Bone tissue engineering: Current strategies and techniques-Part II: Cell types

Tissue Engineering - Part B: Reviews

Volumn 18, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 258-269

  Szpalski, Caroline ^a   Barbaro, Marissa ^a   Sagebin, Fabio ^a   Warren, Stephen M ^a  

^a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BONE FORMATION; BONE REPAIR; BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING; BREAKTHROUGH TECHNOLOGY; CELL TYPES; CHONDROCYTES; DENTAL PULP; DYNAMIC PROCESS; EPITHELIAL CELLS; IN-VITRO; MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL; OSTEOCYTES; PLURIPOTENT; UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD; VASCULOGENIC;

BLOOD; CELL CULTURE; OSTEOBLASTS; TISSUE ENGINEERING;

BONE;

AGAROSE; ALGINIC ACID; BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN; CHITOSAN; COLLAGEN; CYCLOOXYGENASE 2 INHIBITOR; CYTOKINE; ESTROGEN; FIBRIN GLUE; FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR; GELATIN SPONGE; GROWTH FACTOR; HYALURONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; POLYCAPROLACTONE; POLYDIOXANONE; POLYGLYCOLIDE; POLYLACTIDE; PROTEIN BCL 2; SMALL INTERFERING RNA; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR RUNX2; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR SOX5; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR SOX6; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR SOX9; VASCULOTROPIN; WNT PROTEIN;

ADIPOSE DERIVED STEM CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; BLOOD; BONE; BONE DEFECT; BONE GRAFT; BONE MARROW; BONE MATURATION; BONE REGENERATION; BONE REMODELING; CARTILAGE CELL; CELL CULTURE; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL TYPE; CRANIOTOMY; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; EPITHELIUM CELL; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; KNEE MENISCUS; MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL; NONHUMAN; OSTEOCLAST; OSTEOCYTE; PERIOSTEUM; PLURIPOTENT STEM CELL; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SPINE FUSION; TISSUE ENGINEERING; TISSUE REPAIR; TOOTH PULP; TRABECULAR BONE; TREATMENT INDICATION; UMBILICAL CORD BLOOD;

ADIPOSE TISSUE; ANIMALS; BONE AND BONES; BONE MARROW CELLS; CELL CULTURE TECHNIQUES; CELLS, CULTURED; HUMANS; MESENCHYMAL STROMAL CELLS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; TISSUE ENGINEERING;

EID: 84864273761     PISSN: 19373368     EISSN: 19373376     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2011.0440     Document Type: Review

References (101)

