan ^b  

^a TERI UNIVERSITY   (India)

^b THE ENERGY AND RESOURCES INSTITUTE   (India)

Author keywords

Barberry; Berberis; Pharmacological; Phytochemical; Traditional medicine

Indexed keywords

3 O PALMITINE; ALKALOID; ANTHOCYANIN; APORPHINE; BENZYLISOQUINOLINE; BERBAMINE; BERBERINE; CAROTENE; CAROTENOID; COLUMBAMINE; FLAVONOID; HANULTARIN; HERBACEOUS AGENT; ISOQUINOLINE; JATRORRHIZINE; LIGNAN; LIPID; LIRIODENDRIN; LYONIRESINOL; OXYACANTHINE; PALMATINE; PLANT EXTRACT; PROTEIN; PROTOBERBERINE; PROTOPINE; STEROL; TERPENOID; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; VITAMIN;

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE ACTIVITY; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; AYURVEDA; BARK; BERBERIS; BERBERIS ARISTATA; BERBERIS ASIATICA; BERBERIS CANADENSIS; BERBERIS CHITRIA; BERBERIS CONGESTIFLORA; BERBERIS DENSIFLORA; BERBERIS HOLSTII; BERBERIS INTEGERRIMA; BERBERIS KOREANA; BERBERIS LYCEUM; BERBERIS NUMMULARIA; BERBERIS OBLONGA; BERBERIS PACHYCANTHA; BERBERIS RAWATII; BERBERIS TABIENSIS; BERBERIS THUNBERGII; BERBERIS TURCOMANICA; BERBERIS VALDIVIANA; BERBERIS VULGARIS; BERBERIS WALLICHIANA; DRUG ACTIVITY; DRUG INDICATION; FLOWER; FRUIT; GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION; HERBAL MEDICINE; HOMEOPATHY; HUMAN; INDIA; ISOLATION PROCEDURE; LIVER PROTECTION; MEDICINAL PLANT; NONHUMAN; PHYTOCHEMISTRY; PLANT LEAF; PLANT STEM; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY CONTROL; REVIEW; STANDARDIZATION;

BERBERIS;

EID: 84876293554     PISSN: 15687767     EISSN: 1572980X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11101-013-9272-x     Document Type: Review

References (146)

1. Adikay S, Koganti B, Kvsrg P (2010) Effect of decoction of root bark of Berberis aristata against cisplatin- induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2(3):51-56
2. Ahamad J, Mir SR, Naquvi KJ (2012) Hypoglycemic activity of aqueous extract of Berberis aristata stems bark in STZ-induced rats. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 4(2):473-474
3. Ahmad M, Alamgeer ST (2009) A potential adjunct to insulin: Berberis lycium Royle. Diabetol Croat 38(1):13-18
4. Ahmed B, Masoodi MH, Khan S (2008) Pachycanthine: a new isoquinoline alkaloid and its antihepatotoxic activity from Berberis pachyacantha Koehne. Indian J Chem B 47(6):945-951
5. Andola HC, Rawal RS, Bhatt ID (2008) Antioxidants in fruits and roots of Berberis asiatica Rox. ex. DC: a highly valued Himalayan plant. Natl Acad Sc Lett 31(11-12):337-340
6. Andola HC, Gaira KS, Rawal RS, Muniyari MS, Bhatt ID (2010a) Habitat dependent variations in berberine content of Berberis asiatica Roxb.ex. DC in Kumaon Western Himalaya. Chem Biodivers 7:415-420
7. Andola HC, Rawal RS, Rawat MSM, Bhatt ID, Purohit VK (2010b) Variations of berberine contents in Berberis pseudumbellata: a high value medicinal shrub of West Himalaya. India Med Plants 2(2):111-115
8. Andola HC, Rawal RS, Rawat MSM, Bhatt ID, Purohit VK (2010c) Analysis of berberine content using HPTLC fingerprinting of root and bark of three Himalayan Berberis Species. Asian J Biotechnol 2(4):239-245
9. Andola HC, Rawal RS, Bhatt ID (2011) Comparative studies on the nutritive and anti-nutritive properties of fruits in selected Berberis species of West Himalaya India. Food Res Int 44(7):2352-2356
