메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 215-226

Metabolic Disturbances in Diabetes

Author keywords

Carbohydrate metabolism; Carbohydrate metabolism in type 1 diabetes; Counter regulatory hormones; Diabetic ketoacidosis; Impaired fasting glucose IFG; Lipid metabolism in type 1 and type 2 diabetes; Protein metabolism in type 1 and type 2 diabetes

Indexed keywords


EID: 84870458235     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9781444324808.ch13     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (2)

References (141)
  • 1
    • 0026468362 scopus 로고
    • What if Minkowski had been ageusic? An alternative angle on diabetes
    • McGarry JD. What if Minkowski had been ageusic? An alternative angle on diabetes. Science 1992; 258: 766-770.
    • (1992) Science , vol.258 , pp. 766-770
    • McGarry, J.D.1
  • 2
    • 33746692515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Declassifying diabetes
    • Gale EA. Declassifying diabetes. Diabetologia 2006; 49: 1989-1995.
    • (2006) Diabetologia , vol.49 , pp. 1989-1995
    • Gale, E.A.1
  • 3
    • 0026320213 scopus 로고
    • Quantitation of hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in fasting humans with 13C NMR
    • Rothman DL, Magnusson I, Katz LD, Shulman RG, Shulman GI. Quantitation of hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in fasting humans with 13C NMR. Science 1991; 254: 573-576.
    • (1991) Science , vol.254 , pp. 573-576
    • Rothman, D.L.1    Magnusson, I.2    Katz, L.D.3    Shulman, R.G.4    Shulman, G.I.5
  • 4
    • 0024909192 scopus 로고
    • Hepatic glucose production in insulinresistant states
    • Ferrannini E, Groop LC. Hepatic glucose production in insulinresistant states. Diabetes Metab Rev 1989; 5: 711-726.
    • (1989) Diabetes Metab Rev , vol.5 , pp. 711-726
    • Ferrannini, E.1    Groop, L.C.2
  • 5
    • 0000044662 scopus 로고
    • The quantitatively minor role of carbohydrate in oxidative metabolism by skeletal muscle in intact man in the basal state: measurements of oxygen and glucose uptake and carbon dioxide and lactate production in the forearm
    • Andres R, Cader G, Zierler KL. The quantitatively minor role of carbohydrate in oxidative metabolism by skeletal muscle in intact man in the basal state: measurements of oxygen and glucose uptake and carbon dioxide and lactate production in the forearm. J Clin Invest 1956; 35: 671-682.
    • (1956) J Clin Invest , vol.35 , pp. 671-682
    • Andres, R.1    Cader, G.2    Zierler, K.L.3
  • 6
    • 0017077182 scopus 로고
    • Free fatty acid oxidation by forearm muscle at rest, and evidence for an intramuscular lipid pool in the human forearm
    • Dagenais GR, Tancredi RG, Zierler KL. Free fatty acid oxidation by forearm muscle at rest, and evidence for an intramuscular lipid pool in the human forearm. J Clin Invest 1976; 58: 421-431.
    • (1976) J Clin Invest , vol.58 , pp. 421-431
    • Dagenais, G.R.1    Tancredi, R.G.2    Zierler, K.L.3
  • 7
    • 0025162987 scopus 로고
    • Contribution of liver and skeletal muscle to alanine and lactate metabolism in humans
    • Consoli A, Nurjhan N, Reilly JJ, Jr., Bier DM, Gerich JE. Contribution of liver and skeletal muscle to alanine and lactate metabolism in humans. Am J Physiol 1990; 259: E677-684.
    • (1990) Am J Physiol , vol.259
    • Consoli, A.1    Nurjhan, N.2    Reilly Jr, J.J.3    Bier, D.M.4    Gerich, J.E.5
  • 8
    • 17744405359 scopus 로고
    • Dose-response characteristics for effects of insulin on production and utilization of glucose in man
    • Rizza RA, Mandarino LJ, Gerich JE. Dose-response characteristics for effects of insulin on production and utilization of glucose in man. Am J Physiol 1981; 240: E630-639.
    • (1981) Am J Physiol , vol.240
    • Rizza, R.A.1    Mandarino, L.J.2    Gerich, J.E.3
  • 9
    • 0025966024 scopus 로고
    • Contribution to postprandial hyperglycemia and effect on initial splanchnic glucose clearance of hepatic glucose cycling in glucose-intolerant or NIDDM patients
    • Butler PC, Rizza RA. Contribution to postprandial hyperglycemia and effect on initial splanchnic glucose clearance of hepatic glucose cycling in glucose-intolerant or NIDDM patients. Diabetes 1991; 40: 73-81.
    • (1991) Diabetes , vol.40 , pp. 73-81
    • Butler, P.C.1    Rizza, R.A.2
  • 10
    • 0018242291 scopus 로고
    • Experimental validation of measurements of glucose turnover in nonsteady state
    • Radziuk J, Norwich KH, Vranic M. Experimental validation of measurements of glucose turnover in nonsteady state. Am J Physiol 1978; 234: E84-93.
    • (1978) Am J Physiol , vol.234
    • Radziuk, J.1    Norwich, K.H.2    Vranic, M.3
  • 12
    • 0034128587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in relation to glucose tolerance: lessons from the Botnia Study
    • Tripathy D, Carlsson M, Almgren P, Isomaa B, Taskinen MR, Tuomi T, et al. Insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity in relation to glucose tolerance: lessons from the Botnia Study. Diabetes, 2000; 49: 975-980.
    • (2000) Diabetes , vol.49 , pp. 975-980
    • Tripathy, D.1    Carlsson, M.2    Almgren, P.3    Isomaa, B.4    Taskinen, M.R.5    Tuomi, T.6
  • 13
    • 0037365584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative role of insulin resistance and betacell dysfunction in the progression to type 2 diabetes: the Kinmen Study
    • Li CL, Tsai ST, Chou P. Relative role of insulin resistance and betacell dysfunction in the progression to type 2 diabetes: the Kinmen Study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2003; 59: 225-232.
    • (2003) Diabetes Res Clin Pract , vol.59 , pp. 225-23
    • Li, C.L.1    Tsai, S.T.2    Chou, P.3
  • 14
    • 0036306096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beta-cell function is a major contributor to oral glucose tolerance in high-risk relatives of four ethnic groups in the US
    • Jensen CC, Cnop M, Hull RL, Fujimoto WY, Kahn SE. Beta-cell function is a major contributor to oral glucose tolerance in high-risk relatives of four ethnic groups in the US. Diabetes, 2002; 51: 2170-2178.
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , pp. 2170-2178
    • Jensen, C.C.1    Cnop, M.2    Hull, R.L.3    Fujimoto, W.Y.4    Kahn, S.E.5
  • 15
    • 0032710789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic characteristics of individuals with impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance
    • Weyer C, Bogardus C, Pratley RE. Metabolic characteristics of individuals with impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes, 1999; 48: 2197-2203.
    • (1999) Diabetes , vol.48 , pp. 2197-2203
    • Weyer, C.1    Bogardus, C.2    Pratley, R.E.3
  • 16
    • 0035340319 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin secretory dysfunction and insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of Korean type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Kim DJ, Lee MS, Kim KW, Lee MK. Insulin secretory dysfunction and insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of Korean type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism, 2001; 50: 590-593.
    • (2001) Metabolism , vol.50 , pp. 590-593
    • Kim, D.J.1    Lee, M.S.2    Kim, K.W.3    Lee, M.K.4
  • 17
    • 33845514375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenesis of pre-diabetes: mechanisms of fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia in people with impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance
    • Bock G, Dalla Man C, Campioni M, Chittilapilly E, Basu R, Toffolo G, et al. Pathogenesis of pre-diabetes: mechanisms of fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia in people with impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance. Diabetes, 2006; 55: 3536-3549.
    • (2006) Diabetes , vol.55 , pp. 3536-3549
    • Bock, G.1    Dalla Man, C.2    Campioni, M.3    Chittilapilly, E.4    Basu, R.5    Toffolo, G.6
  • 20
    • 0029091884 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of postprandial hyperglycaemia in diabetes mellitus
    • Dinneen SF. Mechanism of postprandial hyperglycaemia in diabetes mellitus. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 1995; 7: 724-729.