1. Friedenstein, A.J., Gorskaja, J.F., and Kulagina, N.N. Fibroblast precursors in normal and irradiated mouse hematopoietic organs. Exp Hematol 4, 267, 1976.
2. Miao, Z., Jin, J., Chen, L., Zhu, J., Huang, W., Zhao, J., et al. Isolation of mesenchymal stem cells from human placenta: comparison with human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Biol Int 30, 681, 2006.
3. Bruder, S.P., Ricalton, N.S., Boynton, R.E., Connolly, T.J., Jaiswal, N., Zaia, J., et al. Mesenchymal stem cell surface antigen SB-10 corresponds to activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule and is involved in osteogenic differentiation. J Bone Miner Res 13, 655, 1998.
4. Dominici, M., Le Blanc, K., Mueller, I., Slaper-Cortenbach, I., Marini, F.C., Krause, D.S., et al. Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement. Cytotherapy 8, 315, 2006.
5. Zvaifler, N.J., Marinova-Mutafchieva, L., Adams, G., Edwards, C.J., Moss, J., Burger, J.A., et al. Mesenchymal precursor cells in the blood of normal individuals. Arthritis Res 2, 477, 2000.
6. Conget, P.A., and Minguell, J.J. Phenotypical and functional properties of human bone marrow mesenchymal progenitor cells. J Cell Physiol 181, 67, 1999.
7. Friedenstein, A.J., Chailakhjan, R.K., and Lalykina, K.S. Development of fibroblast colonies in monolayer cultures of guinea-pig bone marrow and spleen cells. Cell Tissue Kinet 3, 393, 1970.
8. Pittenger, M.F., Mackay, A.M., Beck, S.C., Jaiswal, R.K., Douglas, R., Mosca, J.D., et al. Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal SCs. Science 284, 143, 1999.
9. Erices, A., Conget, P., and Minguell, J.J. Mesenchymal progenitor cells in human umbilical cord blood. Br J Haematol 109, 235, 2000.
10. Haynesworth, S.E., Goshima, J., Goldberg, V.M., and Caplan, A.I. Characterization of cells with osteogenic potential from human marrow. Bone 13, 81, 1992.
11. Smiler, D., Soltan, M., and Albitar, M. Toward the identification of mesenchymal SCs in bone marrow and peripheral blood for bone regeneration. Implant Dent 17, 236, 2008.
12. Kassem, M., Kristiansen, M., and Abdallah, B.M. Mesenchymal SCs: cell biology and potential use in therapy. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 95, 209, 2004.
13. Muraglia, A., Cancedda, R., and Quarto, R. Clonal mesenchymal progenitors from human bone marrow differentiate in vitro according to a hierarchical model. J Cell Sci 113, 1161, 2000.
14. DiGirolamo, C.M., Stokes, D., Colter, D., Phinney, D.G., Class, R., and Prockop, D.J. Propagation and senescence of human marrow stromal cells in culture: a simple colonyforming assay identifies samples with the greatest potential to propagate and differentiate. Br J Haematol 107, 275, 1999.
15. Peter, S.J., Liang, C.R., Kim, D.J., Widmer, M.S., and Mikos, A.G. Osteoblastic phenotype of rat marrow stromal cells cultured in the presence of dexamethasone, beta-glycerolphosphate, and L-ascorbic acid. J Cell Biochem 71, 55, 1998.
16. Jung, S., Sen, A., Rosenberg, L., and Behie, L.A. Human mesenchymal stem cell culture: rapid and efficient isolation and expansion in a defined serum-free medium. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011 [Epub ahead of print]; DOI: 10.1002/ term.441.
17. Reichert, J.C., Woodruff, M.A., Friis, T., Quent, V.M.C., Gronthos, S., Duda, G.N., Schütz, M.A., and Hutmacher, D.W. Ovine bone- and marrow-derived progenitor cells and their potential for scaffold-based BTE applications in vitro and in vivo. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 4, 565, 2010.
18. Chan, B.P., Hui, T.Y., Wong, M.Y., Yip, K.H.K., and Chan, G.C.F. Mesenchymal stem cell-encapsulated collagen microspheres for BTE. Tissue Eng Part C-Methods 16, 225, 2010.
19. Weir, M.D., and Xu, H.H.K. Human bone marrow stem cell-encapsulating calcium phosphate scaffolds for bone repair. Acta Biomaterialia 6, 4118, 2010.
20. Zhu, S.J., Choi, B.H., Huh, J.Y., Jung, J.H., Kim, B.Y., and Lee, S.H. A comparative qualitative histological analysis of tissue-engineered bone using bone marrow mesenchymal SCs, alveolar bone cells, and periosteal cells. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 101, 164, 2006.
