메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 2, Issue , 2007, Pages

Regulation of the intestinal immune system by commensal microbiota in avian and ruminant species

Author keywords

Adaptive immune responses; Commensal bacteria; Farm animals; Gut associated lymphoid tissue; Innate defences; Probiotics

Indexed keywords


EID: 84875379403     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17498848     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1079/PAVSNNR20072008     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (4)

References (121)
  • 1
    • 1042290501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of dendritic cells: Translating innate into adaptive immunity
    • Reis e Sousa C. Activation of dendritic cells: translating innate into adaptive immunity. Current Opinion in Immunology 2004;16(1):21-5.
    • (2004) Current Opinion in Immunology , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 21-25
    • Reis E Sousa, C.1
  • 2
    • 33746453658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of the host specificity in the selection of probiotic bacteria
    • Dogi CA, Perdigon G. Importance of the host specificity in the selection of probiotic bacteria. Journal of Dairy Research 2006;73(3):357-66.
    • (2006) Journal of Dairy Research , vol.73 , Issue.3 , pp. 357-366
    • Dogi, C.A.1    Perdigon, G.2
  • 3
    • 1842431723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cell surface-associated elongation factor Tu mediates the attachment of Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC533 (La1) to human intestinal cells and mucins
    • Granato D, Bergonzelli GE, Pridmore RD, Marvin L, Rouvet M, Corthesy-Theulaz IE. Cell surface-associated elongation factor Tu mediates the attachment of Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC533 (La1) to human intestinal cells and mucins. Infection and Immunity 2004;72(4):2160-9.
    • (2004) Infection and Immunity , vol.72 , Issue.4 , pp. 2160-2169
    • Granato, D.1    Bergonzelli, G.E.2    Pridmore, R.D.3    Marvin, L.4    Rouvet, M.5    Corthesy-Theulaz, I.E.6
  • 5
    • 0031445098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The rumen microbial ecosystem - some recent developments
    • Flint HJ. The rumen microbial ecosystem - some recent developments. Trends in Microbiology 1997;5(12):483-8.
    • (1997) Trends in Microbiology , vol.5 , Issue.12 , pp. 483-488
    • Flint, H.J.1
  • 7
    • 0024025645 scopus 로고
    • Morphological diversity of ruminal bacteriophages from sheep and cattle
    • Klieve AV, Bauchop T. Morphological diversity of ruminal bacteriophages from sheep and cattle. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 1988;54(6):1637-41.
    • (1988) Applied and Environmental Microbiology , vol.54 , Issue.6 , pp. 1637-1641
    • Klieve, A.V.1    Bauchop, T.2
  • 8
    • 0036265580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intestinal microflora of human infants and current trends for its nutritional modulation
    • Mountzouris KC, McCartney AL, Gibson GR. Intestinal microflora of human infants and current trends for its nutritional modulation. British Journal of Nutrition 2002;87(5):405-20.
    • (2002) British Journal of Nutrition , vol.87 , Issue.5 , pp. 405-420
    • Mountzouris, K.C.1    McCartney, A.L.2    Gibson, G.R.3
  • 9
    • 4444247028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microflora ecology of the chicken intestine using 16S ribosomal DNA primers
    • Amit-Romach E, Sklan D, Uni Z. Microflora ecology of the chicken intestine using 16S ribosomal DNA primers. Poultry Science 2004;83(7):1093-8.
    • (2004) Poultry Science , vol.83 , Issue.7 , pp. 1093-1098
    • Amit-Romach, E.1    Sklan, D.2    Uni, Z.3
  • 12
    • 33645470529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of bacterial flora and enzymatic activity in faeces of infants and calves
    • Rada V, Vlkova E, Nevoral J, Trojanova I. Comparison of bacterial flora and enzymatic activity in faeces of infants and calves. FEMS Microbiology Letters 2006;258(1):25-8.
    • (2006) FEMS Microbiology Letters , vol.258 , Issue.1 , pp. 25-28
    • Rada, V.1    Vlkova, E.2    Nevoral, J.3    Trojanova, I.4
  • 13
    • 0021179448 scopus 로고
    • Development of the normal gastrointestinal microflora of specific pathogen-free chickens
    • Coloe PJ, Bagust TJ, Ireland L. Development of the normal gastrointestinal microflora of specific pathogen-free chickens. American Journal of Hygiene 1984;92(1):79-87.
    • (1984) American Journal of Hygiene , vol.92 , Issue.1 , pp. 79-87
    • Coloe, P.J.1    Bagust, T.J.2    Ireland, L.3
  • 14
    • 0016479259 scopus 로고
    • Some observations on the caecal microflora of the chick during the first two weeks of life
    • Mead GC, Adams BW. Some observations on the caecal microflora of the chick during the first two weeks of life. British Journal of Nutrition 1975;16:169-76.
    • (1975) British Journal of Nutrition , vol.16 , pp. 169-176
    • Mead, G.C.1    Adams, B.W.2
  • 15
    • 0017341656 scopus 로고
    • Microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract
    • Savage DC. Microbial ecology of the gastrointestinal tract. Annual Review of Microbiology 1977; 31:107-33.
    • (1977) Annual Review of Microbiology , vol.31 , pp. 107-133
    • Savage, D.C.1
  • 16
    • 0036241355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in predominant bacterial populations in human faeces with age and with Clostridium difficile infection
    • Hopkins MJ, Macfarlane GT. Changes in predominant bacterial populations in human faeces with age and with Clostridium difficile infection. Journal of Medical Microbiology 2002;51(5):448-54.
    • (2002) Journal of Medical Microbiology , vol.51 , Issue.5 , pp. 448-454
    • Hopkins, M.J.1    Macfarlane, G.T.2
  • 18
    • 0042662712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of prebiotics and probiotics in poultry production
    • Patterson JA, Burkholder KM. Application of prebiotics and probiotics in poultry production. Poultry Science 2003;82(4):627-31.
