Picking and choosing the 'Sovereign' border: A theory of changing state bordering practices

Geopolitics

Volumn 17, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 773-796

  Parker, Noel ^a   Adler Nissen, Rebecca ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BORDER REGION; POLITICAL THEORY; SOVEREIGNTY; THEORETICAL STUDY;

EID: 84869234226     PISSN: 14650045     EISSN: 15573028     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/14650045.2012.660582     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. Michael Mann, 'Nation-States in Europe and Other Continents: Diversifying, Developing, Not Dying', in Gopal Balakrishnan (ed.), Mapping the Nation (London: Verso 1996) pp. 281-316.
2. R. B. J. Walker, After the Globe/Before the World (London: Routledge 2010) ch. 6.
3. We take topology to cover the science of examining the possibilities latent in shape or the concepts of that science. Topography/topographical, by contrast, refers to the actual indicators which drawn on territory, maps, etc., to determine different segments of space.
4. Michael J. Shapiro 'Moral Geographies and the Ethics of Post-Sovereignty', Public Culture 6 (1994) pp. 479-502.
5. Walker, R. B. J. Inside/Outside: International Relations as Political Theory (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1993).
6. Introduction to Thomas H. Wilson and Donnan Hastings, Border Identities: Nation and State at International Frontiers (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1998).
7. see article by Antia Mato Bouzas in this issue.
8. Vladimir Kolossov, 'Border Studies: Changing Perspectives and Theoretical Approaches', Geopolitics 10/4 (2005) pp. 606-632.
9. John Ruggie, 'Territoriality and Beyond. Problematizing Modernity in International Relations,' International Organization 1/1 (1993) pp. 139-174.
10. Yale H. Ferguson and Richard Mansbach, 'Post-Internationalism and IR Theory', Millennium: Journal of International Studies 35/3 (Sep. 2007) pp. 548-549.
11. Noel Parker, 'From Borders to Margins: A Deleuzian Ontology for Identities in the Postinternational Environment', Alternatives 34/1 (2009) pp. 17-39.
12. For a review of the evolution of border studies, including the variety of meanings applied to the notion of 'border'.
13. see Kolossov (note 6).
14. Grahame F. Thompson, 'The Fate of Territorial Engineering: Mechanisms of Territorial Power and Post-Liberal Forms of International Governance', International Politics 44/5 (2007) p. 15.
15. By actions of states, we include here actions by officers of the state, presumed representatives of the state, or the state as such.
16. To drive this point home, see George Gavrilis, The Dynamics of Interstate Boundaries (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2008).
17. Nick Vaughan-Williams, Border Politics: The Limits of Sovereign Power (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press 2009) ch. 1.
18. Friedrich Kratochwil, 'Of Systems, Boundaries, and Territoriality: An Inquiry into the Formation of the State System', World Politics 39/1 (1986) pp. 27-52.
19. An instance of this 'controlled mutability' appears in an interesting recent study of the Andes. Even if borders are opened, that does not necessarily imply that persons or goods will flow more easily; new forms of control may be more efficient in hampering trans-border flows than those that served closed borders (Anne-Laure Amilhat Szary, 'Are Borders More Easily Crossed Today? The Paradox of Contemporary Trans-Border Mobility in the Andes', Geopolitics 12/1 (2007) pp. 1-18).
20. See also David Campbell, Writing Security: United States Foreign Policy and the Politics of Identity (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press 1998).
21. The entirety of the Hegelian philosophy is characterised by the enterprise of understanding the integrity of the parts and the whole together, which for Hegel is the essence of any ethical justification.
22. Stein Rokkan, State Formation, Nation-Building, and Mass Politics in Europe: The Theory of Stein Rokkan Based on His Collected Works, ed. by Peter Flora, Stein Kuhnle, and Derek Urwin (Oxford: Oxford University Press 1999) chs.1&2.
23. These gains and losses are of course often differentially distributed between insiders.
24. This formulation is written solely in terms of perceptions regarding outsiders that are articulated and communicated between insiders. In reality, such formulations may also be generated (both positively and negatively) amongst outsiders or between outsiders and insiders. All these can be arenas for discussion can lend themselves to evaluations of the relative fortune or worth of insiders as against outsiders, together with any threats posed to the well-being of insiders.
25. These were tests organised by the OECD for 15-year-olds in industrialised countries, which caused great heart-searching in Danish political and governmental circles in 2004.
