메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 36, Issue 8, 2012, Pages 1301-1308

Autophagy in Alcohol-Induced Liver Diseases

Author keywords

Atg; Damage; Ethanol; Liver; Mechanisms; Mitophagy; mTOR; Toll like receptors

Indexed keywords

ADENYLATE KINASE; ALCOHOL; CYCLIC AMP DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE; MAMMALIAN TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN; MITOCHONDRIAL DNA; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR;

EID: 84864536869     PISSN: 01456008     EISSN: 15300277     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2012.01742.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (99)

References (61)
  • 1
    • 0014359297 scopus 로고
    • Studies on cellular autophagocytosis. The formation of autophagic vacuoles in the liver after glucagon administration
    • Arstila AU, Trump BF (1968) Studies on cellular autophagocytosis. The formation of autophagic vacuoles in the liver after glucagon administration. Am J Pathol 53:687-733.
    • (1968) Am J Pathol , vol.53 , pp. 687-733
    • Arstila, A.U.1    Trump, B.F.2
  • 2
    • 0016615083 scopus 로고
    • Alcoholic hepatomegaly: accumulation of protein in the liver
    • Baraona E, Leo MA, Borowsky SA, Lieber CS (1975) Alcoholic hepatomegaly: accumulation of protein in the liver. Science 190:794-795.
    • (1975) Science , vol.190 , pp. 794-795
    • Baraona, E.1    Leo, M.A.2    Borowsky, S.A.3    Lieber, C.S.4
  • 3
    • 13844298275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of ethanol-induced CYP2E1 on proteasome activity: the role of 4-hydroxynonenal
    • Bardag-Gorce F, Li J, French BA, French SW (2005) The effect of ethanol-induced CYP2E1 on proteasome activity: the role of 4-hydroxynonenal. Exp Mol Pathol 78:109-115.
    • (2005) Exp Mol Pathol , vol.78 , pp. 109-115
    • Bardag-Gorce, F.1    Li, J.2    French, B.A.3    French, S.W.4
  • 4
    • 0043204997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The anti-ageing effects of caloric restriction may involve stimulation of macroautophagy and lysosomal degradation, and can be intensified pharmacologically
    • Bergamini E, Cavallini G, Donati A, Gori Z (2003) The anti-ageing effects of caloric restriction may involve stimulation of macroautophagy and lysosomal degradation, and can be intensified pharmacologically. Biomed Pharmacother 57:203-208.
    • (2003) Biomed Pharmacother , vol.57 , pp. 203-208
    • Bergamini, E.1    Cavallini, G.2    Donati, A.3    Gori, Z.4
  • 5
    • 2442645050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Ras/cAMP-dependent protein kinase signaling pathway regulates an early step of the autophagy process in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Budovskaya YV, Stephan JS, Reggiori F, Klionsky DJ, Herman PK (2004) The Ras/cAMP-dependent protein kinase signaling pathway regulates an early step of the autophagy process in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Biol Chem 279:20663-20671.
    • (2004) J Biol Chem , vol.279 , pp. 20663-20671
    • Budovskaya, Y.V.1    Stephan, J.S.2    Reggiori, F.3    Klionsky, D.J.4    Herman, P.K.5
  • 6
  • 7
    • 84864553085 scopus 로고
    • CDC Available at:. Accessed March 11, 2011.
    • CDC (1989) Available at:. Accessed March 11, 2011.
    • (1989)
  • 8
    • 0025312660 scopus 로고
    • The effects of chronic ethanol consumption on hepatic mitochondrial energy metabolism
    • Cunningham CC, Coleman WB, Spach PI (1990) The effects of chronic ethanol consumption on hepatic mitochondrial energy metabolism. Alcohol Alcohol 25:127-136.
