Thyroid-specific transcription factors and their roles in thyroid cancer

Journal of Thyroid Research

Volumn 2011, Issue , 2011, Pages

  Kimura, Shioko ^a  

^a NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HOMEODOMAIN PROTEIN; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR FOXE1; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR FOXO; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR NKX2.1; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR NKX2.2; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR PAX8; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

CARCINOGENESIS; CELL MIGRATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; CELL SURVIVAL; GENE EXPRESSION; GENE MUTATION; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; HORMONE SYNTHESIS; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; ORGANOGENESIS; PHENOTYPE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; PROTEIN DOMAIN; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; PROTEIN LOCALIZATION; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; THYROID CANCER;

EID: 84871182766     PISSN: 20908067     EISSN: 20420072     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4061/2011/710213     Document Type: Review

References (91)

1. C. Cillo, A. Faiella, M. Cantile, and E. Boncinelli, "Homeobox genes and cancer", Experimental Cell Research, vol. 248, no. 1, pp. 1-9, 1999. (Pubitemid 29393923)
2. F. D. Nunes, F. C. De Almeida, R. Tucci, and S. C. De Sousa, "Homeobox genes: a molecular link between development and cancer", Pesquisa Odontologica Brasileira, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 94-98, 2003.
3. S. S. Myatt and E. W. F. Lam, "The emerging roles of forkhead box (Fox) proteins in cancer", Nature Reviews Cancer, vol. 7, no. 11, pp. 847-859, 2007. (Pubitemid 350006253)
4. D. Lang, S. K. Powell, R. S. Plummer, K. P. Young, and B. A. Ruggeri, "PAX genes: roles in development, pathophysiology, and cancer", Biochemical Pharmacology, vol. 73, no. 1, pp. 1-14, 2007. (Pubitemid 44868976)
5. S. Guazzi, M. Price, M. De Felice, G. Damante, M. G. Mattei, and R. Di Lauro, "Thyroid nuclear factor 1 (TTF-1) contains a homeodomain and displays a novel DNA binding specificity", EMBO Journal, vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 3631-3639, 1990.
6. K. Mizuno, F. J. Gonzalez, and S. Kimura, "Thyroid-specific enhancer-binding protein (T/EBP): cDNA cloning, functional characterization, and structural identity with thyroid transcription factor TTF-1", Molecular and Cellular Biology, vol. 11, no. 10, pp. 4927-4933, 1991. (Pubitemid 21895253)
7. M. Zannini, V. Avantaggiato, E. Biffali et al., "TTF-2, a new forkhead protein, shows a temporal expression in the developing thyroid which is consistent with a role in controlling the onset of differentiation", EMBO Journal, vol. 16, no. 11, pp. 3185-3197, 1997. (Pubitemid 27234957)
8. D. Plachov, K. Chowdhurry, C. Walther, D. Simon, J. L. Guenet, and P. Gruss, "Pax8, a murine paired box gene expressed in the developing excretory system and thyroid gland", Development, vol. 110, no. 2, pp. 643-651, 1990. (Pubitemid 20330539)
9. F. Kikkawa, F. J. Gonzalez, and S. Kimura, "Characterization of a thyroid-specific enhancer located 5.5 kilobase pairs upstream of the human thyroid peroxidase gene", Molecular and Cellular Biology, vol. 10, no. 12, pp. 6216-6224, 1990. (Pubitemid 120004563)
10. H. Francis-Lang, M. Zannini, M. De Felice, M. T. Berlingieri, A. Fusco, and R. Di Lauro, "Multiple mechanisms of interference between transformation and differentiation in thyroid cells", Molecular and Cellular Biology, vol. 12, no. 12, pp. 5793-5800, 1992.
11. M. Zannini, H. Francis-Lang, D. Plachov, and R. Di Lauro, "Pax-8, a paired domain-containing protein, binds to a sequence overlapping the recognition site of a homeodomain and activates transcription from two thyroid-specific promoters", Molecular and Cellular Biology, vol. 12, no. 9, pp. 4230-4241, 1992.