10. Anis KV, Rajeshkumar NV, Kuttan R (2001) Inhibition of chemical carcinogenesis by berberine in rats and mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 53(5):65-67
11. Anonymous (1985) The wealth of India, vol 1. Publications and Information Directorate CSIR, New Delhi, pp 176-179
12. Anonymous (1988) The wealth of India, a dictionary of Indian Raw Materials, vol 2 (B). Publications and Information Directorate CSIR, New Delhi, pp 114-118
13. Bashir S, Gilani AH, Siddiqui AA, Pervez S, Khan SR, Sarfaraz NJ, Shah AJ (2010) Berberis vulgaris root bark extract prevents hyperoxaluria induced urolithiasis in rats. Phytother Res 24(8):1250-1255
14. Bentley R, Trimen H (1992) Medicinal plants, vol I. Asiatic Publishing House, Delhi, India, pp 1-69
15. Bhutada P, Mundhada Y, Bansod K, Dixit P, Umathe S, Mundhada D (2010) Anticonvulsant activity of berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid in mice. Epilepsy Behav 18:207-210
16. Campisi A, Acquaviva R, Mastrojeni S, Raciti G, Vanella A, De Pasquale R, Puglisi S, Iauk L (2011) Effect of berberine and Berberis aetnensis C. Presl. alkaloid extract on glutamate-evoked tissue transglutaminase up-regulation in astroglial cell cultures. Phytother Res 25(6):816-820
17. Chand N, Durrani FR, Ahmad S, Khan A (2011) Immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective role of feed-added Berberis lycium in broiler chicks. J Sci Food Agric 91(10):1737-1745
18. Chandra P, Purohit AN (1980) Berberine contents and alkaloids profile of Berberis species from different altitudes. Biochem Syst Ecol 8:379-380
19. Chatterjee A (2005) The treatise on Indian medicinal plants, vol 1. NISCAIR, CSIR Publication, Delhi, India, Satyesh Chandra Pakrashi
20. Chauhan NS (2006) Medicinal and aromatic plants of Himachal Pradesh, 2nd edn. Indus Publishing Company, India, pp 36-37
21. Dehar N, Walia R, Ratol S (2012) Potentiation of thiopentone sodium induced hypnosis by Berberis aristata in rodents. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 5(1):131-133
22. Del Carpio Jiménez C, Serrano Flores C, He J, Tian Q, Schwartz SJ, Giusti MM (2011) Characterisation and preliminary bioactivity determination of Berberis boliviana Lechler fruit anthocyanins. Food Chem 128(3):717-724
23. Demir H (2010) Screening of the antioxidative and antimicrobial properties of the various extracts Berberis vulgaris L (Barberry) leaves from Turkish flora. J Chem Pharm Sci 3(4):198-202
24. Dev S (2006) A selection of prime ayurvedic plants drugs- ancient- modern concordance. Anamaya Publishers, New Delhi
25. Di DL, Liu YW, Ma ZG, Jiang SX (2003) Determination of four alkaloids in Berberis plants by HPLC. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 28(12):1132-1134
26. Duraiswamy B, Abraham M, Saritha GS, Nanjan MJ, Suresh B (2002) Studies on the antimicrobial potential of Berberis tinctoria Lesch root and root bark. Indian J Pharm Sci 64(6):586-588
27. 4-induced toxicity in rats. Trauma Monthly, 16(3): 169-173
28. Fajardo V, Araya M, Cuadra P, Oyarzun A, Gallardo A, Cueto M, Diaz-Marrero AR, Daria J, Villarroel L, Alvarez C, Mora-Perez Y, Joseph-Nathan P (2009) Pronuciferine N-oxide, a proaporphine N-oxide alkaloid from Berberis coletioides. J Nat Prod 72(7):1355-1356
