메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 13, Issue 9, 2012, Pages 1243-1260

Pharmacotherapy of insomnia

Author keywords

Benzodiazepine; Benzodiazepine receptor agonist; Insomnia; Melatonin; Melatonin receptor agonist; Total sleep time

Indexed keywords

AGO 178; AGOMELATINE; AMAVIL; AMITRIPTYLINE; AMITRIPTYLINE PLUS PERPHENAZINE; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; BENZODIAZEPINE RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; BROTIZOLAM; DIAZEPAM; DOXEPIN; ESTAZOLAM; ESZOPICLONE; FLUNITRAZEPAM; FLUOXETINE PLUS OLANZAPINE; FLURAZEPAM; GABAZOLPIDEM; HYPNOTIC AGENT; INTERMEZZO; LIMBITROL; LOPRAZOLAM; LORMATAZEPAM; MELATONIN; MELATONIN RECEPTOR AGONIST; MIRTAZAPINE; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; NITRAZEPAM; OLANZAPINE; QUAZEPAM; QUETIAPINE; RAMELTEON; SENTRAZOLPIDEM; TASIMELTEON; TEMAZEPAM; TRAZODONE; TREZAMINE TRAZODONE; TRIAZOLAM; TRIMIPRAMINE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNINDEXED DRUG; ZALEPLON; ZOLPIDEM; ZOLPIDEM TARTRATE;

EID: 84861362284     PISSN: 14656566     EISSN: 17447666     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2012.683860     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (22)

References (183)
  • 1
    • 79952040579 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and perceived health associated with insomnia based on DSM-IV-TR; international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems, tenth revision; and research diagnostic criteria/ international classification of sleep disorders, second edition criteria: Results from the america insomnia survey
    • Roth T, Coulouvrat C, Hajak G, et al. Prevalence and perceived health associated with insomnia based on DSM-IV-TR; International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision; and Research Diagnostic Criteria/ International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Second Edition criteria: results from the America Insomnia Survey. Biol Psychiatry 2011;69:592-600
    • (2011) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.69 , pp. 592-600
    • Roth, T.1    Coulouvrat, C.2    Hajak, G.3
  • 2
    • 79953667924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The association between insomnia severity and healthcare and productivity costs in a health plan sample
    • Sarsour K, Kalsekar A, Swindle R, et al. The association between insomnia severity and healthcare and productivity costs in a health plan sample. Sleep 2011;34:443-50
    • (2011) Sleep , vol.34 , pp. 443-450
    • Sarsour, K.1    Kalsekar, A.2    Swindle, R.3
  • 3
    • 0036526075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of insomnia: What we know and what we still need to learn
    • Ohayon MM. Epidemiology of insomnia: what we know and what we still need to learn. Sleep Medicine Reviews 2002;6:97-111
    • (2002) Sleep Med.icine Reviews , vol.6 , pp. 97-111
    • Ohayon, M.M.1
  • 4
    • 0028034714 scopus 로고
    • Sleep onset insomnia, sleep maintaining insomnia and insomnia with early morning awakening-temporal stability of subtypes in a longitudinal study on general practice attenders
    • Hohagen F, Kappler C, Schramm E, et al. Sleep onset insomnia, sleep maintaining insomnia and insomnia with early morning awakening-temporal stability of subtypes in a longitudinal study on general practice attenders. Sleep 1994;17:551-4
    • (1994) Sleep , vol.17 , pp. 551-554
    • Hohagen, F.1    Kappler, C.2    Schramm, E.3
  • 5
    • 33745779677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining insomnia: The role of quantitative criteria
    • Roth T, Drake C. Defining insomnia: the role of quantitative criteria. Sleep 2006;29:424-5
    • (2006) Sleep , vol.29 , pp. 424-425
    • Roth, T.1    Drake, C.2
  • 6
    • 33751548687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sleep problems, comorbid mental disorders, and role functioning in the national comorbidity survey replication
    • Roth T, Jaeger S, Jin R, et al. Sleep problems, comorbid mental disorders, and role functioning in the national comorbidity survey replication. Biological Psychiatry 2006;60:1364-71
