Extrafollicular dermal melanocyte stem cells and melanoma

Stem Cells International

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages

  Hoerter, James D ^a   Bradley, Patrick ^a   Casillas, Alexandria ^a   Chambers, Danielle ^a   Denholm, Carli ^a   Johnson, Kimberly ^a   Weiswasser, Brandon ^a  

^a FERRIS STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

MICROPHTHALMIA ASSOCIATED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; NOTCH RECEPTOR; STEM CELL FACTOR RECEPTOR; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR PAX3; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR SOX10; WNT PROTEIN;

BASEMENT MEMBRANE; CANCER GROWTH; CANCER PROGNOSIS; CANCER STEM CELL; CELL DAMAGE; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CELL LINEAGE; CELL MANIPULATION; CELL POPULATION; CELL RENEWAL; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; EXTRAFOLLICULAR DERMAL MELANOCYTE STEM CELL; GENE; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; HUMAN; HUMAN VERSUS ANIMAL COMPARISON; INTRACELLULAR SIGNALING; MELANOMA; MICROPHTHALMIA ASSOCIATED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR GENE; NONHUMAN; NOTCH GENE; ONCOGENE C KIT; PAX3 GENE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REVIEW; SOX10 GENE; STEM CELL; STEM CELL EXPANSION; WNT GENE; ZEBRA FISH;

EID: 84862288722     PISSN: None     EISSN: 16879678     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2012/407079     Document Type: Review

References (118)

1. Jemal A., Siegel R., Ward E., Murray T., Xu J., Thun M. J., Cancer statistics, 2007 Ca-A Cancer Journal for Clinicians 2007 57 1 43 66 (Pubitemid 46148091)
2. Weatherhead S. C., Haniffa M., Lawrence C. M., Melanomas arising from naevi and de novo melanomasdoes origin matter? British Journal of Dermatology 2007 156 1 72 76 (Pubitemid 44924147)
3. Bevona C., Goggins W., Quinn T., Fullerton J., Tsao H., Corona R., Cutaneous melanomas associated with nevi Archives of Dermatology 2003 139 12 1620 1624 (Pubitemid 37523082)
4. Gaggioli C., Sahai E., Melanoma invasioncurrent knowledge and future directions Pigment Cell Research 2007 20 3 161 172 (Pubitemid 46776380)
5. Santoriello C., Gennaro E., Anelli V., Distel M., Kelly A., Kster R. W., Hurlstone A., Mione M., Kita driven expression of oncogenic HRAS leads to early onset and highly penetrant melanoma in zebrafish PLoS ONE 2010 5 12 1 11
6. Grichnik J. M., Ali W. N., Burch J. A., Byers J. D., Garcia C. A., Clark R. E., Shea C. R., KIT expression reveals a population of precursor melanocytes in human skin Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1996 106 5 967 971 (Pubitemid 26153499)
7. Li N., Fukunaga-Kalabis M., Yu H., Xu X., Kong J., Lee J. T., Herlyn M., Human dermal stem cells differentiate into functional epidermal melanocytes Journal of Cell Science 2010 123 6 853 860
8. Li L., Fukunaga-Kalabis M., Herlyn M., Isolation and cultivation of dermal stem cells that differentiate into functional epidermal melanocytes Methods in Molecular Biology 2012 806 15 29
9. Zabierowski S. E., Fukunaga-Kalabis M., Li L., Herlyn M., Dermis-derived stem cells: a source of epidermal melanocytes and melanoma? Pigment Cell and Melanoma Research 2011 24 3 422 429
10. Kyrgidis A., Tzellos T. G., Triaridis S., Melanoma: stem cells, sun exposure and hallmarks for carcinogenesis, molecular concepts and future clinical implications Journal of Carcinogenesis 2010 9, article no. 3
11. Grichnik J. M., Burch J. A., Schulteis R. D., Shan S., Liu J., Darrow T. L., Vervaert C. E., Seigler H. F., Melanoma, a tumor based on a mutant stem cell? Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2006 126 1 142 153 (Pubitemid 43336106)
