The gut microbiota and mucosal T cells

Frontiers in Microbiology

Volumn 2, Issue MAY, 2011, Pages

  Smith, Patrick M ^a   Garrett, Wendy S ^a,b,c,d  

^a HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^b HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^c DANA FARBER CANCER INSTITUTE   (United States)

^d BROAD INSTITUTE OF MIT AND HARVARD   (United States)

Author keywords

Gut microbiota; Mucosal immunity; T cells

Indexed keywords

EID: 84866751266     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1664302X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00111     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Atarashi, K., Tanoue, T., Shima, T., Imaoka, A., Kuwahara, T., Momose, Y., Cheng, G., Yamasaki, S., Saito, T., Ohba, Y., Taniguchi, T., Takeda, K., Hori, S., Ivanov, Ii, Umesaki, Y., Itoh, K., and Honda, K. (2011a). Induction of colonic regulatory T cells by indigenous Clostridium species. Science 331, 337-341.
2. Atarashi, K., Umesaki, Y., and Honda, K. (2011b). Microbiotal influence on T cell subset development. Semin. Immunol. 23, 146-153.
3. Bandeira, A., Mota-Santos, T., Itohara, S., Degermann, S., Heusser, C., Tonegawa, S., and Coutinho, A. (1990). Localization of gamma/delta T cells to the intestinal epithelium is independent of normal microbial colonization. J. Exp. Med. 172, 239-244.
4. Bowman, L. M., and Holt, P. G. (2001). Selective enhancement of systemic Th1 immunity in immunologically immature rats with an orally administered bacterial extract. Infect. Immun. 69, 3719-3727.
5. Cerf-Bensussan, N., and Gaboriau-Routhiau, V. (2010). The immune system and the gut microbiota: friends or foes? Nat. Rev. Immunol. 10, 735-744.
6. Chieppa, M., Rescigno, M., Huang, A. Y., and Germain, R. N. (2006). Dynamic imaging of dendritic cell extension into the small bowel lumen in response to epithelial cell TLR engagement. J. Exp. Med. 203, 2841-2852.
7. Dalton, J. E., Cruickshank, S. M., Egan, C. E., Mears, R., Newton, D. J., Andrew, E. M., Lawrence, B., Howell, G., Else, K. J., Gubbels, M. J., Striepen, B., Smith, J. E., White, S. J., and Carding, S. R. (2006). Intraepithelial gammadelta+ lymphocytes maintain the integrity of intestinal epithelial tight junctions in response to infection. Gastroenterology 131, 818-829.
8. Feng, T., Wang, L., Schoeb, T. R., Elson, C. O., and Cong, Y. (2010). Microbiota innate stimulation is a prerequisite for T cell spontaneous proliferation and induction of experimental colitis. J. Exp. Med. 207, 1321-1332.
9. Feuerer, M., Hill, J. A., Mathis, D., and Benoist, C. (2009). Foxp3+ regulatory T cells: differentiation, specification, subphenotypes. Nat. Immunol. 10, 689-695.
10. Frank, D. N., St Amand, A. L., Feldman, R. A., Boedeker, E. C., Harpaz, N., and Pace, N. R. (2007). Molecular-phylogenetic characterization of microbial community imbalances in human inflammatory bowel diseases. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104, 13780-13785.
11. Furness, J. B., Kunze, W. A., and Clerc, N. (1999). Nutrient tasting and signaling mechanisms in the gut. II. The intestine as a sensory organ: neural, endocrine, and immune responses. Am. J. Physiol. 277, G922-G928.
12. Gaboriau-Routhiau, V., Rakotobe, S., Lecuyer, E., Mulder, I., Lan, A., Bridonneau, C., Rochet, V., Pisi, A., De Paepe, M., Brandi, G., Eberl, G., Snel, J., Kelly, D., and Cerf-Bensussan, N. (2009). The key role of segmented filamentous bacteria in the coordinated maturation of gut helper T cell responses. Immunity 31, 677-689.
13. Goodman, A. L., Mcnulty, N. P., Zhao, Y., Leip, D., Mitra, R. D., Lozupone, C. A., Knight, R., and Gordon, J. I. (2009). Identifying genetic determinants needed to establish a human gut symbiont in its habitat. Cell Host Microbe 6, 279-289.
14. Hapfelmeier, S., Lawson, M. A., Slack, E., Kirundi, J. K., Stoel, M., Heikenwalder, M., Cahenzli, J., Velykoredko, Y., Balmer, M. L., Endt, K., Geuking, M. B., Curtiss, R. III, McCoy, K. D., and Macpherson, A. J. (2010). Reversible microbial colonization of germ-free mice reveals the dynamics of IgA immune responses. Science 328,1705-1709.
15. Holt, P. G. (1995). Environmental factors and primary T-cell sensitisation to inhalant allergens in infancy: reappraisal of the role of infections and air pollution. Pediatr. Allergy Immunol. 6, 1-10.
16. Ismail, A. S., Behrendt, C. L., and Hooper, L. V. (2009). Reciprocal interactions between commensal bacteria and gamma delta intraepithelial lymphocytes during mucosal injury. J. Immunol. 182, 3047-3054.
17. Ivanov, II, Atarashi, K., Manel, N., Brodie, E. L., Shima, T., Karaoz, U., Wei, D., Goldfarb, K. C., Santee, C. A., Lynch, S. V., Tanoue, T., Imaoka, A., Itoh, K., Takeda, K., Umesaki, Y., Honda, K., and Littman, D. R. (2009). Induction of intestinal Th17 cells by segmented filamentous bacteria. Cell 139, 485-498.
