Vitamin D and HIV progression among Tanzanian adults initiating antiretroviral therapy

PLoS ONE

Volumn 7, Issue 6, 2012, Pages

  Sudfeld, Christopher R ^a   Wang, Molin ^a   Aboud, Said ^b   Giovannucci, Edward L ^a,c   Mugusi, Ferdinand M ^b   Fawzi, Wafaie W ^a  

^a HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH   (United States)

^b MUHIMBILI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH AND ALLIED SCIENCES   (Tanzania)

^c BRIGHAM AND WOMEN S HOSPITAL   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

25 HYDROXYVITAMIN D; ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; ANTIRETROVIRUS AGENT; ASCORBIC ACID; CD4 ANTIGEN; EFAVIRENZ; LAMIVUDINE; MULTIVITAMIN; NEVIRAPINE; STAVUDINE; VITAMIN B COMPLEX; ZIDOVUDINE;

ADULT; AGE DISTRIBUTION; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; DISEASE COURSE; DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY; DRUG SUBSTITUTION; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MORTALITY; PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY; RISK FACTOR; SEASONAL VARIATION; TANZANIA; VITAMIN BLOOD LEVEL; VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY;

ADULT; ANTI-HIV AGENTS; ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, HIGHLY ACTIVE; CD4 LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; COHORT STUDIES; DISEASE PROGRESSION; FEMALE; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; KAPLAN-MEIER ESTIMATE; MALE; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; RISK FACTORS; TANZANIA; VITAMIN D;

