Prognostic and predictive factors in colorectal cancer

Chirurgia (Romania)

Volumn 109, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 555-563

  Bolocan, A ^a   Ion, D ^a   Ciocan, D N ^b   Paduraru, D N ^a  

^a Universitary Emergency Hospital Bucharest   (Romania)

^b Sfantul Ioan Emergency Clinical Hospital   (Romania)

Author keywords

Angiogenesis; Circulating cells; Colorectal carcinoma; Genomic instability; Invasion; Prognostic markers; Review

Indexed keywords

CA 19-9 ANTIGEN; CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN; THYMIDYLATE SYNTHASE; TUMOR MARKER;

APOPTOSIS; BLOOD; CANCER STAGING; CELL PROLIFERATION; CHEMISTRY; COLORECTAL TUMOR; GENETICS; GENOMIC INSTABILITY; HUMAN; MORTALITY; NEOVASCULARIZATION (PATHOLOGY); ONCOGENE RAS; PATHOLOGY; PREDICTIVE VALUE; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; TUMOR SUPPRESSOR GENE;

APOPTOSIS; CA-19-9 ANTIGEN; CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN; CELL PROLIFERATION; COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS; GENES, P53; GENES, RAS; GENOMIC INSTABILITY; HUMANS; NEOPLASM STAGING; NEOVASCULARIZATION, PATHOLOGIC; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; PROGNOSIS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; THYMIDYLATE SYNTHASE; TUMOR MARKERS, BIOLOGICAL;

EID: 84874141494     PISSN: 12219118     EISSN: 1842368X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (78)

