Do the eyes have it? Cues to the direction of social attention

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

Volumn 4, Issue 2, 2000, Pages 50-59

  Langten, Stephen R H ^a   Watt, Roger J ^a   Bruce, Vicki ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF STIRLING   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATTENTION; GAZE; NEUROPHYSIOLOGY; PERCEPTION; REVIEW; VISION; VISUAL STIMULATION;

EID: 0033962747     PISSN: 13646613     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1364-6613(99)01436-9     Document Type: Review

References (50)

1. Bruce, V. et al. (1992) Processing the Facial Image, Oxford University Press
2. Young, A.W. (1998) Face and Mind, Oxford University Press
3. Bruce, V. and Young, A. (1986) Understanding face recognition. Br. J. Psychol. 77, 305-327
4. Young, A.W. et al. (1993) Face perception after brain injury: selective impairments affecting identity and expression. Brain 116, 941-959
5. Walker, S. et al. (1995) Facial identity and facial speech processing: familiar faces and voices in the McGurk effect. Percept. Psychophys. 57, 1124-1133
6. Schweinberger, S.R. and Soukup, G.R. (1998) Asymmetric relationships among perceptions of face identity, emotion and facial speech. J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform. 24, 1748-1765
7. Kleinke, C.L. (1986) Gaze and eye contact: a research review. Psychol. Rev. 100, 78-100
8. Perrett, D.I. and Emery, N.J. (1994) Understanding the intentions of others from visual signals: neurophysiological evidence. Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive 13, 683-694
9. Perrett, D.I. et al. (1994) Organization and functions of cells responsive to faces in the temporal cortex. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. B 335, 23-30
10. Baron-Cohen, S. et al. (1992) How to build a baby that can read minds: cognitive mechanisms in mindreading. Cahiers de Psychologie Cognitive 13, 513-552
11. Baron-Cohen, S. (1995) Mindblindness: An Essay on Autism and Theory of Mind, MIT Press
12. Maurer, D. (1985) Infants' perception of faced ness. In Social Perception in Infants (Field, T. and Fox, N., eds), Ablex
13. Vecera, S.P. and Johnson, M.H. (1995) Gaze detection and the cortical processing of faces: evidence from infants and adults. Visual Cognit. 2, 59-87
14. Von Grünau, M. and Anston, C. (1995) The detection of gaze: a stare in the crown effect. Perception 24, 1297-1313
15. Fodor, J. (1983) The Modularity of Mind: An Essay on Faculty Psychology, MIT Press
16. Coltheart, M. (1999) Modularity and cognition. Trends Cognit. Sci. 3, 115-120
17. Hood, B.M. et al. (1998) An eye direction detector triggers shifts of visual attention in human infants. Psychol. Sci. 9, 131-134
18. Driver, J. et al. (1999) Shared attention and the social brain: gaze perception triggers automatic visuospatial orienting in adults. Visual Cognit. 6, 509-540
19. Friesen, C.K. and Kingstone, A. (1998) The eyes have it!: reflexive orienting is triggered by nonpredictive gaze. Psychonomic Bull. Rev. 5, 490-495
20. Langton, S.R.H. and Bruce, V. (1999) Reflexive visual orienting in response to the social attention of others. Visual Cognit. 6, 541-568
21. Posner, M.I. (1980) Orienting of attention. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. 32, 3-25
22. Jonides, J. (1981) Voluntary versus automatic control over the mind's eye's movement. In Attention and Performance Vol. IX (Field, T. and Fox, N., eds), pp. 187-203, Erlbaum
23. Perrett, D.I. et al. (1985) Visual cells in the temporal cortex sensitive to face view and gaze direction. Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. B 223, 293-317
24. Heywood, C.A. and Cowey, A. (1992) The role of the 'face cell' area in the discrimination and recognition of faces by monkeys. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. B 335, 31-38