12. M. Ohno, M. Zannini, O. Levy, N. Carrasco, and R. Di Lauro, "The paired-domain transcription factor Pax8 binds to the upstream enhancer of the rat sodium/iodide symporter gene and participates in both thyroid-specific and cyclic-AMP-dependent transcription", Molecular and Cellular Biology, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 2051-2060, 1999. (Pubitemid 29098263)
13. P. Santisteban, A. Acebron, M. Polycarpou-Schwarz, and R. Di Lauro, "Insulin and insulin-like growth factor I regulate a thyroid-specific nuclear protein that binds to the thyroglobulin promoter", Molecular Endocrinology, vol. 6, no. 8, pp. 1310-1317, 1992.
14. G. Damante and R. Di Lauro, "Thyroid-specific gene expression", Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, vol. 1218, no. 3, pp. 255-266, 1994. (Pubitemid 24252520)
15. M. De Felice, C. Ovitt, E. Biffali et al., "A mouse model for hereditary thyroid dysgenesis and cleft palate", Nature Genetics, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 395-398, 1998. (Pubitemid 28357915)
16. S. Kimura, Y. Hara, T. Pineau et al., "The T/ebp null mouse: thyroid-specific enhancer-binding protein is essential for the organogenesis of the thyroid, lung, ventral forebrain, and pituitary", Genes and Development, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 60-69, 1996. (Pubitemid 26025299)
17. A. Mansouri, K. Chowdhury, and P. Gruss, "Follicular cells of the thyroid gland require Pax8 gene function", Nature Genetics, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 87-90, 1998. (Pubitemid 28242031)
18. M. Felice and R. Lauro, "Murine models for the study of thyroid gland development", Endocrine Development, vol. 10, pp. 1-14, 2007.
19. N. Dathan, R. Parlato, A. Rosica, M. De Felice, and R. Di Lauro, "Distribution of the titf2/foxe1 gene product is consistent with an important role in the development of foregut endoderm, palate, and hair", Developmental Dynamics, vol. 224, no. 4, pp. 450-456, 2002. (Pubitemid 34848069)
20. J. Pohlenz, A. Dumitrescu, D. Zundel et al., "Partial deficiency of thyroid transcription factor 1 produces predominantly neurological defects in humans and mice", Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol. 109, no. 4, pp. 469-473, 2002. (Pubitemid 34171777)
21. H. Krude, B. Schütz, H. Biebermann et al., "Choreoathetosis, hypothyroidism, and pulmonary alterations due to human NKX2-1 haploinsufficiency", Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol. 109, no. 4, pp. 475-480, 2002. (Pubitemid 34171778)
22. M. A. A. P. Willemsen, G. J. Breedveld, S. Wouda et al., "Brain-Thyroid-Lung syndrome: a patient with a severe multisystem disorder due to a de novo mutation in the thyroid transcription factor 1 gene", European Journal of Pediatrics, vol. 164, no. 1, pp. 28-30, 2005. (Pubitemid 40110004)
23. R. J. Clifton-Bligh, J. M. Wentworth, P. Heinz et al., "Mutation of the gene encoding human TTF-2 associated with thyroid agenesis, cleft palate and choanal atresia", Nature Genetics, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 399-401, 1998. (Pubitemid 28357916)
24. M. Castanet, S. M. Park, A. Smith et al., "A novel loss-offunction mutation in TTF-2 is associated with congenital hypothyroidism, thyroid agenesis and cleft palate", Human Molecular Genetics, vol. 11, no. 17, pp. 2051-2059, 2002. (Pubitemid 34919279)
25. C. Di Loreto, V. Di Lauro, F. Puglisi, G. Damante, D. Fabbro, and C. A. Beltrami, "Immunocytochemical expression of tissue specific transcription factor-1 in lung carcinoma", Journal of Clinical Pathology, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 30-32, 1997. (Pubitemid 27060201)
26. D. Tan, Q. Li, G. Deeb et al., "Thyroid transcription factor-1 expression prevalence and its clinical implications in nonsmall cell lung cancer: a high-throughput tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry study", Human Pathology, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 597-604, 2003. (Pubitemid 36750372)
27. P. Zhang, H. Zuo, Y. Nakamura, M. Nakamura, T. Wakasa, and K. Kakudo, "Immunohistochemical analysis of thyroidspecific transcription factors in thyroid tumors", Pathology International, vol. 56, no. 5, pp. 240-245, 2006.