    • (1990) Alcohol Alcohol , vol.25 , pp. 127-136
    • Cunningham, C.C.1    Coleman, W.B.2    Spach, P.I.3
  • 9
    • 67649399288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of pink1 function promotes mitophagy through effects on oxidative stress and mitochondrial fission
    • Dagda RK, Cherra SJ III, Kulich SM, Tandon A, Park D, Chu CT (2009) Loss of pink1 function promotes mitophagy through effects on oxidative stress and mitochondrial fission. J Biol Chem 284:13843-13855.
    • (2009) J Biol Chem , vol.284 , pp. 13843-13855
    • Dagda, R.K.1    Cherra III, S.J.2    Kulich, S.M.3    Tandon, A.4    Park, D.5    Chu, C.T.6
  • 10
    • 0013934457 scopus 로고
    • The significance of lysosomes in pathology and medicine
    • De Duve C (1966) The significance of lysosomes in pathology and medicine. Proc Inst Med Chic 26:73-76.
    • (1966) Proc Inst Med Chic , vol.26 , pp. 73-76
    • De Duve, C.1
  • 12
    • 79551554585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective taste of ethanol-induced autophagy for mitochondria and lipid droplets
    • Ding WX, Li M, Yin XM (2011a) Selective taste of ethanol-induced autophagy for mitochondria and lipid droplets. Autophagy 7:248-249.
    • (2011) Autophagy , vol.7 , pp. 248-249
    • Ding, W.X.1    Li, M.2    Yin, X.M.3
  • 13
    • 79958847922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The emerging role of autophagy in alcoholic liver disease
    • Ding WX, Manley S, Ni HM (2011b) The emerging role of autophagy in alcoholic liver disease. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 236:546-556.
    • (2011) Exp Biol Med (Maywood) , vol.236 , pp. 546-556
    • Ding, W.X.1    Manley, S.2    Ni, H.M.3
  • 15
    • 34548299555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linking of autophagy to ubiquitin-proteasome system is important for the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell viability
    • Ding WX, Ni HM, Gao W, Yoshimori T, Stolz DB, Ron D, Yin XM (2007b) Linking of autophagy to ubiquitin-proteasome system is important for the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell viability. Am J Pathol 171:513-524.
    • (2007) Am J Pathol , vol.171 , pp. 513-524
    • Ding, W.X.1    Ni, H.M.2    Gao, W.3    Yoshimori, T.4    Stolz, D.B.5    Ron, D.6    Yin, X.M.7
  • 16
    • 27544457323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recombinant Hep G2 cells that express alcohol dehydrogenase and cytochrome P450 2E1 as a model of ethanol-elicited cytotoxicity
    • Donohue TM, Osna NA, Clemens DL (2006) Recombinant Hep G2 cells that express alcohol dehydrogenase and cytochrome P450 2E1 as a model of ethanol-elicited cytotoxicity. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 38:92-101.
    • (2006) Int J Biochem Cell Biol , vol.38 , pp. 92-101
    • Donohue, T.M.1    Osna, N.A.2    Clemens, D.L.3
  • 17
    • 65649083316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy and ethanol-induced liver injury
    • Donohue TM Jr (2009) Autophagy and ethanol-induced liver injury. World J Gastroenterol 15:1178-1185.
    • (2009) World J Gastroenterol , vol.15 , pp. 1178-1185
    • Donohue Jr., T.M.1
  • 19
    • 0023116409 scopus 로고
    • Hepatic protein synthetic activity in vivo after ethanol administration
    • Donohue TM Jr, Sorrell MF, Tuma DJ (1987) Hepatic protein synthetic activity in vivo after ethanol administration. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 11:80-86.
    • (1987) Alcohol Clin Exp Res , vol.11 , pp. 80-86
    • Donohue Jr., T.M.1    Sorrell, M.F.2    Tuma, D.J.3
  • 20
    • 0024533273 scopus 로고
    • Effect of chronic ethanol administration on protein catabolism in rat liver
    • Donohue TM Jr, Zetterman RK, Tuma DJ (1989) Effect of chronic ethanol administration on protein catabolism in rat liver. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 13:49-57.