1. Parkin DM. Global cancer statistics in the year 2000. Lancet Oncol. 2001;2(9):533-43.
2. Dimofte G, Târcoveanu E, Taraşi M, Panait C, Lozneanu G, Nicolescu S, et al. Mean number of lymph nodes in colonic cancer specimen: possible quality control index for surgical performance. Chirurgia (Bucur). 2011;106(6):759-64.
3. Panait L, Suresh S, Fancher T T, Singh-Braich P, Sim Y, Dudrick SJ. Do laparoscopic colectomy techniques compromise oncologic principles? Chirurgia (Bucur). 2011;106(4):475-8.
4. Kerr J F, Winterford CM, Harmon BV. Apoptosis. Its significance in cancer and cancer therapy. Cancer. 1994;73(8):2013-26.
5. Wyllie AH. Apoptosis: an overview. Br Med Bull. 1997;53(3): 451-65.
6. Isola JJ, Helin HJ, Helle MJ and Kallioniemi OP: Evaluation of cell proliferation in breast carcinoma. Comparison of Ki-67 immunohistochemical study, DNA flow cytometric analysis, and mitotic count. Cancer. 1990;65(5):1180-4.
7. Eminović-Behrem S, Trobonjaca Z, Petrovecki M, Dobi-Babić R, Dujmović M, Jonjić N. Prognostic significance of DNA ploidy pattern and nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) in colorectal carcinoma. Croat Med J. 2000;41(2):154-8.
8. Bravo R, Frank R, Blundell PA, Macdonald-Bravo H. Cyclin/PCNA is the auxiliary protein of DNA polymerase-delta. Nature. 1987;326(6112):515-7.
9. Levine AJ. p53, the cellular gatekeeper for growth and division. Cell. 1997;88(3):323-31.
10. Sigal A, Rotter V. Oncogenic mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor: the demons of the guardian of the genome. Cancer Res. 2000;60(24):6788-93.
11. Benchimol S, Fuks A, Jothy S, Beauchemin N, Shirota K, Stanners C P. Carcinoembryonic antigen, a human tumor marker, functions as an intercellular adhesion molecule. Cell. 1989; 57(2):327-34.
12. Ilantzis C, DeMarte L, Screaton RA, Stanners CP: Deregulated expression of the human tumor marker CEA and CEA family member CEACAM6 disrupts tissue architecture and blocks colonocyte differentiation. Neoplasia. 2002;4(2):151-63.
13. Sanders DS, Kerr MA. Lewis blood group and CEA related antigens; coexpressed cell-cell adhesion molecules with roles in the biological progression and dissemination of tumours. Mol Pathol. 1999;52(4):174-8.
14. Fletcher RH. Carcinoembryonic antigen. Ann Intern Med. 1986;104(1):66-73.
15. Miura M, Ichikawa Y, Tanaka K, Kamiyama M, Hamaguchi Y, Ishikawa T, et al. Real-time PCR (TaqMan PCR) quantification of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) mRNA in the peripheral blood of colorectal cancer patients. Anticancer Res. 2003; 23(2B):1271-6.
16. Magnani JL, Steplewski Z, Koprowski H, Ginsburg V. Identification of the gastrointestinal and pancreatic cancer-associated antigen detected by monoclonal antibody 19-9 in the sera of patients as a mucin. Cancer Res. 1983; 43(11): 5489-92.
17. Ritts RE Jr, Del Villano BC, Go VL, Herberman RB, Klug TL, Zurawski VR Jr. Initial clinical evaluation of an immuno-radiometric assay for CA 19-9 using the NCI serum bank. Int J Cancer. 1984;33(3):339-45.
18. Gupta MK, Arciaga R, Bocci L, Tubbs R, Bukowski R, Deodhar SD: Measurement of a monoclonal-antibody-defined antigen (CA19-9) in the sera of patients with malignant and nonmalignant diseases. Comparison with carcinoembryonic antigen. Cancer. 1985;56(2):277-83.
19. Thomas WM, Robertson J F, Price MR, Hardcastle JD. Failure of CA19-9 to detect asymptomatic colorectal carcinoma. Br J Cancer. 1991;63(6):975-6.
20. Iemura K, Moriya Y. A comparative analysis of the serum levels of NCC-ST-439, CEA and CA19-9 in patients with colorectal carcinoma. Eur J Surg Oncol. 1993;19(5):439-42.
21. Ion D, Jinga D, Stoian RV, Bolocan A, Paduraru DN, Serban MB, et al. Arguments in favour of the compulsoriness of the imunohistochimic (IHC) exam in the colo-rectal cancer. IASGO Bucuresti 2012.
22. Filella X, Molina R, Pique JM, Garcia-Valdecasas JC, Grau JJ, Novell F, et al. Use of CA 19-9 in the early detection of recurrences in colorectal cancer: comparison with CEA. Tumour Biol. 1994;15(1):1-6.
23. Yamachika T, Nakanishi H, Inada K, Tsukamoto T, Kato T, Fukushima M et al: A new prognostic factor for colorectal carcinoma, thymidylate synthase, and its therapeutic significance. Cancer. 1998;82(1):70-7.
24. Edler D, Hallstrom M, Johnston PG, Magnusson I, Ragnhammar P, Blomgren H. Thymidylate synthase expression: an independent prognostic factor for local recurrence, distant metastasis, disease-free and overall survival in rectal cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2000;6(4):1378-84.
25. Suzuki M, Tsukagoshi S, Saga Y, Ohwada M, Sato I. Enhanced expression of thymidylate synthase may be of prognostic importance in advanced cervical cancer. Oncology. 1999; 57(1):50-4.
26. Vogelstein B, Fearon ER, Hamilton SR, Kern SE, Preisinger AC, Leppert M et al. Genetic alterations during colorectal-tumor development. N Engl J Med. 1988;319(9):525-32.
27. Valentini AM, Renna L, Armentano R, Pirrelli M, Di Leo A, Gentile M, et al. Mismatch repair, p53 and beta-catenin proteins in colorectal cancer. Anticancer Res. 2002;22(4):2083-8.