12. Westerhof W., The discovery of the human melanocyte Pigment Cell Research 2006 19 3 183 193 (Pubitemid 43742838)
13. Hadley M. E., Quevedo W. C., Vertebrate epidermal melanin unit Nature 1966 209 5030 1334 1335
14. Jimbow K., Quevedo W. C., Fitzpatrick T. B., Szabo G., Some aspects of melanin biology: 19501975 Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1976 67 1 72 89
15. Jimbow K., Roth S. I., Fitzpatrick T. B., Szabo G., Mitotic activity in non neoplastic melanocytes in vivo as determined by histochemical autoradiographic and electron microscope studies Journal of Cell Biology 1975 66 3 663 671
16. Herlyn M., Rodeck U., Mancianti M. L., Expression of melanoma-associated antigens in rapidly dividing human melanocytes in culture Cancer Research 1987 47 12 3057 3061 (Pubitemid 17082623)
17. Eisinger M., Marko O., Selective proliferation of normal human melanocytes in vitro in the presence of phorbol ester and cholera toxin Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 1982 79 6 I 2018 2022 (Pubitemid 12088560)
18. Scott G. A., Haake A. R., Keratinocytes regulate melanocyte number in human fetal and neonatal skin equivalents Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1991 97 5 776 781
19. Valyi-Nagy I. T., Murphy G. F., Mancianti M. L., Whitaker D., Herlyn M., Phenotypes and interactions of human melanocytes and keratinocytes in an epidermal reconstruction model Laboratory Investigation 1990 62 3 314 324 (Pubitemid 20124267)
20. Valyi-Nagy I. T., Hirka G., Jensen P. J., Shih I. M., Juhasz I., Herlyn M., Undifferentiated keratinocytes control growth, morphology, and antigen expression of normal melanocytes through cell-cell contact Laboratory Investigation 1993 69 2 152 159 (Pubitemid 23262495)
21. Fitzpatrick T. B., Breathnach A. S., The epidermal melanin unit system Dermatologische Wochenschrift 1963 147 481 489
22. Frenk E., Schellhorn J. P., Morphology of the epidermal melanin unit Dermatologica 1969 139 4 271 277
23. Haass N. K., Herlyn M., Normal human melanocyte homeostasis as a paradigm for understanding melanoma The Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2005 10 2 153 163
24. Cramer S. F., The neoplastic development of malignant melanoma. A biological rationale American Journal of Dermatopathology 1984 6 1 299 308 (Pubitemid 15204847)
25. Cramer S. F., The histogenesis of acquired melanocytic nevi. Based on a new concept of melanocytic differentiation American Journal of Dermatopathology 1984 6 1 289 298 (Pubitemid 15204846)
26. Cramer S. F., The melanocytic differentiation pathway in congenital melanocytic nevi: theoretical considerations Pediatric Pathology 1988 8 3 253 265
27. Cramer S. F., Stem cells for epidermal melanocytes-a challenge for students of dermatopathology American Journal of Dermatopathology 2009 31 4 331 341
28. Dupin E., Glavieux C., Vaigot P., Le Douarin N. M., Endothelin 3 induces the reversion of melanocytes to glia through a neural crest-derived glial-melanocytic progenitor Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2000 97 14 7882 7887 (Pubitemid 30460742)
29. Dupin E., Real C., Glavieux-Pardanaud C., Vaigot P., Le Douarin N. M., Reversal of developmental restrictions in neural crest lineages: transition from Schwann cells to glial-melanocytic precursors in vitro Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2003 100 9 5229 5233 (Pubitemid 36542687)
30. Nichols D. H., Kaplan R. A., Weston J. A., Melanogenesis in cultures of peripheral nervous tissue. II. Environmental factors determining the fate of pigment-forming cells Developmental Biology 1977 60 1 226 237 (Pubitemid 8185574)
31. Nichols D. H., Weston J. A., Melanogenesis in cultures of peripheral nervous tissue. I. The origin and prospective fate of cells giving rise to melanocytes Developmental Biology 1977 60 1 217 225 (Pubitemid 8185573)
