메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 25, Issue 21, 2012, Pages 7527-7543

Investigation of the surface and circulation impacts of cloud-brightening geoengineering

Author keywords

Climate change; Cloud forcing; Clouds; ENSO; Hurricanes typhoons

Indexed keywords

ARCTIC WARMING; CLIMATE SYSTEM; CLOUD ALBEDO; CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; CLOUD FORCING; CLOUD MODIFICATION; ENSO; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; GEOENGINEERING; GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGES; GLOBAL COUPLED MODEL; PACIFIC OCEAN; PRECIPITATION CHANGE; SOUTH CHINA SEA; SURFACE TEMPERATURES; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; WALKER CIRCULATION; WESTERN PACIFIC;

EID: 84870013856     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00282.1     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (13)

References (67)
  • 1
    • 0033792513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of aerosols on cloud albedo: Evaluation of Twomey's parameterization of cloud susceptibility using measurements of ship tracks
    • Ackerman, A., O. Toom, J. Taylor, D. Johnson, P. Hobbs, and R. J. Ferek, 2000: Effects of aerosols on cloud albedo: Evaluation of Twomey's parameterization of cloud susceptibility using measurements of ship tracks. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 2684-2695.
    • (2000) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.57 , pp. 2684-2695
    • Ackerman, A.1    Toom, O.2    Taylor, J.3    Johnson, D.4    Hobbs, P.5    Ferek, R.J.6
  • 2
    • 11144232674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of humidity above stratiform clouds on indirect aerosol climate forcing
    • Ackerman, A., M. Kirkpatrick, D. Stevens, and O. Toown, 2004: The impact of humidity above stratiform clouds on indirect aerosol climate forcing. Nature, 432, 1014-1017.
    • (2004) Nature , vol.432 , pp. 1014-1017
    • Ackerman, A.1    Kirkpatrick, M.2    Stevens, D.3    Toown, O.4
  • 3
    • 43949131783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A finite volume discretization of the pressure gradient force using analytic integration
    • Adcroft, A., R. Hallberg, and M. Harrison, 2008: A finite volume discretization of the pressure gradient force using analytic integration. Ocean Modell., 22 (3-4), 106-113.
    • (2008) Ocean Modell. , vol.22 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 106-113
    • Adcroft, A.1    Hallberg, R.2    Harrison, M.3
  • 4
    • 0842334547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The version-2 global precipitation climatology project GPCP monthly precipitation analysis (1979-present)
    • Adler, R., and Coauthors, 2003: The version-2 global precipitation climatology project GPCP monthly precipitation analysis (1979-present). J. Hydrometeor., 4, 1148-1167.
    • (2003) J. Hydrometeor. , vol.4 , pp. 1148-1167
    • Adler, R.1
  • 5
    • 0024812929 scopus 로고
    • Aerosols, cloud microphysics, and fractional cloudiness
    • Albrecht, B. A., 1989: Aerosols, cloud microphysics, and fractional cloudiness. Science, 245, 1227-1230.
    • (1989) Science , vol.245 , pp. 1227-1230
    • Albrecht, B.A.1
  • 7
    • 19944434306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The new GFDL global atmosphere and land model AM2-LM2: Evaluation with prescribed SST simulations
    • Anderson, J., and Coauthors, 2004: The new GFDL global atmosphere and land model AM2-LM2: Evaluation with prescribed SST simulations. J. Climate, 17, 4641-4673.
    • (2004) J. Climate , vol.17 , pp. 4641-4673
    • Anderson, J.1
  • 8
    • 34547997256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of ocean color on the maintenance of the Pacific Cold Tongue
    • doi:10.1029/2007GL030100
    • Anderson, W., A. Gnanadesikan, R. Hallberg, J. Dunne, and B. Samuels, 2007: Impact of ocean color on the maintenance of the Pacific Cold Tongue. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L11609,doi:10.1029/2007GL030100.
