Differential effect of baclofen on cortical and spinal inhibitory circuits

Clinical Neurophysiology

Volumn 124, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 339-345

  Stetkarova, Ivana ^a,b   Kofler, Markus ^c  

^a CHARLES UNIVERSITY   (Czech Republic)

^b NA HOMOLCE HOSPITAL   (Czech Republic)

^c Hochzirl Hospital   (Austria)

Author keywords

Cortical silent periods; Cutaneous silent periods; H reflex; Intrathecal baclofen; Spinal reflex; Transcranial magnetic stimulation

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID B RECEPTOR; BACLOFEN; CLONAZEPAM; GABAPENTIN; PREGABALIN; TETRAZEPAM; TIZANIDINE;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CORTICAL SILENT PERIOD; CUTANEOUS SILENT PERIOD; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG EFFECT; EVOKED MUSCLE RESPONSE; FEMALE; H MUSCLE REFLEX; HUMAN; LATENT PERIOD; MALE; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NERVOUS SYSTEM PARAMETERS; NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REFLEX; SOLEUS MUSCLE; SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA; SPASTICITY; SPINAL CORD INJURY;

ADULT; BACLOFEN; CEREBRAL CORTEX; FEMALE; GABA-B RECEPTOR AGONISTS; H-REFLEX; HUMANS; INJECTIONS, SPINAL; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; MUSCLE, SKELETAL; REACTION TIME; REFLEX; SPINAL INJURIES; SPINAL NERVES; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 84872385643     PISSN: 13882457     EISSN: 18728952     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.07.005     Document Type: Article

References (77)