32. Sherman L., Stocker K. M., Morrison R., Ciment G., Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) acts intracellularly to cause the transdifferentiation of avian neural crest-derived Schwann cell precursors into melanocytes Development 1993 118 4 1313 1326 (Pubitemid 23252418)
33. Ernfors P., Cellular origin and developmental mechanisms during the formation of skin melanocytes Experimental Cell Research 2010 316 8 1397 1407
34. Yu Y., Flint A., Dvorin E. L., Bischoff J., AC133-2, a novel isoform of human AC133 stem cell antigen Journal of Biological Chemistry 2002 277 23 20711 20716 (Pubitemid 34967375)
35. Lerner A. B., Nordlund J. J., Vitiligo: the loss of pigment in skin, hair and eyes Journal of Dermatology 1978 5 1 1 8 (Pubitemid 8336041)
36. Cui J., Shen L. Y., Wang G. C., Role of hair follicles in the repigmentation of vitiligo Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1991 97 3 410 416
37. Tryon R. C., Higdon C. W., Johnson S. L., Lineage relationship of direct-developing melanocytes and melanocyte stem cells in the zebrafish PLoS ONE 2011 6 6
38. O'Reilly-Pol T., Johnson S. L., Neocuproine ablates melanocytes in adult zebrafish Zebrafish 2008 5 4 257 264
39. O'Reilly-Pol T., Johnson S. L., Melanocyte regeneration reveals mechanisms of adult stem cell regulation Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology 2009 20 1 117 124
40. Yang C. T., Johnson S. L., Small molecule-induced ablation and subsequent regeneration of larval zebrafish melanocytes Development 2006 133 18 3563 3573 (Pubitemid 44636889)
41. Budi E. H., Patterson L. B., Parichy D. M., Post-embryonic nerve-associated precursors to adult pigment cells: genetic requirements and dynamics of morphogenesis and differentiation PLoS Genetics 2011 7 5
42. Staricco R. G., Amelanotic melanocytes in the outer sheath of the human hair follicle and their role in the repigmentation of regenerated epidermis Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1963 100 239 255
43. Nishimura E. K., Melanocyte stem cells: a melanocyte reservoir in hair follicles for hair and skin pigmentation Pigment Cell and Melanoma Research 2011 24 3 401 410
44. Yajima I., Kumasaka M. Y., Thang N. D., Goto Y., Takeda K., Iida M., Ohgami N., Tamura H., Yamanoshita O., Kawamoto Y., Furukawa K., Kato M., Molecular network associated with MITF in skin melanoma development and progression Journal of Skin Cancer 2011 2011 7
45. Goding C. R., Mitf from neural crest to melanoma: signal transduction and transcription in the melanocyte lineage Genes and Development 2000 14 14 1712 1728 (Pubitemid 30602990)
46. Steingrmsson E., Copeland N. G., Jenkins N. A., Melanocytes and the Microphthalmia transcription factor network Annual Review of Genetics 2004 38 365 411 (Pubitemid 40013733)
47. Widlund H. R., Fisher D. E., Microphthalamia-associated transcription factor: a critical regulator of pigment cell development and survival Oncogene 2003 22 20 3035 3041 (Pubitemid 36713753)
48. Nishimura E. K., Jordan S. A., Oshima H., Yoshida H., Osawa M., Moriyama M., Jackson I. J., Barrandon Y., Miyachit Y., Nishikawa S. I., Dominant role of the niche in melanocyte stem-cell fate determination Nature 2002 416 6883 854 860 (Pubitemid 34453742)
49. Nishimura E. K., Granter S. R., Fisher D. E., Mechanisms of hair graying: incomplete melanocyte stem cell maintenance in the niche Science 2005 307 5710 720 724 (Pubitemid 40194641)
50. Wegner M., Secrets to a healthy Sox life: lessons for melanocytes Pigment Cell Research 2005 18 2 74 85 (Pubitemid 40445043)