    • (2007) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.34
    • Anderson, W.1    Gnanadesikan, A.2    Hallberg, R.3    Dunne, J.4    Samuels, B.5
  • 9
    • 71849118825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional impacts of ocean color on tropical pacific variability
    • Anderson, W., A. Gnanadesikan, and A. Wittenberg, 2009: Regional impacts of ocean color on tropical pacific variability. Ocean Sci., 5, 313-327.
    • (2009) Ocean Sci. , vol.5 , pp. 313-327
    • Anderson, W.1    Gnanadesikan, A.2    Wittenberg, A.3
  • 11
    • 33749147663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computational assessment of a proposed technique for global warming mitigation via albedo-enhancement of marine stratocumulus clouds
    • Bower, K., T. Choularton, J. Latham, J. Sahraei, and S. Salter, 2006: Computational assessment of a proposed technique for global warming mitigation via albedo-enhancement of marine stratocumulus clouds. Atmos. Res., 82, 328-336.
    • (2006) Atmos. Res. , vol.82 , pp. 328-336
    • Bower, K.1    Choularton, T.2    Latham, J.3    Sahraei, J.4    Salter, S.5
  • 12
    • 65349090684 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ranking geo-engineering schemes
    • Boyd, P. W., 2008: Ranking geo-engineering schemes. Nat. Geosci., 1, 722-724.
    • (2008) Nat. Geosci. , vol.1 , pp. 722-724
    • Boyd, P.W.1
  • 13
    • 34250717245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of a genesis potential index to diagnose ENSO effects on tropical cyclone genesis
    • Camargo, S., K. Emanuel, and A. Sobel, 2007a: Use of a genesis potential index to diagnose ENSO effects on tropical cyclone genesis. J. Climate, 20, 4819-4833.
    • (2007) J. Climate , vol.20 , pp. 4819-4833
    • Camargo, S.1    Emanuel, K.2    Sobel, A.3
  • 14
    • 34547448777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical cyclone genesis potential index in climate models
    • Camargo, S., A. Sobel, A. Barnston, and K. Emanuel, 2007b: Tropical cyclone genesis potential index in climate models. Tellus, 59A, 428-443.
    • (2007) Tellus , vol.59 A , pp. 428-443
    • Camargo, S.1    Sobel, A.2    Barnston, A.3    Emanuel, K.4
  • 16
    • 33748899640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Albedo enhancement by stratospheric sulfur injections: A contribution to resolve a policy dilemma?
    • Crutzen, P., 2006: Albedo enhancement by stratospheric sulfur injections: A contribution to resolve a policy dilemma? Climatic Change, 77 (3-4), 211-220.
    • (2006) Climatic Change , vol.77 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 211-220
    • Crutzen, P.1
  • 17
    • 33646451521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precipitation characteristics in eighteen coupled climate models
    • Dai, A., 2006: Precipitation characteristics in eighteen coupled climate models. J. Climate, 19, 4605-4630.
    • (2006) J. Climate , vol.19 , pp. 4605-4630
    • Dai, A.1
  • 18
    • 33645219567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GFDL'S CM2 global coupled climate models. Part I: Formulation and simulation characteristics
    • Delworth, T., and Coauthors, 2006: GFDL'S CM2 global coupled climate models. Part I: Formulation and simulation characteristics. J. Climate, 19, 643-673.
    • (2006) J. Climate , vol.19 , pp. 643-673
    • Delworth, T.1
  • 19
    • 84867671008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GFDL's ESM2 global coupled climate-carbon Earth System Models. Part I: Physical formulation and baseline simulation characteristics
    • Dunne, J., and Coauthors, 2012: GFDL's ESM2 global coupled climate-carbon Earth System Models. Part I: Physical formulation and baseline simulation characteristics. J. Climate, 25, 6646-6665.
    • (2012) J. Climate , vol.25 , pp. 6646-6665
    • Dunne, J.1
  • 20
    • 3042740008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical cyclone activity and global climate. Preprints, 26th Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, Miami, FL, Amer
    • Available online at
    • Emanuel, K. A., and D. S. Nolan, 2004: Tropical cyclone activity and global climate. Preprints, 26th Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, Miami, FL, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 240-241. [Available online at https://ams.confex.com/ams/26HURR/webprogram/Paper75463.html.]