25. Campbell, R. et al. (1990) Sensitivity to eye gaze in prosopagnosic patients and monkeys with superior temporal sulcus ablation. Neuropsychologia 28, 1123-1142
26. Wollaston, W.H. (1824). On the apparent direction of eyes in a portrait. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. B 247-256.
27. [Cited in Bruce, V. and Young, A. (1998) In the Eye of the Beholder: The Science of Face Perception, Oxford University Press]
28. Cline, M.G. (1967) The perception of where a person is looking. Am. J. Psychol. 80, 41-50
29. Maruyama, K. and Endo, M. (1983) The effect of face orientation upon apparent direction of gaze. Tohoku Psychologica Folia 42, 126-138
30. Anstis, S.M. et al. (1969) The perception of where a face or television 'portrait' is looking. Am. J. Psychol. 82, 474-489
31. Gibson, J.J. and Pick, A. (1963) Perception of another person's looking. Am. J. Psychol. 76, 86-94
32. Langton, S.R.H. The mutual influence of gaze and head orientation in the analysis of social attention direction. Q. J. Exp. Psychol. (in press)
33. Langton, S.R.H. and Bruce, V. You must see the point: automatic processing of cues to the direction of social attention. J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform, (in press)
34. Langton, S.R.H. et al. (1996) Actions speak louder than words: symmetrical crossmodal interference effects in the processing of verbal and gestural information. J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform. 22. 1357-1375
35. Scaife, M. and Bruner, J.S. (1975) The capacity for joint visual attention in the infant. Nature 253, 265-266
36. Butterworth, G. and Jarrett, N. (1991) What minds have in common is space: spatial mechansims serving joint visual attention in infancy. Br. J. Dev. Psychol. 9, 55-72
37. Moore, C. and Corkum, V. (1998) Infant gaze following based on eye direction. Br. J. Psychol. 16, 495-503
38. Corkum,V. and Moore, C. (1995) Development of jointvisual attention in infants. In Joint Attention: Its Origins and Role in Development (Moore, C. and Dunham, P.J., eds), pp. 61-83, Erlbaum
39. Baron-Cohen, S. et al. (1995) Are children with autism blind to the mentalistic significance of the eyes? Br. J. Dev. Psychol. 13, 379-398
40. Anderson, J.R. and Doherty, M.J. (1997) Preschoolers' perception of other people's looking: photographs and drawings. Perception 26, 333-343
41. Doherty, M.J. and Anderson, J.R. A new look at gaze: preschool children's understanding of eye direction. Cognit. Dev. (in press)
42. Itakura, S. and Anderson, J.R. (1996) Learning to use experimenter-given cues during an object-choice task by a capuchin monkey. Curr. Psychol. Cognit. 15, 103-112
43. Itakura, S. (1996) An exploratory study of gaze-monitoring in non-human primates. Jap. Psychol. Res. 38, 174-180
44. Emery, N.J. et al. (1997) Gaze following and joint attention in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). J. Comp. Psychol. 111, 286-293
45. Itakura, S. and Tanaka, M. (1998) Use of experimenter-given cues during object-choice tasks by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), an orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus), and human infants (Homo sapiens). J. Comp. Psychol. 112, 119-126
46. Povinelli, D.J. and Eddy, T.J. (1996) Chimpanzees: joint visual attention. Psychol. Sci. 7, 129-135
47. Kobayashi, H. and Kohshima, S. (1997) Unique morphology of the human eye. Nature 387, 767-768
48. Baldwin, D.A. (1995) Understanding the link between joint attention and language. In Joint Attention: Its Origins and Role in Development (Moore, C. and Dunham, P.J., eds), pp. 131-158, Erlbaum
49. Ballard, D.H. et al. (1997) Deictic codes for the embodiment of cognition. Behav. Brain Sci. 20, 723-742
50. Glenberg, A.M. et al. (1998) Averting the gaze disengages the environment and facilitates remembering. Mem. Cognit. 26, 651-658