1. Albright A.L., Cervi A., Singletary J. Intrathecal baclofen for spasticity in cerebral palsy. J Am Med Assoc 1991, 265:1418-1422.
2. B agonist, (-) baclofen, on neurones in deep dorsal horn of the rat spinal cord in vitro. Brit J Pharmacol 1989, 96:29-38.
3. Baraduc P., Lang N., Rothwell J.C., Wolpert D.M. Consolidation of dynamic motor learning is not disrupted by rTMS of primary motor cortex. Curr Biol 2004, 14:252-256.
4. Bohannon R.W., Smith M.B. Interrater reliability of a modified Ashworth Scale of muscle spasticity. Phys Ther 1987, 67:206-207.
5. Bütefisch C.M., Davis B.C., Wise S.P., Sawaki L., Kopylev L., Classen J., et al. Mechanisms of use-dependent plasticity in the human motor cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000, 97:3661-3665.
6. Caccia M.R., McComas A.J., Upton A.R.M., Blogg T. Cutaneous reflexes in small muscles of the hand. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1973, 36:960-977.
7. Centonze D., Koch G., Versace V., Mori F., Rossi S., Brusa L., et al. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex ameliorates spasticity in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2007, 68:1045-1050.
8. Clouston P.D., Lim C.L., Sue C., Morris J.G.L., Yiannikas C. Apomorphine can increase cutaneous inhibition of motor activity in Parkinson's disease. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1996, 101:8-15.
9. Curra A., Modugno N., Inghilleri M., Manfredi M., Hallett M., Berardelli A. Transcranial magnetic stimulation techniques in clinical investigation. Neurology 2002, 59:1851-1859.
10. Curtis D.R., Gynther B.D., Lacey G., Beattie D.T. Baclofen: reduction of presynaptic calcium influx in the cat spinal cord in vivo. Exp Brain Res 1997, 113:520-533.
11. Deuschl G. Long-latency reflexes following stretch and nerve stimulation. Movement Disorders 2003, Vol. 1:285-294. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
12. di Lazzaro V., Pilato F., Dileone M., Tonali P.A., Ziemann U. Dissociated effects of diazepam and lorazepam on short-latency afferent inhibition. J Physiol 2005, 569:315-323.
13. Dressnandt J., Auer C., Conrad B. Influence of baclofen upon the alpha-motoneuron in spasticity by means of F-wave analysis. Muscle Nerve 1995, 18:103-107.
14. Elbasiouny S.M., Moroz D., Bakr M.M., Mushahwar V.K. Management of Spasticity after spinal cord injury: current techniques and future directions. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2010, 24:23-33.
15. Floeter M.K. Cutaneous silent periods. Muscle Nerve 2003, 28:391-401.
16. Floyer-Lea A., Wylezinska M., Kincses T., Matthews P.M. Rapid modulation of GABA concentration in human sensorimotor cortex during motor learning. J Neurophysiol 2006, 95:1639-1644.
17. Fuhr P., Zeffiro T., Hallett M. Cutaneous reflexes in Parkinson's disease. Muscle Nerve 1992, 15:733-739.
18. Gracies JM, Elovic E, McGuire J, Simpson D. Traditional pharmacological treatments for spasticity - Part II: General and regional treatments. Muscle Nerve 1997;20 (Suppl.6):S92-S120.
19. Han J.K., Oh K., Kim B.J., Koh S.B., Kim J.Y., Park K.W., et al. Cutaneous silent period in patients with restless leg syndrome. Clin Neurophysiol 2007, 118:1705-1710.
20. Kähkönen S., Ilmoniemi R.J. Transcranial magnetic stimulation: applications for neuropsychopharmacology. J Psychopharmacol 2004, 18:257-261.
21. Inghilleri M., Berardelli A., Marchetti P., Manfredi M. Effects of diazepam, baclofen and thiopental on the silent period evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation in humans. Exp Brain Res 1996, 109:467-472.
22. Inghilleri M., Conte A., Frasca V., Berardelli A., Manfredi M., Cruccu G. Is the cutaneous silent period an opiate-sensitive nociceptive reflex?. Muscle Nerve 2002, 25:695-699.
23. A receptor subunit gamma 2 in extensor and flexor motoneurons and astrocytes after spinal cord transection and motor training. Brain Res 2009, 1273:9-17.
24. Kim J.Y., Han S.J., Yoon T.S. Minimal electrical stimulation intensity and duration to elicit maximal cutaneous silent period in hand. Neurophysiol Clin 2009, 39:291-294.
25. Kofler M. Functional organization of exteroceptive inhibition following nociceptive electrical fingertip stimulation in humans. Clin Neurophysiol 2003, 114:973-980.
26. Kofler M. Influence of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on cutaneous silent periods in humans. Neurosci Lett 2004, 360:69-72.
27. Kofler M., Donovan W.H., Loubser P.G., Beric A. Effects of intrathecal baclofen on lumbosacral and cortical somatosensory evoked potentials. Neurology 1992, 42:864-868.