29. Falco MR, De Varies JX, De Brovetto AG, Maccio Z, Rebuffo M (1968) Two new alkaloids from Berberis laurina Billb (1). Tetrahedron Lett 16:1953-1959
30. Fariba S, Ziaei SA, Sima N, Mehrdad R, Mohammad K (2010) Neuroprotective effect of aqueous extract of Berberis vulgaris in a model of Parkinson's disease in rat. J Med Plants 9(36):24-33
31. Faskhutdinov MF, Karimov A, Levkovich MG, Abdullaev ND, Shakirov R (1997) Berberis alkaloids.XXXV. The structure of Nummularine. Chem Nat Compd 33(1):70-72
32. Fatehi M, Saleh TM, Fatehi-Hassanabad Z, Farrokhfal K, Jafarzadeh M, Davodi SA (2005) Pharmacological study on Berberis vulgaris fruit extract. J Ethnopharmacol 102(1):46-52
33. Freile M, Giannini F, Sortino M, Zamora M, Juarez A, Zacchino S, Enriz D (2006) Antifungal activity of aqueous extracts and of berberine isolated from Berberis heterophylla. Acta Farm Bonaerense 25(1):83-88
34. Ghosh VK, Nagore DH, Patil MJ, Prakash A (2010) Development and validation of a method for densitometric analysis of berberine in herbal extract and polyherbal formulation. Med Princ Pract 19(6):473-478
35. 4 induced hepatotoxicity. Phytother Res 9(7):489-494
36. Gilani AH, Janbaz KH, Aziz N, Herzig MJU, Kazmi MM, Choudhary MI, Herzig JW (1999) Possible mechanism of selective inotropic activity of the n-butanolic fraction from Berberis aristata fruit. Gen Pharmacol 33(5):407-414
37. Gorval LM, Grishkovets VL (1999) Alkaloids of some species of the genus Berberis introduced into the Crimea. Chem Nat Compd 35(2):223-224
38. Gulfraz M, Qadir G, Nosheen F, Parveen Z (2007) Antihyperglycemic effects of Berberis lyceum Royle in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Diabetol Croat 36(3):49-54
39. Gulsoy S, Ozkan G, Ozkan K (2011) Mineral elements, phenolics and organic acids of leaves and fruits from Berberis crataegina DC. Asian J Chem 23(7):3071-3074
40. Gupta AK, Tandon N (eds) (2004) Reviews on Indian Medicinal Plants, vol 4, ICMR, Delhi, India
41. Gupta AK, Tandon N, Sharma M (eds) (2005) Quality standards of Indian medicinal plants, vol 3. Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, pp 78-87
42. Gupta JK, Mishra P, Rani A, Mazumder M (2010) Blood glucose lowering potential of Stem Bark of Berberis aristata DC in Alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Iran J Pharmacol Ther 9(1):21-24
43. Habtemariam S (2011) The therapeutic potential of Berberis darwinii Stem-bark: quantification of berberine and in vitro evidence for Alzheimer's disease therapy. Nat Prod Commun 6(8):1089-1090
44. Haji A (2010) Functional dyeing of wool with natural dye extracted from Berberis vulgaris L wood and Rumex Hymenosepolus root as biomordant. Iran J Chem Chem Eng 29(3):55-60
45. Hanachi P, Kua SH, Asmah R, Motalleb G, Fauziah O (2006) Cytotoxic effect of Berberis vulgaris fruit extract on the proliferation of human liver cancer line (HepG2) and its antioxidant properties. Int J Cancer Res 2(1):1-9
46. Hesse M (2002) Artifacts. Alkaloids: nature's curse or blessing? Wiley-VCH publication, Switzerland, Germany, p 169
47. Hussain MA, Khan MQ, Habib T, Hussain N (2011) Antimicronbial activity of the crude root extract of Berberis lycium Royle. Adv Environ Biol 5(4):585-588