    • (2003) Poultry Science , vol.82 , Issue.4 , pp. 627-631
    • Patterson, J.A.1    Burkholder, K.M.2
  • 19
    • 0042708599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of dietary fructooligosaccharide on digestive enzyme activities, intestinal microflora and morphology of male broilers
    • Xu ZR, Hu CH, Xia MS, Zhan XA, Wang MQ. Effects of dietary fructooligosaccharide on digestive enzyme activities, intestinal microflora and morphology of male broilers. Poultry Science 2003;82(6):1030-6.
    • (2003) Poultry Science , vol.82 , Issue.6 , pp. 1030-1036
    • Xu, Z.R.1    Hu, C.H.2    Xia, M.S.3    Zhan, X.A.4    Wang, M.Q.5
  • 20
    • 15244348025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of the microbial ecology of the human colon by probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics to enhance human health: An overview of enabling science and potential applications
    • Rastall RA, Gibson GR, Gill HS, Guarner F, Klaenhammer TR, Pot B, et al. Modulation of the microbial ecology of the human colon by probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics to enhance human health: an overview of enabling science and potential applications. FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology 2005;52(2):145-52.
    • (2005) FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology , vol.52 , Issue.2 , pp. 145-152
    • Rastall, R.A.1    Gibson, G.R.2    Gill, H.S.3    Guarner, F.4    Klaenhammer, T.R.5    Pot, B.6
  • 21
    • 0035992750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic analysis of cecal microbiota in chicken by the use of 16S rDNA clone libraries
    • Lan PTN, Hayashi H, Sakamoto M, Benno Y. Phylogenetic analysis of cecal microbiota in chicken by the use of 16S rDNA clone libraries. Microbiology and Immunology 2002;46(6):371-82.
    • (2002) Microbiology and Immunology , vol.46 , Issue.6 , pp. 371-382
    • Lan, P.T.N.1    Hayashi, H.2    Sakamoto, M.3    Benno, Y.4
  • 23
    • 33746905537 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microbial community composition of the ileum and cecum of broiler chickens as revealed by molecular and culture-based techniques
    • Bjerrum L, Engberg RM, Leser TD, Jensen BB, Finster K, Pedersen K. Microbial community composition of the ileum and cecum of broiler chickens as revealed by molecular and culture-based techniques. Poultry Science 2006;85(7):1151-64.
    • (2006) Poultry Science , vol.85 , Issue.7 , pp. 1151-1164
    • Bjerrum, L.1    Engberg, R.M.2    Leser, T.D.3    Jensen, B.B.4    Finster, K.5    Pedersen, K.6
  • 24
    • 0037133369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversity and phylogenetic analysis of bacteria in the mucosa of chicken ceca and comparison with bacteria in the cecal lumen
    • Gong J, Forster RJ, Yu H, Chambers JR, Sabour PM, Wheatcroft R, et al. Diversity and phylogenetic analysis of bacteria in the mucosa of chicken ceca and comparison with bacteria in the cecal lumen. FEMS Microbiology Letters 2002;208(1):1-7.
    • (2002) FEMS Microbiology Letters , vol.208 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-7
    • Gong, J.1    Forster, R.J.2    Yu, H.3    Chambers, J.R.4    Sabour, P.M.5    Wheatcroft, R.6
  • 25
    • 0030297089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The indigenous gastrointestinal microflora
    • Berg RD. The indigenous gastrointestinal microflora. Trends in Microbiology 1996;4(11):430-5.
    • (1996) Trends in Microbiology , vol.4 , Issue.11 , pp. 430-435
    • Berg, R.D.1
  • 26
    • 0031841710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Passive and active protection against disorders of the gut
    • Mestecky J, Russell MW. Passive and active protection against disorders of the gut. Veterinary Quarterly 1998;20:S83-7.
    • (1998) Veterinary Quarterly , vol.20
    • Mestecky, J.1    Russell, M.W.2
  • 27
    • 33646579176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MALT structure and function in farm animals
    • Liebler-Tenorio EM, Pabst R. MALT structure and function in farm animals. Veterinary Research 2006;37(3):257-80.
    • (2006) Veterinary Research , vol.37 , Issue.3 , pp. 257-280
    • Liebler-Tenorio, E.M.1    Pabst, R.2
  • 28
    • 0033162764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Further characterization of M cells in gut-associated lymphoid tissues of the chicken
    • Jeurissen SHM, Wagenaar F, Janse EM. Further characterization of M cells in gut-associated lymphoid tissues of the chicken. Poultry Science 1999;78(7):965-72.
    • (1999) Poultry Science , vol.78 , Issue.7 , pp. 965-972
    • Jeurissen, S.H.M.1    Wagenaar, F.2    Janse, E.M.3
  • 29
    • 0141789952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure, lymphatic vascularization and lymphocyte migration in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
    • Azzali G. Structure, lymphatic vascularization and lymphocyte migration in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. Immunological Reviews 2003;195:178-89.
    • (2003) Immunological Reviews , vol.195 , pp. 178-189
    • Azzali, G.1
  • 30
    • 0032972635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ileal and jejunal Peyer's patches play distinct roles in mucosal immunity of sheep
    • Mutwiri G, Watts T, Lew L, Beskorwayne T, Papp Z, Baca-Estrada ME, et al. Ileal and jejunal Peyer's patches play distinct roles in mucosal immunity of sheep. Immunology 1999;97(3):455-61.
