The genetics behind osteoarthritis: Asian focus

Asian Biomedicine

Volumn 5, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 23-36

  Tammachote, Rachaneekorn ^a  

^a CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY   (Thailand)

Author keywords

Asian; Genetics; Osteoarthritis

Indexed keywords

ADAM PROTEIN; ADAM12 PROTEIN; ADAMTS 14; ALPHA 1 ANTICHYMOTRYPSIN; BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN 2; BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN 5; CALMODULIN; ENDOGLIN; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR ALPHA; GROWTH DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR 5; OSTEOGENIC PROTEIN 1; OSTEOPROTEGERIN; PROTEIN; PROTEINASE; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; SECRETED FRIZZLED RELATED PROTEIN 1; SECRETED FRIZZLED RELATED PROTEIN 3; TETRANECTIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VITAMIN D RECEPTOR; WNT 1 INDUCED SECRETED PROTEIN; WNT PROTEIN;

AGING; ASIAN; CARTILAGE CELL; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; DISEASE COURSE; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; ETHNICITY; EXPERIMENTAL MODEL; EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX; GENETIC ANALYSIS; GENETIC PREDISPOSITION; GENETIC RISK; HEREDITY; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; NONHUMAN; OBESITY; OSTEOARTHRITIS; OSTEOCYTE; REVIEW; SEX DIFFERENCE; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SOCIOECONOMICS;

EID: 84871572863     PISSN: 19057415     EISSN: 1875855X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5372/1905-7415.0501.003     Document Type: Review

References (99)

1. Michaud CM, McKenna MT, Begg S, Tomijima N, Majmudar M, Bulzacchelli MT, et al. The burden of disease and injury in the United States 1996. Popul Health Metr. 2006; 4:11.
2. Spector TD, MacGregor AJ. Risk factors for osteoarthritis: genetics. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2004; 12:S39-44. (Pubitemid 38950276)
3. Valdes AM, Spector TD. The contribution of genes to osteoarthritis. Med Clin North Am. 2009; 93:45-66.
4. Lee YH, Rho YH, Choi SJ, Ji JD, Song GG. Osteoarthritis susceptibility loci defined by genome scan metaanalysis. Rheumatol Int. 2006; 26:996-1000. (Pubitemid 44394501)
5. Valdes AM, Van Oene M, Hart DJ, Surdulescu GL, Loughlin J, Doherty M, et al. Reproducible genetic associations between candidate genes and clinical knee osteoarthritis in men and women. Arthritis Rheum. 2006; 54:533-9. (Pubitemid 43228629)
6. Benito MJ, Veale DJ, FitzGerald O, van den Berg WB, Bresnihan B. Synovial tissue inflammation in early and late osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005; 64:1263-7. (Pubitemid 41206240)
7. Leppavuori J, Kujala U, Kinnunen J, Kaprio J, Nissila M, Heliovaara M, et al. Genome scan for predisposing loci for distal interphalangeal joint osteoarthritis: evidence for a locus on 2q. Am J Hum Genet. 1999; 65:1060-7. (Pubitemid 30462963)
8. Tseng S, Reddi AH, Di Cesare PE. Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein (COMP): A Biomarker of Arthritis. Biomark Insights. 2009; 4:33-44.