26. See also note 38.
27. Which parts of the collective particular will impact on, or be impacted upon, by the actions under consideration (e.g., deciding to lower duties on a specific product, or to agree on some measure of social protection) has likewise to be understood in the light of that kind of framework.
28. This is the object of analysis for what Kapuscinski calls the 'philosophies of dialogue'. Ryszard Kapuscinski, The Other (London: Verso 2008) p. 68f.
29. On illicit flows, see widely differing sources ranging from Jacques Derrida, On Cosmopolitanism and Forgiveness, trans. by Simon Critchley and Richard Kearney (London: Routledge 2001) pp. 3-24.
30. to Schendel, Willem van, and Itty Abraham, Illicit Flows and Criminal Things (Indiana University Press 2005).
31. Nick Vaughan-Williams, Border Politics: The Limits of Sovereign Power (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press 2009) especially ch. 5.
32. Limited Inc. (1988 - a collection of translations of prior works) and Positions (1972) are common points of reference in critiques of political thinking grounded in Derrida's early thought.
33. R. Brian Ferguson and Neil L. Whitehead (eds.), War in the Tribal Zone: Expanding States and Indigenous Warfare (Santa Fe, New Mexico: School of American Research Press 1992).
34. Christopher Kelly, Ruling the Later Roman Empire (Cambridge, MA: Belknap 2004) ch. 4.
35. Michel Foucault, 'Security, Territory, Population', trans. by Graham Burchell (London: Palgrave 2007) ch.13.
36. Paradoxically, even creating tax havens to provide a particular regime for liquid wealth, amounts to a commercialisation of sovereignty, using the territorial insulation of the given state for the purposes of trans-nationalising capital and increasing economic integration across borders.
37. Ronen Palan, The Offshore World: Sovereign Markets, Virtual Places, and Nomad Millionaires (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press 2003).
38. Michel Foucault, Security, Territory, Population, trans. by Graham Burchell (London: Palgrave 2007) p. 11.
39. Paul Hirst, Space and Power: Politics, War and Architecture (Cambridge: Polity 2005).
40. Clifford Geertz relates a story from a Dutch anthropologist on the attitude in the colonies before the Dutch arrived to impose their conception of a border: 'The Dutch, who wanted, for the usual administrative reasons, to get the boundary between two petty princedoms straight once and for all, called in the princes concerned and asked them where indeed the borders lay. Both agreed that the border of princedom A lay at the farthest point from which a man could still.
41. see the swamps, and the border of princedom B lay at the farthest point from which a man could still.
42. see the sea. Had they, then, never fought over the land between, from which one could see neither swamp nor sea? "Mijnheer," one of the old princes replied, "we had much better reasons to fight with one another than these shabby hills."' (Negara: The Theatre State in Nineteenth-Century Bali (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press 1980) pp. 24-25).
43. David Armstrong, Revolution and the World Order: The Revolutionary State in International Society (Oxford: Clarendon 1993) chs. 2-3.
44. Miroslav Hroch, The Social Interpretation of Linguistic Demands in European National Movements, EUI Working Paper No. EUF 94/1 (Florence: European University Institute 1994).
45. See also Gudmundur Alfredsson, 'Frame an Incomplete Painting: Comparison of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities with International Standards and Monitoring Procedures', International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 7 (2000) pp. 291-304.
46. Uffe Østergaard, Europas Ansigter, Nationale Stater og Politiske Kulturer i en Ny, Gammel Verden (Copenhagen: Rosinante 1992).
47. Rob Kroes, If You've Seen One, You've Seen the Mall Europeans and American Mass Culture (Urbana: University of Illinois Press 1996).
48. Juan M. Delgado Moreira, 'Cohesion and Citizenship in EU Cultural Policy', Journal of Common Market Policy 38/3 (2000) pp. 449-470.
49. See note 19 above.
50. Aletta Grisay, 'Translation Procedures in OECD/PISA 2000 International Assessment', Language Testing 20/2 (2003) pp. 225-240.
51. In the USA, evaluations of graduate programmes started already in 1920s and a ranking of US colleges was published already in 1983. The university rankings made their way to the UK in the 1990s.
52. Lee Harvey, 'Rankings of Higher Education Institutions: A Critical Review', Quality in Higher Education 14/3 (2008) pp. 187-207.
53. Simon Marginson, 'Open Source Knowledge and University Rankings', Thesis Eleven 96 (2009) pp. 9-39.
54. John W. Meyer, John Boli, George Thomas, and Fransisco Ramirez, 'World Society and the Nation State', American Journal of Sociology 103/1 (1997) pp. 144-181.