    • (1999) Immunology , vol.97 , Issue.3 , pp. 455-461
    • Mutwiri, G.1    Watts, T.2    Lew, L.3    Beskorwayne, T.4    Papp, Z.5    Baca-Estrada, M.E.6
  • 31
    • 0021245797 scopus 로고
    • The anatomy of peripheral lymphoid organs with emphasis on accessory cells: Light-microscopic immunocytochemical studies of mouse spleen, lymph node, and Peyer's patch
    • Witmer MD, Steinman RM. The anatomy of peripheral lymphoid organs with emphasis on accessory cells: light-microscopic immunocytochemical studies of mouse spleen, lymph node, and Peyer's patch. American Journal of Anatomy 1984;170(3):465-81.
    • (1984) American Journal of Anatomy , vol.170 , Issue.3 , pp. 465-481
    • Witmer, M.D.1    Steinman, R.M.2
  • 32
    • 0030900764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The anatomical basis of intestinal immunity
    • Mowat AM, Viney JL. The anatomical basis of intestinal immunity. Immunological Reviews 1997;156:145-66.
    • (1997) Immunological Reviews , vol.156 , pp. 145-166
    • Mowat, A.M.1    Viney, J.L.2
  • 33
    • 1942504180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of gut-associated lymphoid tissue of ruminants in the spread of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies
    • Press CM, Heggebø R, Espenes A. Involvement of gut-associated lymphoid tissue of ruminants in the spread of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 2004;56(6):885-99.
    • (2004) Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews , vol.56 , Issue.6 , pp. 885-899
    • Press, C.M.1    Heggebø, R.2    Espenes, A.3
  • 35
    • 0020559418 scopus 로고
    • The influence of gut function on lymphoid-cell populations in the intestinal-mucosa of lambs
    • Reynolds JD, Morris B. The influence of gut function on lymphoid-cell populations in the intestinal-mucosa of lambs. lmmunology 1983;49(3):501-9.
    • (1983) Lmmunology , vol.49 , Issue.3 , pp. 501-509
    • Reynolds, J.D.1    Morris, B.2
  • 36
    • 0025970135 scopus 로고
    • Somatic generation of diversity in a mammalian primary lymphoid organ - The sheep ileal Peyers-patches
    • Reynaud CA, Mackay CR, Muller RG, Weill JC. Somatic generation of diversity in a mammalian primary lymphoid organ - the sheep ileal Peyers-patches. Cell 1991;64(5):995-1005.
    • (1991) Cell , vol.64 , Issue.5 , pp. 995-1005
    • Reynaud, C.A.1    Mackay, C.R.2    Muller, R.G.3    Weill, J.C.4
  • 37
    • 0030035870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avian gut-associated lymphoid tissues and intestinal immune responses to Eimeria parasites
    • Lillehoj HS, Trout JM. Avian gut-associated lymphoid tissues and intestinal immune responses to Eimeria parasites. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 1996;9(3):349-60.
    • (1996) Clinical Microbiology Reviews , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 349-360
    • Lillehoj, H.S.1    Trout, J.M.2
  • 40
    • 15444339990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Appearance and development of lymphoid cells in the chicken (Gallus gallus) caecal tonsil
    • Del Moral MG, Fonfria J, Varas A, Jimenez E, Moreno J, Zapata AG. Appearance and development of lymphoid cells in the chicken (Gallus gallus) caecal tonsil. Anatomical Record 1998;250(2):182-9.
    • (1998) Anatomical Record , vol.250 , Issue.2 , pp. 182-189
    • Del Moral, M.G.1    Fonfria, J.2    Varas, A.3    Jimenez, E.4    Moreno, J.5    Zapata, A.G.6
  • 41
    • 26044467886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibodies, immunoglobulin genes and the bursa of Fabricius in chicken B cell development
    • Ratcliffe MJH. Antibodies, immunoglobulin genes and the bursa of Fabricius in chicken B cell development. Developmental and Comparative Immunology 2006;30(1-2):101-18.
    • (2006) Developmental and Comparative Immunology , vol.30 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 101-118
    • Ratcliffe, M.J.H.1
  • 42
    • 0026547791 scopus 로고
    • Postnatal development of T-lymphocyte subpopulations in the intestinal intraepithelium and lamina propria in chickens
    • Lillehoj HS, Chung KS. Postnatal development of T-lymphocyte subpopulations in the intestinal intraepithelium and lamina propria in chickens. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 1992;31(3-4):347-60.
    • (1992) Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology , vol.31 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 347-360
    • Lillehoj, H.S.1    Chung, K.S.2
  • 43
    • 0029384991 scopus 로고
    • The TCR-beta chain repertoire of gut-derived T lymphocytes
    • Regnault A, Kourilsky P, Cumano A. The TCR-beta chain repertoire of gut-derived T lymphocytes. Seminars in Immunology 1995;7(5):307-19.
    • (1995) Seminars in Immunology , vol.7 , Issue.5 , pp. 307-319
    • Regnault, A.1    Kourilsky, P.2    Cumano, A.3
  • 44
    • 0036838594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bovine gd T cell subsets express distinct patterns of chemokine responsiveness and adhesion molecules: A mechanism for tissue-specific gd T cell subset accumulation
    • Wilson E, Hedges JF, Butcher EC, Briskin M, Jutila MA. Bovine gd T cell subsets express distinct patterns of chemokine responsiveness and adhesion molecules: a mechanism for tissue-specific gd T cell subset accumulation. Journal of Immunology 2002;169(9):4970-5.
    • (2002) Journal of Immunology , vol.169 , Issue.9 , pp. 4970-4975
    • Wilson, E.1    Hedges, J.F.2    Butcher, E.C.3    Briskin, M.4    Jutila, M.A.5
  • 45
    • 84985161098 scopus 로고
    • Probiotics in man and animals
    • Fuller R. Probiotics in man and animals. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 1989;66(5):365-78.