28. M. Bongiovanni, P. M. Sadow, and W. C. Faquin, "Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a cytologic-histologic review", Advances in Anatomic Pathology, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 283-289, 2009.
29. N. Nakamura, E. Miyagi, S. I. Murata, A. Kawaoi, and R. Katoh, "Expression of thyroid transcription factor-1 in normal and neoplastic lung tissues", Modern Pathology, vol. 15, no. 10, pp. 1058-1067, 2002.
30. J. Moldvay, M. Jackel, K. Bogos et al., "The role of TTF-1 in differentiating primary and metastatic lung adenocarcinomas", Pathology and Oncology Research, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 85-88, 2004. (Pubitemid 38915600)
31. N. H. Myong, "Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) expression in human lung carcinomas: its prognostic implication and relationship with wxpressions of p53 and Ki-67 proteins", Journal of Korean Medical Science, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 494-500, 2003.
32. J. A. Barletta, S. Perner, A. J. Iafrate et al., "Clinical significance of TTF-1 protein expression and TTF-1 gene amplification in lung adenocarcinoma", Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, vol. 13, no. 8B, pp. 1977-1986, 2009.
33. K. A. Kwei, Y. H. Kim, L. Girard et al., "Genomic profiling identifies TITF1 as a lineage-specific oncogene amplified in lung cancer", Oncogene, vol. 27, no. 25, pp. 3635-3640, 2008. (Pubitemid 351793793)
34. H. Tanaka, K. Yanagisawa, K. Shinjo et al., "Lineage-specific dependency of lung adenocarcinomas on the lung development regulator TTF-1", Cancer Research, vol. 67, no. 13, pp. 6007-6011, 2007. (Pubitemid 47037477)
35. B. A. Weir, M. S. Woo, G. Getz et al., "Characterizing the cancer genome in lung adenocarcinoma", Nature, vol. 450, no. 7171, pp. 893-898, 2007. (Pubitemid 350231325)
36. D. Fabbro, C. Di Loreto, C. A. Beltrami, A. Belfiore, R. Di Lauro, and G. Damante, "Expression of thyroid-specific transcription factors TTF-1 and PAX-8 in human thyroid neoplasms", Cancer Research, vol. 54, no. 17, pp. 4744-4749, 1994. (Pubitemid 24276506)
37. N. G. Ordóñez, "Thyroid transcription factor-1 is a marker of lung and thyroid carcinomas", Advances in anatomic pathology, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 123-127, 2000.
38. D. Nonaka, Y. Tang, L. Chiriboga, M. Rivera, and R. Ghossein, "Diagnostic utility of thyroid transcription factors Pax8 and TTF-2 (FoxE1) in thyroid epithelial neoplasms", Modern Pathology, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 192-200, 2008. (Pubitemid 351172171)
39. R. Katoh, E. Miyagi, N. Nakamura et al., "Expression of thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) in human C cells and medullary thyroid carcinomas", Human Pathology, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 386-393, 2000. (Pubitemid 30161360)
40. T. Kondo, T. Nakazawa, D. Ma et al., "Epigenetic silencing of TTF-1/NKX2-1 through DNA hypermethylation and histone H3 modulation in thyroid carcinomas", Laboratory Investigation, vol. 89, no. 7, pp. 791-799, 2009.
41. W. C. G. Van Staveren, D. W. Soĺis, L. Delys et al., "Human thyroid tumor cell lines derived from different tumor types present a common dedifferentiated phenotype", Cancer Research, vol. 67, no. 17, pp. 8113-8120, 2007. (Pubitemid 47395146)
42. J. Gudmundsson, P. Sulem, D. F. Gudbjartsson et al., "Common variants on 9q22.33 and 14q13.3 predispose to thyroid cancer in European populations", Nature Genetics, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 460-464, 2009.
43. E. S. W. Ngan, B. H. H. Lang, T. Liu et al., "A germline mutation (A339V) in thyroid transcription factor-1 (TITF-1/NKX2.1) in patients with multinodular goiter and papillary thyroid carcinoma", Journal of the National Cancer Institute, vol. 101, no. 3, pp. 162-175, 2009.