    • (1989) Alcohol Clin Exp Res , vol.13 , pp. 49-57
    • Donohue Jr., T.M.1    Zetterman, R.K.2    Tuma, D.J.3
  • 21
    • 0346998038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defective autophagy leads to cancer
    • Edinger AL, Thompson CB (2003) Defective autophagy leads to cancer. Cancer Cell 4:422-424.
    • (2003) Cancer Cell , vol.4 , pp. 422-424
    • Edinger, A.L.1    Thompson, C.B.2
  • 22
    • 0035487007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mitochondrial permeability transition initiates autophagy in rat hepatocytes
    • Elmore SP, Qian T, Grissom SF, Lemasters JJ (2001) The mitochondrial permeability transition initiates autophagy in rat hepatocytes. FASEB J 15:2286-2287.
    • (2001) FASEB J , vol.15 , pp. 2286-2287
    • Elmore, S.P.1    Qian, T.2    Grissom, S.F.3    Lemasters, J.J.4
  • 23
    • 67649382475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired autolysosome formation correlates with Lamp-2 depletion: role of apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis in pancreatitis
    • Fortunato F, Bürgers H, Bergmann F, Rieger P, Büchler MW, Kroemer G, Werner J (2009) Impaired autolysosome formation correlates with Lamp-2 depletion: role of apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis in pancreatitis. Gastroenterology 137:350-360.
    • (2009) Gastroenterology , vol.137 , pp. 350-360
    • Fortunato, F.1    Bürgers, H.2    Bergmann, F.3    Rieger, P.4    Büchler, M.W.5    Kroemer, G.6    Werner, J.7
  • 24
    • 0037441387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethanol consumption decreases the synthesis of the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor but does not decrease its messenger RNA
    • Haorah J, MacDonald RG, Stoner JA, Donohue TM Jr. (2003) Ethanol consumption decreases the synthesis of the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor but does not decrease its messenger RNA. Biochem Pharmacol 65:637-648.
    • (2003) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.65 , pp. 637-648
    • Haorah, J.1    MacDonald, R.G.2    Stoner, J.A.3    Donohue Jr., T.M.4
  • 25
    • 0036537310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic ethanol administration decreases the ligand binding properties and the cellular content of the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor in rat hepatocytes
    • Haorah J, McVicker DL, Byrd JC, MacDonald RG, Donohue TM Jr. (2002) Chronic ethanol administration decreases the ligand binding properties and the cellular content of the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor in rat hepatocytes. Biochem Pharmacol 63:1229-1239.
    • (2002) Biochem Pharmacol , vol.63 , pp. 1229-1239
    • Haorah, J.1    McVicker, D.L.2    Byrd, J.C.3    MacDonald, R.G.4    Donohue Jr., T.M.5
  • 26
    • 4444359123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular signaling mechanisms in alcohol-induced liver damage
    • Hoek JB, Pastorino JG (2004) Cellular signaling mechanisms in alcohol-induced liver damage. Semin Liver Dis 24:257-272.
    • (2004) Semin Liver Dis , vol.24 , pp. 257-272
    • Hoek, J.B.1    Pastorino, J.G.2
  • 27
    • 34250891313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AMP-activated protein kinase: a universal regulator of autophagy?
    • Høyer-Hansen M, Jäättelä M (2007) AMP-activated protein kinase: a universal regulator of autophagy? Autophagy 3:381-383.
    • (2007) Autophagy , vol.3 , pp. 381-383
    • Høyer-Hansen, M.1    Jäättelä, M.2
  • 28
    • 54449092214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The critical role of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 in alcoholic liver disease is independent of the common TLR adapter MyD88
    • Hritz I, Mandrekar P, Velayudham A, Catalano D, Dolganiuc A, Kodys K, Kurt-Jones E, Szabo G (2008) The critical role of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 in alcoholic liver disease is independent of the common TLR adapter MyD88. Hepatology 48:1224-1231.