    • (1989) Journal of Applied Bacteriology , vol.66 , Issue.5 , pp. 365-378
    • Fuller, R.1
  • 47
    • 33748354234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality and growth performance of broilers given drinking water supplemented with chicken-specific probiotics
    • Timmerman HM, Veldman A, van den Elsen E, Rombouts FM, Beynen AC. Mortality and growth performance of broilers given drinking water supplemented with chicken-specific probiotics. Poultry Science 2006;85(8):1383-8.
    • (2006) Poultry Science , vol.85 , Issue.8 , pp. 1383-1388
    • Timmerman, H.M.1    Veldman, A.2    Van Den Elsen, E.3    Rombouts, F.M.4    Beynen, A.C.5
  • 48
    • 33845877711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of orally administered Lactobacillus casei on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus vaccination in pigs
    • Kritas SK, Morrison RB. Effect of orally administered Lactobacillus casei on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus vaccination in pigs. Veterinary Microbiology 2007;119(2-4):248-55.
    • (2007) Veterinary Microbiology , vol.119 , Issue.2-4 , pp. 248-255
    • Kritas, S.K.1    Morrison, R.B.2
  • 49
    • 33748346423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary probiotic supplementation and resulting effects on performance, health status, and microbial characteristics of primiparous sows
    • Böhmer BM, Kramer W, Roth-Maier DA. Dietary probiotic supplementation and resulting effects on performance, health status, and microbial characteristics of primiparous sows. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 2006;90(7-8):309-15.
    • (2006) Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition , vol.90 , Issue.7-8 , pp. 309-315
    • Böhmer, B.M.1    Kramer, W.2    Roth-Maier, D.A.3
  • 50
    • 33646539178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The IgA system: A comparison of structure and function in different species
    • Snoeck V, Peters IR, Cox E. The IgA system: a comparison of structure and function in different species. Veterinary Research 2006;37(3):455-67.
    • (2006) Veterinary Research , vol.37 , Issue.3 , pp. 455-467
    • Snoeck, V.1    Peters, I.R.2    Cox, E.3
  • 51
    • 33646550582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mucosal defence along the gastrointestinal tract of cats and dogs
    • Stokes C, Waly N. Mucosal defence along the gastrointestinal tract of cats and dogs. Veterinary Research 2006;37(3):281-93.
    • (2006) Veterinary Research , vol.37 , Issue.3 , pp. 281-293
    • Stokes, C.1    Waly, N.2
  • 52
    • 1542373517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CEA-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), apically expressed on human colonic M cells, are potential receptors for microbial adhesion
    • Baranov V, Hammarström S. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CEA-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), apically expressed on human colonic M cells, are potential receptors for microbial adhesion. Histochemistry and Cell Biology 2004;121(2):83-9.
    • (2004) Histochemistry and Cell Biology , vol.121 , Issue.2 , pp. 83-89
    • Baranov, V.1    Hammarström, S.2
  • 53
    • 28444442757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and expression of Toll-like receptors 1-10 in selected bovine and ovine tissues
    • Menzies M, Ingham A. Identification and expression of Toll-like receptors 1-10 in selected bovine and ovine tissues. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 2006;109(1-2):23-30.
    • (2006) Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology , vol.109 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 23-30
    • Menzies, M.1    Ingham, A.2
  • 54
    • 33644749143 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of a novel chicken Toll-like receptor following Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection
    • Higgs R, Cormican P, Cahalane S, Allan B, Lloyd AT, Meade K, et al. Induction of a novel chicken Toll-like receptor following Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection. Infection and Immunity 2006;74(3):1692-8.
    • (2006) Infection and Immunity , vol.74 , Issue.3 , pp. 1692-1698
    • Higgs, R.1    Cormican, P.2    Cahalane, S.3    Allan, B.4    Lloyd, A.T.5    Meade, K.6
  • 55
    • 20144389060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and functional characterization of chicken Toll-like receptor 5 reveals a fundamental role in the biology of infection with Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium
    • Iqbal M, Philbin VJ, Withanage GSK, Wigley P, Beal RK, Goodchild MJ, et al. Identification and functional characterization of chicken Toll-like receptor 5 reveals a fundamental role in the biology of infection with Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. Infection and Immunity 2005;73(4):2344-50.
    • (2005) Infection and Immunity , vol.73 , Issue.4 , pp. 2344-2350
    • Iqbal, M.1    Philbin, V.J.2    Withanage, G.S.K.3    Wigley, P.4    Beal, R.K.5    Goodchild, M.J.6
  • 56
    • 16644376636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and characterization of a functional, alternatively spliced Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and genomic disruption of TLR8 in chickens
    • Philbin VJ, Iqbal M, Boyd Y, Goodchild MJ, Beal RK, Bumstead N, et al. Identification and characterization of a functional, alternatively spliced Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and genomic disruption of TLR8 in chickens. Immunology 2005;114(4):507-21.
    • (2005) Immunology , vol.114 , Issue.4 , pp. 507-521
    • Philbin, V.J.1    Iqbal, M.2    Boyd, Y.3    Goodchild, M.J.4    Beal, R.K.5    Bumstead, N.6
  • 57
    • 12944322209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and sequence analysis of chicken Toll-like receptors
    • Yilmaz A, Shen SX, Adelson DL, Xavier S, Zhu JJ. Identification and sequence analysis of chicken Toll-like receptors. Immunogenetics 2005;56(10):743-53.
    • (2005) Immunogenetics , vol.56 , Issue.10 , pp. 743-753
    • Yilmaz, A.1    Shen, S.X.2    Adelson, D.L.3    Xavier, S.4    Zhu, J.J.5
  • 58
    • 0035861638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular cloning and functional characterization of chicken Toll-like receptors: A single chicken Toll covers multiple molecular patterns
    • Fukui A, Inoue N, Matsumoto M, Nomura M, Yamada K, Matsuda Y, et al. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of chicken Toll-like receptors: a single chicken Toll covers multiple molecular patterns. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2001;276(50):47143-9.