    • (2006) Biological Psychiatry , vol.60 , pp. 1364-1371
    • Roth, T.1    Jaeger, S.2    Jin, R.3
  • 7
    • 40949094337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A bidirectional relationship between anxiety and depression, and insomnia A prospective study in the general population
    • Jansson-Frojmark M, Lindblom K. A bidirectional relationship between anxiety and depression, and insomnia? A prospective study in the general population. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 2008;64:443-9
    • (2008) Journal of Psychosomatic Research , vol.64 , pp. 443-449
    • Jansson-Frojmark, M.1    Lindblom, K.2
  • 8
    • 62349100214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The natural history of insomnia: A population-based 3-year longitudinal study
    • Morin CM, Belanger L, LeBlanc M, et al. The natural history of insomnia: a population-based 3-year longitudinal study. Arch Intern Med 2009;169:447-53
    • (2009) Arch. Intern. Med. , vol.169 , pp. 447-453
    • Morin, C.M.1    Belanger, L.2    LeBlanc, M.3
  • 9
    • 34548487159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insomnia: Definition, prevalence, etiology, and consequences
    • Roth T. Insomnia: definition, prevalence, etiology, and consequences. J Clin Sleep Med 2007;3:S7-10
    • (2007) J. Clin. Sleep Med. , vol.3
    • Roth, T.1
  • 10
    • 0030725377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How a general population perceives its sleep and how this relates to the complaint of insomnia
    • Ohayon MM, Caulet M, Guilleminault C. How a general population perceives its sleep and how this relates to the complaint of insomnia. Sleep 1997;20:715-23
    • (1997) Sleep , vol.20 , pp. 715-723
    • Ohayon, M.M.1    Caulet, M.2    Guilleminault, C.3
  • 12
    • 0036347861 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in insomnia - A study in the hong kong chinese population
    • Li RH, Wing YK, Ho SC, Fong SY. Gender differences in insomnia-a study in the Hong Kong Chinese population. J Psychosom Res 2002;53:601-9
    • (2002) J. Psychosom. Res. , vol.53 , pp. 601-609
    • Li, R.H.1    Wing, Y.K.2    Ho, S.C.3    Fong, S.Y.4
  • 14
    • 43749096378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insomnia and depression
    • Taylor DJ. Insomnia and depression. Sleep 2008;31:447-8
    • (2008) Sleep , vol.31 , pp. 447-448
    • Taylor, D.J.1
  • 15
    • 43749096376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence, course, and comorbidity of insomnia and depression in young adults
    • Buysse DJ, Angst J, Gamma A, et al. Prevalence, course, and comorbidity of insomnia and depression in young adults. Sleep 2008;31:473-80
    • (2008) Sleep , vol.31 , pp. 473-480
    • Buysse, D.J.1    Angst, J.2    Gamma, A.3
  • 16
    • 43749117988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is insomnia a perpetuating factor for late-life depression in the IMPACT cohort
    • Pigeon WR, Hegel M, Unutzer J, et al. Is insomnia a perpetuating factor for late-life depression in the IMPACT cohort? Sleep 2008;31:481-8
    • (2008) Sleep , vol.31 , pp. 481-488
    • Pigeon, W.R.1    Hegel, M.2    Unutzer, J.3
  • 17
    • 16644363477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sleep and adolescent suicidal behavior
    • Liu X. Sleep and adolescent suicidal behavior. Sleep 2004;27:1351-8
    • (2004) Sleep , vol.27 , pp. 1351-358
    • Liu, X.1
  • 18
    • 80053525479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insomnia as a predictor of depression: A meta-analytic evaluation of longitudinal epidemiological studies
    • Baglioni C, Battagliese G, Feige B, et al. Insomnia as a predictor of depression: a meta-analytic evaluation of longitudinal epidemiological studies. Journal of Affective Disorders 2011;135:10-19
    • (2011) Journal of Affective Disorders , vol.135 , pp. 10-19
    • Baglioni, C.1    Battagliese, G.2    Feige, B.3
  • 19
    • 84873073633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available from: [Accessed January 2012]
