Masters of the long haul: Pursuing long-term work goals

Journal of Organizational Behavior

Volumn 33, Issue 7, 2012, Pages 984-1006

  Bateman, Thomas S ^a   Barry, Bruce ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA   (United States)

^b VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Goal striving; Goals; Intrinsic motivation; Long term goals; Motivation; Self regulation

Indexed keywords

EID: 84866436075     PISSN: 08943796     EISSN: 10991379     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/job.1778     Document Type: Article

References (109)

1. Ashford, S., & Black, S. (1996). Proactivity during organizational entry: The role of desire for control. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 199-214.
2. Auerbach, C. F., & Silverstein, L. B. (2003). Qualitative data: An introduction to coding and analysis. New York, NY: New York University Press.
3. Austin, J., & Vancouver, J. (1996). Goal constructs in psychology: Structure, process, and content. Psychological Bulletin, 120, 338-375.
4. Bagozzi, R. P. (2003). Positive and negative emotions in organizations. In K. Cameron, J. Dutton, & R. Quinn (Eds.), Positive organizational scholarship, (pp. 176-193). San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler.
5. Bamberger, P., & Pratt, M. (2010). Moving forward by looking back: Reclaiming unconventional research contexts and samples in organizational scholarship. Academy of Management Journal, 53, 665-671.
6. Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
7. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York, NY: W.H. Freeman.
8. Barkema, H., Baum, J., & Mannix, E. (2002). Management challenges in a new time. Academy of Management Journal, 45, 916-930.
9. Barrick, M., & Mount, M. (1991). The big five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44, 1173-1182.
10. Bass, B. M. (1985), Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York, NY: Free Press.
11. Bateman, T., O'Neill, H., & Kenworthy-U'Ren, A. (2002). A hierarchical taxonomy of top managers' goals. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 1134-1148.
12. Baumeister, R. & Vohs, K. (2003). Willpower, choice, and self-control. In G. Loewenstein, D. Read, & R. Baumeister (Eds.), Time and decision: Economic and psychological perspectives on intertemporal choice (pp. 201-216). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
13. Beach, L. R. (1990). Image theory: Decision making in personal and organizational context. New York, NY: Wiley.
14. Berg, B. L. (1995). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
15. Bernard, H. R., & Ryan, G. W. (2010). Analyzing qualitative data: Systematic approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
16. Bluedorn, A. C. (2002). The human organization of time: Temporal realities and experience. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
17. Brand, S. (1999). The clock of the long now: Time and responsibility. New York, NY: Basic Books.
18. Bunderson, J. S., & Thompson, J. (2009). The call of the wild: Zookeepers, callings, and the dual edges of deeply meaningful work. Administrative Science Quarterly, 54, 32-57.
19. Charmaz, K. (2005). Grounded theory in the 21st century. In N. K. Denzin, & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (3rd ed., pp. 507-535). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
20. Cohen, J. (1960). A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 20, 37-46.
21. Collins, J., & Porras, J. (1996). Built to last: Successful habits of visionary companies. London: Century Business.
22. Corley, K., & Gioia, D. (2004). Identity ambiguity and change in the wake of a corporate spin-off. Administrative Science Quarterly, 49, 173-208.
23. Cyert, R., & March, J. (1963). Behavioral theory of the firm. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
24. Das, T. K. (2004). Strategy and time: Really recognizing the future. In H. Tsoukas, & J. Shepherd (Eds.), Managing the future: Foresight in the knowledge economy (pp. 58-74.). Malden, MA: Blackwell.
25. Deci E. L., Koestner, R., & Ryan, R. M. (1999). A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 627-668.
26. Densten, I. L. (2002). Clarifying inspirational motivation and its relationship to extra effort. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 23, 40-44.
27. Dick, P. (2006). The psychological contract and the transition from full to part-time work. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27, 37-58.
