Alterations in excitatory and inhibitory brainstem interneuronal circuits after severe spinal cord injury

Journal of Neurotrauma

Volumn 27, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 721-728

  Kumru, Hatice ^a   Vidal, Joan ^a   Kofler, Markus ^a   Portell, Enric ^a   Valls Solé, Josep ^b  

^a University Institute affiliated with the Autonomous University of Barcelona   (Spain)

^b HOSPITAL CLÍNIC   (Spain)

Author keywords

Blink reflex; Brainstem; Interneuronal circuits; Prepulse; Recovery curve; Spinal cord injury

Indexed keywords

BACLOFEN;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BRAIN STEM RESPONSE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG EFFICACY; EYELID REFLEX; FEMALE; GABAERGIC SYSTEM; HUMAN; INDEX FINGER; INJURY SEVERITY; MALE; NERVE EXCITABILITY; NERVE STIMULATION; PREPULSE INHIBITION; SPINAL CORD INJURY;

ADULT; AGED; BACLOFEN; BLINKING; BRAIN STEM; EXCITATORY POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIALS; FEMALE; GABA AGONISTS; GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; HUMANS; INHIBITORY POSTSYNAPTIC POTENTIALS; INTERNEURONS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEURAL INHIBITION; NEURAL PATHWAYS; NEURONAL PLASTICITY; PHYSICAL STIMULATION; REACTION TIME; RECOVERY OF FUNCTION; SENSORY GATING; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 77951281516     PISSN: 08977151     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/neu.2009.1089     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Arai, S., Takuma, K., Mizoguchi, H., Ibi, D., Nagai, T., Takahashi, K., Kamei, H., Nabeshima, T., and Yamada, K. (2008). Involvement of pallidotegmental neurons in methamphetamine-and MK-801-induced impairment of prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex in mice: reversal by GABAB receptor agonist baclofen. Neuropsychopharmacology 33, 3164-3175.
2. Basso, M.A., Powers, A.S., and Evinger, C. (1996). An explanation for reflex blink hyperexcitability in Parkinson's disease: I: superior colliculus. J. Neurosci. 16, 7308-7317. (Pubitemid 26382905)
3. Berardelli, A., Cruccu, G., Kimura, J., Ongerboer de Visser, B.W., and Valls-Solé, J. (1999). The orbicularis oculi reflexes. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. Suppl. 52, 249-253.
4. Blumenthal T.D., and Goode, C.T. (1991). The startle eyeblink response to low intensity acoustic stimuli. Psychophysiology 28, 296-306.
5. Blumenthal, T.D. (1996). Inhibition of the human startle response is affected by both prepulse intensity and eliciting stimulus intensity. Biol. Psychol. 44, 85-104.
6. Braff, D.L., Grillon, C., and Geyer, M.A. (1992). Gating and habituation of the startle reflex in schizophrenic patients. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 49, 206-215. (Pubitemid 23024906)
7. Brasil-Neto, J.P., Cohen, L.G., Pascual-Leone, A., Jabir, F.K., Wall, R.T., and Hallett, M. (1992). Rapid reversible modulation of human motor outputs after transient deafferentation of the forearm: a study with transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neurology 42, 1302-1306.
8. Brasil-Neto, J.P., Valls-Solé, J., Pascual-Leone, A., Cammarota, A., Amassian, V.E., Cracco, R., Maccabee, P., Cracco, J, Hallett, M., and Cohen, L.G. (1993). Rapid modulation of human cortical motor outputs following ischemic nerve block. Brain 116, 511-525. (Pubitemid 23203636)
9. Chen, R., Corwell, B., Yaseen, Z., Hallett, M., and Cohen, L.G. (1998). Mechanisms of cortical reorganization in lower-limb amputees. J. Neurosci. 18, 3443-3450. (Pubitemid 28186035)
10. Curt, A., Alkadhi, H., Crelier, G.R., Boendermaker, S.H., Hepp-Reymond, M.C., Kollias, S.S. (2002). Changes of non-affected upper limb cortical representation in paraplegic patients as assessed by fMRI. Brain 125, 2567-2578. (Pubitemid 35303514)