    • Available from: http://www. sleepfoundation.org/sites/default/files/ sleepinamericapoll/ SIAP-2011-Summary-of-Findings.pdf [Accessed January 2012] 2011
    • (2011)
  • 20
    • 0025768253 scopus 로고
    • The beneficial and adverse effects of hypnotics
    • Balter MB, Uhlenhuth EH. The beneficial and adverse effects of hypnotics. J Clin Psychiatry 1991;52(Suppl):16-23
    • (1991) J. Clin. Psychiatry , vol.52 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 16-23
    • Balter, M.B.1    Uhlenhuth, E.H.2
  • 21
    • 0033136218 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Daytime consequences and correlates of insomnia in the United States: Results of the 1991 national sleep foundation survey II
    • Roth T, Ancoli-Israel S. Daytime consequences and correlates of insomnia in the United States: results of the 1991 National Sleep Foundation Survey. II. Sleep 1999;22(Suppl 2):S354-8
    • (1999) Sleep , vol.22 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Roth, T.1    Ancoli-Israel, S.2
  • 23
    • 33947695769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The direct and indirect costs of untreated insomnia in adults in the United States
    • Ozminkowski RJ, Wang S, Walsh JK. The direct and indirect costs of untreated insomnia in adults in the United States. Sleep 2007;30:263-73
    • (2007) Sleep , vol.30 , pp. 263-273
    • Ozminkowski, R.J.1    Wang, S.2    Walsh, J.K.3
  • 24
    • 0033136181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The direct economic costs of insomnia in the United States for 1995
    • Walsh JK, Engelhardt CL. The direct economic costs of insomnia in the United States for 1995. Sleep 1999;22(Suppl 2):S386-93
    • (1999) Sleep , Issue.22 SUPPL. 2
    • Walsh, J.K.1    Engelhardt, C.L.2
  • 25
    • 0036120907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between insomnia and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic illness
    • Katz DA, McHorney CA. The relationship between insomnia and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic illness. J Fam Pract 2002;51:229-35
    • (2002) J. Fam. Pract. , vol.51 , pp. 229-235
    • Katz, D.A.1    McHorney, C.A.2
  • 26
    • 77956495216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Psychiatry Association. Available from: Last accessed January 2012]
    • American Psychiatry Association. DSM-5 development Sleep-wake disorders. Available from: http://www. dsm5.org/proposedrevision/pages/ sleep-wakedisorders.aspx [Last accessed January 2012] 2010
    • (2010) DSM-5 Development Sleep-Wake Disorders
  • 27
    • 72649097113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperarousal and insomnia
    • Bonnet MH. Hyperarousal and insomnia. Sleep Med Rev 2010;14:33
    • (2010) Sleep Med.. Rev. , vol.14 , pp. 33
    • Bonnet, M.H.1
  • 29
    • 1542269240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review of non-pharmacological therapies for sleep problems in later life
    • Montgomery P, Dennis J. A systematic review of non-pharmacological therapies for sleep problems in later life. Sleep Med Rev 2004;8:47-62
    • (2004) Sleep Med.. Rev. , vol.8 , pp. 47-62
    • Montgomery, P.1    Dennis, J.2
  • 30
    • 0036357639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative meta-analysis of pharmacotherapy and behavior therapy for persistent insomnia
    • Smith MT, Perlis ML, Park A, et al. Comparative meta-analysis of pharmacotherapy and behavior therapy for persistent insomnia. Am J Psychiatry 2002;159:5-11
    • (2002) Am. J. Psychiatry , vol.159 , pp. 5-11
    • Smith, M.T.1    Perlis, M.L.2    Park, A.3
  • 31
    • 0033577293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral and pharmacological therapies for late-life insomnia: A randomized controlled trial
    • Morin CM, Colecchi C, Stone J, et al. Behavioral and pharmacological therapies for late-life insomnia: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1999;281:991-9
    • (1999) JAMA , vol.281 , pp. 991-999
    • Morin, C.M.1    Colecchi, C.2    Stone, J.3
  • 32