28. Diefendorff, J. M., & Lord, R. G. (2008). Goal-striving and self-regulation processes. In R. Kanfer, G. Chen, & R. D. Pritchard (Eds.), Work motivation: Past, present, and future (pp. 151-196.). New York, NY: Routledge.
29. Drucker, P. (1974). Management: Tasks, responsibilities, practices. New York, NY: Harper & Row.
30. Dutton, J. E., & Dukerich, J. M. (1991). Keeping an eye on the mirror: Image and identity in organizational adaptation. Academy of Management Journal, 34, 517-554.
31. Eisenhardt, K., & Graebner, M. 2007. Theory building from cases: Opportunities and challenges. Academy of Management Review, 50, 25-32.
32. Fried, Y., & Slowik, L. H. (2004). Enriching goal-setting theory with time: An integrated approach. Academy of Management Review, 30, 404-422.
33. George, J., & Jones, G. (2000). The role of time in theory and theory building. Journal of Management, 26, 657-684.
34. Gephart, R. (2004). Qualitative research and the Academy of Management Journal. Academy of Management Journal, 47, 454-462.
35. Gersick, C., Bartunek, J., & Dutton, J. (2000). Learning from academia: The importance of relationships in professional life. Academy of Management Journal, 43, 1026-1044.
36. Glaser, B., & Strauss, A. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Chicago, IL: Aldine.
37. Gollwitzer, P. M. (1999). Implementation intentions: Strong effects of simple plans. American Psychologist, 54, 493-503.
38. Goodman, P. Lawrence, B., Ancona, D., & Tushman, M. (2001). Introduction. Academy of Management Review, 26, 507-511.
39. Greitemeyer, T. (2009). The effect of anticipated affect on persistence and performance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35, 172-186.
40. Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16, 250-279.
41. Hampden-Turner, C., & Trompenaars, F. (2001). Mastering the infinite game: How East Asian values are transforming business practices. Oxford: Capstone.
42. Harackiewicz, J., Barron, K., & Elliott, A. (1998). Rethinking achievement goals: When are they adaptive for college students and why? Educational Psychologist, 33, 1-21.
43. Hertsgaard, M. (2011). Hot: Living through the next fifty years on earth. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
44. Higgins, E. T. (1997). Beyond pleasure and pain. American Psychologist, 52, 1280-1300.
45. Ibarra, H. (1999). Provisional selves: Experimenting with image and identity in professional adaptation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44, 764-791.
46. Isabella, L. (1990). Evolving interpretations as a change unfolds: How managers construe key organizational events. Academy of Management Journal, 33, 7-41.
47. Jacobs, M. T. (1991). Short-term America: The causes and cures of our business myopia. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
48. Johnson, M., & Sherman, S. (1990). Constructing and reconstructing the past and the future in the present. In E. T. Higgins, & R. M. Sorrentino (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior (Vol. 2, pp. 482-527). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
49. Kanfer, R., & Ackerman, P. 2000. Individual differences in work motivation: Further explorations of a trait framework. Applied Psychology: International Review, 49, 470-482.
50. Karniol, R., & Ross, M. (1996). The motivational impact of temporal focus: Thinking about the future and the past. Annual Review of Psychology, 47, 593-620.
51. Kuhl, J. (2000a). A functional-design approach to motivation and self-regulation. In J. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 111-169). Burlington, MA: Elsevier.
52. Kuhl, J. (2000b). The volitional basis of Personality Systems Interaction Theory: Applications in learning and treatment contexts. International Journal of Educational Research, 33, 665-703.
53. Kuhl, J., Kazén, M., & Koole, S. L. (2006). Putting self-regulation theory into practice: A user's manual. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 55, 408-418.
54. Landis, J. R., Koch, G. G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 33, 159-174.
55. Latham, G., & Locke, E. (1991). Self-regulation through goal setting. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 212-247.
56. Latham, G., & Locke, E. (2007). New developments and directions in goal-setting research. European Psychologist, 12(4), 290-300.
57. Latham, G., & Pinder, G. (2005). Work motivation theory and research at the dawn of the twenty-first century. Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 485-516.