    • (1995) Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol , vol.7 , pp. 724-729
    • Dinneen, S.F.1
  • 21
    • 0026795010 scopus 로고
    • Carbohydrate metabolism in noninsulin -dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Dinneen S, Gerich J, Rizza R. Carbohydrate metabolism in noninsulin -dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med, 1992; 327: 707-713.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.327 , pp. 707-713
    • Dinneen, S.1    Gerich, J.2    Rizza, R.3
  • 23
    • 0025346223 scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of hepatic glycogen by gluconeogenic precursors: substrate flux or metabolic control?
    • Youn JH, Bergman RN. Enhancement of hepatic glycogen by gluconeogenic precursors: substrate flux or metabolic control? Am J Physiol, 1990; 258: E899-906.
    • (1990) Am J Physiol , vol.258
    • Youn, J.H.1    Bergman, R.N.2
  • 24
    • 0042320958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher insulin concentrations are required to suppress gluconeogenesis than glycogenolysis in nondiabetic humans
    • Adkins A, Basu R, Persson M, Dicke B, Shah P, Vella A, et al. Higher insulin concentrations are required to suppress gluconeogenesis than glycogenolysis in nondiabetic humans. Diabetes, 2003; 52: 2213-2220.
    • (2003) Diabetes , vol.52 , pp. 2213-2220
    • Adkins, A.1    Basu, R.2    Persson, M.3    Dicke, B.4    Shah, P.5    Vella, A.6
  • 25
    • 0026022192 scopus 로고
    • Predictive value of intravenous glucose tolerance test insulin secretion less than or greater than the first percentile in islet cell antibody positive relatives of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients
    • Vardi P, Crisa L, Jackson RA. Predictive value of intravenous glucose tolerance test insulin secretion less than or greater than the first percentile in islet cell antibody positive relatives of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. Diabetologia, 1991; 34: 93-102.
    • (1991) Diabetologia , vol.34 , pp. 93-102
    • Vardi, P.1    Crisa, L.2    Jackson, R.A.3
  • 26
    • 0023733856 scopus 로고
    • Low acute insulin response to intravenous glucose: a sensitive but non-specific marker of early stages of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes
    • Vialettes B, Mattei-Zevaco C, Badier C, Ramahandridona G, Lassmann-Vague V, Vague P. Low acute insulin response to intravenous glucose: a sensitive but non-specific marker of early stages of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. Diabetologia, 1988; 31: 592-596.
    • (1988) Diabetologia , vol.31 , pp. 592-596
    • Vialettes, B.1    Mattei-Zevaco, C.2    Badier, C.3    Ramahandridona, G.4    Lassmann-Vague, V.5    Vague, P.6
  • 27
    • 0022622860 scopus 로고
    • Natural course of insulin resistance in type I diabetes
    • Yki-Jarvinen H, Koivisto VA. Natural course of insulin resistance in type I diabetes. N Engl J Med, 1986; 315: 224-230.
    • (1986) N Engl J Med , vol.315 , pp. 224-230
    • Yki-Jarvinen, H.1    Koivisto, V.A.2
  • 28
    • 0021149954 scopus 로고
    • Insulin sensitivity in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetics after ketoacidosis and after three months of insulin therapy
    • Yki-Jarvinen H, Koivisto VA. Insulin sensitivity in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetics after ketoacidosis and after three months of insulin therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1984; 59: 371-378.
    • (1984) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.59 , pp. 371-378
    • Yki-Jarvinen, H.1    Koivisto, V.A.2
  • 29
    • 0019995650 scopus 로고
    • Hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance: a common feature of type 2 (non-insulin -dependent) and type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus
    • DeFronzo RA, Simonson D, Ferrannini E. Hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance: a common feature of type 2 (non-insulin -dependent) and type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia, 1982; 23: 313-319.
    • (1982) Diabetologia , vol.23 , pp. 313-319
    • DeFronzo, R.A.1    Simonson, D.2    Ferrannini, E.3
  • 31
    • 0025138242 scopus 로고
    • Localization of rate-limiting defect for glucose disposal in skeletal muscle of insulin-resistant type 1 diabetic patients
    • Yki-Jarvinen H, Sahlin K, Ren JM, Koivisto VA. Localization of rate-limiting defect for glucose disposal in skeletal muscle of insulin-resistant type 1 diabetic patients. Diabetes, 1990; 39: 157-167.
    • (1990) Diabetes , vol.39 , pp. 157-167
    • Yki-Jarvinen, H.1    Sahlin, K.2    Ren, J.M.3    Koivisto, V.A.4
  • 32
    • 0023483134 scopus 로고
    • Enhanced hepatic insulin sensitivity, but peripheral insulin resistance in patients with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes
    • Hother-Nielsen O, Schmitz O, Bak J, Beck-Nielsen H. Enhanced hepatic insulin sensitivity, but peripheral insulin resistance in patients with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. Diabetologia, 1987; 30: 834-840.
    • (1987) Diabetologia , vol.30 , pp. 834-840
    • Hother-Nielsen, O.1    Schmitz, O.2    Bak, J.3    Beck-Nielsen, H.4
  • 33
    • 0034847718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type I diabetes mellitus does not alter initial splanchnic glucose extraction or hepatic UDP-glucose flux during enteral glucose administration
    • Vella A, Shah P, Basu R, Basu A, Camilleri M, Schwenk WF, et al. Type I diabetes mellitus does not alter initial splanchnic glucose extraction or hepatic UDP-glucose flux during enteral glucose administration. Diabetologia, 2001; 44: 729-737.
    • (2001) Diabetologia , vol.44 , pp. 729-737
    • Vella, A.1    Shah, P.2    Basu, R.3    Basu, A.4    Camilleri, M.5    Schwenk, W.F.6
  • 34
    • 0022338993 scopus 로고
    • Glucose transport and metabolism in adipocytes from newly diagnosed untreated insulin-dependent diabetics: severely impaired basal and postinsulin binding activities
    • Hjollund E, Pedersen O, Richelsen B, Beck-Nielsen H, Sorensen NS. Glucose transport and metabolism in adipocytes from newly diagnosed untreated insulin-dependent diabetics: severely impaired basal and postinsulin binding activities. J Clin Invest, 1985; 76: 2091-2096.
    • (1985) J Clin Invest , vol.76 , pp. 2091-2096
    • Hjollund, E.1    Pedersen, O.2    Richelsen, B.3    Beck-Nielsen, H.4    Sorensen, N.S.5
  • 35
    • 0019990913 scopus 로고
    • Insulin receptor binding to fat and blood cells and insulin action in fat cells from insulin-dependent diabetics
    • Pedersen O, Hjollund E. Insulin receptor binding to fat and blood cells and insulin action in fat cells from insulin-dependent diabetics. Diabetes, 1982; 31: 706-715.
    • (1982) Diabetes , vol.31 , pp. 706-715
    • Pedersen, O.1    Hjollund, E.2
  • 36
    • 0019997877 scopus 로고
    • Insulin binding and activation of glycogen synthase in fibroblasts from type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients
    • Podskalny JM, Kahn CR. Insulin binding and activation of glycogen synthase in fibroblasts from type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. Diabetologia, 1982; 23: 431-435.
    • (1982) Diabetologia , vol.23 , pp. 431-435
    • Podskalny, J.M.1    Kahn, C.R.2
  • 37
    • 0019427576 scopus 로고
    • Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, leucine incorporation into protein, and uridine incorporation into RNA in skin fibroblast cultures from patients with diabetes mellitus
    • Eckel RH, Fujimoto WY. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, leucine incorporation into protein, and uridine incorporation into RNA in skin fibroblast cultures from patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia, 1981; 20: 186-189.
    • (1981) Diabetologia , vol.20 , pp. 186-189
    • Eckel, R.H.1    Fujimoto, W.Y.2
  • 38
    • 0021248102 scopus 로고
    • Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy decreases insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes
    • Yki-Jarvinen H, Koivisto VA. Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy decreases insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1984; 58: 659-666.