48. Hussaini FA, Shoeb A (1985) Isoquinoline derived alkaloids from Berberis chitria. Phytochemistry 24(3):633
49. Ikram M (1975) A review on the chemical and pharmacological aspects of genus Berberis. Planta Med 28:353-358
50. Imanshahidi M, Hosseinzadeh H (2008) Pharmacological and therapeutic effects of Berberis vulgaris L and its active constituent, Berberine. Phytother Res 22:999-1012
51. Istatkova R, Solongo A, Javzan S, Selenge D, Philipov S (2011) Alkaloids from aerial parts of Berberis sibirica Pall. Cr Acad Bulg Sci 64(2):219-224
52. Ivanovska N, Philipov S (1996) Study on the anti-inflammatory action of Berberis vulgaris root extract, alkaloid fractions and pure alkaloids. Int J Immunopharmacol 18(10):553-561
53. Ivanovska N, Philipov S, Hristova M (1999) Influence of berberine on T-cell mediated immunity. Immunopharmacol Immunot 21(4):771-786
54. Jiang F, Tao Y, Shao Y (2007) Fingerprinting and quality control of Qianghuo by high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection. J Ethnopharmacol 111:265-270
55. Joshi PV, Shirkhedkar AA, Prakash K, Maheshwari VL (2011) Antidiarrheal activity, chemical and toxicity profile of Berberis aristata. Pharm Biol 49(1):94-100
56. Kamal YT, Singh M, Tamboli ET, Parveen R, Ahmad S (2011) Quantitative analysis of berberine in Berberis aristata fruits and in a traditional anti-inflammatory unani formulation by use of avalidated HPLC method. Acta Chromatogr 23(1):157-168
57. Karimov A (1993) Berberis alkaloids. Chem Nat Compd 29(4):415-438
58. Karimov A, Shakirov R (1993) Structures of bernumidine and bernumicine. Chem Nat Compd 29(3):335-337
59. Karimov A, Levkovich MG, Abdullaev ND, Shakirov R (1993) The structure of turconidine. Chem Nat Compd 29(6):771-773
60. Karimov A, Telezhenetskaya MV, Lutfullin KL, Yunusov SYu (1977) The new alkaloid oblongamine. Chem Nat Compd 13(1):68-70
61. Karimov A, Telezhenetskaya MV, Lutfullin KL, Yunusov SY (1978) Alkaloids of Berberis integerrima. Chem Nat Compd 14(3):360-361
62. Khamidov II, Tashkhodzhaev B, Aripova SF, Telezhenetskaya MV, Karimov A (1996a) Berberis alkaloids. XXXVII. Investigation of the alkaloids of B. oblongata and B. integerrima. Crystal structure of 8- Trichloromethyldihydroberberine.Chem Nat Compd 32(6):876-879
63. Khamidov II, Aripova SF, Telezhenetskaya MV, Faskhutdinov MF, Karimov A, Dzhepberov I (1996b) Berberis alkaloids. XXXVI Turcomanidine- a new alkaloid from Berberis turcomanica. Chem Nat Compd 32(6):873-875
64. Khamidov II, Aripova SF, Telezhenetskaya MV, Dzhenberov I (1997a) Berberis alkaloids.XXXIX New alkaloids from B. densiflora. Chem Nat Compd 33 (3):323-325
65. Khamidov II, Aripova SF, Karimov A, Yusupov MM (1997b) Berberis alkaloids XL An investigation of the alkaloids of B.thunbergii. Chem Nat Compd 33(5):599
66. Khamidov II, Aripova SF, Karimov AK (2003) Berberis alkaloids.XLI Alkaloids from leaves of cultivated Berberis oblonga. Chem Nat Compd 39(4):407
67. Khan I, Qayum A, Qureshi Z (1969) Study of the hypotensive action of berbamine, an alkaloid isolated from Berberis lycium. Life Sci 8(I):993-1001
68. Khan S, Nema N, Kharya MD, Khanam S (2009) Hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic and hypotriglyceridemic activity of tuber roots of Ipomoea mauritiana Jacq. (Convolvulaceae) when administered to rats. Int J Phytomed 1:22-30