9. Mabuchi A, Ikeda T, Fukuda A, Koshizuka Y, Hiraoka H, Miyoshi K, et al. Identification of sequence polymorphisms of the COMP (cartilage oligomeric matrix protein) gene and association study in osteoarthrosis of the knee and hip joints. J Hum Genet. 2001; 46:456-62. (Pubitemid 32744118)
10. Valdes AM, Loughlin J, Oene MV, Chapman K, Surdulescu GL, Doherty M, et al. Sex and ethnic differences in the association of ASPN, CALM1, COL2A1, COMP, and FRZB with genetic susceptibility to osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis Rheum. 2007;56:137-46. (Pubitemid 46106186)
11. Nelson F, Dahlberg L, Laverty S, Reiner A, Pidoux I, Ionescu M, et al. Evidence for altered synthesis of type II collagen in patients with osteoarthritis. J Clin Invest. 1998; 102:2115-25. (Pubitemid 29018818)
12. Baldwin CT, Cupples LA, Joost O, Demissie S, Chaisson C, McAlindon T, et al. Absence of linkage or association for osteoarthritis with the vitamin D receptor/type II collagen locus: the Framingham Osteoarthritis Study. J Rheumatol. 2002; 29:161-5. (Pubitemid 34041873)
13. Jakkula E, Melkoniemi M, Kiviranta I, Lohiniva J, Raina SS, Perala M, et al. The role of sequence variations within the genes encoding collagen II, IX and XI in non-syndromic, early-onset osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2005; 13:497-507. (Pubitemid 40716474)
14. Kizawa H, Kou I, Iida A, Sudo A, Miyamoto Y, Fukuda A, et al. An aspartic acid repeat polymorphism in asporin inhibits chondrogenesis and increases susceptibility to osteoarthritis. Nat Genet. 2005; 37:138-44.
15. Mototani H, Mabuchi A, Saito S, Fujioka M, Iida A, Takatori Y, et al. A functional single nucleotide polymorphism in the core promoter region of CALM1 is associated with hip osteoarthritis in Japanese. Hum Mol Genet. 2005; 14:1009-17. (Pubitemid 40575876)
16. Corr M. Wnt-beta-catenin signaling in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 2008; 4:550-6.
17. Kim SJ, Im DS, Kim SH, Ryu JH, Hwang SG, Seong JK, et al. Beta-catenin regulates expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in articular chondrocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002; 296:221-6.
18. Diarra D, Stolina M, Polzer K, Zwerina J, Ominsky MS, Dwyer D, et al. Dickkopf-1 is a master regulator of joint remodeling. Nat Med. 2007; 13:156-63.
19. Loughlin J, Dowling B, Chapman K, Marcelline L, Mustafa Z, Southam L, et al. Functional variants within the secreted frizzled-related protein 3 gene are associated with hip osteoarthritis in females. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004; 101:9757-62. (Pubitemid 38869309)
20. Urano T, Narusawa K, Shiraki M, Usui T, Sasaki N, Hosoi T, et al. Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the WISP1 gene with spinal osteoarthritis in postmenopausal Japanese women. J Bone Miner Metab. 2007; 25:253-8. (Pubitemid 47012483)
21. Bergink AP, van Meurs JB, Loughlin J, Arp PP, Fang Y, Hofman A, et al. Estrogen receptor alpha gene haplotype is associated with radiographic osteoarthritis of the knee in elderly men and women. Arthritis Rheum. 2003; 48:1913-22. (Pubitemid 36828686)
22. Jin SY, Hong SJ, Yang HI, Park SD, Yoo MC, Lee HJ, et al. Estrogen receptor-alpha gene haplotype is associated with primary knee osteoarthritis in Korean population. Arthritis Res Ther. 2004; 6:R415-21.
23. Jordan KM, Syddall H, Dennison EM, Cooper C, Arden NK. Birthweight, vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism, and risk of lumbar spine osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol. 2005; 32:678-83. (Pubitemid 40524701)
24. Lian K, Lui L, Zmuda JM, Nevitt MC, Hochberg MC, Lee JM, et al. Estrogen receptor alpha genotype is associated with a reduced prevalence of radiographic hip osteoarthritis in elderly Caucasian women. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007; 15:972-8. (Pubitemid 47209261)
25. Uitterlinden AG, Burger H, van Duijn CM, Huang Q, Hofman A, Birkenhager JC, et al. Adjacent genes, for COL2A1 and the vitamin D receptor, are associated with separate features of radiographic osteoarthritis of the knee. Arthritis Rheum. 2000; 43:1456-64. (Pubitemid 30452462)
26. Valdes AM, Hart DJ, Jones KA, Surdulescu G, Swarbrick P, Doyle DV, et al. Association study of candidate genes for the prevalence and progression of knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2004; 50:2497-507. (Pubitemid 39062710)
27. Bid HK, Mishra DK, Mittal RD. Vitamin-D receptor (VDR) gene (Fok-I, Taq-I and Apa-I) polymorphisms in healthy individuals from north Indian population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2005; 6:147-52.