    • (2008) Hepatology , vol.48 , pp. 1224-1231
    • Hritz, I.1    Mandrekar, P.2    Velayudham, A.3    Catalano, D.4    Dolganiuc, A.5    Kodys, K.6    Kurt-Jones, E.7    Szabo, G.8
  • 30
    • 77951260924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors
    • Kawai T, Akira S (2010) The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors. Nat Immunol 11:373-384.
    • (2010) Nat Immunol , vol.11 , pp. 373-384
    • Kawai, T.1    Akira, S.2
  • 32
    • 0030605976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethanol consumption alters trafficking of lysosomal enzymes and affects the processing of procathepsin L in rat liver
    • Kharbanda KK, McVicker DL, Zetterman RK, Donohue TM Jr. (1996) Ethanol consumption alters trafficking of lysosomal enzymes and affects the processing of procathepsin L in rat liver. Biochim Biophys Acta 1291:45-52.
    • (1996) Biochim Biophys Acta , vol.1291 , pp. 45-52
    • Kharbanda, K.K.1    McVicker, D.L.2    Zetterman, R.K.3    Donohue Jr., T.M.4
  • 34
    • 79251574964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial degradation by autophagy (mitophagy) in GFP-LC3 transgenic hepatocytes during nutrient deprivation
    • Kim I, Lemasters JJ (2011a) Mitochondrial degradation by autophagy (mitophagy) in GFP-LC3 transgenic hepatocytes during nutrient deprivation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 300:C308-C317.
    • (2011) Am J Physiol Cell Physiol , vol.300
    • Kim, I.1    Lemasters, J.J.2
  • 35
    • 79954622220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitophagy selectively degrades individual damaged mitochondria after photoirradiation
    • Kim I, Lemasters JJ (2011b) Mitophagy selectively degrades individual damaged mitochondria after photoirradiation. Antioxid Redox Signal 14:1919-1928.
    • (2011) Antioxid Redox Signal , vol.14 , pp. 1919-1928
    • Kim, I.1    Lemasters, J.J.2
  • 37
    • 2142752480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular autophagy: surrender, avoidance and subversion by microorganisms
    • Kirkegaard K, Taylor MP, Jackson WT (2004) Cellular autophagy: surrender, avoidance and subversion by microorganisms. Nat Rev Microbiol 2:301-314.
    • (2004) Nat Rev Microbiol , vol.2 , pp. 301-314
    • Kirkegaard, K.1    Taylor, M.P.2    Jackson, W.T.3
  • 39
    • 0032608336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • V. Necrapoptosis and the mitochondrial permeability transition: shared pathways to necrosis and apoptosis
    • Lemasters JJ (1999) V. Necrapoptosis and the mitochondrial permeability transition: shared pathways to necrosis and apoptosis. Am J Physiol 276:G1-G6.
    • (1999) Am J Physiol , vol.276
    • Lemasters, J.J.1
  • 40
    • 16844366524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective mitochondrial autophagy, or mitophagy, as a targeted defense against oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and aging
    • Lemasters JJ (2005) Selective mitochondrial autophagy, or mitophagy, as a targeted defense against oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and aging. Rejuvenation Res 8:3-5.
    • (2005) Rejuvenation Res , vol.8 , pp. 3-5
    • Lemasters, J.J.1
  • 41
    • 79956144655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Following cytochrome c release, autophagy is inhibited during chemotherapy-induced apoptosis by caspase-8-mediated cleavage of Beclin-1
    • Li H, Wang P, Sun Q, Ding WX, Yin XM, Sobol RW, Beer-Stolz D, Yu J, Zhang L (2011) Following cytochrome c release, autophagy is inhibited during chemotherapy-induced apoptosis by caspase-8-mediated cleavage of Beclin-1. Cancer Res 71:3625-3634.