    • (2004) Meteor. Soc. , pp. 240-241
    • Emanuel, K.A.1    Nolan, D.S.2
  • 21
    • 0035443173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of vertical wind shear on the intensity and structure of numerically simulated hurricanes
    • Frank, W., and E. A. Ritchie, 2001: Effects of vertical wind shear on the intensity and structure of numerically simulated hurricanes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 129, 2249-2269.
    • (2001) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.129 , pp. 2249-2269
    • Frank, W.1    Ritchie, E.A.2
  • 22
    • 34548595672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud seeding as a technique for studying aerosol-cloud interactions in marine stratocumulus
    • doi:10.1029/2007GL029748
    • Ghate, V., B. Albrecht, P. Kollias, H. Jonsson, and D. Breed, 2007: Cloud seeding as a technique for studying aerosol-cloud interactions in marine stratocumulus. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L14807, doi:10.1029/2007GL029748.
    • (2007) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.34
    • Ghate, V.1    Albrecht, B.2    Kollias, P.3    Jonsson, H.4    Breed, D.5
  • 23
    • 65649096590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ocean water clarity and the ocean general circulation in a coupled climate model
    • Gnanadesikan, A., and W. Anderson, 2009: Ocean water clarity and the ocean general circulation in a coupled climate model. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 39, 314-333.
    • (2009) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.39 , pp. 314-333
    • Gnanadesikan, A.1    Anderson, W.2
  • 25
    • 0035919625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The recent increase in Atlantic hurricane activity: Causes and implications
    • Goldenberg, S., C. Landsea, A. Mestas-Nunez, and W. Gray, 2001: The recent increase in Atlantic hurricane activity: Causes and implications. Science, 293, 474-479.
    • (2001) Science , vol.293 , pp. 474-479
    • Goldenberg, S.1    Landsea, C.2    Mestas-Nunez, A.3    Gray, W.4
  • 26
    • 64849116932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reconciling estimates of the free surface height in lagrangian vertical coordinate ocean models with mode-split time stepping
    • Hallberg, R., andA.Adcroft, 2009: Reconciling estimates of the free surface height in lagrangian vertical coordinate ocean models with mode-split time stepping. Ocean Modell., 29, 15-26.
    • (2009) Ocean Modell. , vol.29 , pp. 15-26
    • Hallberg, R.1    Adcroft, A.2
  • 27
    • 58049120297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pacific subtropical cell response to reduced equatorial dissipation
    • Harrison, M. J., and R. W. Hallberg, 2008: Pacific subtropical cell response to reduced equatorial dissipation. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 38, 1894-1912.
    • (2008) J. Phys. Oceanogr. , vol.38 , pp. 1894-1912
    • Harrison, M.J.1    Hallberg, R.W.2
  • 30
    • 67650456686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate impacts of geoengineering marine stratocumulus clouds
    • doi:10.1029/2008JD011450
    • Jones, A., J. Haywood, and O. Boucher, 2009: Climate impacts of geoengineering marine stratocumulus clouds. J. Geophys. Res., 114, D10106, doi:10.1029/2008JD011450.
    • (2009) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.114
    • Jones, A.1    Haywood, J.2    Boucher, O.3
  • 31
    • 42349093515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud radiative forcing of subtropical low level clouds in global models
    • Karlsson, J., G. Svensson, and H. Rodhe, 1997: Cloud radiative forcing of subtropical low level clouds in global models. J. Climate Dyn., 30 (7-8), 779-788.
    • (1997) J. Climate Dyn. , vol.30 , Issue.7-8 , pp. 779-788
    • Karlsson, J.1    Svensson, G.2    Rodhe, H.3
  • 32
    • 44949174546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulated reduction in Atlantic hurricane frequency under twentyfirst-century warming conditions
    • Knutson, T., J. Sirutis, S. Garner, G. Vecchi, and I. Held, 2008: Simulated reduction in Atlantic hurricane frequency under twentyfirst-century warming conditions. Nat. Geosci., 1, 359-364.