28. Kofler M., Fuhr P., Leis A.A., Glocker F.X., Kronenberg M.F., Wissel J., et al. Modulation of upper extremity motor evoked potentials by cutaneous afferents in humans. Clin Neurophysiol 2001, 112:1053-1063.
29. Kofler M., Kronenberg M.F., Brenneis C., Felber A., Saltuari L. Cutaneous silent periods in intramedullary spinal cord lesions. J Neurol Sci 2003, 216:67-79.
30. Kofler M., Kronenberg M.F., Rifici C., Saltuari L., Bauer G. Epileptic seizures associated with intrathecal baclofen application. Neurology 1994, 44:25-27.
31. Kofler M., Kumru H., Stetkarova I., Ruegg S., Fuhr P., Leis A.A. Cutaneous silent periods are not affected by the antihistaminic drug cetirizine. Clin Neurophysiol 2009, 120:1013-1016.
32. Kofler M., Kumru H., Stetkarova I., Schindler C., Fuhr P. Muscle force up to 50% of maximum does not affect cutaneous silent periods in thenar muscles. Clin Neurophysiol 2007, 118:2025-2030.
33. Kofler M., Quirbach E., Schauer R., Singer M., Saltuari L. Limitations of intrathecal baclofen for spastic hemiparesis following stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2009, 23:26-31.
34. Kofler M., Saltuari L., Schmutzhard E., Berek K., Baumgartner H., Russegger L., et al. Electrophysiological findings in a case of severe intrathecal baclofen overdose. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1992, 83:83-86.
35. Kofler M., Wissel J., Müller J., Brenneis C. Influence of intrathecal baclofen on silent periods in dystonia. Muscle Nerve 2000, 23:1145-1146.
36. Kumru H., Kofler M., Valls-Solé J., Portell E., Vidal J. Brainstem reflexes are enhanced following severe spinal cord injury and reduced by continuous intrathecal baclofen. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2009, 23:921-927.
37. Kumru H., Opisso E., Valls-Solé J., Kofler M. The effect of a prepulse stimulus on the EMG rebound following the cutaneous silent period. J Physiol 2009, 587:587-595.
38. Kumru H., Stetkarova I., Schindler C., Vidal J., Kofler M. Neurophysiological evidence for muscle tone reduction by intrathecal baclofen at the brainstem level. Clin Neurophysiol 2011, 122:1229-1237.
39. Kumru H., Vidal J., Kofler M., Benito J., Garcia A., Valls-Sole J. Exaggerated auditory startle responses in patients with spinal cord injury. J Neurol 2008, 255:703-709.
40. Kumru H., Murillo N., Vidal J.S., Valls-Solé J., Edwards D., Pelayo R., et al. Reduction of spasticity with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with spinal cord injury. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2010, 24:435-441.
41. Kumru H., Vidal J., Kofler M., Portell E., Valls-Solé J. Alterations in excitatory and inhibitory brainstem interneuronal circuits following severe spinal cord injury. J Neurotrauma 2010, 27:721-728.
42. Kurtzke J.F. Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Neurology 1983, 33:1444-1452.
43. Latash M.L., Penn R.D., Corcos D.M., Gottlieb G.L. Short-term effects of intrathecal baclofen in spasticity. Exp Neurol 1989, 103:165-172.
44. Lazorthes Y., Sallerin Caute B., Verdie J.C., Bastide R., Carillo J.P. Chronic intrathecal baclofen administration for control of severe spasticity. J Neurosurg 1990, 72:393-402.
45. Leis A.A., Kofler M., Ross M.A. The silent period in pure sensory neuronopathy. Muscle Nerve 1992, 15:1345-1348.
46. Leis A.A., Stokic D.S., Fuhr P., Kofler M., Kronenberg M.F., Wissel J., et al. Nociceptive fingertip stimulation inhibits synergistic motoneuron pools in the human upper limb. Neurology 2000, 55:1305-1309.
47. Macdonell R.A., Talalla A., Swash M., Grundy D. Intrathecal baclofen and the H reflex. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1989, 52:1110-1112.
48. Marino R.J., Barros T., Biering-Sorensen F., Burns S.P., Donovan W.H., Graves D.E., et al. International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med 2003, 26(Suppl. 1):S50-S56.
49. B receptors in intracortical inhibition in the human motor cortex. Exp Brain Res 2006, 173:86-93.
50. B receptor agonist baclofen. Exp Brain Res 2007, 180:181-186.
51. Meythaler J.M., deVivo M.J., Hadley M. Prospective study on the use of bolus intrathecal baclofen for spastic hypertonia due to acquired brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1996, 77:461-466.
52. Muellbacher W., Ziemann U., Wissel J., Dang N., Kofler M., Facchini S., et al. Early consolidation in human primary motor cortex. Nature 2002, 415:640-644.
53. öz O., Erdogan C., Yucel M., Akgun H., Kutukcu Y., Gokcil Z., et al. Effect of pramipexole on cutaneous-silent-period parameters in patients with restless legs syndrome. Clin Neurophysiol 2012, 123:154-159.