28. Huang J, Ushiyama T, Inoue K, Kawasaki T, Hukuda S. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and osteoarthritis of the hand, hip, and knee: acase-control study in Japan. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2000; 39:79-84. (Pubitemid 30095411)
29. Lee YH, Woo JH, Choi SJ, Ji JD, Song GG. Vitamin D receptor TaqI, BsmI and ApaI polymorphisms and osteoarthritis susceptibility: A meta-analysis. Joint Bone Spine. 2009; 76:156-61.
30. Wilkins JM, Southam L, Mustafa Z, Chapman K, Loughlin J. Association of a functional microsatellite within intron 1 of the BMP5 gene with susceptibility to osteoarthritis. BMC Med Genet. 2009; 10:141.
31. Miyamoto Y, Mabuchi A, Shi D, Kubo T, Takatori Y, Saito S, et al. A functional polymorphism in the 5′ UTR of GDF5 is associated with susceptibility to osteoarthritis. Nat Genet. 2007; 39:529-33. (Pubitemid 46514783)
32. Southam L, Rodriguez-Lopez J, Wilkins JM, Pombo-Suarez M, Snelling S, Gomez-Reino JJ, et al. An SNP in the 5′-UTR of GDF5 is associated with osteoarthritis susceptibility in Europeans and with in vivo differences in allelic expression in articular cartilage. Hum Mol Genet. 2007; 16:2226-32. (Pubitemid 47354904)
33. Honsawek S, Chayanupatkul M, Tanavalee A, Sakdinakiattikoon M, Deepaisarnsakul B, Yuktanandana P, et al. Relationship of plasma and synovial fluid BMP-7 with disease severity in knee osteoarthritis patients: a pilot study. Int Orthop. 2009; 33:1171-5.
34. Hayashi M, Muneta T, Ju YJ, Mochizuki T, Sekiya I. Weekly intra-articular injections of bone morphogenetic protein-7 inhibits osteoarthritis progression. Arthritis Res Ther. 2008; 10:R118.
35. Meulenbelt I, Min JL, Bos S, Riyazi N, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ, van der Wijk HJ, et al. Identification of DIO2 as a new susceptibility locus for symptomatic osteoarthritis. Hum Mol Genet. 2008; 17:1867-75. (Pubitemid 351791514)
36. Kerna I, Kisand K, Tamm AE, Lintrop M, Veske K, Tamm AO. Missense single nucleotide polymorphism of the ADAM12 gene is associated with radiographic knee osteoarthritis in middle-aged Estonian cohort. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2009; 17:1093-8.
37. Rodriguez-Lopez J, Pombo-Suarez M, Loughlin J, Tsezou A, Blanco FJ, Meulenbelt I, et al. Association of a nsSNP in ADAMTS14 to some osteoarthritis phenotypes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2009; 17:321-7.
38. Barlas IO, Sezgin M, Erdal ME, Sahin G, Ankarali HC, Altintas ZM, et al. Association of (-1,607) 1G/2G polymorphism of matrix metalloproteinase-1 gene with knee osteoarthritis in the Turkish population (knee osteoarthritis and MMPs gene polymorphisms). Rheumatol Int. 2009; 29:383-8.