EID: 84863111779     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040036     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. Global HIV/AIDS Response, (2011) Epidemic update and health sector progress towards Universal Access. Available:www.who.int/hiv/pub/progress_report2011/en/index.html. Accessed 2012 Feb 3.
2. Braitstein P, Brinkhof MW, Dabis F, Schechter M, Boulle A, et al. (2006) Mortality of HIV-1 infected patients in the first year of antiretroviral therapy: comparison between low-income and high-income countries. Lancet 367: 817-824.
3. Ivers LC, Kendrick D, Doucette K, (2005) Efficacy of antiretroviral therapy programs in resource-poor settings: a meta-analysis of the published literature. Clin Infect Dis 41: 217-224.
4. Deluca HF, Cantorna MT, (2001) Vitamin D: its role and uses in immunology. FASEB J 15: 2579-2585.
5. Kamen DL, Tangpricha V, (2010) Vitamin D and molecular actions on the immune system: modulation of innate and autoimmunity. J Mol Med 88: 441-450.
6. Fabri M, Stenger S, Shin DM, Yuk JM, Liu PT, et al. (2011) Vitamin D Is Required for IFN-{gamma}-Mediated Antimicrobial Activity of Human Macrophages. Sci Transl Med 3: 104ra102.
7. Yang S, Smith C, Prahl JM, Luo X, DeLuca HF, (1993) Vitamin D deficiency suppresses cell-mediated immunity in vivo. Arch Biochem Biophys 303: 98-106.
8. Bar-Shavit Z, Noff D, Edelstein S, Meyer M, Shibolet S, et al. (1981) 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and the regulation of macrophage function. Calcif Tissue Int 33: 673-676.
9. Wang TT, Nestel FP, Bourdeau V, Nagai Y, Wang Q, et al. (2004) Cutting edge: 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is a direct inducer of antimicrobial peptide gene expression. J Immunol 173: 2909-2912.
10. Villamor E, (2006) A potential role for vitamin D on HIV infection? Nutr Rev 64: 226-233.
11. Kovesdy CP, Ahmadzadeh S, Anderson JE, Kalantar-Zadeh K, (2008) Association of activated vitamin D treatment and mortality in chronic kidney disease. Arch Intern Med 168: 397-403.
12. Souberbielle JC, Body JJ, Lappe JM, Plebani M, Shoenfeld Y, et al. (2010) Vitamin D and musculoskeletal health, cardiovascular disease, autoimmunity and cancer: recommendations for clinical practice. Autoimmunity Rev 9: 709-715.
13. Vescini F, Cozzi-Lepri A, Borderi M, Re MC, Maggiolo F, et al. (2011) Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and factors associated with vitamin D deficiency and morbidity among HIV-infected patients enrolled in a large Italian cohort. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 58: 163-72.
14. Haug C, Muller F, Aukrust P, Froland SS, (1994) Subnormal serum concentration of 1,25-vitamin D in human immunodeficiency virus infection: correlation with degree of immune deficiency and survival. J Infect Dis 169: 889-893.
15. Holick MF, (2009) Vitamin D status: measurement, interpretation, and clinical application. Ann Epidemiol 19: 73-8.
16. Mehta S, Giovanucci E, Mugusi FM, Spiegelman D, Aboud S, et al. (2010) Vitamin D status of HIV-infected women and its association with HIV disease progression, anemia, and mortality. PLoS One 5: e8770.
17. Mehta S, Hunter DJ, Mugusi FM, Spiegelman D, Manji KP, et al. (2009) Perinatal outcomes, including mother-to-child transmission of HIV, and child mortality and their association with maternal vitamin D status in Tanzania. J Infect Dis 200: 1022-1030.
18. Mehta S, Mugusi FM, Spiegelman D, Villamor E, Finkelstein JL, et al. (2011) Vitamin D status and its association with morbidity including wasting and opportunistic illnesses in HIV-infected women in Tanzania. AIDS Patient Care STDS 25: 579-85.
19. Yin M, Stein E, (2011) The effect of antiretrovirals on vitamin D. Clin Infect Dis 52: 406-8.
20. Brannon PM, Picciano MF, (2011) Vitamin D in pregnancy and lactation in humans. Annu Rev Nutr 21 31: 89-115.
21. Viard JP, Souberbielle JC, Kirk O, Reekie J, Knysz B, et al. (2011) Vitamin D and clinical disease progression in HIV infection: results from the EuroSIDA study. AIDS 25: 1305-15.
22. Braitstein P, Brinkhof MW, Dabis F, Schechter M, Boulle A, et al. (2006) Mortality of HIV-1-infected patients in the first year of antiretroviral therapy: comparison between low-income and high-income countries. Lancet 367: 817-24.
23. World Health Organization (2004) Scaling up antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings: treatment guidelines for a public health approach. Geneva: World Health Organization.
24. Lensmeyer GL, Wiebe DA, Binkley N, Drezner MK, (2006) HPLC method for 25-hydroxyvitamin D measurement: comparison with contemporary assays. Clin Chem 52: 1120-6.
25. Wacholder S, (1986) Binomial regression in GLIM: Estimating risk ratios and risk differences. Am J Epidemiol 123: 174-184.
26. Spiegelman D, Hertzmark E, (2005) Easy SAS calculations for risk or prevalence ratios and differences. Am J Epidemiol 162, 199-200.
27. Zou G, (2004) A modified Poisson regression approach to prospective studies with binary data. Am J Epidemiol 159: 702-706.
28. Cox D, (1972) Regression models and life tables. J Royal Stat Soc 34: 187-220.
29. Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Giovannucci E, Willett WC, Dietrich T, Dawson-Hughes B, (2006) Estimation of optimal serum concentrations of 25- hydroxyvitamin D for multiple health outcomes. Am J Clin Nutr 84: 18-28.
30. Holick MF, (2007) Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med 357: 266-281.
31. Heaney RP, (2004) Functional indices of vitamin D status and ramifications of vitamin D deficiency. Am J Clin Nutr 80: 1706S-1709S.
32. Institute of Medicin (2011) Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
33. Hansen KE, Jones AN, Lindstrom MJ, Davis LA, Engelke JA, et al. (2008) Vitamin D insufficiency: disease or no disease? J Bone Miner Res 23: 1052-1060.
34. Durrleman S, Simon R, (1989) Flexible regression models with cubic splines. Stat Med 8: 551-561.
35. Govindarajulu US, Spiegelman D, Thurston SW, Ganguli B, Eisen EA, (2007) Comparing smoothing techniques in Cox models for exposure-response relationships. Stat Med 26: 3735-52.
36. Miettinen O, (1985) Theoretical Epidemiology. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
37. Mora JR, Iwata M, von Andrian UH, (2008) Vitamin effects on the immune system; vitamins A and D take centre stage. Nature Rev Immunol 8: 685-698.
38. Liu PT, Stenger S, Li H, Wenzel L, Tan BH, et al. (2006) Toll-like receptor triggering of a vitamin D-mediated human antimicrobial response. Science 311: 1773-3.