69. Khosrokhavar R, Ahmadiani A, Shamsa F (2010) Antihistaminic and anticholinergic activity of methanolic extract of barberry fruit (Berberis vulgaris) in the guinea-pig ileum. J Med Plants 9(35):99-105
70. Kiasalari Z, Khalili M, Ahmadi P (2011) Effect of alcoholic extract of Berberis vulgaris fruit on acute and chronic inflammation in male rats. J Babol Univ Med Sci 13(1):28-35
71. Kim BH, Lee J, Shen T, Kim JD, Cho JY (2010) Anti-inflammatory activity of hot water extract of Berberis koreana in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage-like cells. J Med Plants Res 4(9):745-752
72. Kim KH, Choi SU, Kim CS, Lee KR (2012) Cytotoxic steroids from the trunk of Berberis koreana. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 76(4):825-827
73. Kirtikar KR, Basu BD (1998) Indian medicinal plants, vol 1. CSIR publication, India
74. Koncic MZ, Kremer D, Schühly W, Brantner A, Karlovic K, Kalodera Z (2010a) Chemical differentiation of Berberis croatica and B. vulgaris using HPLC fingerprinting. Croat Chem Acta 83(4): 451-456
75. Koncic MZ, Kremer D, Karlovic K, Kosalec I (2010b) Evaluation of antioxidant activities and phenolic content of Berberis vulgaris and Berberis croatica Horvat. Food Chem Toxicol 48:2176-2180
76. Kosalec I, Gregurek B, Kremer D, Zovko M, Sankovic K, Karlovic K (2009) Croatian barberry (Berberis croatica): a new source of berberine - analysis and antimicrobial activity. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 25(1):145-150
77. Küpeli E, Koşar M, Yeşilada E, Başer KHC, Başer C (2002) A comparative study on the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antipyretic effects of isoquinoline alkaloids from the roots of Turkish Berberis species. Life Sci 72(6):645-657
78. Landrum LR (1999) Revision of Berberis (Berberidaceae) in Chile and adjacent Southern Argentina. Ann Missouri Bot Gard 86:793-834
79. Liu C, Beecher CWW (1995) A benzylisoquinoline alkaloid from B. vergetorium. J Nat Prod 58(7):1100-1102
80. Makarem A, Khalili N, Asodeh R (2007) Efficacy of barberry aqueous extracts dental gel on control of plaque and gingivitis. Acta Med Iran 45(2):91-94
81. Maliwichi-Nyirenda CP, Maliwichi LL, Franco M (2011) Medicinal uses of Berberis holstii Engl. (Berberidaceae) in Malawi, the only African endemic barberry. J Med Plants Res 5(8):1367-1373
82. Martinez JL, Torres R, Morales MA (1997) Hypotensive effect of O-methylisothalicberine, A bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Berberis chilensis on normotensive rats. Phytother Res 11(3):246-248
83. Meliani N, Dib MEA, Allali H, Tabti B (2011) Hypoglycaemic effect of Berberis vulgaris L in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 1(6):468-471
84. Miana GA (1973) Tertiary dihydroprotoberberine alkaloids of Berberis lycium. Phytochemistry 12:1822-1823
85. Mikage M, Mouri C (1999) Pharmacognostical studies of Berberis plants (Berberidaceae) from Nepal (1) altitudinal, interspecific and partial variations of berberine content in the bark. Nat Med 53(5): 249-254
86. Minaiyan M, Ghannadi A, Mahzouni P, Jaffari-Shirazi E (2011) Comparative study of Berberis vulgaris fruit extract and berberine chloride effects on acetic acid-induced colitis in rats. Iran J Pharm Res 10(1):97-104