21. Kolambkar, Y.M., Peister, A., Ekaputra, A.K., Hutmacher, D.W., and Guldberg, R.E. Colonization and osteogenic differentiation of different stem. Tissue Eng Part A 16, 3219, 2010.
22. de Peppo, G.M., Sjovall, P., Lenneras, M., Strehl, R., Hyllner, J., Thomsen, P., and Karlsson, C. Osteogenic potential of human mesenchymal stem cells and human embryonic stem cell-derived mesodermal progenitors: a tissue engineering perspective.Tissue Eng Part A 16, 3413, 2010.
23. Montjovent, M.O., Burri, N., Mark, S., Federici, E., Scaletta, C., Zambelli, P.Y., et al. Fetal bone cells for tissue engineering. Bone 35, 1323, 2004.
24. de Bruijn, J.D., van den Brink, I., Mendes, S., Dekker, R., Bovell, Y.P., and van Blitterswijk, C.A. Bone induction by implants coated with cultured osteogenic bone marrow cells. Adv Dent Res 13, 74, 1999.
25. Luther, G., Wagner, E.R., Zhu, G., Kang, Q., Luo, Q., Lamplot, J., et al. BMP-9 induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells: molecular mechanism and therapeutic potential. Curr Gene Ther 11, 229, 2011.
26. Kang, S.W., La, W.G., Kang, J.M., Park, J.H., and Kim, B.S. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 enhances bone regeneration mediated by transplantation of osteogenically undifferentiated bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Biotechnol Lett 30, 1163, 2008.
27. Zheng, Y.H., Su, K., Jian, Y.T., Kuang, S.J., and Zhang, Z.G. Basic fibroblast growth factor enhances osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in coral scaffold constructs. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 5, 540, 2010.
28. Song, X., Liu, S., Qu, X., Hu, Y., Zhang, X., Wang, T., et al. BMP2 and VEGF promote angiogenesis but retard terminal differentiation of osteoblasts in bone regeneration by upregulating Id1. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 43, 796, 2011.
29. Yoon, D.S., Yoo, J.H., Kim, Y.H., Paik, S., Han, C.D., and Lee, J.W. The effects of COX-2 inhibitor during osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 19, 1523, 2010.
30. Kung, C. A possible unifying principle for mechanosensation. Nature 436, 647, 2005.
31. Aarden, E.M., Burger, E.H., and Nijweide, P.J. Function of osteocytes in bone. J Cell Biochem 55, 287, 1994.
32. Holtorf, H.L., Jansen, J.A., and Mikos, A.G. Flow perfusion culture induces the osteoblastic differentiation of marrow stroma cell-scaffold constructs in the absence of dexamethasone. J Biomed Mater Res A 72, 326, 2005.
33. Hong, L., Zhang, G., Sultana, H., Yu, Y., and Wei, Z. The effects of 17-beta estradiol on enhancing proliferation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in vitro. Stem Cells Dev 20, 925, 2011.
34. Ayaloglu-Butun, F., Terzioglu-Kara, E., Tokcaer-Keskin, Z., and Akcali, K. The effect of estrogen on bone marrowderived rat mesenchymal stem cell maintenance: inhibiting apoptosis through the expression of Bcl-x(L) and Bcl-2. Stem Cell Rev Rep 7, 1, 2011.
35. Choudry, F.A., and Mathur, A. Stem cell therapy in cardiology. Regen Med 6, 17, 2011.
36. Khan, M., Meduru, S., Gogna, R., Madan, E., Citro, L., Kuppusamy, M.L., et al. Oxygen cycling in conjunction with stem cell transplantation induces NOS3 expression leading to attenuation of fibrosis and improved cardiac function. Cardiovasc Res 93, 89, 2012.
37. Tzouvelekis, A., Antoniadis, A., and Bouros, D. Stem cell therapy in pulmonary fibrosis. Curr Opin Pulm Med 17, 368, 2011.
38. Yasuda, A., Tsuji, O., Shibata, S., Nori, S., Takano, M., Kobayashi, Y., et al. Significance of re-myelination by neural stem/progenitor cells transplanted into the injured spinal cord. Stem Cells 29, 1983, 2011.
39. Ban, D.X., Ning, G.Z., Feng, S.Q., Wang, Y., Zhou, X.H., Liu, Y., et al. Combination of activated Schwann cells with bone mesenchymal stem cells: the best cell strategy for repair after spinal cord injury in rats. Regen Med 6, 707, 2011.
40. Muschler, GF., Nitto, H., Matsukura, Y., Boehm, C., Valdevit, A., Kambic, H., et al. Spine fusion using cell matrix composites enriched in bone marrow-derived cells. Clin Orthop Relat Res 102, 2003.