44. T. Kusakabe, A. Kawaguchi, R. Kawaguchi, L. Feigenbaum, and S. Kimura, "Thyrocyte-specific expression of Cre recombinase in transgenic mice", Genesis, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 212-216, 2004. (Pubitemid 39079520)
45. T. Kusakabe, A. Kawaguchi, N. Hoshi, R. Kawaguchi, S. Hoshi, and S. Kimura, "Thyroid-specific enhancer-binding protein/NKX2.1 is required for the maintenance of ordered architecture and function of the differentiated thyroid", Molecular Endocrinology, vol. 20, no. 8, pp. 1796-1809, 2006. (Pubitemid 44148085)
46. S. Hoshi, N. Hoshi, M. Okamoto et al., "Role of NKX2-1 in N - bis (2-hydroxypropyl)-nitrosamine-induced thyroid adenoma in mice", Carcinogenesis, vol. 30, no. 9, pp. 1614-1619, 2009.
47. P. E. Macchia, M. G. Mattei, P. Lapi, G. Fenzi, and R. Di Lauro, "Cloning, chromosomal localization and identification of polymorphisms in the human thyroid transcription factor 2 gene (TITF2)", Biochimie, vol. 81, no. 5, pp. 433-440, 1999.
48. E. Holmberg, B. L. Rozell, and R. Toftgard, "Differential allele loss on chromosome 9q22.3 in human non-melanoma skin cancer", British Journal of Cancer, vol. 74, no. 2, pp. 246-250, 1996. (Pubitemid 26254137)
49. I. Venza, M. Visalli, B. Tripodo et al., "FOXE1 is a target for aberrant methylation in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma", British Journal of Dermatology, vol. 162, no. 5, pp. 1093-1097, 2010.
50. K. Brune, S. M. Hong, A. Li et al., "Genetic and epigenetic alterations of familial pancreatic cancers", Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers and Prevention, vol. 17, no. 12, pp. 3536-3542, 2008.
51. D. J. Weisenberger, B. N. Trinh, M. Campan et al., "DNA methylation analysis by digital bisulfite genomic sequencing and digital MethyLight", Nucleic Acids Research, vol. 36, no. 14, pp. 4689-4698, 2008.
52. I. Venza, M. Visalli, B. Tripodo, M. Lentini, D. Teti, and M. Venza, "Investigation into FOXE1 genetic variations in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma", British Journal of Dermatology, vol. 162, no. 3, pp. 681-683, 2010.
53. M. J. Sequeira, J. M. Morgan, D. Fuhrer, M. H. Wheeler, B. Jasani, and M. Ludgate, "Thyroid transcription factor-2 gene expression in benign and malignant thyroid lesions", Thyroid, vol. 11, no. 11, pp. 995-1001, 2001. (Pubitemid 33107910)
54. I. Landa, S. Ruiz-Llorente, C. Montero-Conde et al., "The variant rs1867277 in FOXE1 gene confers thyroid cancer susceptibility through the recruitment of USF1/USF2 transcription factors", PLoS Genetics, vol. 5, no. 9, Article ID e1000637, 2009.
55. R. Parlato, A. Rosica, A. Rodriguez-Mallon et al., "An integrated regulatory network controlling survival and migration in thyroid organogenesis", Developmental Biology, vol. 276, no. 2, pp. 464-475, 2004. (Pubitemid 39592407)
56. D. Williams, "Cancer after nuclear fallout: lessons from the Chernobyl accident", Nature Reviews Cancer, vol. 2, no. 7, pp. 543-549, 2002. (Pubitemid 37328936)
57. M. Takahashi, V. A. Saenko, T. I. Rogounovitch et al., "The FOXE1 locus is a major genetic determinant for radiationrelated thyroid carcinoma in Chernobyl", Human Molecular Genetics, vol. 19, no. 12, pp. 2516-2523, 2010.
58. A. Poleev, H. Fickenscher, S. Mundlos et al., "PAX8, a human paired box gene: Isolation and expression in developing thyroid, kidney and Wilms' tumors", Development, vol. 116, no. 3, pp. 611-623, 1992.
59. G. X. Tong, W. M. Yu, N. T. Beaubier et al., "Expression of PAX8 in normal and neoplastic renal tissues: an immunohistochemical study", Modern Pathology, vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 1218-1227, 2009.