    • 33751083841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychological and behavioral treatment of insomnia: Update of the recent evidence 1998 - 2004
    • Morin CM, Bootzin RR, Buysse DJ, et al. Psychological and behavioral treatment of insomnia: update of the recent evidence (1998 - 2004). Sleep 2006;29:1398-414
    • (2006) Sleep , vol.29 , pp. 1398-1414
    • Morin, C.M.1    Bootzin, R.R.2    Buysse, D.J.3
  • 33
    • 0037665273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of sleep hygiene in the treatment of insomnia
    • Stepanski EJ, Wyatt JK. Use of sleep hygiene in the treatment of insomnia. Sleep Med Rev 2003;7:215-25
    • (2003) Sleep Med.. Rev. , vol.7 , pp. 215-225
    • Stepanski, E.J.1    Wyatt, J.K.2
  • 34
    • 84861413350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Institutes of Health state of the science conference statement on manifestations and management of chronic insomnia in adults
    • Health NIo. National Institutes of Health state of the science conference statement on manifestations and management of chronic insomnia in adults. Sleep 2005;28:59
    • (2005) Sleep , vol.28 , pp. 59
    • Health, N.1
  • 35
    • 55349132739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic insomnia in adults
    • Schutte-Rodin S, Broch L, Buysse D, et al. Clinical guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic insomnia in adults. J Clin Sleep Med 2008;4:487-504
    • (2008) J. Clin. Sleep Med. , vol.4 , pp. 487-504
    • Schutte-Rodin, S.1    Broch, L.2    Buysse, D.3
  • 37
    • 0035282713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structure and function of GABA(C) receptors: A comparison of native versus recombinant receptors
    • Zhang D, Pan ZH, Awobuluyi M, Lipton SA. Structure and function of GABA(C) receptors: a comparison of native versus recombinant receptors. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2001;22:121-32
    • (2001) Trends. Pharmacol. Sci. , vol.22 , pp. 121-132
    • Zhang, D.1    Pan, Z.H.2    Awobuluyi, M.3    Lipton, S.A.4
  • 38
    • 54049137689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International union of pharmacology LXX Subtypes of gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) receptors: Classification on the basis of subunit composition, pharmacology, and function Update
    • Olsen RW, Sieghart W. International union of pharmacology. LXX. Subtypes of gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) receptors: classification on the basis of subunit composition, pharmacology, and function. Update. Pharmacol Rev 2008;60:243-60
    • (2008) Pharmacol. Rev. , vol.60 , pp. 243-260
    • Olsen, R.W.1    Sieghart, W.2
  • 39
    • 0042347457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing GABA receptors
    • Burt DR. Reducing GABA receptors. Life Sci 2003;73:1741-58
    • (2003) Life Sci. , vol.73 , pp. 1741-1758
    • Burt, D.R.1
  • 40
    • 0035039871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of alpha subunit on allosteric modulation of ion channel function in stably expressed human recombinant gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) receptors determined using (36)Cl ion flux
    • Smith AJ, Alder L, Silk J, et al. Effect of alpha subunit on allosteric modulation of ion channel function in stably expressed human recombinant gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) receptors determined using (36)Cl ion flux. Mol Pharmacol 2001;59:1108-18
    • (2001) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.59 , pp. 1108-1118
    • Smith, A.J.1    Alder, L.2    Silk, J.3
  • 41
    • 0033592682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benzodiazepine actions mediated by specific gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) receptor subtypes
    • Rudolph U, Crestani F, Benke D, et al. Benzodiazepine actions mediated by specific gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) receptor subtypes. Nature 1999;401:796-800
    • (1999) Nature , vol.401 , pp. 796-800
    • Rudolph, U.1    Crestani, F.2    Benke, D.3