55. Tero Erkkilä and Ossi Piironen, 'Politics and Numbers: The Iron Cage of Governance Indices', in Raymond W. Cox III (ed.), Ethics and Integrity in Public Administration: Concepts and Cases (Armonk: M.E.Sharpe 2009) pp. 125-145.
56. A classic historical study of how this operated in nineteenth-century France is Eugen Weber, Peasants Into Frenchmen: The Modernization of Rural France, 1870-1914 (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press 1976).
57. Peter Sahlins, Boundaries: The Making of France and Spain in the Pyrenees (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press 1989).
58. is another. Apart from the more general Foucault account - referred to earlier - one should also list Malcolm Anderson, Frontiers: Territory and State Formation in the Modern World Cambridge: Polity 1996.
59. and Christer Jönsson, Sven Tägil, and Gunnar Törnqvist, Organizing European Space (London: Sage 2000).
60. Other bodies can also attempt to do so, either in competition or in cooperation with states; but our topic remains states.
61. Third Restatement of the Foreign Relation Law of the United States (Philadelphia: American Law Institute 1986) § 201.
62. See note 3 above.
63. Andreas Osiander, 'Before Sovereignty: Society and Politics in Ancien Régime Europe', Review of International Studies 27 (2001) pp. 119-145.
64. Daniel Philpott, 'The Religious Roots of Modern International Relations', World Politics 52/2 (Jan. 2000) pp. 206-245.
65. Jens Bartelson, A Genealogy of Sovereignty (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1995).
66. Two path-breaking anthropologists' studies of other societies' notions of sovereignty and the border, appeared in 'Political Definition: The Sources of Order', in Clifford Geertz (ed.), Negara: The Theatre State in Nineteenth-Century Bali (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press 1980) pp. 11-25.
67. and Frederik Barth (ed.), Ethnic Groups and Boundaries (London: Allen and Unwin 1969).
68. David L. Howell, 'Territoriality and Collective Identity in Tokugawa Japan', Daedalus 127/3 (1998) pp. 105-132.
69. Ibid., p. 105.
70. Anthony Giddens, The Nation-State and Violence (Berkeley: University of California Press 1987) p. 120.
71. Zygmunt Bauman, 'Europe of Strangers', Seminar Paper, Transnational Communities Programme, 1998.
72. For a historical overview on a larger canvas, see Martin van Creveld, The Rise and Decline of the State (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1999).
73. Rebecca Adler-Nissen, 'Behind the Scenes of Differentiated Integration: Circumventing National Opt-Outs in Justice and Home Affairs', Journal of European Public Policy 16/1 (2009) pp. 62-80.
74. Rebecca Adler-Nissen and Gammeltoft-Hansen Thomas (eds.), Sovereignty Games: Instrumentalizing State Sovereignty in Europe (New York: Palgrave 2008).
75. R. B. J. Walker, Inside/Outside: International Relations as Political Theory (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 1993).
76. Decision of 26 Nov. 2008, case No. Pl. ÚS 19/08 (published as No. 446/2008 Coll.). The English translation is available at .
77. Petr Bříza, 'The Czech Republic: The Constitutional Court on the Lisbon Treaty Decision of 26 November 2008', European Constitutional Law Review 5 (2009) pp. 143-164.
78. Rebecca Adler-Nissen, 'Organised Duplicity: When States Opt Out of the European Union', in Rebecca Adler-Nissen and Gammeltoft-Hansen Thomas (eds.), Sovereignty Games: Instrumentalizing State Sovereignty in Europe (New York: Palgrave 2008) pp. 81-103.
79. Antje Wiener, 'Forging Flexibility: The British 'No' to Schengen', European Journal of Migration and Law 1/4 (1999) pp. 441-463.
80. Along the same lines, the German Constitutional Court continues to argue that despite the surrender of sovereignty and the ECJ's claim that EU law trumps national law, the German Constitutional Court remains the final arbiter in case of conflicts between German constitutional law and EU law. Moreover, the German government remains 'Herren der Verträge' (master of the treaties).
81. Pierre Rosanvallon, La démocratie inachevée (Paris: Gallimard 2000) pp. 427-428.
82. Jeanne Morefield, 'States Are Not People: Harold Laski on Unsettling Sovereignty, Rediscovering Democracy', Political Research Quarterly 58/4 (2005) pp. 659-669.