    • (2008) Nat. Geosci. , vol.1 , pp. 359-364
    • Knutson, T.1    Sirutis, J.2    Garner, S.3    Vecchi, G.4    Held, I.5
  • 33
    • 77951948948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of marine cloud albedo via controlled sea spray injections: A global model study of the influence of emission rates, microphysics and transport
    • Korhonen, H., K. Carslaw, and S. Romakkaniemi, 2010: Enhancement of marine cloud albedo via controlled sea spray injections: A global model study of the influence of emission rates, microphysics and transport. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 10, 735-761.
    • (2010) Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. , vol.10 , pp. 735-761
    • Korhonen, H.1    Carslaw, K.2    Romakkaniemi, S.3
  • 36
    • 4143053819 scopus 로고
    • Control of global warming?
    • Latham, J., 1990: Control of global warming? Nature, 347, 339-340.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.347 , pp. 339-340
    • Latham, J.1
  • 37
    • 4143124516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amelioration of global warming by controlled enhancement of the albedo and longevity of low-level maritime clouds
    • Latham, J., 2002: Amelioration of global warming by controlled enhancement of the albedo and longevity of low-level maritime clouds. Atmos. Sci. Lett., 3, 52-58.
    • (2002) Atmos. Sci. Lett. , vol.3 , pp. 52-58
    • Latham, J.1
  • 38
    • 52949100652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global temperature stabilization via controlled albedo enhancement of low-level maritime clouds
    • Latham, J., and Coauthors, 2008: Global temperature stabilization via controlled albedo enhancement of low-level maritime clouds. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc., A137, 3969-3967.
    • (2008) Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. , vol.A137 , pp. 3969-3967
    • Latham, J.1
  • 39
    • 84864661881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marine cloud brightening.
    • Latham, J., and Coauthors, 2012: Marine cloud brightening. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc., A370, 4217-4262.
    • (2012) Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. , vol.A370 , pp. 4217-4262
    • Latham, J.1
  • 40
    • 0019727607 scopus 로고
    • Observational analysis of tropical cyclone formation. Part 2: Comparison of nondeveloping versus developing systems
    • McBride, J., and R. Zehr, 1981: Observational analysis of tropical cyclone formation. Part 2: Comparison of nondeveloping versus developing systems. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 1132-1151.
    • (1981) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.38 , pp. 1132-1151
    • Mcbride, J.1    Zehr, R.2
  • 42
    • 0027065988 scopus 로고
    • Relaxed Arakawa-Schubert:A parameterization of moist convection for general circulation models
    • Moorthi, S., and M. J. Suarez, 1992: Relaxed Arakawa-Schubert:A parameterization of moist convection for general circulation models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 978-1002.
    • (1992) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.120 , pp. 978-1002
    • Moorthi, S.1    Suarez, M.J.2
  • 43
    • 84870973534 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of vertical wind shear as diagnosed by the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data on northeast Pacific hurricane intensity. Preprints, 25th Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, San Diego, CA
    • Ed. Available online at
    • Palmer, C., Ed., 2002: The effects of vertical wind shear as diagnosed by the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data on northeast Pacific hurricane intensity. Preprints, 25th Conf. on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology, San Diego, CA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 2B.2. [Available online at https://ams.confex.com/ams/25HURR/webprogram/Paper37947.html.]
    • (2002) Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.2 B , pp. 2
    • Palmer, C.1
  • 44
    • 84855468764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A search for large-scale effects of ship emissions on clouds and radiation in satellite data
    • doi:10.1029/2011JD016531
    • Peters, K., J. Quass, and H. Grasl, 2011: A search for large-scale effects of ship emissions on clouds and radiation in satellite data. J. Geophys. Res., 116, D24205, doi:10.1029/2011JD016531.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.116
    • Peters, K.1    Quass, J.2    Grasl, H.3
  • 45
    • 0028571917 scopus 로고
    • Determining the susceptibility of cloud albedo to changes in droplet concentrations with the advanced very high resolution radiometer
    • Platnick, S., and S. Twomey, 1994: Determining the susceptibility of cloud albedo to changes in droplet concentrations with the advanced very high resolution radiometer. J. Appl. Meteor., 33, 334-347.