    • (1984) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.58 , pp. 659-666
    • Yki-Jarvinen, H.1    Koivisto, V.A.2
  • 39
    • 0021053778 scopus 로고
    • Reversal of insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes after treatment with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion
    • Lager I, Lonnroth P, von Schenck H, Smith U. Reversal of insulin resistance in type 1 diabetes after treatment with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed), 1983; 287: 1661-1664.
    • (1983) Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) , vol.287 , pp. 1661-1664
    • Lager, I.1    Lonnroth, P.2    von Schenck, H.3    Smith, U.4
  • 41
    • 0021203072 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal meal carbohydrate disposition in insulin-dependent diabetes: relative contributions of endogenous glucose production and initial splanchnic uptake and effect of intensive insulin therapy
    • Pehling G, Tessari P, Gerich JE, Haymond MW, Service FJ, Rizza RA. Abnormal meal carbohydrate disposition in insulin-dependent diabetes: relative contributions of endogenous glucose production and initial splanchnic uptake and effect of intensive insulin therapy. J Clin Invest, 1984; 74: 985-991.
    • (1984) J Clin Invest , vol.74 , pp. 985-991
    • Pehling, G.1    Tessari, P.2    Gerich, J.E.3    Haymond, M.W.4    Service, F.J.5    Rizza, R.A.6
  • 42
    • 0016850888 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal pancreatic glucagon secretion and postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus
    • Gerich JE, Lorenzi M, Karam JH, Schneider V, Forsham PH. Abnormal pancreatic glucagon secretion and postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus. JAMA, 1975; 234: 159-155.
    • (1975) JAMA , vol.234 , pp. 159-155
    • Gerich, J.E.1    Lorenzi, M.2    Karam, J.H.3    Schneider, V.4    Forsham, P.H.5
  • 43
    • 0028847792 scopus 로고
    • Impaired net hepatic glycogen synthesis in insulin -dependent diabetic subjects during mixed meal ingestion: a 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy study
    • Hwang JH, Perseghin G, Rothman DL, Cline GW, Magnusson I, Petersen KF, et al. Impaired net hepatic glycogen synthesis in insulin -dependent diabetic subjects during mixed meal ingestion: a 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. J Clin Invest, 1995; 95: 783-787.
    • (1995) J Clin Invest , vol.95 , pp. 783-787
    • Hwang, J.H.1    Perseghin, G.2    Rothman, D.L.3    Cline, G.W.4    Magnusson, I.5    Petersen, K.F.6
  • 44
    • 0028172989 scopus 로고
    • 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of hepatic glucose metabolism in normal subjects and subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Cline GW, Rothman DL, Magnusson I, Katz LD, Shulman GI. 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of hepatic glucose metabolism in normal subjects and subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest, 1994; 94: 2369-2376.
    • (1994) J Clin Invest , vol.94 , pp. 2369-2376
    • Cline, G.W.1    Rothman, D.L.2    Magnusson, I.3    Katz, L.D.4    Shulman, G.I.5
  • 45
    • 0022452437 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between oral glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in healthy man and type 1 diabetic patients
    • Yki-Jarvinen H, Helve E, Koivisto VA. Relationship between oral glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in healthy man and type 1 diabetic patients. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh), 1986; 112: 355-360.
    • (1986) Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) , vol.112 , pp. 355-360
    • Yki-Jarvinen, H.1    Helve, E.2    Koivisto, V.A.3
  • 46
    • 0021867605 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of insulin-mediated and glucose-mediated glucose disposal in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and in nondiabetic subjects
    • Hansen IL, Cryer PE, Rizza RA. Comparison of insulin-mediated and glucose-mediated glucose disposal in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and in nondiabetic subjects. Diabetes, 1985; 34: 751-755.
    • (1985) Diabetes , vol.34 , pp. 751-755
    • Hansen, I.L.1    Cryer, P.E.2    Rizza, R.A.3
  • 47
    • 0024437973 scopus 로고
    • Persistent abnormalities of the metabolism of an oral glucose load in insulin-treated type I diabetics
    • Benn JJ, Bozzard SJ, Kelley D, Mitrakou A, Aoki T, Sorensen J, et al. Persistent abnormalities of the metabolism of an oral glucose load in insulin-treated type I diabetics. Metabolism, 1989; 38: 1047-1055.
    • (1989) Metabolism , vol.38 , pp. 1047-1055
    • Benn, J.J.1    Bozzard, S.J.2    Kelley, D.3    Mitrakou, A.4    Aoki, T.5    Sorensen, J.6
  • 48
    • 0031742335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased intestinal glucose absorption and postprandial hyperglycaemia at the early step of glucose intolerance in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats
    • Fujita Y, Kojima H, Hidaka H, Fujimiya M, Kashiwagi A, Kikkawa R. Increased intestinal glucose absorption and postprandial hyperglycaemia at the early step of glucose intolerance in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats. Diabetologia, 1998; 41: 1459-1466.
    • (1998) Diabetologia , vol.41 , pp. 1459-1466
    • Fujita, Y.1    Kojima, H.2    Hidaka, H.3    Fujimiya, M.4    Kashiwagi, A.5    Kikkawa, R.6
  • 49
    • 0028344106 scopus 로고
    • Small intestine hexose transport in experimental diabetes: increased transporter mRNA and protein expression in enterocytes
    • Burant CF, Flink S, DePaoli AM, Chen J, Lee WS, Hediger MA, et al. Small intestine hexose transport in experimental diabetes: increased transporter mRNA and protein expression in enterocytes. J Clin Invest, 1994; 93: 578-585.
    • (1994) J Clin Invest , vol.93 , pp. 578-585
    • Burant, C.F.1    Flink, S.2    DePaoli, A.M.3    Chen, J.4    Lee, W.S.5    Hediger, M.A.6
  • 50
    • 0031963964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defects in insulin secretion and insulin action in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus are inherited: metabolic studies on offspring of diabetic probands
    • Vauhkonen I, Niskanen L, Vanninen E, Kainulainen S, Uusitupa M, Laakso M. Defects in insulin secretion and insulin action in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus are inherited: metabolic studies on offspring of diabetic probands. J Clin Invest, 1998; 101: 86-96.
    • (1998) J Clin Invest , vol.101 , pp. 86-96
    • Vauhkonen, I.1    Niskanen, L.2    Vanninen, E.3    Kainulainen, S.4    Uusitupa, M.5    Laakso, M.6
  • 51
    • 0023951171 scopus 로고
    • Impaired pulsatile secretion of insulin in relatives of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes
    • O'Rahilly S, Turner RC, Matthews DR. Impaired pulsatile secretion of insulin in relatives of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. N Engl J Med, 1988; 318: 1225-1230.
    • (1988) N Engl J Med , vol.318 , pp. 1225-1230
    • O'Rahilly, S.1    Turner, R.C.2    Matthews, D.R.3
  • 52
    • 0035960122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular mechanisms and clinical pathophysiology of maturity-onset diabetes of the young
    • Fajans SS, Bell GI, Polonsky KS. Molecular mechanisms and clinical pathophysiology of maturity-onset diabetes of the young. N Engl J Med, 2001; 345: 971-980.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , pp. 971-980
    • Fajans, S.S.1    Bell, G.I.2    Polonsky, K.S.3
  • 53
    • 0032742992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The natural history of insulin secretory dysfunction and insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Weyer C, Bogardus C, Mott DM, Pratley RE. The natural history of insulin secretory dysfunction and insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest, 1999; 104: 787-794.
    • (1999) J Clin Invest , vol.104 , pp. 787-794
    • Weyer, C.1    Bogardus, C.2    Mott, D.M.3    Pratley, R.E.4
  • 54
    • 0025142898 scopus 로고
    • Natural history of beta-cell dysfunction in NIDDM
    • Leahy JL. Natural history of beta-cell dysfunction in NIDDM. Diabetes Care, 1990; 13: 992-1010.