39. Lories RJ, Peeters J, Bakker A, Tylzanowski P, Derese I, Schrooten J, et al. Articular cartilage and biomechanical properties of the long bones in Frzb-knockout mice. Arthritis Rheum. 2007; 56:4095-103. (Pubitemid 350262337)
40. Roach HI, Aigner T. DNA methylation in osteoarthritic chondrocytes: a new molecular target. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2007; 15:128-37. (Pubitemid 46132098)
41. Iliopoulos D, Malizos KN, Tsezou A. Epigenetic regulation of leptin affects MMP-13 expression in osteoarthritic chondrocytes: possible molecular target for osteoarthritis therapeutic intervention. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007; 66:1616-21. (Pubitemid 350205450)
42. Iliopoulos D, Malizos KN, Oikonomou P, Tsezou A. Integrative microRNA and proteomic approaches identify novel osteoarthritis genes and their collaborative metabolic and inflammatory networks. PLoS ONE. 2008; 3:e3740.
43. Loughlin J, Sinsheimer JS, Carr A, Chapman K. The CALM1 core promoter polymorphism is not associated with hip osteoarthritis in a United Kingdom Caucasian population. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2006; 14:295-8. (Pubitemid 43329540)
44. Shi D, Ni H, Dai J, Qin J, Xu Y, Zhu L, et al. Lack of association between the CALM1 core promoter polymorphism (-16C/T) and susceptibility to knee osteoarthritis in a Chinese Han population. BMC Med Genet. 2008; 9:91.
45. Tsezou A, Satra M, Oikonomou P, Bargiotas K, Malizos KN. The growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) core promoter polymorphism is not associated with knee osteoarthritis in the Greek population. J Orthop Res. 2008; 26:136-40.
46. Kochi Y, Suzuki A, Yamada R, Yamamoto K. Genetics of rheumatoid arthritis: underlying evidence of ethnic differences. J Autoimmun. 2009; 32:158-62.
47. Glasson SS, Askew R, Sheppard B, Carito B, Blanchet T, Ma HL, et al. Deletion of active ADAMTS5 prevents cartilage degradation in a murine model of osteoarthritis. Nature. 2005; 434:644-8. (Pubitemid 40488556)
48. Ikegawa S. New gene associations in osteoarthritis: what do they provide, and where are we going? Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2007; 19:429-34. (Pubitemid 47344234)
49. Honsawek S, Tanavalee A, Sakdinakiattikoon M, Chayanupatkul M, Yuktanandana P. Correlation of plasma and synovial fluid osteopontin with disease severity in knee osteoarthritis. Clin Biochem. 2009; 42:808-12.
50. Honsawek S, Tanavalee A, Yuktanandana P. Elevated circulating and synovial fluid endoglin are associated with primary knee osteoarthritis severity. Arch Med Res. 2009; 40:590-4.
51. Li WW, Nemirovskiy O, Fountain S, Rodney Mathews W, Szekely-Klepser G. Clinical validation of an immunoaffinity LC-MS/MS assay for the quantification of a collagen type II neoepitope peptide: A biomarker of matrix metalloproteinase activity and osteoarthritis in human urine. Anal Biochem. 2007; 369:41-53. (Pubitemid 47313372)
52. Sharif M, Granell R, Johansen J, Clarke S, Elson C, Kirwan JR. Serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and other biomarker profiles in tibiofemoral and patellofemoral osteoarthritis of the knee. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2006; 45:522-6.
53. Zivanovic S, Rackov LP, Vojvodic D, Vucetic D. Human cartilage glycoprotein 39 - biomarker of joint damage in knee osteoarthritis. Int Orthop. 2009; 33:1165-70.
54. Aspden RM. Osteoarthritis: a problem of growth not decay? Rheumatology (Oxford). 2008; 47:1452-60.
55. Ministry of Public Health of Thailand. Thai seniors encounter degenerative diseases. (online). 2010 [cited 15 June 2010]. Available from: http://www.moph.go.th/show-hotnew.php?idHot-new=30798.
56. Sanchez-Sabate E, Alvarez L, Gil-Garay E, Munuera L, Vilaboa N. Identification of differentially expressed genes in trabecular bone from the iliac crest of osteoarthritic patients. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2009; 17:1106-14.