51. Watanabe A., Takeda K., Ploplis B., Tachibana M., Epistatic relationship between Waardenburg syndrome genes MITF and PAX3 Nature Genetics 1998 18 3 283 286 (Pubitemid 28117270)
52. Verastegui C., Bille K., Ortonne J. P., Ballotti R., Regulation of the Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor gene by the Waardenburg syndrome type 4 gene, SOX10 Journal of Biological Chemistry 2000 275 40 30757 30760
53. Lang D., Epstein J. A., Sox10 and Pax3 physically interact to mediate activation of a conserved c-RET enhancer Human Molecular Genetics 2003 12 8 937 945 (Pubitemid 36504036)
54. Bondurand N., Pingault V., Goerich D. E., Lemort N., Sock E., Le Caignec C., Wegner M., Goossens M., Interaction among SOX10, PAX3 and MITF, three genes altered in Waardenburg syndrome Human Molecular Genetics 2000 9 13 1907 1917 (Pubitemid 30642654)
55. Lang D., Powell S. K., Plummer R. S., Young K. P., Ruggeri B. A., PAX genes: roles in development, pathophysiology, and cancer Biochemical Pharmacology 2007 73 1 1 14 (Pubitemid 44868976)
56. Kubic J. D., Young K. P., Plummer R. S., Ludvik A. E., Lang D., Pigmentation PAX-ways: the role of Pax3 in melanogenesis, melanocyte stem cell maintenance, and disease Pigment Cell and Melanoma Research 2008 21 6 627 645
57. Lang D., Lu M. M., Huang L., Engleka K. A., Zhang M., Chu E. Y., Lipner S., Skoultchi A., Millar S. E., Epstein J. A., Pax3 functions at a nodal point in melanocyte stem cell differentiation Nature 2005 433 7028 884 887 (Pubitemid 40314899)
58. Schepsky A., Bruser K., Gunnarsson G. J., Goodall J., Hallsson J. H., Goding C. R., Steingrimsson E., Hecht A., The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor Mitf interacts with -catenin to determine target gene expression Molecular and Cellular Biology 2006 26 23 8914 8927 (Pubitemid 44851949)
59. Aubin-Houzelstein G., Djian-Zaouche J., Bernex F., Gadin S., Delmas V., Larue L., Panthier J. J., Melanoblasts' proper location and timed differentiation depend on Notch/RBP-J signaling in postnatal hair follicles Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2008 128 11 2686 2695
60. Osawa M., Fisher D. E., Notch and melanocytes: diverse outcomes from a single signal Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2008 128 11 2571 2574
61. Li N., Clevers H., Coexistence of quiescent and active adult stem cells in mammals Science 2010 327 5965 542 545
62. King R., Weilbaecher K. N., McGill G., Cooley E., Mihm M., Fisher D. E., Microphthalmia transcription factor: a sensitive and specific melanocyte marker for melanoma diagnosis American Journal of Pathology 1999 155 3 731 738 (Pubitemid 29426819)
63. Levy C., Khaled M., Fisher D. E., MITF: master regulator of melanocyte development and melanoma oncogene Trends in Molecular Medicine 2006 12 9 406 414 (Pubitemid 44291572)
64. Cheli Y., Guiliano S., Botton T., Rocchi S., Hofman V., Hofman P., Bahadoran P., Bertolotto C., Ballotti R., Mitf is the key molecular switch between mouse or human melanoma initiating cells and their differentiated progeny Oncogene 2011 30 20 2307 2318
65. Taylor K. L., Lister J. A., Zeng Z., Ishizaki H., Anderson C., Kelsh R. N., Jackson I. J., Elizabeth Patton E., Differentiated melanocyte cell division occurs in vivo and is promoted by mutations in Mitf Development 2011 138 16 3579 3589
66. Medic S., Ziman M., PAX3 expression in normal skin Melanocytes and Melanocytic lesions (Naevi and Melanomas) PLoS ONE 2010 5 4
67. Hornyak T. J., Hayes D. J., Chiu L. Y., Ziff E. B., Transcription factors in melanocyte development: distinct roles for Pax-3 and Mitf Mechanisms of Development 2001 101 1-2 47 59 (Pubitemid 32186309)