    • (1990) Diabetes Care , vol.13 , pp. 992-1010
    • Leahy, J.L.1
  • 56
    • 84984109597 scopus 로고
    • Islets of Langerhans in normal and diabetic humans: ultrastructure and histochemistry, with special reference to hyalinosis
    • Kawanishi H, Akazawa Y, Machii B. Islets of Langerhans in normal and diabetic humans: ultrastructure and histochemistry, with special reference to hyalinosis. Acta Pathol Jpn, 1966; 16: 177-197.
    • (1966) Acta Pathol Jpn , vol.16 , pp. 177-197
    • Kawanishi, H.1    Akazawa, Y.2    Machii, B.3
  • 57
    • 0029935830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a change in the pattern of insulin delivery on carbohydrate tolerance in diabetic and nondiabetic humans in the presence of differing degrees of insulin resistance
    • Basu A, Alzaid A, Dinneen S, Caumo A, Cobelli C, Rizza RA. Effects of a change in the pattern of insulin delivery on carbohydrate tolerance in diabetic and nondiabetic humans in the presence of differing degrees of insulin resistance. J Clin Invest, 1996; 97: 2351-2361.
    • (1996) J Clin Invest , vol.97 , pp. 2351-2361
    • Basu, A.1    Alzaid, A.2    Dinneen, S.3    Caumo, A.4    Cobelli, C.5    Rizza, R.A.6
  • 58
    • 0024539271 scopus 로고
    • Effects of basal insulin supplementation on disposition of mixed meal in obese patients with NIDDM
    • McMahon M, Marsh HM, Rizza RA. Effects of basal insulin supplementation on disposition of mixed meal in obese patients with NIDDM. Diabetes, 1989; 3 8: 291-303.
    • (1989) Diabetes , vol.38 , pp. 291-303
    • McMahon, M.1    Marsh, H.M.2    Rizza, R.A.3
  • 59
    • 0030966001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of subcutaneous GLP-1 on gastric emptying, antroduodenal motility, and pancreatic function in men
    • Schirra J, Kuwert P, Wank U, Leicht P, Arnold R, Goke B, et al. Differential effects of subcutaneous GLP-1 on gastric emptying, antroduodenal motility, and pancreatic function in men. Proc Assoc Am Physicians, 1997; 109: 84-97.
    • (1997) Proc Assoc Am Physicians , vol.109 , pp. 84-97
    • Schirra, J.1    Kuwert, P.2    Wank, U.3    Leicht, P.4    Arnold, R.5    Goke, B.6
  • 60
    • 0025066579 scopus 로고
    • Contribution of abnormal muscle and liver glucose metabolism to postprandial hyperglycemia in NIDDM
    • Mitrakou A, Kelley D, Veneman T, Jenssen T, Pangburn T, Reilly J, et al. Contribution of abnormal muscle and liver glucose metabolism to postprandial hyperglycemia in NIDDM. Diabetes, 1990; 39: 1381-1390.
    • (1990) Diabetes , vol.39 , pp. 1381-1390
    • Mitrakou, A.1    Kelley, D.2    Veneman, T.3    Jenssen, T.4    Pangburn, T.5    Reilly, J.6
  • 61
    • 0031054198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired basal glucose effectiveness in NIDDM: contribution of defects in glucose disappearance and production, measured using anoptimized minimal model independent protocol
    • Basu A, Caumo A, Bettini F, Gelisio A, Alzaid A, Cobelli C, et al. Impaired basal glucose effectiveness in NIDDM: contribution of defects in glucose disappearance and production, measured using anoptimized minimal model independent protocol. Diabetes, 1997; 46: 421-432.
    • (1997) Diabetes , vol.46 , pp. 421-432
    • Basu, A.1    Caumo, A.2    Bettini, F.3    Gelisio, A.4    Alzaid, A.5    Cobelli, C.6
  • 62
    • 0031719659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal glucose-induced suppression of glucose production but impaired stimulation of glucose disposal in type 2 diabetes: evidence for a concentration-dependent defect in uptake
    • Nielsen MF, Basu R, Wise S, Caumo A, Cobelli C, Rizza RA. Normal glucose-induced suppression of glucose production but impaired stimulation of glucose disposal in type 2 diabetes: evidence for a concentration-dependent defect in uptake. Diabetes, 1998; 47: 1735-1747.
    • (1998) Diabetes , vol.47 , pp. 1735-1747
    • Nielsen, M.F.1    Basu, R.2    Wise, S.3    Caumo, A.4    Cobelli, C.5    Rizza, R.A.6
  • 63
    • 0031908153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of glucagon on postprandial carbohydrate metabolism in nondiabetic humans
    • Frank JW, Camilleri M, Thomforde GM, Dinneen SF, Rizza RA. Effects of glucagon on postprandial carbohydrate metabolism in nondiabetic humans. Metabolism, 1998; 47: 7-12.
    • (1998) Metabolism , vol.47 , pp. 7-12
    • Frank, J.W.1    Camilleri, M.2    Thomforde, G.M.3    Dinneen, S.F.4    Rizza, R.A.5
  • 64
    • 0032877316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of lack of suppression of glucagon on glucose tolerance in humans
    • Shah P, Basu A, Basu R, Rizza R. Impact of lack of suppression of glucagon on glucose tolerance in humans. Am J Physiol, 1999; 277: E283-290.
    • (1999) Am J Physiol , vol.277
    • Shah, P.1    Basu, A.2    Basu, R.3    Rizza, R.4
  • 65
    • 0034524938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of suppression of glucagon contributes to postprandial hyperglycemia in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Shah P, Vella A, Basu A, Basu R, Schwenk WF, Rizza RA. Lack of suppression of glucagon contributes to postprandial hyperglycemia in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2000; 85: 4053-4059.
    • (2000) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.85 , pp. 4053-4059
    • Shah, P.1    Vella, A.2    Basu, A.3    Basu, R.4    Schwenk, W.F.5    Rizza, R.A.6
  • 66
    • 0025957988 scopus 로고
    • Basal and stimulated plasma levels of pancreatic amylin indicate its co-secretion with insulin in humans
    • Hartter E, Svoboda T, Ludvik B, Schuller M, Lell B, Kuenburg E, et al. Basal and stimulated plasma levels of pancreatic amylin indicate its co-secretion with insulin in humans. Diabetologia, 1991; 34: 52-54.
    • (1991) Diabetologia , vol.34 , pp. 52-54
    • Hartter, E.1    Svoboda, T.2    Ludvik, B.3    Schuller, M.4    Lell, B.5    Kuenburg, E.6
  • 67
    • 0032932422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracellular amyloidogenesis by human islet amyloid polypeptide induces apoptosis in COS-1 cells
    • Hiddinga HJ, Eberhardt NL. Intracellular amyloidogenesis by human islet amyloid polypeptide induces apoptosis in COS-1 cells. Am J Pathol, 1999; 154: 1077-1088.
    • (1999) Am J Pathol , vol.154 , pp. 1077-1088
    • Hiddinga, H.J.1    Eberhardt, N.L.2
  • 68
    • 0029126786 scopus 로고
    • Human islet amyloid polypeptide expression in COS-1 cells: a model of intracellular amyloidogenesis
    • O'Brien TD, Butler PC, Kreutter DK, Kane LA, Eberhardt NL. Human islet amyloid polypeptide expression in COS-1 cells: a model of intracellular amyloidogenesis. Am J Pathol, 1995; 147: 609-616.
    • (1995) Am J Pathol , vol.147 , pp. 609-616
    • O'Brien, T.D.1    Butler, P.C.2    Kreutter, D.K.3    Kane, L.A.4    Eberhardt, N.L.5
  • 69
    • 0033765237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of nutrient ingestion on glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36 amide) secretion in human type 1 and type 2 diabetes
    • Lugari R, Dell'Anna C, Ugolotti D, Dei Cas A, Barilli AL, Zandomeneghi R, et al. Effect of nutrient ingestion on glucagon-like peptide 1 (7-36 amide) secretion in human type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Horm Metab Res, 2000; 32: 424-428.