60. W. Wiseman, C. W. Michael, and M. H. Roh, "Diagnostic utility of PAX8 and PAX2 immunohistochemistry in the identification of metastatic Mullerian carcinoma in effusions", Diagnostic Cytopathology. In press.
61. A. R. Laury, J. L. Hornick, R. Perets et al., "PAX8 reliably distinguishes ovarian serous tumors from malignant mesothelioma", American Journal of Surgical Pathology, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 627-635, 2010.
62. D. Nonaka, L. Chiriboga, and R. A. Soslow, "Expression of Pax8 as a useful marker in distinguishing ovarian carcinomas from mammary carcinomas", American Journal of Surgical Pathology, vol. 32, no. 10, pp. 1566-1571, 2008.
63. N. J. Bowen, S. Logani, E. B. Dickerson et al., "Emerging roles for PAX8 in ovarian cancer and endosalpingeal development", Gynecologic Oncology, vol. 104, no. 2, pp. 331-337, 2007. (Pubitemid 46135661)
64. M. Fujiwara, J. Taube, M. Sharma, T. H. McCalmont, and J. Kim, "PAX8 discriminates ovarian metastases from adnexal tumors and other cutaneous metastases", Journal of Cutaneous Pathology, vol. 37, no. 9, pp. 938-943, 2010.
65. T. G. Kroll, P. Sarraf, L. Pecciarini et al., "PAX8-PPAR?1 fusion in oncogene human thyroid carcinoma", Science, vol. 289, no. 5483, pp. 1357-1360, 2000. (Pubitemid 30656054)
66. M. Sobrinho-Simões, V. Máximo, A. S. Rocha et al., "Intragenic mutations in thyroid cancer", Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 333-362, 2008. (Pubitemid 351698087)
67. N. L. Eberhardt, S. K. G. Grebe, B. McIver, and H. V. Reddi, "The role of the PAX8/PPAR? fusion oncogene in the pathogenesis of follicular thyroid cancer", Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, vol. 321, no. 1, pp. 50-56, 2010.
68. A. R. Marques, C. Espadinha, A. L. Catarino et al., "Expression o f PAX 8 - P PA R?1 rearrangements in both follicular thyroid carcinomas and adenomas", Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol. 87, no. 8, pp. 3947-3952, 2002. (Pubitemid 34879553)
69. K. A. Placzkowski, H. V. Reddi, S. K. G. Grebe, N. L. Eberhardt, and B. McIver, "The role of the PAX8/PPAR? fusion oncogene in thyroid cancer", PPAR Research, vol. 2008, Article ID 672829, 10 pages, 2008.
70. L. Cheung, M. Messina, A. Gill et al., "Detection of the PAX8-P PA R? fusion oncogene in both follicular thyroid carcinomas and adenomas", Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, vol. 88, no. 1, pp. 354-357, 2003. (Pubitemid 36115188)
71. J. G. Powell, X. Wang, B. L. Allard et al., "The PAX8/PPAR? fusion oncoprotein transforms immortalized human thyrocytes through a mechanism probably involving wild-type PPAR? inhibition", Oncogene, vol. 23, no. 20, pp. 3634-3641, 2004. (Pubitemid 38658430)
72. A. Y. M. Au, C. McBride, K. G. Wilhelm Jr. et al., "PAX8-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor? (PPAR?) disrupts normal PAX8 or PPAR? transcriptional function and stimulates follicular thyroid cell growth", Endocrinology, vol. 147, no. 1, pp. 367-376, 2006. (Pubitemid 43004290)
73. D. Bonofiglio, E. Cione, H. Qi et al., "Combined low doses of PPAR? and RXR ligands trigger an intrinsic apoptotic pathway in human breast cancer cells", American Journal of Pathology, vol. 175, no. 3, pp. 1270-1280, 2009.
74. J. Yu, B. O. Shen, E. S. H. Chu et al., "Inhibitory role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in hepatocarcinogenesis in mice and in vitro", Hepatology, vol. 51, no. 6, pp. 2008-2019, 2010.
75. Y. Yin, H. Yuan, X. Zeng, L. Kopelovich, and R. I. Glazer, "Inhibition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor? increases estrogen receptor-dependent tumor specification", Cancer Research, vol. 69, no. 2, pp. 687-694, 2009.
