Diagnostic features of emotional expressions are processed preferentially

PLoS ONE

Volumn 7, Issue 7, 2012, Pages

  Scheller, Elisa ^a   Büchel, Christian ^b   Gamer, Matthias ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER HAMBURG EPPENDORF   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; EMOTIONALITY; EYE FIXATION; EYE MOVEMENT; FACIAL EXPRESSION; FEMALE; GAZE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; TASK PERFORMANCE; VISUAL FIELD; VISUAL INFORMATION; VISUAL ORIENTATION; VISUAL STIMULATION;

ADULT; ATTENTION; BEHAVIOR; DISCRIMINATION (PSYCHOLOGY); EMOTIONS; FACIAL EXPRESSION; FEMALE; FIXATION, OCULAR; HUMANS; MALE; PHOTIC STIMULATION; SACCADES; TIME FACTORS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84864359812     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041792     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Martino B De, Kalisch R, Rees G, Dolan RJ, (2009) Enhanced processing of threat stimuli under limited attentional resources. Cereb Cortex 19: 127-133 doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn062.
2. Palermo R, Rhodes G, (2007) Are you always on my mind? A review of how face perception and attention interact. Neuropsychologia 45: 75-92 doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.04.025.
3. Hanawalt NG, (1944) The role of the upper and the lower parts of the face as a basis for judging facial expressions: II. In posed expressions and "candid-camera" pictures. J Gen Psychol 31: 23-36.
4. Gosselin F, Schyns PG, (2001) Bubbles: a technique to reveal the use of information in recognition tasks. Vision Res 41: 2261-2271.
5. Schyns PG, Bonnar L, Gosselin F, (2002) Show me the features! Understanding recognition from the use of visual information. Psychol Sci 13: 402-409.
6. Smith ML, Cottrell GW, Gosselin F, Schyns PG, (2005) Transmitting and decoding facial expressions. Psychol Sci 16: 184-189 doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.00801.x.
7. Rutherford MD, Towns AM, (2008) Scan path differences and similarities during emotion perception in those with and without autism spectrum disorders. J Autism Dev Disord 38: 1371-1381 doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0525-7.
8. Hernandez N, Metzger A, Magné R, Bonnet-Brilhault F, Roux S, et al. (2009) Exploration of core features of a human face by healthy and autistic adults analyzed by visual scanning. Neuropsychologia 47: 1004-1012 doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.10.023.
9. Pelphrey K a, Sasson NJ, Reznick JS, Paul G, Goldman BD, et al. (2002) Visual scanning of faces in autism. J Autism Dev Disord 32: 249-261.
10. Spezio ML, Adolphs R, Hurley RSE, Piven J, (2007) Abnormal use of facial information in high-functioning autism. J Autism Dev Disord 37: 929-939 doi:10.1007/s10803-006-0232-9.
11. Gamer M, Büchel C, (2009) Amygdala activation predicts gaze toward fearful eyes. J Neurosci 29: 9123-9126 doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1883-09.2009.
12. Vinette C, Gosselin F, Schyns PG, (2004) Spatio-temporal dynamics of face recognition in a flash: it's in the eyes. Cognitive Sci 28: 289-301 doi:10.1207/s15516709cog2802.
13. Itti L, Koch C, (2000) A saliency-based search mechanism for overt and covert shifts of visual attention. Vision Res 40: 1489-1506.
14. Itti L, Koch C, (2001) Computational modelling of visual attention. Nat Rev Neurosci 2: 194-203 doi:10.1038/35058500.
15. Lundqvist D, Flykt A, Öhman A, (1998) The Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces- KDEF, CD ROM.
16. Ekman P, Friesen WV, (1976) Pictures of facial affect. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
17. Ebner NC, Riediger M, Lindenberger U, (2010) FACES- a database of facial expressions in young, middle-aged, and older women and men: development and validation. Behav Res Meth 42: 351-362 doi:10.3758/BRM.42.1.351.
18. Gamer M, Zurowski B, Büchel C, (2010) Different amygdala subregions mediate valence-related and attentional effects of oxytocin in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 107: 9400-9405 doi:10.1073/pnas.1000985107.
19. Itti L, Koch C, Niebur E, (1998) A model of saliency-based visual attention for rapid scene analysis. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 20: 1254-1259.
20. Previc FH, Blume L, (1993) Visual search asymmetries in three-dimensional space. Vision Res 33: 2697-2704.
21. Levine MW, McAnany JJ, (2005) The relative capabilities of the upper and lower visual hemifields. Vision Res 45: 2820-2830 doi:10.1016/j.visres.2005.04.001.
22. Pflugshaupt T, Wartburg R von, Wurtz P, Chaves S, Déruaz A, et al. (2009) Linking physiology with behaviour: Functional specialisation of the visual field is reflected in gaze patterns during visual search. Vision Res 49: 237-248 doi:10.1016/j.visres.2008.10.021.
23. Emery N, (2000) The eyes have it: the neuroethology, function and evolution of social gaze. Neurosci Biobehav R 24: 581-604.
24. Langton S, Watt R, Bruce I, (2000) Do the eyes have it? Cues to the direction of social attention. Trends Cogn Sci 4: 50-59.