    • (2000) Horm Metab Res , vol.32 , pp. 424-428
    • Lugari, R.1    Dell'Anna, C.2    Ugolotti, D.3    Dei Cas, A.4    Barilli, A.L.5    Zandomeneghi, R.6
  • 70
    • 0001095690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced postprandial concentrations of intact biologically active glucagon-like peptide 1 in type 2 diabetic patients
    • Vilsboll T, Krarup T, Deacon CF, Madsbad S, Holst JJ. Reduced postprandial concentrations of intact biologically active glucagon-like peptide 1 in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes, 2001; 50: 609-613.
    • (2001) Diabetes , vol.50 , pp. 609-613
    • Vilsboll, T.1    Krarup, T.2    Deacon, C.F.3    Madsbad, S.4    Holst, J.J.5
  • 71
    • 0033739493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and leptin concentrations in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Mannucci E, Ognibene A, Cremasco F, Bardini G, Mencucci A, Pierazzuoli E, et al. Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and leptin concentrations in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabet Med, 2000; 17: 713-719.
    • (2000) Diabet Med , vol.17 , pp. 713-719
    • Mannucci, E.1    Ognibene, A.2    Cremasco, F.3    Bardini, G.4    Mencucci, A.5    Pierazzuoli, E.6
  • 72
    • 0029907680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of subcutaneous glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1 [7-36 amide]) in patients with NIDDM
    • Nauck MA, Wollschlager D, Werner J, Holst JJ, Orskov C, Creutzfeldt W, et al. Effects of subcutaneous glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1 [7-36 amide]) in patients with NIDDM. Diabetologia, 1996; 39: 1546-1553.
    • (1996) Diabetologia , vol.39 , pp. 1546-1553
    • Nauck, M.A.1    Wollschlager, D.2    Werner, J.3    Holst, J.J.4    Orskov, C.5    Creutzfeldt, W.6
  • 73
    • 0026596851 scopus 로고
    • Antidiabetogenic effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide in normal subjects and patients with diabetes mellitus
    • Gutniak M, Orskov C, Holst JJ, Ahren B, Efendic S. Antidiabetogenic effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36) amide in normal subjects and patients with diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med, 1992; 326: 1316-1322.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.326 , pp. 1316-1322
    • Gutniak, M.1    Orskov, C.2    Holst, J.J.3    Ahren, B.4    Efendic, S.5
  • 74
    • 0028071448 scopus 로고
    • Subcutaneous injection of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 abolishes postprandial glycemia in NIDDM
    • Gutniak MK, Linde B, Holst JJ, Efendic S. Subcutaneous injection of the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 abolishes postprandial glycemia in NIDDM. Diabetes Care, 1994; 17: 1039-1044.
    • (1994) Diabetes Care , vol.17 , pp. 1039-1044
    • Gutniak, M.K.1    Linde, B.2    Holst, J.J.3    Efendic, S.4
  • 75
    • 0031695395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucagon-like peptide 1 increases the period of postprandial satiety and slows gastric emptying in obese men
    • Naslund E, Gutniak M, Skogar S, Rossner S, Hellstrom PM. Glucagon-like peptide 1 increases the period of postprandial satiety and slows gastric emptying in obese men. Am J Clin Nutr, 1998; 68: 525-530.
    • (1998) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.68 , pp. 525-530
    • Naslund, E.1    Gutniak, M.2    Skogar, S.3    Rossner, S.4    Hellstrom, P.M.5
  • 76
    • 0034111103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of glucagon -like peptide 1 (7-36) amide on glucose effectiveness and insulin action in people with type 2 diabetes
    • Vella A, Shah P, Basu R, Basu A, Holst JJ, Rizza RA. Effect of glucagon -like peptide 1 (7-36) amide on glucose effectiveness and insulin action in people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, 2000; 49: 611-617.
    • (2000) Diabetes , vol.49 , pp. 611-617
    • Vella, A.1    Shah, P.2    Basu, R.3    Basu, A.4    Holst, J.J.5    Rizza, R.A.6
  • 77
    • 0024392514 scopus 로고
    • Glucose and free fatty acid metabolism in non -insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: evidence for multiple sites of insulin resistance
    • Groop LC, Bonadonna RC, DelPrato S, Ratheiser K, Zyck K, Ferrannini E, et al. Glucose and free fatty acid metabolism in non -insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: evidence for multiple sites of insulin resistance. J Clin Invest, 1989; 84: 205-213.
    • (1989) J Clin Invest , vol.84 , pp. 205-213
    • Groop, L.C.1    Bonadonna, R.C.2    DelPrato, S.3    Ratheiser, K.4    Zyck, K.5    Ferrannini, E.6
  • 78
    • 0023595214 scopus 로고
    • Insulin action in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: the relationship between hepatic and extrahepatic insulin resistance and obesity
    • Firth R, Bell P, Rizza R. Insulin action in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: the relationship between hepatic and extrahepatic insulin resistance and obesity. Metabolism, 1987; 36: 1091-1095.
    • (1987) Metabolism , vol.36 , pp. 1091-1095
    • Firth, R.1    Bell, P.2    Rizza, R.3
  • 79
    • 0032456709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance versus insulin deficiency in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: problems and prospects
    • Ferrannini E. Insulin resistance versus insulin deficiency in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: problems and prospects. Endocr Rev, 1998; 19: 477-490.
    • (1998) Endocr Rev , vol.19 , pp. 477-490
    • Ferrannini, E.1
  • 80
  • 81
    • 3042701667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Both fasting glucose production and disappearance are abnormal in people with "mild" and "severe" type 2 diabetes
    • Basu R, Schwenk WF, Rizza RA. Both fasting glucose production and disappearance are abnormal in people with "mild" and "severe" type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 2004; 287: E55-62.
    • (2004) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab , vol.287
    • Basu, R.1    Schwenk, W.F.2    Rizza, R.A.3
  • 82
    • 0022467301 scopus 로고
    • Postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: role of hepatic and extrahepatic tissues
    • Firth RG, Bell PM, Marsh HM, Hansen I, Rizza RA. Postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: role of hepatic and extrahepatic tissues. J Clin Invest, 1986; 77: 1525-1532.
    • (1986) J Clin Invest , vol.77 , pp. 1525-1532
    • Firth, R.G.1    Bell, P.M.2    Marsh, H.M.3    Hansen, I.4    Rizza, R.A.5
  • 83
    • 0034992273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 2 diabetes impairs splanchnic uptake of glucose but does not alter intestinal glucose absorption during enteral glucose feeding: additional evidence for a defect in hepatic glucokinase activity
    • Basu A, Basu R, Shah P, Vella A, Johnson CM, Jensen M, et al. Type 2 diabetes impairs splanchnic uptake of glucose but does not alter intestinal glucose absorption during enteral glucose feeding: additional evidence for a defect in hepatic glucokinase activity. Diabetes, 2001; 50: 1351-1362.
    • (2001) Diabetes , vol.50 , pp. 1351-1362
    • Basu, A.1    Basu, R.2    Shah, P.3    Vella, A.4    Johnson, C.M.5    Jensen, M.6
  • 84
    • 0033985724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of type 2 diabetes on the ability of insulin and glucose to regulate splanchnic and muscle glucose metabolism: evidence for a defect in hepatic glucokinase activity
    • Basu A, Basu R, Shah P, Vella A, Johnson CM, Nair KS, et al. Effects of type 2 diabetes on the ability of insulin and glucose to regulate splanchnic and muscle glucose metabolism: evidence for a defect in hepatic glucokinase activity. Diabetes, 2000; 49: 272-283.
    • (2000) Diabetes , vol.49 , pp. 272-283
    • Basu, A.1    Basu, R.2    Shah, P.3    Vella, A.4    Johnson, C.M.5    Nair, K.S.6
  • 85
    • 0036217052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disordered fat storage and mobilization in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes
    • Lewis GF, Carpentier A, Adeli K, Giacca A. Disordered fat storage and mobilization in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Endocr Rev, 2002; 23: 201-229.