    • (2001) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.276 , Issue.50 , pp. 47143-47149
    • Fukui, A.1    Inoue, N.2    Matsumoto, M.3    Nomura, M.4    Yamada, K.5    Matsuda, Y.6
  • 59
    • 0037371395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allelic variation in TLR4 is linked to susceptibility to Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection in chickens
    • Leveque G, Forgetta V, Morroll S, Smith AL, Bumstead N, Barrow P, et al. Allelic variation in TLR4 is linked to susceptibility to Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infection in chickens. Infection and Immunity 2003;71(3):1116-24.
    • (2003) Infection and Immunity , vol.71 , Issue.3 , pp. 1116-1124
    • Leveque, G.1    Forgetta, V.2    Morroll, S.3    Smith, A.L.4    Bumstead, N.5    Barrow, P.6
  • 60
    • 12344249679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression patterns of chicken Toll-like receptor mRNA in tissues, immune cell subsets and cell lines
    • Iqbal M, Philbin VJ, Smith AL. Expression patterns of chicken Toll-like receptor mRNA in tissues, immune cell subsets and cell lines. Veterinary immunology and Immunopathology 2005;104(1-2):117-27.
    • (2005) Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology , vol.104 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 117-127
    • Iqbal, M.1    Philbin, V.J.2    Smith, A.L.3
  • 63
    • 17044385039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • TLR signaling it the gut in health and disease
    • Abreu MT, Fukata M, Arditi M. TLR signaling it the gut in health and disease. Journal of Immunology 2005;174:4453-60.
    • (2005) Journal of Immunology , vol.174 , pp. 4453-4460
    • Abreu, M.T.1    Fukata, M.2    Arditi, M.3
  • 64
    • 34848856394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circadian oscillation of innate immunity components in mouse small intestine
    • Froy O, Chapnik N. Circadian oscillation of innate immunity components in mouse small intestine. Molecular Immunology 2007;44:1954-60.
    • (2007) Molecular Immunology , vol.44 , pp. 1954-1960
    • Froy, O.1    Chapnik, N.2
  • 65
    • 3142761037 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioinformatic discovery and initial characterisation of nine novel antimicrobial peptide genes in the chicken
    • Lynn DJ, Higgs R, Gaines S, Tierney J, James T, Lloyd AT, et al. Bioinformatic discovery and initial characterisation of nine novel antimicrobial peptide genes in the chicken. Immunogenetics 2004;56(3):170-7.
    • (2004) Immunogenetics , vol.56 , Issue.3 , pp. 170-177
    • Lynn, D.J.1    Higgs, R.2    Gaines, S.3    Tierney, J.4    James, T.5    Lloyd, A.T.6
  • 66
    • 17844363521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The synthetic form of a novel chicken beta-defensin identified in silico is predominantly active against intestinal pathogens
    • Higgs R, Lynn DJ, Gaines S, McMahon J, Tierney J, James T, et al. The synthetic form of a novel chicken beta-defensin identified in silico is predominantly active against intestinal pathogens. Immunogenetics 2005;57(1-2):90-8.
    • (2005) Immunogenetics , vol.57 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 90-98
    • Higgs, R.1    Lynn, D.J.2    Gaines, S.3    McMahon, J.4    Tierney, J.5    James, T.6
  • 67
    • 9144261231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A genome-wide screen identifies a single beta-defensin gene cluster in the chicken: Implications for the origin and evolution of mammalian defensins
    • Xiao Y, Hughes AL, Ando J, Matsuda Y, Cheng JF, Skinner-Noble D, et al. A genome-wide screen identifies a single beta-defensin gene cluster in the chicken: implications for the origin and evolution of mammalian defensins. BMC Genomics 2004;5:56.
    • (2004) BMC Genomics , vol.5 , pp. 56
    • Xiao, Y.1    Hughes, A.L.2    Ando, J.3    Matsuda, Y.4    Cheng, J.F.5    Skinner-Noble, D.6
  • 68
    • 0842304588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression and regulation of antimicrobial peptides in the gastrointestinal tract
    • Cunliffe RN, Mahida YR. Expression and regulation of antimicrobial peptides in the gastrointestinal tract. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 2004;75:49-58.
    • (2004) Journal of Leukocyte Biology , vol.75 , pp. 49-58
    • Cunliffe, R.N.1    Mahida, Y.R.2
  • 69
    • 0027514011 scopus 로고
    • Purification, primary structures, and antibacterial activities of B-defensins, a new family of antimicrobial peptides from bovine neutrophils
    • Selsted ME, Tang YQ, Morris WL, McGuire PA, Novotny MJ, Smith W, et al. Purification, primary structures, and antibacterial activities of B-defensins, a new family of antimicrobial peptides from bovine neutrophils. Journal of Biological Chemistry 1993;268(9):6611-48.
    • (1993) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.268 , Issue.9 , pp. 6611-6648
    • Selsted, M.E.1    Tang, Y.Q.2    Morris, W.L.3    McGuire, P.A.4    Novotny, M.J.5    Smith, W.6
  • 71
    • 0030747618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mouse genome encodes a single homolog of the antimicrobial peptide human b-defensin 1
    • Huttner KM, Kozak CA, Bevins CL. The mouse genome encodes a single homolog of the antimicrobial peptide human b-defensin 1. FEBS Letters 1997;413:45-9.
    • (1997) FEBS Letters , vol.413 , pp. 45-49
    • Huttner, K.M.1    Kozak, C.A.2    Bevins, C.L.3
  • 72
    • 33646367203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification and functional characterization of three chicken cathelicidins with potent antimicrobial activity
    • Xiao Y, Cai Y, Bommineni YR, Fernando SC, Prakash O, Gilliland SE, et al. Identification and functional characterization of three chicken cathelicidins with potent antimicrobial activity. Journal of Biological Chemistry 2006;281(5):2858-67.