68. Lacosta A. M., Canudas J., Gonzlez C., Muniesa P., Sarasa M., Domnguez L., Pax7 identifies neural crest, chromatophore lineages and pigment stem cells during zebrafish development International Journal of Developmental Biology 2007 51 4 327 331 (Pubitemid 46997593)
69. Wong C. E., Paratore C., Dours-Zimmermann M. T., Rochat A., Pietri T., Suter U., Zimmermann D. R., Dufour S., Thiery J. P., Meijer D., Beermann F., Barrandon Y., Sommer L., Neural crest-derived cells with stem cell features can be traced back to multiple lineages in the adult skin Journal of Cell Biology 2006 175 6 1005 1015 (Pubitemid 44969205)
70. Parichy D. M., Turner J. M., Parker N. B., Essential role for puma in development of postembryonic neural crest-derived cell lineages in zebrafish Developmental Biology 2003 256 2 221 241 (Pubitemid 36390095)
71. Weeraratna A. T., Jiang Y., Hostetter G., Rosenblatt K., Duray P., Bittner M., Trent J. M., Wnt5a signaling directly affects cell motility and invasion of metastatic melanoma Cancer Cell 2002 1 3 279 288 (Pubitemid 41039152)
72. Rabbani P., Takeo M., Chou W., Myung P., Bosenberg M., Chin L., Taketo M. M., Ito M., Coordinated activation of wnt in epithelial and melanocyte stem cells initiates pigmented hair regeneration Cell 2011 145 6 941 955
73. Stoick-Cooper C. L., Weidinger G., Riehle K. J., Hubbert C., Major M. B., Fausto N., Moon R. T., Distinct Wnt signaling pathways have opposing roles in appendage regeneration Development 2007 134 3 479 489 (Pubitemid 46332485)
74. Balint K., Xiao M., Pinnix C. C., Soma A., Veres I., Juhasz I., Brown E. J., Capobianco A. J., Herlyn M., Liu Z. J., Activation of Notch1 signaling is required for -catenin-mediated human primary melanoma progression Journal of Clinical Investigation 2005 115 11 3166 3176 (Pubitemid 41567581)
75. Zabierowski S. E., Baubet V., Himes B., Li L., Fukunaga-Kalabis M., Patel S., McDaid R., Guerra M., Gimotty P., Dahamne N., Herlyn M., Direct reprogramming of melanocytes to neural crest stem-like cells by one defined factor Stem Cells 2011 29 11 1752 1762
76. Moriyama M., Osawa M., Mak S. S., Ohtsuka T., Yamamoto N., Han H., Delmas V., Kageyama R., Beermann F., Larue L., Nishikawa S. I., Notch signaling via Hes1 transcription factor maintains survival of melanoblasts and melanocyte stem cells Journal of Cell Biology 2006 173 3 333 339
77. Mizoguchi T., Togawa S., Kawakami K., Itoh M., Neuron and sensory epithelial cell fate is sequentially determined by notch signaling in zebrafish lateral line development Journal of Neuroscience 2011 31 43 15522 15530
78. Grichnik J. M., Burch J. A., Burchette J., Shea C. R., The SCF/KIT pathway plays a critical role in the control of normal human melanocyte homeostasis Journal of Investigative Dermatology 1998 111 2 233 238 (Pubitemid 28354709)
79. MacKenzie M. A. F., Jordan S. A., Budd P. S., Jackson I. J., Activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase kit is required for the proliferation of melanoblasts in the mouse embryo Developmental Biology 1997 192 1 99 107 (Pubitemid 28015649)
80. Moan J., Porojnicu A. C., Dahlback A., Ultraviolet radiation and malignant melanoma Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 2008 624 104 116
81. Hoerter J. D., Ward C. S., Bale K. D., Gizachew A. N., Graham R., Reynolds J., Ward M. E., Choi C., Kagabo J. L., Sauer M., Kuipers T., Hotchkiss T., Banner N., Chellson R. A., Ohaeri T., Gant L., Vanderhill L., Effect of UVA fluence rate on indicators of oxidative stress in human dermal fibroblasts International Journal of Biological Sciences 2008 4 2 63 70 (Pubitemid 351495860)
82. von Thaler A. K., Kamenisch Y., Berneburg M., The role of ultraviolet radiation in melanomagenesis Experimental Dermatology 2010 19 2 81 88
83. Marnett L. J., Oxyradicals and DNA damage Carcinogenesis 2000 21 3 361 370 (Pubitemid 30137921)