58. Laverty, K. J. (1996). Economic short-termism: The debate, the unresolved issues, and the implications for management practice and research. Academy of Management Review, 21, 825-860.
59. Lee, T. W., Mitchell, T. R., & Sablynski, C. J. (1999). Qualitative research in organizational and vocational psychology, 1979-1999. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 55, 161-187.
60. Lewin, K. (1935). A dynamic theory of personality: Selected papers of Kurt Lewin. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
61. Liberman, N., & Trope, Y. (2003). Construal level theory of intertemporal judgment and decision. In G. Loewenstein, D. Read, & R. Baumeister (Eds.), Time and decision: Economic and psychological perspectives on intertemporal choice (pp. 245-276.). New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
62. Lincoln, Y., & Guba, E. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
63. Locke, E., & Latham, G. (1990). A theory of goal setting and task performance. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
64. Locke, E., & Latham, G. (2002). Building a practically useful theory of goal setting and task motivation: A 35-year odyssey. American Psychologist, 57, 705-717.
65. Locke, E., & Latham, G. (2004). What should we do about motivation theory? Six recommendations for the twenty-first century. Academy of Management Review, 30, 388-403.
66. Loewenstein, G., Read, D., & Baumeister, R. (Eds.) (2003). Time and decision: Economic and psychological perspectives on intertemporal choice. New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
67. Lord, R., Diefendorff, J., Schmidt, A., & Hall, R. (2010). Self-regulation at work. Annual Review of Psychology, 61, 543-568.
68. March, J. G. (1999). Research on organizations: Hopes for the past and lessons from the future. Nordiske Organisasjonsstudier, 1, 69-83.
69. Marginson, D., & McAulay, L. (2007). Exploring the debate on short-termism: A theoretical and empirical analysis. Strategic Management Journal, 30, 273-302.
70. Markus, H., & Nurius, P. (1986). Possible selves. American Psychologist, 41, 954-969.
71. Markus, H., & Wurf, E. (1987). The dynamic self-concept: A social psychological perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 38, 299-337.
72. McCrae, R., & Costa, P. T., Jr. (2008). The 5-factor theory of personality. In O. P. John, R. W. Robins, & L. A. Pervin (Eds.), Handbook of personality: Theory and research (3rd ed., pp. 159-181). New York, NY: Guilford.
73. Metcalfe, J., & Mischel, W. (1999). A hot/cool system analysis of delay of gratification: Dynamics of willpower. Psychological Review, 106, 3-19.
74. Meyer, J., Becker, T., & Vandenberghe, C. (2004). Employee commitment and motivation: A conceptual analysis and integrative model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89, 991-1007.
75. Miles, M., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
76. Miner, J. B. (2005). Organizational behavior I: Essential theories of motivation and leadership. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharp.
77. Mischel, W., Ayduk, O., & Mendoze-Denton, R. (2003). Sustaining delay of gratification over time: A hot-cool systems perspective. In G. Loewenstein, D. Read, & R. Baumeister (Eds.), Time and decision: Economic and psychological perspectives on intertemporal choice, (pp. 175-200). New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
78. Mischel, W., & Ebbesen, E. (1970). Attention in delay of gratification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 16, 330-337.
79. Mischel, W., Shoda, Y., & Rodriguez, M. (1989). Delay of gratification in children. Science, 244, 933-938.
80. Mitchell, T., & Daniels, D. (2003). Motivation. In W. Borman, D. Ilgen, & R. Klimoski (Eds.), Handbook of psychology, vol 12: Industrial and organizational psychology (pp. 225-254). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
81. Mitchell, T., Harman, W., Lee, T., & Lee, D. (2008). Self-regulation and multiple deadline goals. In R. Kanfer, G. Chen, & R. Pritchard (Eds.), Work motivation: Past, present, and future (pp. 197-232). New York, NY: Routledge.
82. Ouchi, W. G. (1981). Theory Z: How American business can meet the Japanese challenge. New York, NY: Avon.
83. Porter, M. E. (1992). Capital disadvantage: America's failing capital investment system. Harvard Business Review, 70(5), 65-82.