39. Wang TT, Nestel FP, Bourdeau V, Nagai Y, Wang Q, et al. (2004) Cutting edge: 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 is a direct inducer of antimicrobial peptide gene expression. J Immunol 173: 2909-2912.
40. Gombart AF, Borregaard N, Koeffler HP, (2005) Human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) gene is a direct target of the vitamin D receptor and is strongly up-regulated in myeloid cells by 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. FASEB J 19: 1067-1077.
41. Rigby WF, Stacy T, Fanger MW, (1984) Inhibition of T lymphocyte mitogenesis by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol). J Clin Invest 74: 1451-1455.
42. Alroy I, Towers TL, Freedman LP, (1995) Transcriptional repression of the interleukin-2 gene by vitamin D3: direct inhibition of NFATp/AP-1 complex formation by a nuclear hormone receptor. Mol Cell Biol 15: 5789-5799.
43. Welz T, Childs K, Ibrahim F, Poulton M, Taylor CB, et al. (2010) Efavirenz is associated with severe vitamin D deficiency and increased alkaline phosphatase. AIDS 24: 1923-8.
44. Stein EM, Yin MT, McMahon DJ, Shu A, Zhang CA, et al. (2011) Vitamin D deficiency in HIV-infected postmenopausal Hispanic and African-American women. Osteoporos Int. 22: 477-87.
45. Haug CJ, Aukrust P, Haug E, Mørkrid L, Müller F, et al. (1998) Severe deficiency of 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 in human immunodeficiency virus infection: Association with immunological hyperactivity and only minor changes in calcium homeostasis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83: 3832-3838.
46. Martineau AR, (2012) Old wine in new bottles: vitamin D in the treatment and prevention of tuberculosis. Proc Nutr Soc 71: 84-9.
47. Van Den Bout-Van Den Beukel CJ, Fievez L, Michels M, Sweep FC, Hermus AR, et al. (2008) Vitamin D deficiency among HIV type 1-infected individuals in the Netherlands: effects of antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 24: 1375-82.
48. Ross AC, Judd S, Kumari M, Hileman C, Storer N, et al. (2011) Vitamin D is linked to carotid intima-media thickness and immune reconstitution in HIV-positive individuals. Antivir Ther 16: 555-63.
49. Glymour MM, Weuve J, Berkman LF, Kawachi I, Robins JM, (2005) When is baseline adjustment useful in analyses of change? An example with education and cognitive change. Am J Epidemiol 162: 267-78.
50. Arpadi SM, McMahon D, Abrams EJ, Bamji M, Purswani M, et al. (2009) Effect of bimonthly supplementation with oral cholecalciferol on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in HIV-infected children and adolescents. Pediatrics 121-126.
51. Kakalia S, Sochett EB, Stephens D, Assor E, Read SE, et al. (2011) Vitamin D Supplementation and CD4 Count in Children Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus. J Pediatr 159: 951-947.
52. Overbergh L, Decallonne B, Waer M, Rutgeerts O, Valckx D, et al. (2000) 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 induces an autoantigen-specific T-helper 1/T-helper 2 immune shift in NOD mice immunized with GAD65. Diabetes 49: 1301-1307.
53. Bhalla AK, Amento EP, Serog B, Glimcher LH, (1984) 1, 25- Dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits antigen-induced T cell activation. J Immunol 133: 1748-1754.
54. Boonstra A, Barrat FJ, Crain C, Heath VL, Savelkoul HF, et al. (2001) A1alpha, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin d3 has a direct effect on naive CD4(+) T cells to enhance the development of Th2 cells. J Immunol 169: 4974-4980.
55. Tang J, Zhou R, Luger D, Zhu W, Silver PB, et al. (2009) Calcitriol suppresses antiretinal autoimmunity through inhibitory effects on the Th17 effector response. J Immunol 182: 4624-4632.
56. Lemire JM, Adams JS, Sakai R, Jordan SC, (1984) 1 alpha, 25- dihydroxyvitamin D3 suppresses proliferation and immunoglobulin production by normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J Clin Invest 74: 657-661.
57. Chen S, Sims GP, Chen XX, Gu YY, Chen S, et al. (2007) Modulatory effects of 1, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 on human B cell differentiation. J Immunol 179: 1634-47.
58. Tang J, Zhou R, Luger D, Zhu W, Silver PB, Grajewski RS, et al. (2009) Calcitriol suppresses antiretinal autoimmunity through inhibitory effects on the Th17 effector response. J Immunol 182: 4624-4632.
59. Gorman S, Kuritzky LA, Judge MA, Dixon KM, McGlade JP, et al. (2007) Topically applied 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 enhances the suppressive activity of CD4+ CD25+ cells in the draining lymph nodes. J Immunol 179: 6273-6283.
60. Deeks SG, (2009) Immune dysfunction, inflammation, and accelerated aging in patients on antiretroviral therapy. Top HIV Med 17: 118-23.
61. Kuller LH, Tracy R, Belloso W, De Wit S, Drummond F, et al. (2008) Inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers and mortality in patients with HIV infection. PLoS Med 5: e203.
62. Overton ET, Yin MT, (2011) The Rapidly Evolving Research on Vitamin D Among HIV-Infected Populations. Curr Infect Dis Rep 13: 83-93.
63. Brown TT, McComsey GA, (2010) Association between initiation of antiretroviral therapy with efavirenz and decreases in 25- hydroxyvitamin D. Antivir Ther 15: 425-429.
64. Fox J, Peters B, Prakash M, Arribas J, Hill A, et al. (2011) Improvement in vitamin D deficiency following antiretroviral regime change: results from the MONET trial. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 27: 29-34.
65. Cozzolino M, Vidal M, Arcidiacono MV, Tebas P, Yarasheski KE, et al. (2003) HIV protease inhibitors impair vitamin D bioactivation to 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D. AIDS 17: 513-520.
66. Dao CN, Patel P, Overton ET, Rhame F, Pals SL, et al. (2011) Low vitamin D among HIV-infected adults: prevalence of and risk factors for low vitamin D Levels in a cohort of HIV-infected adults and comparison to prevalence among adults in the US general population. Clin Infect Dis 52: 396-405.
67. Ross AC, Manson JE, Abrams SA, Aloia JF, Brannon PM, et al. (2011) The 2011 report on dietary reference intakes for calcium and vitamin D form the Institute of Medicine: what clinicians need to know. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 96: 53-58.
68. Terrier B, Carrat F, Geri G, Pol S, Piroth L, et al. (2011) Low 25-OH vitamin D serum levels correlate with severe fibrosis in HIV-HCV co-infected patients with chronic hepatitis. J Hepatol 55: 756-61.
69. Realegeno S, Modlin RL, (2011) Shedding light on the vitamin D-tuberculosis-HIV connection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108: 18861-2.