    • (2002) Endocr Rev , vol.23 , pp. 201-229
    • Lewis, G.F.1    Carpentier, A.2    Adeli, K.3    Giacca, A.4
  • 86
    • 0027444656 scopus 로고
    • Postprandial free fatty acid kinetics are abnormal in upper body obesity
    • Roust LR, Jensen MD. Postprandial free fatty acid kinetics are abnormal in upper body obesity. Diabetes, 1993; 42: 1567-1573.
    • (1993) Diabetes , vol.42 , pp. 1567-1573
    • Roust, L.R.1    Jensen, M.D.2
  • 87
    • 0025764186 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of hepatic glucose production by non-esterified fatty acids in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus
    • Saloranta C, Franssila-Kallunki A, Ekstrand A, Taskinen MR, Groop L. Modulation of hepatic glucose production by non-esterified fatty acids in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia, 1991; 34: 409-415.
    • (1991) Diabetologia , vol.34 , pp. 409-415
    • Saloranta, C.1    Franssila-Kallunki, A.2    Ekstrand, A.3    Taskinen, M.R.4    Groop, L.5
  • 88
    • 0026684963 scopus 로고
    • Carbohydrate restriction regulates the adaptive response to fasting
    • Klein S, Wolfe RR. Carbohydrate restriction regulates the adaptive response to fasting. Am J Physiol, 1992; 262: E631-636.
    • (1992) Am J Physiol , vol.262
    • Klein, S.1    Wolfe, R.R.2
  • 89
    • 0027218865 scopus 로고
    • Interaction between glucose and free fatty acid metabolism in human skeletal muscle
    • Kelley DE, Mokan M, Simoneau JA, Mandarino LJ. Interaction between glucose and free fatty acid metabolism in human skeletal muscle. J Clin Invest, 1993; 92: 91-98.
    • (1993) J Clin Invest , vol.92 , pp. 91-98
    • Kelley, D.E.1    Mokan, M.2    Simoneau, J.A.3    Mandarino, L.J.4
  • 91
    • 0020578742 scopus 로고
    • Effects of free fatty acid availability, glucagon excess, and insulin deficiency on ketone body production in postabsorptive man
    • Miles JM, Haymond MW, Nissen SL, Gerich JE. Effects of free fatty acid availability, glucagon excess, and insulin deficiency on ketone body production in postabsorptive man. J Clin Invest, 1983; 71: 1554-1561.
    • (1983) J Clin Invest , vol.71 , pp. 1554-1561
    • Miles, J.M.1    Haymond, M.W.2    Nissen, S.L.3    Gerich, J.E.4
  • 92
    • 0028883204 scopus 로고
    • Failure of glucagon suppression contributes to postprandial hyperglycaemia in IDDM
    • Dinneen S, Alzaid A, Turk D, Rizza R. Failure of glucagon suppression contributes to postprandial hyperglycaemia in IDDM. Diabetologia, 1995; 38: 337-343.
    • (1995) Diabetologia , vol.38 , pp. 337-343
    • Dinneen, S.1    Alzaid, A.2    Turk, D.3    Rizza, R.4
  • 93
    • 0023103786 scopus 로고
    • Lipolysis during fasting: decreased suppression by insulin and increased stimulation by epinephrine
    • Jensen MD, Haymond MW, Gerich JE, Cryer PE, Miles JM. Lipolysis during fasting: decreased suppression by insulin and increased stimulation by epinephrine. J Clin Invest, 1987; 79: 207-213.
    • (1987) J Clin Invest , vol.79 , pp. 207-213
    • Jensen, M.D.1    Haymond, M.W.2    Gerich, J.E.3    Cryer, P.E.4    Miles, J.M.5
  • 94
    • 0027230914 scopus 로고
    • Effects of exercise and weight loss on leucine turnover in different types of obesity
    • Kanaley JA, Haymond MW, Jensen MD. Effects of exercise and weight loss on leucine turnover in different types of obesity. Am J Physiol, 1993; 264: E687-692.
    • (1993) Am J Physiol , vol.264
    • Kanaley, J.A.1    Haymond, M.W.2    Jensen, M.D.3
  • 95
    • 0025008852 scopus 로고
    • Differences between prebreakfast and late afternoon glycemic responses to exercise in IDDM patients
    • Ruegemer JJ, Squires RW, Marsh HM, Haymond MW, Cryer PE, Rizza RA, et al. Differences between prebreakfast and late afternoon glycemic responses to exercise in IDDM patients. Diabetes Care, 1990; 13: 104-110.
    • (1990) Diabetes Care , vol.13 , pp. 104-110
    • Ruegemer, J.J.1    Squires, R.W.2    Marsh, H.M.3    Haymond, M.W.4    Cryer, P.E.5    Rizza, R.A.6
  • 97
    • 0021436667 scopus 로고
    • Turnover and splanchnic metabolism of free fatty acids and ketones in insulin-dependent diabetics at rest and in response to exercise
    • Wahren J, Sato Y, Ostman J, Hagenfeldt L, Felig P. Turnover and splanchnic metabolism of free fatty acids and ketones in insulin-dependent diabetics at rest and in response to exercise. J Clin Invest, 1984; 73: 1367-1376.
    • (1984) J Clin Invest , vol.73 , pp. 1367-1376
    • Wahren, J.1    Sato, Y.2    Ostman, J.3    Hagenfeldt, L.4    Felig, P.5
  • 98
    • 0024244339 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of plasma glucose, free fatty acid, lactate, and insulin for 24 h in patients with NIDDM
    • Reaven GM, Hollenbeck C, Jeng CY, Wu MS, Chen YD. Measurement of plasma glucose, free fatty acid, lactate, and insulin for 24 h in patients with NIDDM. Diabetes, 1988; 37: 1020-1024.
    • (1988) Diabetes , vol.37 , pp. 1020-1024
    • Reaven, G.M.1    Hollenbeck, C.2    Jeng, C.Y.3    Wu, M.S.4    Chen, Y.D.5
  • 101
    • 0023026312 scopus 로고
    • Insulin dose-response characteristics for suppression of glycerol release and conversion to glucose in humans
    • Nurjhan N, Campbell PJ, Kennedy FP, Miles JM, Gerich JE. Insulin dose-response characteristics for suppression of glycerol release and conversion to glucose in humans. Diabetes, 1986; 35: 1326-1331.
    • (1986) Diabetes , vol.35 , pp. 1326-1331
    • Nurjhan, N.1    Campbell, P.J.2    Kennedy, F.P.3    Miles, J.M.4    Gerich, J.E.5
  • 103
    • 0036063775 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of free fatty acids and glycerol on splanchnic glucose metabolism and insulin extraction in nondiabetic humans
    • Shah P, Vella A, Basu A, Basu R, Adkins A, Schwenk WF, et al. Effects of free fatty acids and glycerol on splanchnic glucose metabolism and insulin extraction in nondiabetic humans. Diabetes, 2002; 51: 301-310.
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , pp. 301-310
    • Shah, P.1    Vella, A.2    Basu, A.3    Basu, R.4    Adkins, A.5    Schwenk, W.F.6
  • 104
    • 0031014830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of fatty acids in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and NIDDM
    • Boden G. Role of fatty acids in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and NIDDM. Diabetes, 1997; 46: 3-10.
    • (1997) Diabetes , vol.46 , pp. 3-10
    • Boden, G.1
  • 105
    • 38449097453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes and protein metabolism
    • Moller N, Nair KS. Diabetes and protein metabolism. Diabetes, 2008; 57: 3-4.
    • (2008) Diabetes , vol.57 , pp. 3-4
    • Moller, N.1    Nair, K.S.2
  • 106
    • 0017233245 scopus 로고
    • Studies in whole body potassium and whole body nitrogen in newly diagnosed diabetics
    • Walsh CH, Soler NG, James H, Harvey TC, Thomas BJ, Fremlin JH, et al. Studies in whole body potassium and whole body nitrogen in newly diagnosed diabetics. Q J Med, 1976; 45: 295-301.