    • (2011) Cancer Res , vol.71 , pp. 3625-3634
    • Li, H.1    Wang, P.2    Sun, Q.3    Ding, W.X.4    Yin, X.M.5    Sobol, R.W.6    Beer-Stolz, D.7    Yu, J.8    Zhang, L.9
  • 43
  • 44
    • 71449091240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hepatic autophagy is suppressed in the presence of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia: inhibition of FoxO1-dependent expression of key autophagy genes by insulin
    • Liu HY, Han J, Cao SY, Hong T, Zhuo D, Shi J, Liu Z, Cao W (2009) Hepatic autophagy is suppressed in the presence of insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia: inhibition of FoxO1-dependent expression of key autophagy genes by insulin. J Biol Chem 284:31484-31492.
    • (2009) J Biol Chem , vol.284 , pp. 31484-31492
    • Liu, H.Y.1    Han, J.2    Cao, S.Y.3    Hong, T.4    Zhuo, D.5    Shi, J.6    Liu, Z.7    Cao, W.8
  • 45
    • 74249109983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis blocks Beclin 1-dependent autophagosome synthesis: an effect rescued by Bcl-xL
    • Luo S, Rubinsztein DC (2010) Apoptosis blocks Beclin 1-dependent autophagosome synthesis: an effect rescued by Bcl-xL. Cell Death Differ 17:268-277.
    • (2010) Cell Death Differ , vol.17 , pp. 268-277
    • Luo, S.1    Rubinsztein, D.C.2
  • 46
    • 0142240338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immune control of tuberculosis by IFN-gamma-inducible LRG-47
    • MacMicking JD, Taylor GA, McKinney JD (2003) Immune control of tuberculosis by IFN-gamma-inducible LRG-47. Science 302:654-659.
    • (2003) Science , vol.302 , pp. 654-659
    • MacMicking, J.D.1    Taylor, G.A.2    McKinney, J.D.3
  • 47
    • 0015239454 scopus 로고
    • The turnover of mitochondria in a variety of tissues of young adult and aged rats
    • Menzies RA, Gold PH (1971) The turnover of mitochondria in a variety of tissues of young adult and aged rats. J Biol Chem 246:2425-2429.
    • (1971) J Biol Chem , vol.246 , pp. 2425-2429
    • Menzies, R.A.1    Gold, P.H.2
  • 48
    • 39849109338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy fights disease through cellular self-digestion
    • Mizushima N, Levine B, Cuervo AM, Klionsky DJ (2008) Autophagy fights disease through cellular self-digestion. Nature 451:1069-1075.
    • (2008) Nature , vol.451 , pp. 1069-1075
    • Mizushima, N.1    Levine, B.2    Cuervo, A.M.3    Klionsky, D.J.4
  • 49
    • 0038605721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulates maturation of lysosomes in rat hepatocytes
    • Mousavi SA, Brech A, Berg T, Kjeken R (2003) Phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulates maturation of lysosomes in rat hepatocytes. Biochem J 372:861-869.
    • (2003) Biochem J , vol.372 , pp. 861-869
    • Mousavi, S.A.1    Brech, A.2    Berg, T.3    Kjeken, R.4
  • 50
    • 58149314211 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parkin is recruited selectively to impaired mitochondria and promotes their autophagy
    • Narendra D, Tanaka A, Suen DF, Youle RJ (2008) Parkin is recruited selectively to impaired mitochondria and promotes their autophagy. J Cell Biol 183:795-803.
    • (2008) J Cell Biol , vol.183 , pp. 795-803
    • Narendra, D.1    Tanaka, A.2    Suen, D.F.3    Youle, R.J.4
  • 51
    • 79251482742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interferon regulatory factor 3 and type I interferons are protective in alcoholic liver injury in mice by way of crosstalk of parenchymal and myeloid cells
    • Petrasek J, Dolganiuc A, Csak T, Nath B, Hritz I, Kodys K, Catalano D, Kurt-Jones E, Mandrekar P, Szabo G (2011) Interferon regulatory factor 3 and type I interferons are protective in alcoholic liver injury in mice by way of crosstalk of parenchymal and myeloid cells. Hepatology 53:649-660.