57. Park HJ, Yoon SH, Zheng LT, Lee KH, Kim JW, Chung JH, et al. Association of the -2510A/G chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 polymorphism with knee osteoarthritis in a Korean population. Scand J Rheumatol. 2007; 36:299-306. (Pubitemid 47346917)
58. Valdes AM, Loughlin J, Timms KM, van Meurs JJ, Southam L, Wilson SG, et al. Genome-wide association scan identifies a prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 variant involved in risk of knee osteoarthritis. Am J Hum Genet. 2008; 82:1231-40.
59. Schneider EM, Du W, Fiedler J, Hogel J, Gunther KP, Brenner H, et al. The (-765 G->C) promoter variant of the COX-2/PTGS2 gene is associated with a lower risk for end-stage hip and knee osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis (online). 2010 Apr 8 [cited 15 June 2010]. Available from: http://ard.bmj.com/content/ early/2010/03/02/ard.2009.124040.long.
60. Attur M, Wang HY, Byers Kraus V, Bukowski JF, Aziz N, Krasnokutsky S, et al. Radiographic severity of knee osteoarthritis is conditional on interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene variations. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010; 69:856-61.
61. Moxley G, Meulenbelt I, Chapman K, van Diujn CM, Eline Slagboom P, Neale MC, et al. Interleukin-1 region meta-analysis with osteoarthritis phenotypes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2010; 18:200-7.
62. Sezgin M, Erdal ME, Altintas ZM, Ankarali HC, Barlas IO, Turkmen E, et al. Lack of association polymorphisms of the IL1RN, IL1A, and IL1B genes with knee osteoarthritis in Turkish patients. Clin Invest Med. 2007; 30:E86-92. (Pubitemid 47535697)
63. Livshits G, Zhai G, Hart DJ, Kato BS, Wang H, Williams FM, et al. Interleukin-6 is a significant predictor of radiographic knee osteoarthritis: The Chingford Study. Arthritis Rheum. 2009; 60:2037-45.
64. Sakao K, Takahashi KA, Arai Y, Saito M, Honjo K, Hiraoka N, et al. Osteoblasts derived from osteophytes produce interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and matrix metalloproteinase-13 in osteoarthritis. J Bone Miner Metab. 2009; 27:412-23.
65. Gordon A, Kiss-Toth E, Stockley I, Eastell R, Wilkinson JM. Polymorphisms in the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and interleukin-6 genes affect risk of osteolysis in patients with total hip arthroplasty. Arthritis Rheum. 2008; 58:3157-65.
66. Kamarainen OP, Solovieva S, Vehmas T, Luoma K, Riihimaki H, Ala-Kokko L, et al. Common interleukin-6 promoter variants associate with the more severe forms of distal interphalangeal osteoarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2008; 10:R21.
67. Joosten LA, Lubberts E, Durez P, Helsen MM, Jacobs MJ, Goldman M, et al. Role of interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 in murine collagen-induced arthritis. Protective effect of interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 treatment on cartilage destruction. Arthritis Rheum. 1997; 40:249-60. (Pubitemid 27114088)
68. Fytili P, Giannatou E, Karachalios T, Malizos K, Tsezou A. Interleukin-10G and interleukin-10R microsatellite polymorphisms and osteoarthritis of the knee. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2005; 23:621-7. (Pubitemid 41300703)
69. Riyazi N, Kurreeman FA, Huizinga TW, Dekker FW, Stoeken-Rijsbergen G, Kloppenburg M. The role of interleukin 10 promoter polymorphisms in the susceptibility of distal interphalangeal osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol. 2005; 32:1571-5. (Pubitemid 41113981)
70. Rovetta G, Buffrini L, Monteforte P, Grignolo MC, Molfetta L. HLA-DRB1alleles and osteoarthritis in a group of patients living in Liguria-Italy. Minerva Med. 2006; 97:271-5. (Pubitemid 44483597)
71. Moos V, Menard J, Sieper J, Sparmann M, Muller B. Association of HLA-DRB1*02 with osteoarthritis in a cohort of 106 patients. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2002; 41:666-9. (Pubitemid 34618885)