    • (1976) Q J Med , vol.45 , pp. 295-301
    • Walsh, C.H.1    Soler, N.G.2    James, H.3    Harvey, T.C.4    Thomas, B.J.5    Fremlin, J.H.6
  • 107
    • 0000948271 scopus 로고
    • On diabetic acidosis: a detailed study of electrolyte balances following the withdrawal and reestablishment of insulin therapy
    • Atchley DW, Loeb RF, Richards DW, Benedict EM, Driscoll ME. On diabetic acidosis: a detailed study of electrolyte balances following the withdrawal and reestablishment of insulin therapy. J Clin Invest, 1933; 12: 297-326.
    • (1933) J Clin Invest , vol.12 , pp. 297-326
    • Atchley, D.W.1    Loeb, R.F.2    Richards, D.W.3    Benedict, E.M.4    Driscoll, M.E.5
  • 109
    • 0021039123 scopus 로고
    • Effect of poor diabetic control and obesity on whole body protein metabolism in man
    • Nair KS, Garrow JS, Ford C, Mahler RF, Halliday D. Effect of poor diabetic control and obesity on whole body protein metabolism in man. Diabetologia, 1983; 25: 400-403.
    • (1983) Diabetologia , vol.25 , pp. 400-403
    • Nair, K.S.1    Garrow, J.S.2    Ford, C.3    Mahler, R.F.4    Halliday, D.5
  • 110
    • 0030015688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for a catabolic role of glucagon during an amino acid load
    • Charlton MR, Adey DB, Nair KS. Evidence for a catabolic role of glucagon during an amino acid load. J Clin Invest, 1996; 98: 90-99.
    • (1996) J Clin Invest , vol.98 , pp. 90-99
    • Charlton, M.R.1    Adey, D.B.2    Nair, K.S.3
  • 111
    • 0029073033 scopus 로고
    • Protein dynamics in whole body and in splanchnic and leg tissues in type 1 diabetic patients
    • Nair KS, Ford GC, Ekberg K, Fernqvist-Forbes E, Wahren J. Protein dynamics in whole body and in splanchnic and leg tissues in type 1 diabetic patients. J Clin Invest, 1995; 95: 2926-2937.
    • (1995) J Clin Invest , vol.95 , pp. 2926-2937
    • Nair, K.S.1    Ford, G.C.2    Ekberg, K.3    Fernqvist-Forbes, E.4    Wahren, J.5
  • 113
    • 0027436656 scopus 로고
    • Different sensitivity of glucose and amino acid metabolism to insulin in NIDDM
    • Luzi L, Petrides AS, De Fronzo RA. Different sensitivity of glucose and amino acid metabolism to insulin in NIDDM. Diabetes, 1993; 42: 1868-1877.
    • (1993) Diabetes , vol.42 , pp. 1868-1877
    • Luzi, L.1    Petrides, A.S.2    De Fronzo, R.A.3
  • 114
    • 0031937383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of exogenous insulin on protein metabolism with differing nonprotein energy intakes in type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Gougeon R, Marliss EB, Jones PJ, Pencharz PB, Morais JA. Effect of exogenous insulin on protein metabolism with differing nonprotein energy intakes in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 1998; 22: 250-261.
    • (1998) Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord , vol.22 , pp. 250-261
    • Gougeon, R.1    Marliss, E.B.2    Jones, P.J.3    Pencharz, P.B.4    Morais, J.A.5
  • 115
    • 0033960943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of oral hypoglycemic agents and diet on protein metabolism in type 2 diabetes
    • Gougeon R, Styhler K, Morais JA, Jones PJ, Marliss EB. Effects of oral hypoglycemic agents and diet on protein metabolism in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 2000; 23: 1-8.
    • (2000) Diabetes Care , vol.23 , pp. 1-8
    • Gougeon, R.1    Styhler, K.2    Morais, J.A.3    Jones, P.J.4    Marliss, E.B.5
  • 118
    • 0031852592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular risk factors in non-insulin-dependent diabetics compared to non-diabetic controls: a population-based survey among Asians in Singapore
    • Hughes K, Choo M, Kuperan P, Ong CN, Aw TC. Cardiovascular risk factors in non-insulin-dependent diabetics compared to non-diabetic controls: a population-based survey among Asians in Singapore. Atherosclerosis, 1998; 136: 25-31.
    • (1998) Atherosclerosis , vol.136 , pp. 25-31
    • Hughes, K.1    Choo, M.2    Kuperan, P.3    Ong, C.N.4    Aw, T.C.5
  • 119
    • 0034126428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of troglitazone on blood concentrations of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 in patients with type 2 diabetes and in lean and obese normal subjects
    • Kruszynska YT, Yu JG, Olefsky JM, Sobel BE. Effects of troglitazone on blood concentrations of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 in patients with type 2 diabetes and in lean and obese normal subjects. Diabetes, 2000; 49: 633-639.
    • (2000) Diabetes , vol.49 , pp. 633-639
    • Kruszynska, Y.T.1    Yu, J.G.2    Olefsky, J.M.3    Sobel, B.E.4
  • 120
    • 0036789137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of thiazolidinediones on plasma adiponectin levels in normal, obese, and type 2 diabetic subjects
    • Yu JG, Javorschi S, Hevener AL, Kruszynska YT, Norman RA, Sinha M, et al. The effect of thiazolidinediones on plasma adiponectin levels in normal, obese, and type 2 diabetic subjects. Diabetes, 2002; 51: 2968-2974.
    • (2002) Diabetes , vol.51 , pp. 2968-2974
    • Yu, J.G.1    Javorschi, S.2    Hevener, A.L.3    Kruszynska, Y.T.4    Norman, R.A.5    Sinha, M.6
  • 121
    • 0018196082 scopus 로고
    • Failure of suppress plasma glucagon concentrations by orally administered glucose in diabetic patients after treatment
    • Seino Y, Ikeda M, Kurahachi H, Taminato T, Sakurai H, Goto Y, et al. Failure of suppress plasma glucagon concentrations by orally administered glucose in diabetic patients after treatment. Diabetes, 1978; 27: 1145-1150.
    • (1978) Diabetes , vol.27 , pp. 1145-1150
    • Seino, Y.1    Ikeda, M.2    Kurahachi, H.3    Taminato, T.4    Sakurai, H.5    Goto, Y.6
  • 122
    • 0016846068 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of human diabetic ketoacidosis by somatostatin: evidence for an essential role of glucagon
    • Gerich JE, Lorenzi M, Bier DM, Schneider V, Tsalikian E, Karam JH, et al. Prevention of human diabetic ketoacidosis by somatostatin: evidence for an essential role of glucagon. N Engl J Med, 1975; 292: 985-989.
    • (1975) N Engl J Med , vol.292 , pp. 985-989
    • Gerich, J.E.1    Lorenzi, M.2    Bier, D.M.3    Schneider, V.4    Tsalikian, E.5    Karam, J.H.6
  • 123
    • 0014951784 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal alpha-cell function in diabetes: response to carbohydrate and protein ingestion
    • Muller WA, Faloona GR, Aguilar-Parada E, Unger RH. Abnormal alpha-cell function in diabetes: response to carbohydrate and protein ingestion. N Engl J Med, 1970; 283: 109-115.
    • (1970) N Engl J Med , vol.283 , pp. 109-115
    • Muller, W.A.1    Faloona, G.R.2    Aguilar-Parada, E.3    Unger, R.H.4
  • 124
    • 0018130888 scopus 로고
    • Effect of insulin therapy on the profiles of plasma immunoreactive glucagon in juvenile-type and adult-type diabetics
    • Raskin P, Unger RH. Effect of insulin therapy on the profiles of plasma immunoreactive glucagon in juvenile-type and adult-type diabetics. Diabetes, 1978; 27: 411-419.
    • (1978) Diabetes , vol.27 , pp. 411-419
    • Raskin, P.1    Unger, R.H.2
  • 125
    • 0026526905 scopus 로고
    • Perfusion with anti-insulin gamma globulin indicates a B to A to D cellular perfusion sequence in the pancreas of the rhesus monkey, Macaca mulatta
    • Stagner JI, Samols E, Koerker DJ, Goodner CJ. Perfusion with anti-insulin gamma globulin indicates a B to A to D cellular perfusion sequence in the pancreas of the rhesus monkey, Macaca mulatta. Pancreas, 1992; 7: 26-29.