11. Donoghue, J.P., Suner, S., and Sanes, J.N. (1990). Dynamic organization of primary motor cortex output to target muscles in adult rats. II. Rapid reorganization following motor nerve lesions. Exp. Brain Res. 79, 492-503. (Pubitemid 20107748)
12. Fawcett, J., and Curt, A. (2009). Damage control in the nervous system. Nature Med. 15, 735-736.
13. Florence, S.L., and Kaas J.H. (1995). Large-scale reorganization at multiple levels of the somatosensory pathway follows therapeutic amputation of the hand in monkeys. J. Neurosci. 15, 8083-8095.
14. Graham, F. (1975). The more or less startling effects of weak prestimulation. Psyche/Physiology 12, 238-248.
15. Hendry, S.H., and Jones, E.G. (1986). Reduction in number of immunostained GABAergic neurones in deprived-eye dominant columns of monkey area 17. Nature 320, 50-53.
16. Hoffman, H.S., and Ison, J.R. (1980). Reflex modification in the domain of startle: I. Some empirical findings and their implications for how the nervous system processes information. Psychological Rev. 87, 175-189.
17. Ison, J.R., and Hammond, G.R. (1971). Modification of the startle reflex in the rat by changes in the auditory and visual environments. J. Comp. Physiol. Psychol. 75, 435-452.
18. Jacobs, K.M., and Donoghue, J.P. (1991). Reshaping the cortical motor map by unmasking latent intracortical connections. Science 251, 944-957.
19. Jankelowitz, S.K., and Colebatch, J.G. (2004). The acoustic startle reflex in ischemic stroke. Neurology 62, 114-116.
20. Jones, E.G. (1990). The role of afferent activity in the maintenance of primate neocortical function. J. Exp. Biol. 153, 155-176.
21. Kaas, J.H., Krubitzer, L.A., Chino, Y.M., Langston, A.L., Polley, E.H., and Blair, N. (1990). Reorganization of retinotopic cortical maps in adult mammals after lesions of the retina. Science 248, 229-231. (Pubitemid 20146864)
22. Kimura, J. (1973). Disorder of interneurons in Parkinsonism: the orbicularis oculi reflex to paired stimuli. Brain 96, 87-96.
23. Kirshblum, S. (1999). Treatment alternatives for spinal cord injury related spasticity. J. Spinal Cord Med. 22, 199-217.
24. Kita, M., and Goodkin, D.E. (2000). Drugs used to treat spasticity. Drugs 59, 487-495. (Pubitemid 30213859)
25. Koch, M., and Schnitzler, H.-U. (1997). The acoustic startle response in rats-circuits mediating evocation, inhibition and potentiation. Behav. Brain Res. 89, 35-49. (Pubitemid 28062697)
26. Kumru, H., Kofler, M., Valls-Solé, J., Portell, E., and Vidal, J. (2009). Brainstem reflexes are enhanced following severe spinal cord injury and reduced by continuous intrathecal baclofen. Neurorehabil. Neural Repair 23, 921-927.
27. Kumru, H., Vidal, J., Kofler, M., Benito, J., Garcia, A., and Valls-Solé, J. (2008). Exaggerated auditory startle responses in patients with spinal cord injury. J. Neurol. 255, 703-709.
28. Levy, W.J., Amassian, V.E., Traad, M., and Cadwell, J. (1990). Focal magnetic coil stimulation reveals motor cortical system reorganized in humans after traumatic quadriplegia. Brain Res. 510, 130-134. (Pubitemid 20060813)
29. Maeoka, Y., Maegaki, Y., Ishii, S., Eda, I., and Takeshita, K. (1999). Excitability recovery curves of blink reflexes in patients with athetotic cerebral palsy. Electromyogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 39, 79-85. (Pubitemid 29148234)
30. Marino, R.J., Barros, T., Biering-Sorensen, F., Burns, S.P., Donovan, W.H., Graves, D.E., Haak, M., Hudson, L.M., Priebe, M.M.; ASIA Neurological Standards Committee 2002. (2003). International standards for neurological classification of spinal cord injury. J. Spinal Cord Med. 26, S50-S56.