    • (2006) Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol.281 , Issue.5 , pp. 2858-2867
    • Xiao, Y.1    Cai, Y.2    Bommineni, Y.R.3    Fernando, S.C.4    Prakash, O.5    Gilliland, S.E.6
  • 73
    • 5144228220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of Toll-like receptors and Nod proteins in bacterial infection
    • Philpott DJ, Girardin SE. The role of Toll-like receptors and Nod proteins in bacterial infection. Molecular Immunology 2004;41(11):1099-108.
    • (2004) Molecular Immunology , vol.41 , Issue.11 , pp. 1099-1108
    • Philpott, D.J.1    Girardin, S.E.2
  • 76
    • 0028891491 scopus 로고
    • The induction of cyclooxygenase-2 elicited by endotoxin in endothelial cells and macrophages is inhibited by prostaglandin E1 and 13,14-dihydro prostaglandin E1
    • Akarasereenont P, Hide E, Ney P, Thiemermann C, Vane JR. The induction of cyclooxygenase-2 elicited by endotoxin in endothelial cells and macrophages is inhibited by prostaglandin E1 and 13,14-dihydro prostaglandin E1. Agents and Actions. Supplements 1995;45:59-64.
    • (1995) Agents and Actions. Supplements , vol.45 , pp. 59-64
    • Akarasereenont, P.1    Hide, E.2    Ney, P.3    Thiemermann, C.4    Vane, J.R.5
  • 77
    • 33646265743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The front line of enteric host defense against unwelcome intrusion of harmful microorganisms: Mucins, antimicrobial peptides, and microbiota
    • Moal VLL, Servin AL. The front line of enteric host defense against unwelcome intrusion of harmful microorganisms: mucins, antimicrobial peptides, and microbiota. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 2006;19(2):315-37.
    • (2006) Clinical Microbiology Reviews , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 315-337
    • Moal, V.L.L.1    Servin, A.L.2
  • 78
    • 0038237678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extracellular MUC3 mucin secretion follows adherence of Lactobacillus strains to intestinal epithelial cells in vitro
    • Mack DR, Ahrne S, Hyde L, Wei S, Hollingsworth MA. Extracellular MUC3 mucin secretion follows adherence of Lactobacillus strains to intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. Gut 2003;52(6):827-33.
    • (2003) Gut , vol.52 , Issue.6 , pp. 827-833
    • Mack, D.R.1    Ahrne, S.2    Hyde, L.3    Wei, S.4    Hollingsworth, M.A.5
  • 80
    • 13244284583 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mucin dynamics and microbial populations in chicken small intestine are changed by dietary probiotic and antibiotic growth promoter supplementation
    • Smirnov A, Perez R, Amit-Romach E, Sklan D, Uni Z. Mucin dynamics and microbial populations in chicken small intestine are changed by dietary probiotic and antibiotic growth promoter supplementation. Journal of Nutrition 2005;135(2):187-92.
    • (2005) Journal of Nutrition , vol.135 , Issue.2 , pp. 187-192
    • Smirnov, A.1    Perez, R.2    Amit-Romach, E.3    Sklan, D.4    Uni, Z.5
  • 81
    • 0141799911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defensins: Antimicrobial peptides of innate immunity
    • Ganz T. Defensins: antimicrobial peptides of innate immunity. Nature Reviews Immunology 2003;3(9):710-20.
    • (2003) Nature Reviews Immunology , vol.3 , Issue.9 , pp. 710-720
    • Ganz, T.1
  • 85
    • 0025394076 scopus 로고
    • A light microscopic and immunocytochemical study of the gastrointestinal-tract of the ostrich (Struthio-Camelus L)
    • Bezuidenhout AJ, Vanaswegen G. A light microscopic and immunocytochemical study of the gastrointestinal-tract of the ostrich (Struthio-Camelus L). Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Science 1990;57(1):37-48.
    • (1990) Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Science , vol.57 , Issue.1 , pp. 37-48
    • Bezuidenhout, A.J.1    Vanaswegen, G.2
  • 86
    • 0032113178 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Avian heterophils in inflammation and disease resistance
    • Harmon BG. Avian heterophils in inflammation and disease resistance. Poultry Science 1998;77(7):972-7.
    • (1998) Poultry Science , vol.77 , Issue.7 , pp. 972-977
    • Harmon, B.G.1
  • 87
    • 0031694275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of beta-defensin prepropeptide mRNA from chicken and turkey bone marrow
    • Brockus CW, Jackwood MW, Harmon BG. Characterization of beta-defensin prepropeptide mRNA from chicken and turkey bone marrow. Animal Genetics 1998;29(4):283-9.
    • (1998) Animal Genetics , vol.29 , Issue.4 , pp. 283-289
    • Brockus, C.W.1    Jackwood, M.W.2    Harmon, B.G.3
  • 91
    • 29144528084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Profile of Toll-like receptor expressions and induction of nitric oxide synthesis by Toll-like receptor agonists in chicken monocytes
    • He H, Genovese KJ, Nisbet DJ, Kogut MH. Profile of Toll-like receptor expressions and induction of nitric oxide synthesis by Toll-like receptor agonists in chicken monocytes. Molecular Immunology 2006;43(7):783-9.
    • (2006) Molecular Immunology , vol.43 , Issue.7 , pp. 783-789
    • He, H.1    Genovese, K.J.2    Nisbet, D.J.3    Kogut, M.H.4
  • 92
    • 5444262511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor control of the adaptive immune responses
    • Iwasaki A, Medzhitov R. Toll-like receptor control of the adaptive immune responses. Nature Immunology 2004;5(10):987-95.