    • (1992) Pancreas , vol.7 , pp. 26-29
    • Stagner, J.I.1    Samols, E.2    Koerker, D.J.3    Goodner, C.J.4
  • 126
    • 0028608981 scopus 로고
    • Reversal of hypoglycemia unawareness, but not defective glucose counterregulation, in IDDM
    • Dagogo-Jack S, Rattarasarn C, Cryer PE. Reversal of hypoglycemia unawareness, but not defective glucose counterregulation, in IDDM. Diabetes, 1994; 43: 1426-1434.
    • (1994) Diabetes , vol.43 , pp. 1426-1434
    • Dagogo-Jack, S.1    Rattarasarn, C.2    Cryer, P.E.3
  • 127
    • 0018744356 scopus 로고
    • Effect of intermittent endogenous hyperglucagonemia on glucose homeostasis in normal and diabetic man
    • Rizza R, Verdonk C, Miles J, Service FJ, Gerich J. Effect of intermittent endogenous hyperglucagonemia on glucose homeostasis in normal and diabetic man. J Clin Invest, 1979; 63: 1119-1123.
    • (1979) J Clin Invest , vol.63 , pp. 1119-1123
    • Rizza, R.1    Verdonk, C.2    Miles, J.3    Service, F.J.4    Gerich, J.5
  • 128
    • 0019493609 scopus 로고
    • Differential time course of glucagon's effect on glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the conscious dog
    • Cherrington AD, Williams PE, Shulman GI, Lacy WW. Differential time course of glucagon's effect on glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the conscious dog. Diabetes, 1981; 30: 180-187.
    • (1981) Diabetes , vol.30 , pp. 180-187
    • Cherrington, A.D.1    Williams, P.E.2    Shulman, G.I.3    Lacy, W.W.4
  • 129
    • 0021327126 scopus 로고
    • Effects of long-term optimization and short-term deterioration of glycemic control on glucose counterregulation in type 1 diabetes mellitus
    • Bolli G, De Feo P, De Cosmo S, Perriello G, Angeletti G, Ventura MR, et al. Effects of long-term optimization and short-term deterioration of glycemic control on glucose counterregulation in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes, 1984; 33: 394-400.
    • (1984) Diabetes , vol.33 , pp. 394-400
    • Bolli, G.1    De Feo, P.2    De Cosmo, S.3    Perriello, G.4    Angeletti, G.5    Ventura, M.R.6
  • 131
    • 0018835905 scopus 로고
    • Adrenergic mechanisms for the effects of epinephrine on glucose production and clearance in man
    • Rizza RA, Cryer PE, Haymond MW, Gerich JE. Adrenergic mechanisms for the effects of epinephrine on glucose production and clearance in man. J Clin Invest, 1980; 65: 682-689.
    • (1980) J Clin Invest , vol.65 , pp. 682-689
    • Rizza, R.A.1    Cryer, P.E.2    Haymond, M.W.3    Gerich, J.E.4
  • 132
    • 0017289428 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the mechanism of epinephrine-induced hyperglycemia in man: evidence for participation of pancreatic glucagon secretion
    • Gerich JE, Lorenzi M, Tsalikian E, Karam JH. Studies on the mechanism of epinephrine-induced hyperglycemia in man: evidence for participation of pancreatic glucagon secretion. Diabetes, 1976; 25: 65-71.
    • (1976) Diabetes , vol.25 , pp. 65-71
    • Gerich, J.E.1    Lorenzi, M.2    Tsalikian, E.3    Karam, J.H.4
  • 133
    • 0026596037 scopus 로고
    • The effects of different plasma insulin concentrations on lipolytic and ketogenic responses to epinephrine in normal and type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic humans
    • Avogaro A, Valerio A, Gnudi L, Maran A, Miola M, Duner E, et al. The effects of different plasma insulin concentrations on lipolytic and ketogenic responses to epinephrine in normal and type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic humans. Diabetologia, 1992; 35: 129-138.
    • (1992) Diabetologia , vol.35 , pp. 129-138
    • Avogaro, A.1    Valerio, A.2    Gnudi, L.3    Maran, A.4    Miola, M.5    Duner, E.6
  • 134
    • 0028910014 scopus 로고
    • Effects of the normal nocturnal rise in cortisol on carbohydrate and fat metabolism in IDDM
    • Dinneen S, Alzaid A, Miles J, Rizza R. Effects of the normal nocturnal rise in cortisol on carbohydrate and fat metabolism in IDDM. Am J Physiol, 1995; 268: E595-603.
    • (1995) Am J Physiol , vol.268
    • Dinneen, S.1    Alzaid, A.2    Miles, J.3    Rizza, R.4
  • 135
    • 0018176147 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of basal ketone body concentration by cortisol in diabetic man
    • Schade DS, Eaton RP, Standefer J. Modulation of basal ketone body concentration by cortisol in diabetic man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1978; 47: 519-528.
    • (1978) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.47 , pp. 519-528
    • Schade, D.S.1    Eaton, R.P.2    Standefer, J.3
  • 136
    • 0019252349 scopus 로고
    • Integrated concentration of growth hormone in juvenile-onset diabetes
    • Hayford JT, Danney MM, Hendrix JA, Thompson RG. Integrated concentration of growth hormone in juvenile-onset diabetes. Diabetes, 1980; 29: 391-398.
    • (1980) Diabetes , vol.29 , pp. 391-398
    • Hayford, J.T.1    Danney, M.M.2    Hendrix, J.A.3    Thompson, R.G.4
  • 137
    • 84920249267 scopus 로고
    • Effect of insulin on growth-hormone secretion in juvenile diabetics
    • Hansen AP. Effect of insulin on growth-hormone secretion in juvenile diabetics. Lancet, 1972; 2: 432-433.
    • (1972) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 432-433
    • Hansen, A.P.1
  • 138
    • 0021326150 scopus 로고
    • Importance of raised growth hormone levels in mediating the metabolic derangements of diabetes
    • Press M, Tamborlane WV, Sherwin RS. Importance of raised growth hormone levels in mediating the metabolic derangements of diabetes. N Engl J Med, 1984; 310: 810-815.
    • (1984) N Engl J Med , vol.310 , pp. 810-815
    • Press, M.1    Tamborlane, W.V.2    Sherwin, R.S.3
  • 139
    • 0019252067 scopus 로고
    • Effects of acute insulin deficiency on glucose and ketone body turnover in man: evidence for the primacy of overproduction of glucose and ketone bodies in the genesis of diabetic ketoacidosis
    • Miles JM, Rizza RA, Haymond MW, Gerich JE. Effects of acute insulin deficiency on glucose and ketone body turnover in man: evidence for the primacy of overproduction of glucose and ketone bodies in the genesis of diabetic ketoacidosis. Diabetes, 1980; 29: 926-930.
    • (1980) Diabetes , vol.29 , pp. 926-930
    • Miles, J.M.1    Rizza, R.A.2    Haymond, M.W.3    Gerich, J.E.4
  • 140
    • 0022723194 scopus 로고
    • The relevance of glucose counterregulatory systems to patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
    • Cryer PE, White NH, Santiago JV. The relevance of glucose counterregulatory systems to patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Endocr Rev, 1986; 7: 131-139.
    • (1986) Endocr Rev , vol.7 , pp. 131-139
    • Cryer, P.E.1    White, N.H.2    Santiago, J.V.3
  • 141
    • 0029083354 scopus 로고
    • Insulin therapy for diabetic ketoacidosis: bolus insulin injection versus continuous insulin infusion
    • Butkiewicz EK, Leibson CL, O'Brien PC, Palumbo PJ, Rizza RA. Insulin therapy for diabetic ketoacidosis: bolus insulin injection versus continuous insulin infusion. Diabetes Care, 1995; 18: 1187-1190.
    • (1995) Diabetes Care , vol.18 , pp. 1187-1190
    • Butkiewicz, E.K.1    Leibson, C.L.2    O'Brien, P.C.3    Palumbo, P.J.4    Rizza, R.A.5


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.