84. Pratt, M., & Ashforth, B. (2003). Fostering meaningfulness in working and at work. In K. Cameron, J. Dutton, & R. Quinn (Eds.), Positive organizational scholarship: Foundations of a new discipline (pp. 309-327). San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler.
85. Pratt, M., Rockmann, K., & Kaufmann, J. (2006). Constructing professional identity: The role of work and identity learning cycles in the customization of identity among medical residents. Academy of Management Journal, 49, 235-262.
86. Prelec, D., & Bodner, R. (2003). Self-signaling and self-control. In G. Loewenstein, D. Read, & R. Baumeister (Eds.), Time and decision: Economic and psychological perspectives on intertemporal choice (pp. 277-308). New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.
87. Prelec, D., & Loewenstein, G. (1991). Decision making over time and under uncertainty: A common approach. Management Science, 37, 770-786.
88. Raynor, J. (1978). Future orientation in achievement motivation: A more general theory of achievement motivation. In J. Atkinson, & J. Raynor (Eds.), Personality, motivation, and achievement (pp. 71-115). New York, NY: Wiley.
89. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55, 68-78.
90. Sansone, C., & Smith, J. (2001). The "how" of goal pursuit: Interest and self-regulation. Psychological Inquiry, 11 (4), 306-309.
91. Sansone, C., & Thoman, D. (2005). Interest as the missing motivator in self-regulation. European Psychologist, 10(3), 175-186.
92. Sansone, C., & Thoman, D. (2006). Maintaining activity engagement: Individual differences in the process of self-regulating motivation. Journal of Personality, 74, 1697-1719.
93. Shamir, B., House, R. J., & Arthur, M. (1993). The motivational effects of charismatic leadership: A self-concept based theory. Organizational Science, 4, 577-594.
94. Singer, J. D., & Willett, J. B. (2003). Applied longitudinal data analysis: Modeling change and event occurrence. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
95. Sitkin, S. B., See, K. E., Miller, C. C., Lawless, M. W., & Carton, A. M. (2011). The paradox of stretch goals: Organizations in pursuit of the seemingly impossible. Academy of Management Review, 36, 544-566.
96. Steel, P., & Konig, C. (2006). Integrating theories of motivation. Academy of Management Review, 31, 899-913.
97. Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
98. Vancouver, J. B. (2000). Self-regulation in organizational settings: A tale of two paradigms. In M. Boekaerts, P. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
99. Vancouver, J., & Day, D. (2005). Industrial and organisation research on self-regulation: From constructs to application. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 54(2), 155-185.
100. VandeWalle, D., Ganesan, S., Challagalla, G., & Brown, S. (2000). An integrated model of feedback-seeking behavior: Disposition, context, and cognition. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 996-1003.
101. Van Maanen, J., Sorensen, J., & Mitchell, T. (2007). The interplay between theory and method. Academy of Management Review, 32, 1145-1154.
102. Vaughan, D. 1992. Theory elaboration: The heuristics of case analysis. In C. C. Ragin, & H. S. Becker (Eds.), What is a case? Exploring the foundations of social inquiry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
103. Vaughan, D. (1996). The Challenger launch decision: Risky technology, culture, and deviance at NASA. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
104. Wrzesniewski, A. (2003). Finding positive meaning in work. In K. Cameron, J. Dutton, & R. Quinn (Eds.), Positive organizational scholarship: Foundations of a new discipline (pp. 306-308). San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler.
105. Wrzesniewski, A., & Dutton, J. (2001). Crafting a job: Revisioning employees as active crafters of their work. Academy of Management Review, 26, 179-201.
106. Wrzesniewski, A., McCauley, C. R., Rozin, P., & Schwartz, B. (1997). Jobs, careers, and callings: People's relations to their work. Journal of Research in Personality, 31, 21-33.
107. Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
108. Zaheer, S., Albert, S., & Zaheer, A. (1999). Time scales and organizational theory. Academy of Management Review, 24, 725-741.
109. Zimbardo, P., & Boyd, J. (1999). Putting time in perspective: A valid, reliable individual-differences metric. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 1271-1288.