25. Baron-Cohen S, (1995) The eye direction detector (EDD) and the shared attention mechanism (SAM): Two cases for evolutionary psychology. In: Moore C, Dunham PJ, editors. pp. 41-59 editors. Joint attention: Its origins and role in development. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
26. Pizzagalli D, Regard M, Lehmann D, (1999) Rapid emotional face processing in the human right and left brain hemispheres: an ERP study. Neuroreport 10: 2691-8.
27. White M, (1995) Preattentive Analysis of Facial Expressions of Emotion. Cogn Emot 9: 439-460.
28. Genetti M, Khateb A, Heinzer S, Michel CM, Pegna AJ, (2009) Temporal dynamics of awareness for facial identity revealed with ERP. Brain Cogn 69: 296-305 doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2008.08.008.
29. Joyce C a, Schyns PG, Gosselin F, Cottrell GW, Rossion B, (2006) Early selection of diagnostic facial information in the human visual cortex. Vision Res 46: 800-813 doi:10.1016/j.visres.2005.09.016.
30. Eimer M, Holmes A, (2007) Event-related brain potential correlates of emotional face processing. Neuropsychologia 45: 15-31 doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.04.022.
31. Valentine T, (1988) Upside-down faces: A review of the effect of inversion upon face recognition. Br J Psychol 79: 471-491.
32. Hills PJ, Ross D a, Lewis MB, (2011) Attention misplaced: the role of diagnostic features in the face-inversion effect. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 37: 1396-1406 doi:10.1037/a0024247.
33. Lipp OV, Price SM, Tellegen CL, (2009) No effect of inversion on attentional and affective processing of facial expressions. Emotion 9: 248-59 doi:10.1037/a0014715.
34. Arnold DH, Lipp OV, (2011) Discrepant integration times for upright and inverted faces. Perception 40: 989-999 doi:10.1068/p6955.
35. Adolphs R, Gosselin F, Buchanan TW, Tranel D, Schyns P, et al. (2005) A mechanism for impaired fear recognition after amygdala damage. Nature 433: 68-72.
36. Spezio ML, Huang P-YS, Castelli F, Adolphs R, (2007) Amygdala damage impairs eye contact during conversations with real people. J Neurosci 27: 3994-3997 doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3789-06.2007.
37. Dalton KM, Nacewicz BM, Johnstone T, Schaefer HS, Gernsbacher MA, et al. (2005) Gaze fixation and the neural circuitry of face processing in autism. Nat Neurosci 8: 519-526 doi:10.1038/nn1421.
38. Fitzgerald D a, Angstadt M, Jelsone LM, Nathan PJ, Phan KL, (2006) Beyond threat: amygdala reactivity across multiple expressions of facial affect. NeuroImage 30: 1441-8 doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.11.003.
39. Morris JS, Friston KJ, Büchel C, Frith CD, Young AW, et al. (1998) A neuromodulatory role for the human amygdala in processing emotional facial expressions. Brain 121: 47-57.
40. Morris JS, Frith CD, Perrett DI, Rowland D, Young AW, et al. (1996) A differential neural response in the human amygdala to fearful and happy facial expressions. Nature 383: 812-815.
41. Whalen PJ, Kagan J, Cook RG, Davis FC, Kim H, et al. (2004) Human amygdala responsivity to masked fearful eye whites. Science 306: 2061 doi:10.1126/science.1103617.
42. Adolphs R, (2008) Fear, faces, and the human amygdala. Curr Opin Neurobiol 18: 166-172 doi:10.1016/j.conb.2008.06.006.
43. Benuzzi F, Pugnaghi M, Meletti S, Lui F, Serafini M, et al. (2007) Processing the socially relevant parts of faces. Brain Res Bull 74: 344-356 doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.07.010.
44. Baron-Cohen S, Ring HA, Bullmore ET, Wheelwright S, Ashwin C, et al. (2000) The amygdala theory of autism. Neurosci Biobehav R 24: 355-364.
45. Kliemann D, Dziobek I, Hatri A, Steimke R, Heekeren HR, (2010) Atypical Reflexive Gaze Patterns on Emotional Faces in Autism Spectrum Disorders. J Neurosci 30: 12281-12287 doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0688-10.2010.
46. Horley K, Williams LM, Gonsalvez C, Gordon E, (2003) Social phobics do not see eye to eye: a visual scanpath study of emotional expression processing. J Anxiety Disord 17: 33-44.
47. Horley K, Williams LM, Gonsalvez C, Gordon E, (2004) Face to face: visual scanpath evidence for abnormal processing of facial expressions in social phobia. Psychiatry Res 127: 43-53 doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2004.02.016.
48. Straube T, Kolassa I-T, Glauer M, Mentzel H-J, Miltner WHR, (2004) Effect of task conditions on brain responses to threatening faces in social phobics: an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Biol Psychiatry 56: 921-930 doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.09.024.
49. Straube T, Mentzel H-J, Miltner WHR, (2005) Common and distinct brain activation to threat and safety signals in social phobia. Neuropsychobiology 52: 163-8 doi:10.1159/000087987.
50. Phan KL, Fitzgerald DA, Nathan PJ, Tancer ME, (2006) Association between amygdala hyperactivity to harsh faces and severity of social anxiety in generalized social phobia. Biol Psychiatry 59: 424-9 doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.08.012.