87. Mukherjee PK, Wahile A, Kumar V, Rai S, Mukherjee K, Saha BP (2006) Marker profiling of botanicals used for hepatoprotection in Indian system of medicine. Drug Inf J 40(2):131-139
88. Musumeci R, Speciale A, Costanzo R, Annino A, Ragusa S, Rapisarda A, Pappalardo MS, Iauk L (2003) Berberis aetnensis C. Presl. Extracts: antimicrobial properties and interaction with ciprofloxacin. Int J Antimicrob Agents 22(1): 48-53
89. Pareek A, Suthar M (2010) Antidiabetic activity of extract of Berberis aristata root in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Pharmacol online 2:179-185
90. Park HB, Lee KH, Kim KH, Lee IK, Noh HJ, Choi SU, Lee KR (2009) Lignans from the roots of Berberis amurensis. Nat Prod Sci 15(1):17-21
91. Parsaee H, Shafei MN, Boskabady MH (2006) Effects of hydro-ethanolic extract of Berberis vulgaris fruit on rabbit isolated heart. DARU J Pharm Sci 14(4):208-213
92. Pasrija A, Singh R, Katiyar CK (2010) Validated HPLC-UV method for the determination of berberine in raw herb Daruharidra (Berberis aristata DC), its extract, and in commercially marketed Ayurvedic dosage forms. Int J Ayurveda Res 1(4):243-246
93. Porwal KP, Kumar K, Jain N, Pathak KA, Jain P (2010) Evaluation of antitumour activity of Berberis aristata DC. Indian Drug 47(5):17-20
94. Quevedo R, Valderrama K, Moreno-Murillo B, Laverde M, Fajardo V (2008) A new bisbenzyltetrahydro isoquinoline alkaloid from Berberis tabiensis (Berberidaceae). Biochem Syst Ecol 36(10):812-814
95. Rajaian H, Jalaee J, Aghajani A (2006) Berberis vulgaris as growth promoter in broiler chickens. Int J Poult Sci 5(4):395-397
96. Rajasekaran A, Kumar N (2009) Rasont - a traditional crude drug prepared from Berberis sp. and its uses. Indian J Tradit Know 8(4):562-563
97. Rao RR, Hajra PK (eds) (1993) Berberidaceae. Flora of India. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta, pp 351-413
98. Rao RR, Hussain T, Dutt B, Garg A (1998) Revision of family Berberidaceae of India-I. Rheedea 8(1):1-66
99. Rashmi JP, Rajasekaran A (2011) HPTLC fingerprinting profile of marker compound (Berberine) in roots of Berberis aristata DC. Phcog J 3(19):41-44
100. Rashmi PJ, Rajasekaran A, Pant J (2008) The Genus Berberis Linn.: a review. Phcog Rev 2 (4):369-385
101. Rashmi PJ, Rajasekaran A, Rekha P, Singh YP (2009) Quantitative estimation of berberine in roots of different provenances of Berberis aristata DC by HPLC and study of their antifungal properties. Pharmacog Mag 5(20):355-358
102. Razzaq FA, Khan RA, Feroz Z, Afroz S (2011) Effect of Berberis aristata on lipid profile and coagulation parameters. Afr J Pharm Pharmacol 5(7):943-947
103. Rout KK, Pradhan S, Mishra SK (2008) Estimation of berberine in ayurvedic formulations containing Berberis aristata. J AOAC Int 91(5):1149-1153
104. 4 in rats. Pharmacologyonline 3:838-842
105. Saklani S, Chandra S (2011) Berberis asiatica: potential fruits as nutrceuticals. IJPT 3(4):1586-1604
106. Sebastian T, Setty OH (1997) Protective effect of Berberis aristata against ethanol-induced mitochondrial damage in rats. J Clin Biochem nutr 23(1):1-13
107. Semwal B, Gupta J, Singh S, Kumar Y, Giri M (2009) Antihyperglycemic activity of root of Berberis aristata DC in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Int J Green Pharm 3(3):259-262