54. Paulus W., Classen J., Cohen L.G., Large C.H., di L.V., Nitsche M., et al. State of the art: pharmacologic effects on cortical excitability measures tested by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Brain Stimul 2008, 1:151-163.
55. B receptor agonists and antagonists. J Neurophysiol 1998, 79:181-189.
56. Pohl M., Rockstroh G., Rückriem S., Mehrholz J., Pause M., Koch R., et al. Time course of the effect of a bolus dose of intrathecal baclofen on severe cerebral spasticity. J Neurol 2003, 250:1195-1200.
57. Pullman S.L., Ford B., Elibol B., Uncini A., Su P.C., Fahn S. Cutaneous electromyographic silent period findings in brachial dystonia. Neurology 1996, 46:503-508.
58. Rodi Z., Springer C. Influence of muscle contraction and intensity of stimulation on the cutaneous silent period. Muscle Nerve 2011, 43:324-328.
59. Romaniello A., Truini A., Galeotti F., de Lena C., Willer J.C., Cruccu G. Cutaneous silent period in hand muscle is evoked by laser stimulation of the palm, but not the hand dorsum. Muscle Nerve 2004, 29:870-872.
60. Sallerin-Caute B., Lazorthes Y., Monsarrat B., Cros J., Bastide R. CSF baclofen levels after intrathecal administration in severe spasticity. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1991, 40:363-365.
61. Saltuari L., Baumgartner H., Kofler M., Schmutzhard E., Russegger L., Aichner F., et al. Failure of physiostigmine in treatment of acute severe intrathecal baclofen intoxication. New Engl J Med 1990, 322:1533-1534.
62. Serrao M., Parisi L., Pierelli F., Rossi P. Cutaneous afferents mediating the cutaneous silent period in the upper limbs: evidences for a role of low-threshold sensory fibres. Clin Neurophysiol 2001, 112:2007-2014.
63. Serrao M., Parisi L., Valente G., Martini A., Fattapposta F., Pierelli F., et al. L-Dopa decreases cutaneous nociceptive inhibition of motor activity in Parkinson's disease. Acta Neurol Scand 2002, 105:196-201.
64. Sheean G. The pathophysiology of spasticity. Eur J Neurol 2002, 9(Suppl 1):3-9.
65. Siebner H.R., Dressnandt J., Auer C., Conrad B. Continuous intrathecal baclofen infusions induced a marked increase of the transcranially evoked silent period in a patient with generalized dystonia. Muscle Nerve 1998, 21:1209-1212.
66. Stagg C.J., Bachtiar V., Johansen-Berg H. The role of GABA in human motor learning. Curr Biol 2011, 21:480-484.
67. Stetkarova I., Kofler M. Cutaneous silent periods in the assessment of mild cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Spine 2009, 34:34-42.
68. Stokic D.S., Yablon S.A. Neurophysiological basis and clinical applications of the H reflex as an adjunct for evaluating response to intrathecal baclofen for spasticity. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2007, 97:231-241.
69. Stokic DS, Yablon SA. Effect of concentration and mode of intrathecal baclofen administration on soleus H-reflex in patients with muscle hypertonia. Clin Neurophysiol 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2012.04.007.
70. Stokic D.S., Yablon S.A., Hayes A. Comparison of clinical and neurophysiologic responses to intrathecal baclofen bolus administration in moderate-to-severe spasticity after acquired brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005, 86:1801-1806.
71. Svilpauskaite J., Truffert A., Vaiciene N., Magistris M.R. Electrophysiology of small peripheral nerve fibers in man. A study using the cutaneous silent period. Medicina (Kaunas) 2006, 42:300-313.
72. Taricco M., Pagliacci M.C., Telaro E., Adone R. Pharmacological interventions for spasticity following spinal cord injury: results of a cochrane systematic review. Eura Medicophys 2006, 42:5-15.
73. Thaler C., Kiechl S., Kofler M., Willeit J., Wissel J., Poewe W. Stiff leg syndrome-a focal form of stiff man syndrome?. Mov Disord 1998, 13(Suppl. 2):308.
74. Uncini A., Kujirai T., Gluck B., Pullman S. Silent period induced by cutaneous stimulation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1991, 81:344-352.
75. Willerslev-Olsen M., Lundbye-Jensen J., Petersen T.H., Nielsen J.B. The effect of baclofen and diazepam on motor skill acquisition in healthy subjects. Exp Brain Res 2011, 213:465-474.
76. Zieglgänsberger W., Howe J.R., Sutor B. The neuropharmacology of baclofen. Local-spinal therapy of spasticity 1988, 37-49. Springer, Berlin. H. Müller, J. Zierski, R.D. Penn (Eds.).
77. Ziemann U., Meintzschel F., Korchounov A., Ilic T.V. Pharmacological modulation of plasticity in the human motor cortex. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2006, 20:243-251.