18. Kagnoff, M. F. (1998). Current concepts in mucosal immunity. III. Ontogeny and function of gamma delta T cells in the intestine. Am. J. Physiol. 274, G455-G458.
19. Klaasen, H. L., Koopman, J. P., Poelma, F. G., and Beynen, A. C. (1992). Intestinal, segmented, filamentous bacteria. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 8, 165-180.
20. Korn, T., Bettelli, E., Oukka, M., and Kuchroo, V. K. (2009). IL-17 and Th17 Cells. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 27, 485-517.
21. Kullberg, M. C., Ward, J. M., Gorelick, P. L., Caspar, P., Hieny, S., Cheever, A., Jankovic, D., and Sher, A. (1998). Helicobacter hepaticus triggers colitis in specific-pathogen-free interleukin-10 (IL-10)-deficient mice through an IL-12- and gamma interferon-dependent mechanism. Infect. Immun. 66, 5157-5166.
22. Lee, Y. K., Mukasa, R., Hatton, R. D., and Weaver, C. T. (2009). Developmental plasticity of Th17 and Treg cells. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 21, 274-280.
23. Maslowski, K. M., and Mackay, C. R. (2011). Diet, gut microbiota and immune responses. Nat. Immunol. 12, 5-9.
24. Maynard, C. L., and Weaver, C. T. (2008). Diversity in the contribution of interleukin-10 to T-cell-mediated immune regulation. Immunol. Rev. 226, 219-233.
25. Mazmanian, S. K., Liu, C. H., Tzianabos, A. O., and Kasper, D. L. (2005). An immunomodulatory molecule of symbiotic bacteria directs maturation of the host immune system. Cell 122, 107-118.
26. Mazmanian, S. K., Round, J. L., and Kasper, D. L. (2008). A microbial symbiosis factor prevents intestinal inflammatory disease. Nature 453, 620-625.
27. Mosmann, T. R., Cherwinski, H., Bond, M. W., Giedlin, M. A., and Coffman, R. L. (1986). Two types of murine helper T cell clone. I. Definition according to profiles of lymphokine activities and secreted proteins. J. Immunol. 136, 2348-2357.
28. Powrie, F., and Leach, M. W. (1995). Genetic and spontaneous models of inflammatory bowel disease in rodents: evidence for abnormalities in mucosal immune regulation. Ther. Immunol. 2, 115-123.
29. Reyniers, J. A. (1957). The production and use of germ-free animals in experimental biology and medicine. Am. J. Vet. Res. 18, 678-687.
30. Roberts, S. J., Smith, A. L., West, A. B., Wen, L., Findly, R. C., Owen, M. J., and Hayday, A. C. (1996). T-cell alpha beta+ and gamma delta+ deficient mice display abnormal but distinct phenotypes toward a natural, widespread infection of the intestinal epithelium. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93, 11774-11779.
31. Round, J. L., and Mazmanian, S. K. (2009). The gut microbiota shapes intestinal immune responses during health and disease. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 9, 313-323.
32. Round, J. L., and Mazmanian, S. K. (2010). Inducible Foxp3+ regulatory T-cell development by a commensal bacterium of the intestinal microbiota. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107, 12204-12209.
33. Sears, C. L., and Pardoll, D. M. (2011). Perspective: alpha-bugs, their microbial partners, and the link to colon cancer. J. Infect. Dis. 203, 306-311.
34. Sellge, G., Magalhaes, J. G., Konradt, C., Fritz, J. H., Salgado-Pabon, W., Eberl, G., Bandeira, A., Di Santo, J. P., Sansonetti, P. J., and Phalipon, A. (2010). Th17 cells are the dominant T cell subtype primed by Shigella flexneri mediating protective immunity. J. Immunol. 184, 2076-2085.
35. Sheridan, B. S., and Lefrancois, L. (2010). Intraepithelial lymphocytes: to serve and protect. Curr. Gastroenterol. Rep. 12, 513-521.
36. Smith, K., Mccoy, K. D., and Macpherson, A. J. (2007). Use of axenic animals in studying the adaptation of mammals to their commensal intestinal microbiota. Semin. Immunol. 19, 59-69.
37. Talham, G. L., Jiang, H. Q., Bos, N. A., and Cebra, J. J. (1999). Segmented filamentous bacteria are potent stimuli of a physiologically normal state of the murine gut mucosal immune system. Infect. Immun. 67, 1992-2000.
38. Thornton, A. M., Korty, P. E., Tran, D. Q., Wohlfert, E. A., Murray, P. E., Belkaid, Y., and Shevach, E. M. (2010). Expression of Helios, an Ikaros transcription factor family member, differentiates thymic-derived from peripherally induced Foxp3+ T regulatory cells. J. Immunol. 184, 3433-3441.
39. van Wijk, F., and Cheroutre, H. (2009). Intestinal T cells: facing the mucosal immune dilemma with synergy and diversity. Semin. Immunol. 21, 130-138.
40. Wilson, C. B. (1986). Immunologic basis for increased susceptibility of the neonate to infection. J. Pediatr. 108, 1-12.
41. Yang, H., Antony, P. A., Wildhaber, B. E., and Teitelbaum, D. H. (2004). Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte gamma delta-T cell-derived keratinocyte growth factor modulates epithelial growth in the mouse. J. Immunol. 172, 4151-4158.
42. Zhu, J., Yamane, H., and Paul, W. E. (2010). Differentiation of effector CD4 T cell populations (*). Annu. Rev. Immunol. 28, 445-489.