41. Sheyn, D., Rüthemann, M., Mizrahi, O., Kallai, I., Zilberman, Y., Tawackoli, W., et al. Genetically modified mesenchymal stem cells induce mechanically stable posterior spine fusion. Tissue Eng Part A 16, 679, 2010.
42. Goldschlager, T., Ghosh, P., Zannettino, A., Williamson, M., Rosenfeld, J.V., Itescu, S., et al. A comparison of mesenchymal precursor cells and amnion epithelial cells for enhancing cervical interbody fusion in an ovine model. Neurosurgery 68, 1025, 2011.
43. Bruder, S.P., Kurth, A.A., Shea, M., Hayes, W.C., Jaiswal, N., and Kadiyala, S. Bone regeneration by implantation of purified, culture-expanded human mesenchymal stem cells. J Orthop Res 16, 155, 1998.
44. Bruder, S.P., Kraus, K.H., Goldberg, V.M., and Kadiyala, S. The effect of implants loaded with autologous mesenchymal stem cells on the healing of canine segmental bone defects. J Bone Joint Surg Am 80, 985, 1998.
45. Rombouts, W.J.C., and Ploemacher, R.E. Primary murine MSC show highly efficient homing to the bone marrow but lose homing ability following culture. Leukemia 17, 160, 2003.
46. Kumar, G., Wood, A.W., Anderson, V., McIntosh, R.L., Chen, Y.Y., and McKenzie, R.J. Evaluation of hematopoietic system effects after in vitro radiofrequency radiation exposure in rats. Int J Radiat Biol 96, 1, 2010.
47. Atesok, K., Li, R., Stewart, D.J., and Schemitsch, E.H. Endothelial progenitor cells promote fracture healing in a segmental bone defect model. J Orthop Res 28, 1007, 2010.
48. Field, J.R., McGee, M., Stanley, R., Ruthenbeck, G., Papadimitrakis, T., Zannettino, A., Gronthos, S., and Itescu, S. The efficacy of allogeneic mesenchymal precursor cells for the repair of an ovine tibial segmental defect. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 24, 113, 2011.
49. Krebsbach, P.H., Mankani, M.H., Satomura, K., Kuznetsov, S.A., and Robey, P.G. Repair of craniotomy defects using bone marrow stromal cells. Transplantation 66, 1272, 1998.
50. Terella, A., Mariner, P., Brown, N., Anseth, K., and Streubel, S.O. Repair of a calvarial defect with biofactor and stem cell-embedded polyethylene glycol scaffold. Arch Facial Plast Surg 12, 166, 2010.
51. Levi, B., James, A.W., Nelson, E.R., Hu, S., Sun, N., and Peng, M. Studies in adipose-derived stromal cells: migration and participation in repair of cranial injury after systemic injection. Plast Reconstr Surg 127, 1130, 2011.
52. Murphy, J.M., Fink, D.J., Hunziker, E.B., and Barry, F.P. Stem cell therapy in a caprine model of osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum 48, 3464, 2003.
53. Zellner, J.,Mueller,M., Berner, A., Dienstknecht, T., Kujat, R., Nerlich, M., Hennemann, B., Koller, M., Pranti, L., Angele, M., Angale, P. Role of mesenchymal stem cells in tissue engineering of meniscus. J Biomed Mater Res A. 94, 1150, 2010.
54. Arinzeh, T.L., Peter, S.J., Archambault, M.P., van den Bos, C., Gordon, S., Kraus, K., et al. Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells regenerate bone in a critical-sized canine segmental defect. J Bone Joint Surg Am 85-A, 1927, 2003.
55. Ponticiello, M.S., Schinagl, R.M., Kadiyala, S., and Barry, F.P. Gelatin-based resorbable sponge as a carrier matrix for human mesenchymal stem cells in cartilage regeneration therapy. J Biomed Mater Res 52, 246, 2000.
56. Asahara, T., Murohara, T., Sullivan, A., Silver, M., vanderZee, R., Li, T., et al. Isolation of putative progenitor endothelial cells for angiogenesis. Science 275, 964, 1997.
57. Darland, D.C., and D'Amore, P.A. TGFb is required for the formation of capillary-like structures in three-dimensional cocultures of 10T1/2 and endothelial cells. Angiogenesis 4, 11, 2001.
58. Tasso, R., Fais, F., Reverberi, D., Tortelli, F., and Cancedda, R. The recruitment of two consecutive and different waves of host stem/progenitor cells during the development of tissue-engineered bone in a murine model. Biomaterials 31, 2121, 2010.
59. Yi, W., Sun, Y., Wei, X.F., Gu, C.H., Dong, X.C., Kang, X.J., et al. Proteomic profiling of human bone marrow mesenchymal SCs under shear stress. Mol Cell Biochem 341, 9, 2010.
60. Wang, H.S., Hung, S.C., Peng, S.T., Huang, C.C., Wei, H.M., Guo, Y.J., et al. Mesenchymal SCs in the Wharton's jelly of the human umbilical cord. Stem Cells 22, 1330, 2004.