72. Riyazi N, Spee J, Huizinga TW, Schreuder GM, de Vries RR, Dekker FW, et al. HLA class II is associated with distal interphalangeal osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003; 62:227-30. (Pubitemid 36238085)
73. Wakitani S, Imoto K, Mazuka T, Kim S, Murata N, Yoneda M. Japanese generalised osteoarthritis was associated with HLA class I - a study of HLA-A, B, Cw, DQ, DR in 72 patients. Clin Rheumatol. 2001; 20: 417-9. (Pubitemid 33130477)
74. Jiang Q, Shi D, Yi L, Ikegawa S, Wang Y, Nakamura T, et al. Replication of the association of the aspartic acid repeat polymorphism in the asporin gene with knee-osteoarthritis susceptibility in Han Chinese. J Hum Genet. 2006; 51:1068-72. (Pubitemid 44800725)
75. Kaliakatsos M, Tzetis M, Kanavakis E, Fytili P, Chouliaras G, Karachalios T, et al. Asporin and knee osteoarthritis in patients of Greek origin. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2006; 14:609-11.
76. Song JH, Lee HS, Kim CJ, Cho YG, Park YG, Nam SW, et al. Aspartic acid repeat polymorphism of the asporin gene with susceptibility to osteoarthritis of the knee in a Korean population. Knee. 2008; 15:191-5.
77. Nakamura T, Shi D, Tzetis M, Rodriguez-Lopez J, Miyamoto Y, Tsezou A, et al. Meta-analysis of association between the ASPN D-repeat and osteoarthritis. Hum Mol Genet. 2007; 16:1676-81. (Pubitemid 47241827)
78. Rodriguez-Lopez J, Pombo-Suarez M, Liz M, Gomez-Reino JJ, Gonzalez A. Lack of association of a variable number of aspartic acid residues in the asporin gene with osteoarthritis susceptibility: case-control studies in Spanish Caucasians. Arthritis Res Ther. 2006; 8:R55.
79. Shi D, Nakamura T, Dai J, Yi L, Qin J, Chen D, et al. Association of the aspartic acid-repeat polymorphism in the asporin gene with age at onset of knee osteoarthritis in Han Chinese population. J Hum Genet. 2007; 52:664-7. (Pubitemid 47106490)
80. Meulenbelt I, Bijkerk C, De Wildt SC, Miedema HS, Breedveld FC, Pols HA, et al. Haplotype analysis of three polymorphisms of the COL2A1 gene and associations with generalised radiological osteoarthritis. Ann Hum Genet. 1999; 63:393-400. (Pubitemid 30128887)
81. Ikeda T, Mabuchi A, Fukuda A, Kawakami A, Ryo Y, Yamamoto S, et al. Association analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms in cartilage-specific collagen genes with knee and hip osteoarthritis in the Japanese population. J Bone Miner Res. 2002; 17:1290-6. (Pubitemid 34680506)
82. Chen HC, Shah SH, Li YJ, Stabler TV, Jordan JM, Kraus VB. Inverse association of general joint hypermobility with hand and knee osteoarthritis and serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein levels. Arthritis Rheum. 2008; 58:3854-64.
83. Pullig O, Weseloh G, Klatt AR, Wagener R, Swoboda B. Matrilin-3 in human articular cartilage: increased expression in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2002; 10:253-63. (Pubitemid 34467628)
84. Min JL, Meulenbelt I, Riyazi N, Kloppenburg M, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ, Seymour AB, et al. Association of matrilin-3 polymorphisms with spinal disc degeneration and osteoarthritis of the first carpometacarpal joint of the hand. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006; 65:1060-6. (Pubitemid 44133270)
85. Pullig O, Tagariello A, Schweizer A, Swoboda B, Schaller P, Winterpacht A. MATN3 (matrilin-3) sequence variation (pT303M) is a risk factor for osteoarthritis of the CMC1 joint of the hand, but not for knee osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007; 66:279-80. (Pubitemid 46226076)
86. Klatt AR, Klinger G, Paul-Klausch B, Kuhn G, Renno JH, Wagener R, et al. Matrilin-3 activates the expression of osteoarthritis-associated genes in primary human chondrocytes. FEBS Lett. 2009; 583:3611-7.