28. Bunz F, Hwang PM, Torrance C, Waldman T, Zhang Y, Dillehay L, et al. Disruption of p53 in human cancer cells alters the responses to therapeutic agents. J Clin Invest. 1999; 104(3):263-9.
29. Sinicrope FA, Roddey G, McDonnell TJ, Shen Y, Cleary KR and Stephens LC: Increased apoptosis accompanies neoplastic development in the human colorectum. Clin Cancer Res 2(12):1999-2006, 1996.
30. Olariu A, Bartoş A, Bartoş D, Neciu C, Mocan L, Zaharie F, et al. Evaluation of prognostic factors for colon cancer. Chirurgia (Bucur). 2012;107(2):174-9. Romanian
31. Schwandner O, Schiedeck TH, Bruch H P, Duchrow M, Windhoevel U, Broll R. Apoptosis in rectal cancer: prognostic significance in comparison with clinical histopathologic, and immunohistochemical variables. Dis Colon Rectum. 2000; 43(9):1227-36.
32. Hawkins N, Lees J, Hargrave R, O'Connor T, Meagher A, Ward R. Pathological and genetic correlates of apoptosis in the progression of colorectal neoplasia. Tumour Biol. 1997; 18(3):146-56.
33. Paradiso A, Simone G, Lena MD, Leone B, Vallejo C, Lacava J, et al. Expression of apoptosis-related markers and clinical outcome in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer. 2001;84(5):651-8.
34. Tenjo T, Toyoda M, Okuda J, Watanabe I, Yamamoto T, Tanaka K, et al. Prognostic significance of p27(kip1) protein expression and spontaneous apoptosis in patients with colorectal adenocarcinomas. Oncology. 2000;58(1):45-51.
35. Michael-Robinson JM, Biemer-Huttmann A, Purdie DM, Walsh MD, Simms LA, Biden KG, et al. Tumour infiltrating lymphocytes and apoptosis are independent features in colorectal cancer stratified according to microsatellite instability status. Gut. 2001; 48(3):360-6.
36. Nomura M, Watari J, Yokota K, Saitoh Y, Obara T, Kohgo Y. Morphogenesis of nonpolypoid colorectal adenomas and early carcinomas assessed by cell proliferation and apoptosis. Virchows Arch. 2000;437(1):17-24.
37. Paradiso A, Simone G, Petroni S, Leone B, Vallejo C, Lacava J, et al. Thymidilate synthase and p53 primary tumour expression as predictive factors for advanced colorectal cancer patients. Br J Cancer. 2000;82(3):560-7.
38. Lamlum H, Papadopoulou A, Ilyas M, Rowan A, Gillet C, Hanby A, et al. APC mutations are sufficient for the growth of early colorectal adenomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000; 97(5):2225-8.
39. Potter JD. Colorectal cancer: molecules and populations. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999;91(11):916-32.
40. Flohil CC, Janssen PA and Bosman F T. Expression of Bcl-2 protein in hyperplastic polyps, adenomas, and carcinomas of the colon. J Pathol. 1996;178(4):393-7.
41. Kawasaki H, Altieri DC, Lu CD, Toyoda M, Tenjo T, Tanigawa N: Inhibition of apoptosis by survivin predicts shorter survival rates in colorectal cancer. Cancer Res. 1998;58(22):5071-4.
42. Hao X, Du M, Bishop AE, Talbot IC. Imbalance between proliferation and apoptosis in the development of colorectal carcinoma. Virchows Arch. 1998;433(6):523-7.
43. Pereira H, Silva S, Julião R, Garcia P, Perpétua F. Prognostic markers for colorectal cancer: expression of p53 and Bcl-2. World J Surg. 1997;21(2):210-3.
44. Leahy DT, Mulcahy HE, O'Donoghue D P, Parfrey NA. Bcl-2 protein expression is associated with better prognosis in colorectal cancer. Histopathology. 1999;35(4):360-7.
45. Gordon MS, Margolin K, Talpaz M, Sledge GW Jr, Holmgren E, Benjamin R, et al. Phase I safety and pharmacokinetic study of recombinant human anti-vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with advanced cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2001; 19(3):843-50.
46. Nastase A, Pâslaru L, Niculescu AM, Ionescu M, Dumitraşcu T, Herlea V, et al. Prognostic and predictive potential molecular bio-markers in colon cancer. Chirurgia (Bucur). 2011; 106(2):177-85.
47. Popescu NC, Amsbaugh SC, DiPaolo JA, Tronick SR, Aaronson SA, Swan DC. Chromosomal localization of three human ras genes by in situ molecular hybridization. Somat Cell Mol Genet. 1985;11(2):149-55.
48. Pajkos G, Kiss I, Sándor J, Ember I, Kisházi P. The prognostic value of the presence of mutations at the codons 12, 13, 61 of K-ras oncogene in colorectal cancer. Anticancer Res. 2000; 20(3A):1695-7 01.
49. Mehlen P, Rabizadeh S, Snipas SJ, Assa-Munt N, Salvesen GS, Bredesen DE. The DCC gene product induces apoptosis by a mechanism requiring receptor proteolysis. Nature. 1998;395 (6704):801-4.
50. Hsu YH, Shaw CK. The DCC protein expression in breast carcinoma. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2000;16(5):233-40.
51. Saito M, Yamaguchi A, Goi T, Tsuchiyama T, Nakagawara G, Urano T, et al. Expression of DCC protein in colorectal tumors and its relationship to tumor progression and metastasis. Oncology. 1999;56(2):134-41.
52. Bolocan A, Ion D, Stoian RV, Serban MB. HNPCC Syndrome (Hereditary non polypoid colorectal cancer) under-diagnosed or neglected pathology. Archives of the Balkan Medical Union. 2010;45(3):245-49.