    • (1994) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.33 , pp. 334-347
    • Platnick, S.1    Twomey, S.2
  • 47
    • 76149088442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geoengineering by cloud seeding: Influence on sea ice and climate system
    • doi:10.1088/1748-9326/4/4/045112
    • Rasch, P. J., J. Latham, and C. Chen, 2009: Geoengineering by cloud seeding: Influence on sea ice and climate system. Environ. Res. Lett., 4, 045112, doi:10.1088/1748-9326/4/4/045112.
    • (2009) Environ. Res. Lett. , vol.4 , pp. 045112
    • Rasch, P.J.1    Latham, J.2    Chen, C.3
  • 48
    • 46449109053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whither geoengineering?
    • Robock, A., 2008: Whither geoengineering? Science, 320, 1166-1167.
    • (2008) Science , vol.320 , pp. 1166-1167
    • Robock, A.1
  • 49
    • 0033208511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transient climate change simulations with a coupled atmosphere-ocean GCM including tropospheric sulfur cycle
    • Roeckner, E., L. Bengtsson, J. Feichter, J. Lelieveld, and H. Rodhe, 1999: Transient climate change simulations with a coupled atmosphere-ocean GCM including tropospheric sulfur cycle. J. Climate, 12, 3004-3032.
    • (1999) J. Climate , vol.12 , pp. 3004-3032
    • Roeckner, E.1    Bengtsson, L.2    Feichter, J.3    Lelieveld, J.4    Rodhe, H.5
  • 51
    • 0042323504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances in understanding clouds from ISCCP
    • Rossow, W. B., and R. A. Schiffer, 1999: Advances in understanding clouds from ISCCP. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 80, 2261-2287.
    • (1999) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.80 , pp. 2261-2287
    • Rossow, W.B.1    Schiffer, R.A.2
  • 52
    • 0031416166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A physically based scheme for the treatment of stratiform clouds and precipitation in large-scale models. I: Description and evaluation of microphysical processes. Quart
    • Rotstayn, L., 1997: A physically based scheme for the treatment of stratiform clouds and precipitation in large-scale models. I: Description and evaluation of microphysical processes. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 1227-1282.
    • (1997) J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.123 , pp. 1227-1282
    • Rotstayn, L.1
  • 53
    • 0034116621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A scheme for calculation of the liquid fraction in mixed-phase clouds in large-scale models
    • Rotstayn, L., B. F. Ryan, and J. Katzfey, 2000: A scheme for calculation of the liquid fraction in mixed-phase clouds in large-scale models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 1070-1088.
    • (2000) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.128 , pp. 1070-1088
    • Rotstayn, L.1    Ryan, B.F.2    Katzfey, J.3
  • 54
    • 0029506190 scopus 로고
    • An observational study of diurnal variations of marine stratiform cloud
    • Rozendaal, M., C. Leovy, and S. Klein, 1995: An observational study of diurnal variations of marine stratiform cloud. J. Climate, 8, 1795-1808.
    • (1995) J. Climate , vol.8 , pp. 1795-1808
    • Rozendaal, M.1    Leovy, C.2    Klein, S.3
  • 55
    • 52949090458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sea-going hardware for the cloud albedo method of reversing global warming
    • Salter, S., G. Sortino, and J. Latham, 2008: Sea-going hardware for the cloud albedo method of reversing global warming. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc., A366, 3989-4006.
    • (2008) Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. , vol.A366 , pp. 3989-4006
    • Salter, S.1    Sortino, G.2    Latham, J.3
  • 56
    • 0003242487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change
    • Seinfeld, J. H., and S. Pandis, 1997: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change. Wiley-Interscience, 1203 pp.