    • (2011) Hepatology , vol.53 , pp. 649-660
    • Petrasek, J.1    Dolganiuc, A.2    Csak, T.3    Nath, B.4    Hritz, I.5    Kodys, K.6    Catalano, D.7    Kurt-Jones, E.8    Mandrekar, P.9    Szabo, G.10
  • 52
    • 0032508564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of hepatocytic autophagy by adenosine, aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside, and N6-mercaptopurine riboside. Evidence for involvement of amp-activated protein kinase
    • Samari HR, Seglen PO (1998) Inhibition of hepatocytic autophagy by adenosine, aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside, and N6-mercaptopurine riboside. Evidence for involvement of amp-activated protein kinase. J Biol Chem 273:23758-23763.
    • (1998) J Biol Chem , vol.273 , pp. 23758-23763
    • Samari, H.R.1    Seglen, P.O.2
  • 53
    • 0347624594 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of the RAS/cyclic AMP pathway suppresses a TOR deficiency in yeast
    • Schmelzle T, Beck T, Martin DE, Hall MN (2004) Activation of the RAS/cyclic AMP pathway suppresses a TOR deficiency in yeast. Mol Cell Biol 24:338-351.
    • (2004) Mol Cell Biol , vol.24 , pp. 338-351
    • Schmelzle, T.1    Beck, T.2    Martin, D.E.3    Hall, M.N.4
  • 54
    • 8344242220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy in health and disease: a double-edged sword
    • Shintani T, Klionsky DJ (2004) Autophagy in health and disease: a double-edged sword. Science 306:990-995.
    • (2004) Science , vol.306 , pp. 990-995
    • Shintani, T.1    Klionsky, D.J.2
  • 55
    • 0032835137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel sensing mechanisms and targets for the cAMP-protein kinase A pathway in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Thevelein JM, de Winde JH (1999) Novel sensing mechanisms and targets for the cAMP-protein kinase A pathway in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Microbiol 33:904-918.
    • (1999) Mol Microbiol , vol.33 , pp. 904-918
    • Thevelein, J.M.1    de Winde, J.H.2
  • 58
    • 77953507107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mitochondrial DNA mutations in disease and aging
    • Wallace DC (2010) Mitochondrial DNA mutations in disease and aging. Environ Mol Mutagen 51:440-450.
    • (2010) Environ Mol Mutagen , vol.51 , pp. 440-450
    • Wallace, D.C.1
  • 59
    • 38049056623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Signaling pathway of autophagy associated with innate immunity
    • Xu Y, Liu XD, Gong X, Eissa NT (2008) Signaling pathway of autophagy associated with innate immunity. Autophagy 4:110-112.
    • (2008) Autophagy , vol.4 , pp. 110-112
    • Xu, Y.1    Liu, X.D.2    Gong, X.3    Eissa, N.T.4
  • 60
    • 77956404377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eaten alive: a history of acroautophagy
    • Yang Z, Klionsky DJ (2010) Eaten alive: a history of acroautophagy. Nat Cell Biol 12:814-822.
    • (2010) Nat Cell Biol , vol.12 , pp. 814-822
    • Yang, Z.1    Klionsky, D.J.2
  • 61
    • 84864553087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liver cirrhosis in the United States, 1970-2007 surveillance report #88, NIAAA homepage. Available at:. Accessed March 11, 2011.
    • Yoon Y, Yi H (2010) Liver cirrhosis in the United States, 1970-2007 surveillance report #88, NIAAA homepage. Available at:. Accessed March 11, 2011.
    • (2010)
    • Yoon, Y.1    Yi, H.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.