61. Hockin, H.K.X., Zhao, L., Detamore, M.S., Takagi, S., and Chow, L.C. Umbilical cord stem cell seeding on fastresorbable calcium phosphate bone cement. Tissue Eng Part A. 16, 2743, 2010.
62. Zhao, L.A., Weir, M.D., and Xu, H.H.K. An injectable calcium phosphate-alginate hydrogel-umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell paste for BTE. Biomaterials 31, 6502, 2010.
63. De Ugarte, D.A., Morizono, K., Elbarbary, A., Alfonso, Z., Zuk, P.A., Zhu, M., et al. Comparison of multi-lineage cells from human adipose tissue and bone marrow. Cells Tissues Organs 174, 101, 2003.
64. Dragoo, J.L., Lieberman, J.R., Lee, R.S., Deugarte, D.A., Lee, Y., Zuk, P.A., et al. Tissue-engineered bone from BMP-2- transduced SCs derived from human fat. Plast Reconstr Surg 115, 1665, 2005.
65. Lee, J.A., Parrett, B.M., Conejero, J.A., Laser, J., Chen, J., Kogon, A.J., et al. Biological alchemy: engineering bone and fat from fat-derived SCs. Ann Plast Surg 50, 610, 2003.
66. Guilak, F., Awad, H.A., Fermor, B., Leddy, H.A., and Gimble, J.M. Adipose-derived adult SCs for cartilage tissue engineering. Biorheology 41, 389, 2004.
67. Rada, T., Reis, R., and Gomes, M. Distinct SCs subpopulations isolated from human adipose tissue exhibit different chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation potential. Stem Cell Rev Rep 7, 64, 2010.
68. Rodriguez, A.M., Elabd, C., Delteil, F., Astier, J., Vernochet, C., Saint-Marc, P., et al. Adipocyte differentiation of multipotent cells established from human adipose tissue. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 315, 255, 2004.
69. Taha, M.F., and Hedayati, V. Isolation, identification and multipotential differentiation of mouse adipose tissuederived SCs. Tissue Cell 42, 211, 2010.
70. Zuk, P.A., Zhu, M., Mizuno, H., Huang, J., Futrell, J.W., Katz, A.J., et al. Multilineage cells from human adipose tissue: implications for cell-based therapies. Tissue Eng 7, 211, 2001.
71. Gronthos, S., Franklin, D.M., Leddy, H.A., Robey, P.G., Storms, R.W., and Gimble, J.M. Surface protein characterization of human adipose tissue-derived stromal cells. J Cell Physiol 189, 54, 2001.
72. McIntosh, K., Zvonic, S., Garrett, S., Mitchell, J.B., Floyd, Z.E., Hammill, L., et al. The immunogenicity of human adipose-derived cells: temporal changes in vitro. Stem Cells 24, 1246, 2006.
73. Mitchell, J.B., McIntosh, K., Zvonic, S., Garretta, S., Floyd, Z.E., Kloster, A., et al. Immunophenotype of human adipose- derived cells: temporal changes in stromal-associated and stem cell-associated markers. Stem Cells 24, 376, 2006.
74. Conejero, J.A., Lee, J.A., Parrett, B.M., Terry, M., Wear- Maggitti, K., Grant, R.T., et al. Repair of palatal bone defects using osteogenically differentiated fat-derived SCs. Plast Reconstr Surg 117, 857, 2006.
75. Mischen, B.T., Follmar, K.F., Moyer, K.E., Buehrer, B., Olbrich, K.C., Levin, L.S., et al. Metabolic and functional characterization of human adipose-derived SCs in tissue engineering. Plast Reconstr Surg 122, 725, 2008.
76. Ying, X., Cheng, S., Wang, W., Lin, Z., Chen, Q., Zhang, W., et al. Effect of lactoferrin on osteogenic differentiation of human adipose stem cells. Int Orthop PMID 21713451, 2011.
77. Estes, B.T., Diekman, B.O., Gimble, J.M., and Guilak, F. Isolation of adipose-derived SCs and their induction to a chondrogenic phenotype. Nat Protoc 5, 1294, 2010.
78. Patterson, T.E., Kumagai, K., Griffith, L., Muschler, and G.F. Cellular strategies for enhancement of fracture repair. J Bone Joint Surg Am 90, 111, 2008.
79. Miranville, A., Heeschen, C., Sengenes, C., Curat, C.A., Busse, R., and Bouloumie, A. Improvement of postnatal neovascularization by human adipose tissue-derived SCs. Circulation 110, 349, 2004.
80. Planat-Benard, V., Silvestre, J.S., Cousin, B., Andre, M., Nibbelink, M., Tamarat, R., et al. Plasticity of human adipose lineage cells toward endothelial cells: physiological and therapeutic perspectives. Circulation 109, 656, 2004.
81. Rivron, N.C., Liu, J., Rouwkema, J., de Boer, J., and van Blitterswijk, C.A. Engineering vascularised tissues in vitro. Eur Cells Mater 15, 27, 2008.