76. M. Mimeault and S. K. Batra, "Frequent deregulations in the hedgehog signaling network and cross-talks with the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway involved in cancer progression and targeted therapies", Pharmacological Reviews, vol. 62, no. 3, pp. 497-524, 2010.
77. M. W. Saif and E. Chu, "Biology of colorectal cancer", Cancer Journal, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 196-201, 2010.
78. L. Yin, O. C. Velazquez, and Z. J. Liu, "Notch signaling: Emerging molecular targets for cancer therapy", Biochemical Pharmacology, vol. 80, no. 5, pp. 690-701, 2010.
79. P. Wend, J. D. Holland, U. Ziebold, and W. Birchmeier, "Wnt signaling in stem and cancer stem cells", Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology, vol. 21, no. 8, pp. 855-863, 2010.
80. P. Heretsch, L. Tzagkaroulaki, and A. Giannis, "Modulators of the hedgehog signaling pathway", Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, vol. 18, no. 18, pp. 6613-6624, 2010.
81. S. Samuel and H. Naora, "Homeobox gene expression in cancer: Insights from developmental regulation and deregulation", European Journal of Cancer, vol. 41, no. 16, pp. 2428-2437, 2005. (Pubitemid 41540620)
82. F. Relaix, D. Rocancourt, A. Mansouri, and M. Buckingham, "A Pax3/Pax7-dependent population of skeletal muscle progenitor cells", Nature, vol. 435, no. 7044, pp. 948-953, 2005. (Pubitemid 40896320)
83. M. Bernasconi, A. Remppis, W. J. Fredericks, F. J. Rauscher, and B. W. Schäfer, "Induction of apoptosis in rhabdomyosarcoma cells through down-regulation of PAX proteins", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 93, no. 23, pp. 13164-13169, 1996. (Pubitemid 26382787)
84. N. Tiffin, R. D. Williams, J. Shipley, and K. Pritchard-Jones, "PAX7 expression in embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma suggests an origin in muscle satellite cells", British Journal of Cancer, vol. 89, no. 2, pp. 327-332, 2003. (Pubitemid 36976324)
85. T. Marquardt, R. Ashery-Padan, N. Andrejewski, R. Scardigli, F. Guillemot, and P. Gruss, "Pax6 is required for the multipotent state of retinal progenitor cells", Cell, vol. 105, no. 1, pp. 43-55, 2001. (Pubitemid 32323915)
86. M. Magnusson, A. C. M. Brun, N. Miyake et al., "HOXA10 is a critical regulator for hematopoietic stem cells and erythroid/megakaryocyte development", Blood, vol. 109, no. 9, pp. 3687-3696, 2007. (Pubitemid 46641717)
87. H. J. Lawrence, J. Christensen, S. Fong et al., "Loss of expression of the Hoxa-9 homeobox gene impairs the proliferation and repopulating ability of hematopoietic stem cells", Blood, vol. 106, no. 12, pp. 3988-3994, 2005. (Pubitemid 41739043)
88. A. Lavado, O. V. Lagutin, L. M. L. Chow, S. J. Baker, and G. Oliver, "Prox1 Is required for granule cell maturation and intermediate progenitor maintenance during brain neurogenesis", PLoS Biology, vol. 8, no. 8, pp. 43-44, 2010.
89. M. Self, O. V. Lagutin, B. Bowling et al., "Six2 is required for suppression of nephrogenesis and progenitor renewal in the developing kidney", EMBO Journal, vol. 25, no. 21, pp. 5214-5228, 2006. (Pubitemid 44658538)
90. X. I. Wang, M. Kruithof-de Julio, K. D. Economides et al., "A luminal epithelial stem cell that is a cell of origin for prostate cancer", Nature, vol. 461, no. 7263, pp. 495-500, 2009.
91. T. Kusakabe, N. Hoshi, and S. Kimura, "Origin of the ultimobranchial body cysts: T/ebp/Nkx2.1 expression is required for development and fusion of the ultimobranchial body to the thyroid", Developmental Dynamics, vol. 235, no. 5, pp. 1300-1309, 2006. (Pubitemid 43843913)