    • (2004) Nature Immunology , vol.5 , Issue.10 , pp. 987-995
    • Iwasaki, A.1    Medzhitov, R.2
  • 93
    • 3242664636 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recognition of commensal microflora by toll-like receptors is required for intestinal homeostasis
    • Rakoff-Nahoum S, Paglino J, Eslami-Varzaneh F, Edberg S, Medzhitov R. Recognition of commensal microflora by toll-like receptors is required for intestinal homeostasis. Cell 2004;118(2):229-41.
    • (2004) Cell , vol.118 , Issue.2 , pp. 229-241
    • Rakoff-Nahoum, S.1    Paglino, J.2    Eslami-Varzaneh, F.3    Edberg, S.4    Medzhitov, R.5
  • 95
    • 19344374130 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Smad7 in TGF-beta-mediated negative regulation of gut inflammation
    • Monteleone G, Pallone F, MacDonald TT. Smad7 in TGF-beta-mediated negative regulation of gut inflammation. Trends in Immunology 2005;25(10):513-7.
    • (2005) Trends in Immunology , vol.25 , Issue.10 , pp. 513-517
    • Monteleone, G.1    Pallone, F.2    MacDonald, T.T.3
  • 96
    • 0034714188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of murine colitis by Lactococcus lactis secreting interleukin-10
    • Steidler L, Hans W, Schotte L, Neirynck S, Obermeier F, Falk W, et al. Treatment of murine colitis by Lactococcus lactis secreting interleukin-10. Science 2000;289(5483):1352-5.
    • (2000) Science , vol.289 , Issue.5483 , pp. 1352-1355
    • Steidler, L.1    Hans, W.2    Schotte, L.3    Neirynck, S.4    Obermeier, F.5    Falk, W.6
  • 97
    • 0347756655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Commensal anaerobic gut bacteria attenuate inflammation by regulating nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of PPAR-gamma and RelA
    • Kelly D, Campbell JI, King TP, Grant G, Jansson EA, Coutts AGP, et al. Commensal anaerobic gut bacteria attenuate inflammation by regulating nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling of PPAR-gamma and RelA. Nature Immunology 2004;5(1):104-12.
    • (2004) Nature Immunology , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 104-112
    • Kelly, D.1    Campbell, J.I.2    King, T.P.3    Grant, G.4    Jansson, E.A.5    Coutts, A.G.P.6
  • 98
    • 10744233159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor 9 signaling mediates the anti-inflammatory effects of probiotics in murine experimental colitis
    • Rachmilewitz D, Katakura K, Karmeli F, Hayashi T, Reinus C, Rudensky B, et al. Toll-like receptor 9 signaling mediates the anti-inflammatory effects of probiotics in murine experimental colitis. Gastroenterology 2004;126(2):520-8.
    • (2004) Gastroenterology , vol.126 , Issue.2 , pp. 520-528
    • Rachmilewitz, D.1    Katakura, K.2    Karmeli, F.3    Hayashi, T.4    Reinus, C.5    Rudensky, B.6
  • 99
    • 4444253690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NOD2 is a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor 2-mediated T helper type 1 responses
    • Watanabe T, Kitani A, Murray PJ, Strober W. NOD2 is a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor 2-mediated T helper type 1 responses. Nature Immunology 2004;5(8):800-8.
    • (2004) Nature Immunology , vol.5 , Issue.8 , pp. 800-808
    • Watanabe, T.1    Kitani, A.2    Murray, P.J.3    Strober, W.4
  • 101
    • 0035321325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dendritic cells express tight junction proteins and penetrate gut epithelial monolayers to sample bacteria
    • Rescigno M, Urbano M, Valzasina B, Francolini M, Rotta G, Bonasio R, et al. Dendritic cells express tight junction proteins and penetrate gut epithelial monolayers to sample bacteria. Nature Immunology 2001;2(4):361-7.
    • (2001) Nature Immunology , vol.2 , Issue.4 , pp. 361-367
    • Rescigno, M.1    Urbano, M.2    Valzasina, B.3    Francolini, M.4    Rotta, G.5    Bonasio, R.6
  • 102
    • 33746455097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toll-like receptor agonists stimulate differential functional activation and cytokine and chemokine gene expression in heterophils isolated from chickens with differential innate responses
    • Kogut MH, Swaggerty C, He HQ, Pevzner I, Kaiser P. Toll-like receptor agonists stimulate differential functional activation and cytokine and chemokine gene expression in heterophils isolated from chickens with differential innate responses. Microbes and Infection 2006;8(7):1866-74.
    • (2006) Microbes and Infection , vol.8 , Issue.7 , pp. 1866-1874
    • Kogut, M.H.1    Swaggerty, C.2    He, H.Q.3    Pevzner, I.4    Kaiser, P.5
  • 104
    • 33750049005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upregulation of oxidative burst and degranulation in chicken heterophils stimulated with probiotic bacteria
    • Farnell MB, Donoghue AM, Santos FSL, Blore PJ, Hargis BM, Tellez G, et al. Upregulation of oxidative burst and degranulation in chicken heterophils stimulated with probiotic bacteria. Poultry Science 2006;85(11):1900-6.
    • (2006) Poultry Science , vol.85 , Issue.11 , pp. 1900-1906
    • Farnell, M.B.1    Donoghue, A.M.2    Santos, F.S.L.3    Blore, P.J.4    Hargis, B.M.5    Tellez, G.6
  • 106
    • 2142810997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA from probiotic bacteria modulates murine and human epithelial and immune function
    • Jijon H, Backer J, Diaz H, Yeung H, Thiel D, McKaigney C, et al. DNA from probiotic bacteria modulates murine and human epithelial and immune function. Gastroenterology 2004;126(5):1358-73.