108. Shahid M, Rahim T, Shahzad A,Tajuddin, Latif A, Fatma T, Rashid M, Raja A, Mustafa S (2009) Ethnobotanical studies on Berberis aristata DC. root extracts. Afr J Biotechnol 8(4):556-563
109. Shamsa F, Ahmadiani A, Khosrokhavar R (1999) Antihistaminic and anticholinergic activity of barberry fruit (Berberis vulgaris) in the guinea-pig ileum. J Ethanopharmacol 64(2):161-166
110. Sharma C, Aneja KR, Kasera R (2011) Screening of Berberis aristata DC for antimicrobial potential against the pathogens causing ear infection. Int J Pharmacol 7(4):536-541
111. Shenoy PKR, Yoganarasimhan SN (2009) Evaluation of antibacterial activity of Elanir kujambu - an Ayurvedic eye formulation. Indian J Tradit Know 8(2):272-274
112. Singh J, Kakkar P (2009) Antihyperglycemic and antioxidant effect of Berberis aristata root extract and its role in regulating carbohydrate metabolism in diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 123:22-26
113. Singh M, Srivastava S, Rawat AKS (2007) Antimicrobial activities of Indian Berberis species. Fitoterapia 78:574-576
114. Singh M, Srivastava S, Rawat AKS (2009) Antimicrobial studies of stem of different Berberis species. Nat Prod Sci 15(2):60-65
115. Singh R, Tiwari SS, Shrivastava S, Rawat AKS (2012) Botanical and phytochemical studies on roots of Berberis umbellata Wall. ex G. Don. Indian J Nat Prod Resour 3(1):55-60
116. Siow YL, Sarna L, Karmin O (2011) Redox regulation in health and disease -therapeutic potential of berberine. Food Res Int 44(8):2409-2417
117. Sivakumar R, Nair AGR (1991) Polyphenolic constituents of the flowers of Berberis aristata. J Indian Chem Soc 68:531-532
118. Sodagar N, Bahrami AR, Memariani F, Ejtehadi H, Vaezi J, Khosravi AR (2012) Biosystematic study of the genus Berberis L. (Berberidaceae) in Khorassan, NE Iran. Plant Syst Evol 298 (1):193-203
119. Soffar A, Metwali DM,Abdel-Aziz SS, el-Wakil HS, Saad GA (2001) Evaluation of the effect of a plant alkaloid (berberine derived from Berberis aristata DC) on Trichomonas vaginalis in vitro. J Egypt Soc Parasitol 31:893
120. Sood P, Modgil R, Sood M (2010) Physico-chemical and nutritional evaluation of indigenous wild fruit kasmal, Berberis lycium Royle. Indian J Nat Prod Resour 1(3):362-366
121. Srivastava SK, Rawat AKS (2007) Pharmacognostic evaluation of the roots of Berberis tinctoria Lesch. Nat Prod Sci 13(1):27-32
122. Srivastava SK, Khatoon S, Rawat AKS, Mehrotra S, Pushpangadan P (2001) Pharmacognostic Evaluation of the Root of Berberis aristata DC. Nat Prod Sci 7(4):102-106
123. Srivastava SK, Rawat AKS, Mehrotra S (2004) Pharmacognostic evaluation of the root of Berberis asiatica. Pharm Biol 42(6):467-473
124. Srivastava SK, Rawat AKS, Srivastava M, Mehrotra S (2006a) Pharmacognostic evaluation of the roots of Berberis chitria Lindl. Nat Prod Sci 12(1):19-23
125. Srivastava SK, Rai V, Srivastava M, Rawat AKS, Mehrotra S (2006b) Estimation of heavy metals in different Berberis species and its market samples. Environ Monit Assess 116:315-320
126. Sriwilaijareon N, Petmitr S, Mutirangura A, Ponglikitmongkol M, Wilairat P (2002) Stage specificity of Plasmodium falsiparum telomerase and its inhibition by berberine. Parasitol Int 51:99-103