84. Hirota A., Kawachi Y., Itoh K., Nakamura Y., Xu X., Banno T., Takahashi T., Yamamoto M., Otsuka F., Ultraviolet A irradiation induces NF-E2-related factor 2 activation in dermal fibroblasts: protective role in UVA-induced apoptosis Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2005 124 4 825 832 (Pubitemid 40489511)
85. Schfer M., Dtsch S., Auf Dem Keller U., Werner S., Nrf2: a central regulator of UV protection in the epidermis Cell Cycle 2010 9 15 2917 2918
86. Kawachi Y., Xu X., Taguchi S., Sakurai H., Nakamura Y., Ishii Y., Fujisawa Y., Furuta J., Takahashi T., Itoh K., Yamamoto M., Yamazaki F., Otsuka F., Attenuation of UVB-induced sunburn reaction and oxidative DNA damage with no alterations in UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis in Nrf2 gene-deficient mice Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2008 128 7 1773 1779 (Pubitemid 351847374)
87. Bruls W. A., Slaper H., van der Leun J. C., Berrens L., Transmission of human epidermis and stratum corneum as a function of thickness in the ultraviolet and visible wavelengths Photochemistry and Photobiology 1984 40 4 485 494
88. Agar N. S., Halliday G. M., Barnetson R. S. C., Ananthaswamy H. N., Wheeler M., Jones A. M., The basal layer in human squamous tumors harbors more UVA than UVB fingerprint mutations: a role for UVA in human skin carcinogenesis Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2004 101 14 4954 4959 (Pubitemid 38469184)
89. Marrot L., Meunier J. R., Skin DNA photodamage and its biological consequences Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 2008 58 5 S139 S148
90. Vile G. F., Tyrrell R. M., Oxidative stress resulting from ultraviolet A irradiation of human skin fibroblasts leads to a heme oxygenase-dependent increase in ferritin Journal of Biological Chemistry 1993 268 20 14678 14681 (Pubitemid 23206605)
91. Vile G. F., Tyrrell R. M., UVA radiation-induced oxidative damage to lipids and proteins in vitro and in human skin fibroblasts is dependent on iron and singlet oxygen Free Radical Biology and Medicine 1995 18 4 721 730
92. Aroun A., Zhong J. L., Tyrrell R. M., Pourzand C., Iron, oxidative stress and the example of solar ultraviolet A radiation Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences 2012 11 1 118 134
93. Javeri A., Huang X. X., Bernerd F., Mason R. S., Halliday G. M., Human 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase 1 protein and gene are expressed more abundantly in the superficial than basal layer of human epidermis DNA Repair 2008 7 9 1542 1550
94. Nijhof J. G. W., van Pelt C., Mulder A. A., Mitchell D. L., Mullenders L. H. F., de Gruijl F. R., Epidermal stem and progenitor cells in murine epidermis accumulate UV damage despite NER proficiency Carcinogenesis 2007 28 4 792 800 (Pubitemid 46530374)
95. Mitchell D. L., Volkmer B., Breitbart E. W., Byrom M., Lowery M. G., Greinert R., Identification of a non-dividing subpopulation of mouse and human epidermal cells exhibiting high levels of persistent ultraviolet photodamage Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2001 117 3 590 595 (Pubitemid 32955585)
96. Mouret S., Forestier A., Douki T., The specificity of UVA-induced DNA damage in human melanocytes Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences 2012 11 1 155 162
97. Whiteman D. C., Whiteman C. A., Green A. C., Childhood sun exposure as a risk factor for melanoma: a systematic review of epidemiologic studies Cancer Causes and Control 2001 12 1 69 82 (Pubitemid 32125902)
98. Gandini S., Sera F., Cattaruzza M. S., Pasquini P., Picconi O., Boyle P., Melchi C. F., Meta-analysis of risk factors for cutaneous melanoma: II. Sun exposure European Journal of Cancer 2005 41 1 45 60 (Pubitemid 40029658)