    • (1997) Wiley-Interscience , pp. 1203
    • Seinfeld, J.H.1    Pandis, S.2
  • 57
    • 70349554415 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carbon cycling under 300 years of land use change: Importance of the secondary vegetation sink
    • doi:10.1029/2007GB003176
    • Shevliakova, E., and Coauthors, 2009: Carbon cycling under 300 years of land use change: Importance of the secondary vegetation sink. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 23, GB2022, doi:10.1029/2007GB003176.
    • (2009) Global Biogeochem. Cycles , vol.23
    • Shevliakova, E.1
  • 58
    • 71949119419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can aerosol decrease cloud lifetime?
    • doi:10.1029/2009GL038888
    • Small, J., P. Chuang, G. Feingold, and H. Jiang, 2009: Can aerosol decrease cloud lifetime? Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L16806,doi:10.1029/2009GL038888.
    • (2009) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.36
    • Small, J.1    Chuang, P.2    Feingold, G.3    Jiang, H.4
  • 59
    • 70349687408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Untangling aerosol effects on clouds and precipitation in a buffered system
    • Stevens, B., and G. Feingold, 2009: Untangling aerosol effects on clouds and precipitation in a buffered system. Nature, 461, 607-613.
    • (2009) Nature , vol.461 , pp. 607-613
    • Stevens, B.1    Feingold, G.2
  • 60
    • 0016265165 scopus 로고
    • Pollution and the planetary albedo
    • Twomey, S., 1974: Pollution and the planetary albedo. Atmos. Environ., 8, 1251-1256.
    • (1974) Atmos. Environ. , vol.8 , pp. 1251-1256
    • Twomey, S.1
  • 61
    • 0000309226 scopus 로고
    • The influence of pollution on the shortwave albedo of clouds
    • Twomey, S., 1977: The influence of pollution on the shortwave albedo of clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 1149-1152.
    • (1977) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.34 , pp. 1149-1152
    • Twomey, S.1
  • 62
    • 0026278419 scopus 로고
    • Aerosols, clouds, and radiation
    • Twomey, S., 1991: Aerosols, clouds, and radiation. Atmos. Environ., 25A, 2435-2442.
    • (1991) Atmos. Environ. , vol.25 A , pp. 2435-2442
    • Twomey, S.1
  • 63
    • 34250746868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased tropical Atlantic wind shear in projections of global warming
    • doi:10.1029/2006GL028905
    • Vecchi, G., and B. Soden, 2007: Increased tropical Atlantic wind shear in projections of global warming. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L08702, doi:10.1029/2006GL028905.
    • (2007) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.34
    • Vecchi, G.1    Soden, B.2
  • 64
    • 55349124951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Whither hurricane activity?
    • Vecchi, G., K. Swanson, and B. Soden, 2008: Whither hurricane activity? Science, 322, 687-689.
    • (2008) Science , vol.322 , pp. 687-689
    • Vecchi, G.1    Swanson, K.2    Soden, B.3
  • 65
    • 34547754428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cancellation of aerosol indirect effects in marine stratocumulus through cloud thinning
    • Wood, R., 2007: Cancellation of aerosol indirect effects in marine stratocumulus through cloud thinning. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 2657-2669.
    • (2007) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.64 , pp. 2657-2669
    • Wood, R.1
  • 66
    • 84867674414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stratocumulus clouds
    • Wood, R., 2012: Stratocumulus clouds. Mon. Wea. Rev., 140, 2373-2423.
    • (2012) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.140 , pp. 2373-2423
    • Wood, R.1
  • 67
    • 0031403103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global precipitation: A 17-year monthly analysis based on gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model outputs
    • Xie, P., and P. Arkin, 1997: Global precipitation: A 17-year monthly analysis based on gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model outputs. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78, 2539-2558.
    • (1997) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.78 , pp. 2539-2558
    • Xie, P.1    Arkin, P.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.