127. Stermitz FR, Beeson TD, Mueller PJ, Hsiang JF, Lewis K (2001) Staphylococcus aureus MDR efflux pump inhibitors from a Berberis and a Mahonia (sensustrictu) species. Biochem Syst Ecol 29:793-798
128. Suau R, Rico R, Loapez-Romero JM, Najera F, Cuevas A (1998) Isoquinoline alkaloids from B. vulgaris Subsp. Australis. Phytochemistry 49(8):2545-2549
129. Tiwari BK, Khosa RL (2010) Evaluation of the heptoprotective and antioxidant effect of Berberis asiatica against experimentally induced liver injury in rats. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2(1):92-97
130. Tiwari UL, Singh Adhikari B (2011), Berberis rawatii sp. nov. (Berberidaceae) from India. Nordic J Bot 29 (2):184-188
131. Tomosaka H, Chin Y-W, Salim AA, Keller W, Chai H, Kinghorn AD (2008) Antioxidant and cytoprotective compounds from Berberis vulgaris (barberry). Phytother Res 22(7):979-981
132. Torres R, Delle Monache F, Marini-Bettolo GB (1979) Biogenetic relationship between lignans and alkaloids in Berberis Genus. Lignans and berbamine from Berberis chilensis. Planta Med 37:32-36
133. Torres R, Villarroel L, Urzua A (1992) Constituents of Berberis congestiflora and Berberis horrida. Fitoterapia 63(4):376
134. Tripathi YB, Shukla SD (1996) Berberis aristata inhibits PAF induced aggregation of rabbit platelets. Phytother Res 10(7):628-630
135. Tutak M, Ebru Korkmaz N (2012) Environmentally friendly natural dyeing of organic cotton. J Nat Fibers 9(1):51-59
136. Uprety Y, Asselin H, Boon EK, Yadav S, Shrestha KK (2010) Indigenous use and bio-efficacy of medicinal plants in the Rasuwa district, Central Nepal. J Ethano Biol Ethanomed 6:3
137. Upwar N, Patel R, Waseem N, Mahobia NK (2011) Hypoglycemic effect of methanolic extract of Berberis aristata DC stem on normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 3(1):222-224
138. Urzua A, Torres R (1993) Constituents of Berberis valdiviana. Fitoterapia 64(4):378
139. Valencia E, Weiss I, Firdous S, Freyer AJ, Shamma M (1984) The isoindolobenzazepine alkaloids. Tetrahydron 40(20):3957-3962
140. Vennerstrom JL, Klayman DL (1988) Protoberberine alkaloids as antimalarials. J Med Chem 31:1084-1087
141. Xie J, Ma T, Gu Y, Zhang X, Qiu X, Zhang L (2009) Berbamine derivatives: a novel class of compounds for anti-leukemia activity. Eur J Med Chem 44:3293-3298
142. Yang B, Chen J, Lee FSC, Wang X (2008) GC - MS fingerprints for discrimination of ligusticum chuanxiong from Angelica. J Sep Sci 31(18):3231-3237
143. Yazdani A, Poorbaghi SL, Habibi H, Nazifi S, Far FR, Sepehrimanesh M (2012) Dietary Berberis vulgaris extract enhances intestinal mucosa morphology in the broiler chicken (Gallus gallus). Comp Clin Pathol. doi: 10.1007/s00580-012-1454-1
144. Yeşilada E, Küpeli E (2002) Berberis crataegina DC root exhibits potent anti-inflammatory, analgesic and febrifuge effects in mice and rats. J Ethnopharmacol 79(2):237-248
145. Yogesh HS, Chandrashekhar VM, Katti HR, Ganapaty S, Raghavendra HL, Gowda GK, Goplakhrishna B (2011) Anti-osteoporotic activity of aqueous-methanol extract of Berberis aristata in ovariectomized rats. J Ethnopharmacol 134(2):334-338
146. Zou P, Hong Y, Koh HL (2005) Chemical fingerprinting of Isatis indigotica root by RP-HPLC and hierarchical clustering analysis. J Pharm Biomed Analysis 38(3):514-520