82. Rouwkema, J., Rivron, N.C., and van Blitterswijk, C.A. Vascularization in tissue engineering. Trends Biotechnol 26, 434, 2008.
83. DiMuzio, P., and Tulenko, T. Tissue engineering applications to vascular bypass graft development: the use of adipose- derived SCs. J Vasc Surg 45, 99, 2007.
84. Ning,H.X., Liu, G., Lin,G.T., Yang, R., Lue, T.F., and Lin, C.S. Fibroblast growth factor 2 promotes endothelial differentiation of adipose tissue-derived SCs. J Sex Med 6, 967, 2009.
85. Ohnishi, H., Oda, Y., Aoki, T., Tadokoro, M., Katsube, Y., Ohgushi, H., et al. A comparative study of induced pluripotent stem cells generated from frozen, stocked bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011 [Epub ahead of print]; doi: 10.1002/term.428.
86. Wissing, S., Munoz-Lopez, M., Macia, A., Yang, Z., Montano, M., Collins, W., et al. Reprogramming somatic cells into iPS cells activates LINE-1 retroelement mobility. Hum Mol Genet 21, 208, 2012.
87. Delisser, H.M., Newman, P.J., and Albelda, S.M. Molecular and functional aspects of PECAM-1/CD31. Immunol Today 15, 490, 1994.
88. Vecchi, A., Garlanda, C., Lampugnani, M.G., Resnati, M., Matteucci, C., Stoppacciaro, A., et al. Monoclonal antibodies specific for endothelial cells of mouse blood vessels. Their application in the identification of adult and embryonic endothelium. Eur J Cell Biol 63, 247, 1994.
89. Krause, D.S., Fackler, M.J., Civin, C.I., and May, W.S. CD34: structure, biology, and clinical utility. Blood 87, 1, 1996.
90. Grant, D.S., Tashiro, K.I., Segulreal, B., Yamada, Y., Martin, G.R., and Kleinman, H.K. Two different laminin domains mediate the differentiation of human endothelial cells into capillary-like structures in vitro. Cell 58, 933, 1989.
91. Schechner, J.S., Nath, A.K., Zheng, L., Kluger, M.S., Hughes, C.C.W., Sierra-Honigmannn, M.R., et al. In vivo formation of complex microvessels lined by human endothelial cells in an immunodeficient mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97, 9191, 2000.
92. Levenberg, S., Rouwkema, J., Macdonald, M., Garfein, E.S., Kohane, D.S., Darland, D.C., et al. Engineering vascularized skeletal muscle tissue. Nat Biotechnol 23, 879, 2005.
93. Grellier, M., Granja, P.L., Fricain, J.C., Bidarra, S.J., Renard, M., Bareille, R., et al. The effect of the co-immobilization of human osteoprogenitors and endothelial cells within alginate microspheres on mineralization in a bone defect. Biomaterials 30, 3271, 2009.
94. Kadar, K., Kiraly, M., Porcsalmy, B., Molnar, B., Racz, G.Z., Blazsek, J., et al. Differentiation potential of SCs from human dental origin-promise for tissue engineering. J Physiol Pharmacol 60, 167, 2009.
95. Miura, M., Gronthos, S., Zhao, M.R., Lu, B., Fisher, L.W., Robey, P.G., et al. SHED: SCs from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100, 5807, 2003.
96. Petrovic, V., and Stefanovic, V. Dental tissue-new source for SCs. ScientificWorldJournal 9, 1167, 2009.
97. Breitbart, A.S., Grande, D.A., Kessler, R., Ryaby, J.T., Fitzsimmons, R.J., and Grant, R.T. Tissue engineered bone repair of calvarial defects using cultured periosteal cells. Plast Reconstr Surg 101, 567, 1998.
98. Perka, C., Schultz, O., Spitzer, R.S., Lindenhayn, K., Burmester, G.R., and Sittinger, M. Segmental bone repair by tissue-engineered periosteal cell transplants with bioresorbable fleece and fibrin scaffolds in rabbits. Biomaterials 21, 1145, 2000.
99. Agata, H., Asahina, I., Yamazaki, Y., Uchida, M., Shinohara, Y., Honda, M.J., et al. Effective bone engineering with periosteum-derived cells. J Dent Res 86, 79, 2007.
100. Stockmann, P, Park, J., von Wilmowsky, C., Nkenke, E., Felszeghy, E., Dehner, J.F., et al. Guided bone regeneration in pig calvarial bone defects using autologous mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells-A comparison of different tissue sources. J Craniomaxillofac Surg PMID 21723141, 2011.
101. Yoshii, T., Sotome, S., Torigoe, I., Maehara, H., Sugata, Y., Yamada, T., et al. Isolation of osteogenic progenitor cells from trabecular bone for BTE. Tissue Eng Part A 16, 933, 2010.