    • (2004) Gastroenterology , vol.126 , Issue.5 , pp. 1358-1373
    • Jijon, H.1    Backer, J.2    Diaz, H.3    Yeung, H.4    Thiel, D.5    McKaigney, C.6
  • 107
    • 0034284803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prokaryotic regulation of epithelial responses by inhibition of I kappa B-alpha ubiquitination
    • Neish AS, Gewirtz AT, Zeng H, Young AN, Hobert ME, Karmali V, et al. Prokaryotic regulation of epithelial responses by inhibition of I kappa B-alpha ubiquitination. Science 2000;289(5484):1560-3.
    • (2000) Science , vol.289 , Issue.5484 , pp. 1560-1563
    • Neish, A.S.1    Gewirtz, A.T.2    Zeng, H.3    Young, A.N.4    Hobert, M.E.5    Karmali, V.6
  • 109
    • 0346343472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intestinal immunomodulation by vitamin A deficiency and Lactobacillus-based probiotic in Eimeria acervulina-infected broiler Chickens
    • Dalloul RA, Lillehoj HS, Shellem TA, Doerr JA. Intestinal immunomodulation by vitamin A deficiency and Lactobacillus-based probiotic in Eimeria acervulina-infected broiler Chickens. Avian disease 2003;47(4):1313-20.
    • (2003) Avian Disease , vol.47 , Issue.4 , pp. 1313-1320
    • Dalloul, R.A.1    Lillehoj, H.S.2    Shellem, T.A.3    Doerr, J.A.4
  • 110
    • 33646586109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antigen presenting cells in mucosal sites of veterinary species
    • Haverson K, Riffault S. Antigen presenting cells in mucosal sites of veterinary species. Veterinary Research 2006;37(3):339-58.
    • (2006) Veterinary Research , vol.37 , Issue.3 , pp. 339-358
    • Haverson, K.1    Riffault, S.2
  • 112
    • 1542618118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induction of protective IgA by intestinal dendritic cells carrying commensal bacteria
    • Macpherson AJ, Uhr T. Induction of protective IgA by intestinal dendritic cells carrying commensal bacteria. Science 2004;303(5664):1662-5.
    • (2004) Science , vol.303 , Issue.5664 , pp. 1662-1665
    • Macpherson, A.J.1    Uhr, T.2
  • 113
    • 0030761775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of antibody concentration and avidity in antiviral protection
    • Bachmann MF, Kalinke U, Althage A, Freer G, Burkhart C, Roost H, et al. The role of antibody concentration and avidity in antiviral protection. Science 1997;276(5321):2024-7.
    • (1997) Science , vol.276 , Issue.5321 , pp. 2024-2027
    • Bachmann, M.F.1    Kalinke, U.2    Althage, A.3    Freer, G.4    Burkhart, C.5    Roost, H.6
  • 114
    • 0034705397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A primitive T cell-independent mechanism of intestinal mucosal IgA responses to commensal bacteria
    • Macpherson AJ, Gatto D, Sainsbury E, Harriman GR, Hengartner H, Zinkernagel RM. A primitive T cell-independent mechanism of intestinal mucosal IgA responses to commensal bacteria. Science 2000;288(5474):2222-6.
    • (2000) Science , vol.288 , Issue.5474 , pp. 2222-2226
    • Macpherson, A.J.1    Gatto, D.2    Sainsbury, E.3    Harriman, G.R.4    Hengartner, H.5    Zinkernagel, R.M.6
  • 115
    • 0034802944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IgA responses in the intestinal mucosa against pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms
    • Macpherson AJ, Hunziker L, McCoy K, Lamarre A. IgA responses in the intestinal mucosa against pathogenic and non-pathogenic microorganisms. Microbes and Infection 2001;3(12):1021-35.
    • (2001) Microbes and Infection , vol.3 , Issue.12 , pp. 1021-1035
    • Macpherson, A.J.1    Hunziker, L.2    McCoy, K.3    Lamarre, A.4
  • 118
    • 1342345197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and validation of a new in vitro assay for selection of probiotic bacteria that express immune-stimulating properties in chickens in vivo
    • Koenen ME, van der Hulst R, Leering M, Jeurissen SH, Boersma WJ. Development and validation of a new in vitro assay for selection of probiotic bacteria that express immune-stimulating properties in chickens in vivo. FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology 2004;40(2):119-27.
    • (2004) FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology , vol.40 , Issue.2 , pp. 119-127
    • Koenen, M.E.1    Van Der Hulst, R.2    Leering, M.3    Jeurissen, S.H.4    Boersma, W.J.5
  • 120
    • 32144453542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of probiotics on intestinal mucosal immunity and ultrastructure of cecal tonsils of chickens
    • Yurong Y, Ruiping S, Shimin Z, Yibao J. Effect of probiotics on intestinal mucosal immunity and ultrastructure of cecal tonsils of chickens. Archives of Animal Nutrition 2005;59(4):237-46.
    • (2005) Archives of Animal Nutrition , vol.59 , Issue.4 , pp. 237-246
    • Yurong, Y.1    Ruiping, S.2    Shimin, Z.3    Yibao, J.4
  • 121
    • 0033043785 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mouse beta-defensin 3 is an inducible antimicrobial peptide expressed in the epithelia of multiple organs
    • Bals R, Wang X, Meegalla RL, Wattler S, Weiner DJ, Nehls MC, et al. Mouse beta-defensin 3 is an inducible antimicrobial peptide expressed in the epithelia of multiple organs. Infection and Immunity 1999;67(7):3542-7.
    • (1999) Infection and Immunity , vol.67 , Issue.7 , pp. 3542-3547
    • Bals, R.1    Wang, X.2    Meegalla, R.L.3    Wattler, S.4    Weiner, D.J.5    Nehls, M.C.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.