87. Pullig O, Weseloh G, Gauer S, Swoboda B. Osteopontin is expressed by adult human osteoarthritic chondrocytes: protein and mRNA analysis of normal and osteoarthritic cartilage. Matrix Biol. 2000; 19:245-55. (Pubitemid 30601757)
88. Gao SG, Li KH, Zeng KB, Tu M, Xu M, Lei GH. Elevated osteopontin level of synovial fluid and articular cartilage is associated with disease severity in knee osteoarthritis patients. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2010; 18, 82-7.
89. Szekanecz Z, Haines GK, Harlow LA, Shah MR, Fong TW, Fu R, et al. Increased synovial expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta receptor endoglin and TGF-beta 1 in rheumatoid arthritis: possible interactions in the pathogenesis of the disease. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1995; 76:187-94.
90. Lane NE, Lian K, Nevitt MC, Zmuda JM, Lui L, Li J, et al. Frizzled-related protein variants are risk factors for hip osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2006; 54:1246-54. (Pubitemid 43672936)
91. Min JL, Meulenbelt I, Riyazi N, Kloppenburg M, Houwing-Duistermaat JJ, Seymour AB, et al. Association of the Frizzled-related protein gene with symptomatic osteoarthritis at multiple sites. Arthritis Rheum. 2005; 52:1077-80. (Pubitemid 40530114)
92. Rodriguez-Lopez J, Pombo-Suarez M, Liz M, Gomez-Reino JJ, Gonzalez A. Further evidence of the role of frizzled-related protein gene polymorphisms in osteoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2007; 66:1052-5. (Pubitemid 47122318)
93. Blom AB, Brockbank SM, van Lent PL, van Beuningen HM, Geurts J, Takahashi N, et al. Involvement of the Wnt signaling pathway in experimental and human osteoarthritis: prominent role of Wnt-induced signaling protein 1. Arthritis Rheum. 2009; 60:501-12.
94. Nakase T, Miyaji T, Tomita T, Kaneko M, Kuriyama K, Myoui A, et al. Localization of bone morphogenetic protein-2 in human osteoarthritic cartilage and osteophyte. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2003; 11:278-84. (Pubitemid 36410880)
95. Southam L, Dowling B, Ferreira A, Marcelline L, Mustafa Z, Chapman K, et al. Microsatellite association mapping of a primary osteoarthritis susceptibility locus on chromosome 6p12.3-q13. Arthritis Rheum. 2004; 50:3910-4. (Pubitemid 39643938)
96. Chubinskaya S, Frank BS, Michalska M, Kumar B, Merrihew CA, Thonar EJ, et al. Osteogenic protein 1 in synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis: relationship with disease and levels of hyaluronan and antigenic keratan sulfate. Arthritis Res Ther. 2006; 8:R73.
97. Settle SH, Jr., Rountree RB, Sinha A, Thacker A, Higgins K, Kingsley DM. Multiple joint and skeletal patterning defects caused by single and double mutations in the mouse Gdf6 and Gdf5 genes. Dev Biol. 2003; 254:116-30. (Pubitemid 36259876)
98. Solovieva S, Hirvonen A, Siivola P, Vehmas T, Luoma K, Riihimaki H, et al. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms and susceptibility of hand osteoarthritis in Finnish women. Arthritis Res Ther. 2006; 8:R20.
99. Hulejova H, Baresova V, Klezl Z, Polanska M, Adam M, Senolt L. Increased level of cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases in osteoarthritic subchondral bone. Cytokine. 2007; 38:151-6. (Pubitemid 47248299)