31. Molloy, F.M., Dalakas, M.C., and Floeter, M.K. (2002). Increased brainstem excitability in stiff-person syndrome. Neurology 59, 449-451.
32. Pons, T., Garraghty, P.E., Ommaya, A.K., Kaas, J.H., Taub, E., and Mishkin, M. (1991). Massive cortical reorganization after sensory deafferentation in adult macaques. Science 252, 1857-1860. (Pubitemid 21917112)
33. Price, G.W., Kelly, J.S., and Bowery, N.G. (1987). The location of GABA-B receptor binding sites in mammalian spinal cord. Synapse 1, 530.
34. Price, G.W., Wilkin, G.P., Turnbull, M.J., and Bowery, N.G. (1984). Are baclofen-sensitive GABA-B receptors present on primary afferent terminals of the spinal cord? Nature 307, 71-73.
35. Raineteau, O., and Schwab, M.E. (2001) Plasticity of motor systems after incomplete spinal cord injury. Nat. Rev. Neurosci, 2, 263-273. (Pubitemid 33673067)
36. Sanes, J.N., Suner, S., Lando, J.F., and Donoghue, J.P. (1988). Rapid reorganization of adult rat motor cortex somatic representation patterns after motor nerve injury. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 2003-2007. (Pubitemid 24315813)
37. Schicatano, E.J., Peshori, K.R., Gopalaswamy, R., Sahay, E., and Evinger, C. (2000). Reflex excitability regulates prepulse inhibition. J. Neurosci. 20, 4240-4247. (Pubitemid 30365695)
38. Swerdlow, N.R., Benbow, C., Zisook, S., Geyer, M., and Braff, D.L. (1993). A preliminary assessment of sensorimotor gating in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder. Biol. Psychiatry 33, 298-301. (Pubitemid 23091509)
39. Swerdlow, N.R., Braff, D.L., and Geyer, M.A. (1990). GABAergic projection from nucleus accumbens to ventral pallidum mediates dopamine-induced sensorimotor gating deficits of acoustic startle in rats. Brain Res. 532, 146-150.
40. Swerdlow, N.R., Caine, S.B., Braff, D.L., and Geyer, M.A. (1992). The neural substrates of sensorimotor gating of the startle reflex: a review of recent findings and their implications. J. Psychopharmacology 6, 176-190.
41. Swerdlow, N.R., and Geyer, M.A. (1999). Neurophysiology and neuropharmacology of short lead interval startle modification, in: Startle Modification. Implications for Neuroscience, Cognitive Science, and Clinical Science. M.E. Dawson, A.M. Schell, and A.H. Böhmelt, (eds), Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, pps. 114-133.
42. Swerdlow, N.R., and Geyer M.A. (1993). Prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle in rats after lesions of the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus. Behav. Neurosci. 107, 104-117. (Pubitemid 23187261)
43. Swerdlow, N.R., Platten, A., Shoemaker, J., Pitcher, L., and Auerbach, P. (2001). Effects of pergolide on sensorimotor gating of the startle reflex in rats. Psychopharmacology 158, 230-240. (Pubitemid 33071160)
44. Takahashi, K., Nagai, T., Kamei, H., Maeda, K., Matsuya, T., Arai, S., Mizoguchi, H., Yoneda, Y., Nabeshima, T., Takuma, K., and Yamada, K. (2007). Neural circuits containing pallidotegmental GABAergic neurons are involved in the prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex in mice. Biol. Psychiatry 62, 148-157. (Pubitemid 46963245)
45. Topka, H., Cohen, L.G., Cole, R.A., and Hallett, M. (1991). Reorganization of corticospinal pathways following spinal cord injury. Neurology 41, 1276-1283.
46. Valls-Solé, J., Munoz, J.E., and Valldeoriola, F. (2004). Abnormalities of prepulse inhibition do not depend on blink reflex excitability: a study in Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. Clin. Neurophysiol. 115, 1527-1536. (Pubitemid 38760299)
47. Valls-Solé, J., Valldeoriola, F., Molinuevo, J.L., Cossu, G., and Nobbe, F. (1999). Prepulse modulation of the startle reaction and the blink reflex in normal human subjects. Exp. Brain Res. 129, 49-56. (Pubitemid 29494839)