99. De Vries A., Berg R. J. W., Wijnhoven S., Westerman A., Wester P. W., Van Kreijl C. F., Capel P. J. A., De Gruijl F. R., Van Kranen H. J., Van Steeg H., XPA-deficiency in hairless mice causes a shift in skin tumor types and mutational target genes after exposure to low doses of U.V.B Oncogene 1998 16 17 2205 2212 (Pubitemid 28220650)
100. Kenyon J., Gerson S. L., The role of DNA damage repair in aging of adult stem cells Nucleic Acids Research 2007 35 22 7557 7565
101. Sandrini J. Z., Trindade G. S., Nery L. E. M., Marins L. F., Time-course expression of DNA repair-related genes in hepatocytes of zebrafish (Danio rerio) after UV-B exposure Photochemistry and Photobiology 2009 85 1 220 226
102. White R. M., Zon L. I., Melanocytes in development, regeneration, and cancer Cell Stem Cell 2008 3 3 242 252
103. Shenghui H., Nakada D., Morrison S. J., Mechanisms of stem cell self-renewal Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology 2009 25 377 406
104. Perez-Losada J., Balmain A., Stem-cell hierarchy in skin cancer Nature Reviews Cancer 2003 3 6 434 443 (Pubitemid 37328847)
105. Pierce G. B., Neoplastic stem cells Advances in Pathobiology 1977 6 141 152
106. Wang E., Voiculescu S., Le Poole I. C., El-Gamil M., Li X., Sabatino M., Robbins P. F., Nickoloff B. J., Marincola F. M., Clonal persistence and evolution during a decade of recurrent melanoma Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2006 126 6 1372 1377 (Pubitemid 43997921)
107. Butz S., Larue L., Expression of catenins during mouse embryonic development and in adult tissues Cell Adhesion and Communication 1995 3 4 337 352 (Pubitemid 26009604)
108. Reya T., Morrison S. J., Clarke M. F., Weissman I. L., Stem cells, cancer, and cancer stem cells Nature 2001 414 6859 105 111 (Pubitemid 33041634)
109. Ceol C. J., Houvras Y., White R. M., Zon L. I., Melanoma biology and the promise of zebrafish Zebrafish 2008 5 4 247 255
110. Rakers S., Gebert M., Uppalapati S., Meyer W., Maderson P., Sell A. F., Kruse C., Paus R., Fish matters: the relevance of fish skin biology to investigative dermatology Experimental Dermatology 2010 19 4 313 324
111. Rawls J. F., Johnson S. L., Zebrafish kit mutation reveals primary and secondary regulation of melanocyte development during fin stripe regeneration Development 2000 127 17 3715 3724
112. Tu S., Johnson S. L., Clonal analyses reveal roles of organ founding stem cells, melanocyte stem cells and melanoblasts in establishment, growth and regeneration of the adult zebrafish fin Development 2010 137 23 3931 3939
113. Tu S., Johnson S., Fate restriction in the growing and regenerating zebrafish fin Developmental Cell 2011 20 5 725 732
114. Lu J., Ma Z., Hsieh J. C., Fan C. W., Chen B., Longgood J. C., Williams N. S., Amatruda J. F., Lum L., Chen C., Structure-activity relationship studies of small-molecule inhibitors of Wnt response Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 2009 19 14 3825 3827
115. Chen B., Dodge M. E., Tang W., Lu J., Ma Z., Fan C. W., Wei S., Hao W., Kilgore J., Williams N. S., Roth M. G., Amatruda J. F., Chen C., Lum L., Small molecule-mediated disruption of Wnt-dependent signaling in tissue regeneration and cancer Nature Chemical Biology 2009 5 2 100 107
116. Maund S. L., Cramer S. D., The tissue-specific stem cell as a target for chemoprevention Stem Cell Reviews and Reports 2011 7 2 307 314
117. Zabierowski S. E., Herlyn M., Melanoma stem cells: the dark seed of melanoma Journal of Clinical Oncology 2008 26 17 2890 2894
118. Lagasse E., Cancer stem cells with genetic instability: the best vehicle with the best engine for cancer Gene Therapy 2008 15 2 136 142