53. Mureşan F, Simescu R, Domşa I, Buiga R, Cazacu M. Immunohistochemical screening of hMLH1 and hMSH2 gene mutations in patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer and microsatellite instability suspicion. Chirurgia (Bucur). 2011; 106(6):775-80. Romanian
54. Halford S, Sasieni P, Rowan A, Wasan H, Bodmer W, Talbot I, et al. Low-level microsatellite instability occurs in most colorectal cancers and is a nonrandomly distributed quantitative trait. Cancer Res. 2002;62(1):53-7.
55. Lengauer C, Kinzler K W, Vogelstein B. Genetic instabilities in human cancers. Nature. 1998;396(6712):643-9.
56. Shih IM, Zhou W, Goodman SN, Lengauer C, Kinzler K W, Vogelstein B. Evidence that genetic instability occurs at an early stage of colorectal tumorigenesis. Cancer Res. 2001; 61(3):818-22.
57. Evertson S, Wallin A, Arbman G, Rutten S, Emterling A, Zhang H, et al. Microsatellite instability and MBD4 mutation in unse-lected colorectal cancer. Anticancer Res. 2003;23(4): 3569-74.
58. Albano WA, Recabaren JA, Lynch HT, Campbell AS, Mailliard JA, Organ CH, et al. Natural history of hereditary cancer of the breast and colon. Cancer. 1982;50(2):360-3.
59. Szabo S, Sandor Z. The diagnostic and prognostic value of tumor angiogenesis. Eur J Surg Suppl. 1998;(582):99-1 03.
60. Poon RT, Fan S T, Wong J. Clinical implications of circulating angiogenic factors in cancer patients. J Clin Oncol. 2001; 19(4):1207-25.
61. Minagawa N, Nakayama Y, Hirata K, Onitsuka K, Inoue Y, Nagata N, et al. Correlation of plasma level and immunohisto-chemical expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with advanced colorectal cancer. Anticancer Res. 2002; 22(5):2957-63.
62. Kumar H, Heer K, Duthie GS, Monson Jr. Kinetics of postoperative serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-can it be used to predict curative resections in colorectal cancer? Anticancer Res. 2002;22(6B):3717-22.
63. Mazilu L, Ciufu N, Gãlan M, Suceveanu AI, Suceveanu A P, Parepa IR, et al. Postherapeutic follow-up of colorectal cancer patients treated with curative intent. Chirurgia (Bucur). 2012; 107(1):55-8.
64. Folkman J. Tumor angiogenesis and tissue factor. Nat Med. 1996; 2(2):167-8.
65. Broll R, Erdmann H, Duchrow M, Oevermann E, Schwandner O, Markert U, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-a valuable serum tumour marker in patients with colorectal cancer? Eur J Surg Oncol. 2001;27(1):37-42.
66. Cassano A, Bagala C, Battelli C, Schinzari G, Quirino M, Ratto C, et al. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, mitogen-activated protein kinase and p53 in human colorectal cancer. Anticancer Res. 2002;22(4):2179-84.
67. Ellis LM. A targeted approach for antiangiogenic therapy of metastatic human colon cancer. Am Surg. 2003;69(1):3-10.
68. Cascinu S, Graziano F, Valentini M, Catalano V, Giordani P, Staccioli M P, et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression, S-phase fraction and thymidylate synthase quantitation in node-positive colon cancer: relationships with tumor recurrence and resistance to adjuvant chemotherapy. Ann Oncol. 2001; 12(2):239-44.
69. Kumar H, Heer K, Greenman J, Kerin MJ, Monson Jr. Soluble F LT-1 is detectable in the sera of colorectal and breast cancer patients. Anticancer Res. 2002;22(3):1877-80.
70. Coussens LM, Werb Z. Matrix metalloproteinases and the development of cancer. Chem Biol. 1996;3(11):895-9 04.
71. Nagase H, Woessner JF Jr. Matrix metalloproteinases. J Biol Chem. 1999;274(31):21491-4.
72. Kahari VM, Saarialho-Kere U. Matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in tumour growth and invasion. Ann Med. 1999; 31(1):34-45.
73. Kerkela E, Ala-aho R, Klemi P, Grenman S, Shapiro SD, Kahari VM, et al. Metalloelastase (MMP-12) expression by tumour cells in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva correlates with invasiveness, while that by macrophages predicts better outcome. J Pathol. 2002;198(2):258-69;.
74. Murray D, Morrin M, McDonnell S. Increased invasion and expression of MMP-9 in human colorectal cell lines by a CD44-dependent mechanism. Anticancer Res. 2004;24(2A):489-94.
75. Visca P, Del Nonno F, Botti C, Marandino F, Sebastiani V, Di Tondo U, et al. Role and prognostic significance of CD44s expression in colorectal cancer. Anticancer Res. 2002;22(5): 2671-5.
76. Nelson AR, Fingleton B, Rothenberg ML, Matrisian LM. Matrix metalloproteinases: biologic activity and clinical implications. J Clin Oncol. 2000;18(5):1135-49.
77. Lukyanchuk V V, Friess H, Kleeff J, Osinsky S P, Ayuni E, Candinas D, et al. Detection of circulating tumor cells by cytokeratin 20 and prostate stem cell antigen RT-PCR in blood of patients with gastrointestinal cancers. Anticancer Res. 2003; 23(3B):2711-6.
78. Molnar B, Sipos F, Galamb O, Tulassay Z: Molecular detection of circulating cancer cells. Role in diagnosis, prognosis and follow-up of colon cancer patients. Dig Dis. 2003;21(4):320-5.