  • 42
    • 1342344806 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of GABAA receptor function and dissection of the pharmacology of benzodiazepines and general anesthetics through mouse genetics
    • Rudolph U, Mohler H. Analysis of GABAA receptor function and dissection of the pharmacology of benzodiazepines and general anesthetics through mouse genetics. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2004;44:475-98
    • (2004) Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. , vol.44 , pp. 475-498
    • Rudolph, U.1    Mohler, H.2
  • 44
    • 0033626427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GABAB receptors: A new paradigm in G protein signaling
    • Couve A, Moss SJ, Pangalos MN. GABAB receptors: a new paradigm in G protein signaling. Mol Cell Neurosci 2000;16:296-312
    • (2000) Mol. Cell Neurosci. , vol.16 , pp. 296-312
    • Couve, A.1    Moss, S.J.2    Pangalos, M.N.3
  • 45
    • 0033582820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of a GABAB receptor subunit, gb2, required for functional GABAB receptor activity
    • Ng GY, Clark J, Coulombe N, et al. Identification of a GABAB receptor subunit, gb2, required for functional GABAB receptor activity. J Biol Chem 1999;274:7607-10
    • (1999) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.274 , pp. 7607-7610
    • Ng, G.Y.1    Clark, J.2    Coulombe, N.3
  • 46
    • 0027082480 scopus 로고
    • Gamma-aminobutyric acid a or c receptor gamma-aminobutyric acid rho 1 receptor RNA induces bicuculline-, barbiturate-, and benzodiazepine-insensitive gammaaminobutyric acid responses in Xenopus oocytes
    • Shimada S, Cutting G, Uhl GR. gamma-Aminobutyric acid A or C receptor? gamma-Aminobutyric acid rho 1 receptor RNA induces bicuculline-, barbiturate-, and benzodiazepine-insensitive gammaaminobutyric acid responses in Xenopus oocytes. Mol Pharmacol 1992;41:683-7
    • (1992) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.41 , pp. 683-687
    • Shimada, S.1    Cutting, G.2    Uhl, G.R.3
  • 47
    • 0031469929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benzodiazepines and zolpidem for chronic insomnia: A meta-analysis of treatment efficacy
    • Nowell PD, Mazumdar S, Buysse DJ, et al. Benzodiazepines and zolpidem for chronic insomnia: a meta-analysis of treatment efficacy. JAMA 1997;278:2170-7
    • (1997) JAMA , vol.278 , pp. 2170-177
    • Nowell, P.D.1    Mazumdar, S.2    Buysse, D.J.3
  • 48
    • 0034711768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meta-analysis of benzodiazepine use in the treatment of insomnia
    • Holbrook AM, Crowther R, Lotter A, et al. Meta-analysis of benzodiazepine use in the treatment of insomnia. CMAJ 2000;162:225-33
    • (2000) CMAJ , vol.162 , pp. 225-233
    • Holbrook, A.M.1    Crowther, R.2    Lotter, A.3
  • 49
    • 0026014236 scopus 로고
    • A review of the safety profiles of benzodiazepine hypnotics
    • Roth T, Roehrs TA. A review of the safety profiles of benzodiazepine hypnotics. J Clin Psychiatry 1991;52(Suppl):38-41
    • (1991) J. Clin. Psychiatry , vol.52 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 38-41
    • Roth, T.1    Roehrs, T.A.2
  • 50
    • 0027052696 scopus 로고
    • Clinical distinctions between long-acting and short-acting benzodiazepines
    • Mendelson W. Clinical distinctions between long-acting and short-acting benzodiazepines. J Clin Psychiatry 1992;53(Suppl):2
    • (1992) J. Clin. Psychiatry , vol.53 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 2
    • Mendelson, W.1
  • 51
    • 0026687682 scopus 로고
    • Rebound insomnia in normals and patients with insomnia after abrupt and tapered discontinuation
    • Roehrs T, Merlotti L, Zorick F, Roth T. Rebound insomnia in normals and patients with insomnia after abrupt and tapered discontinuation. Psychopharmacology 1992;108:67-71
    • (1992) Psychopharmacology , vol.108 , pp. 67-71
    • Roehrs, T.1    Merlotti, L.2    Zorick, F.3    Roth, T.4
  • 52
    • 0023190754 scopus 로고
    • Effect of gradual withdrawal on the rebound sleep disorder after discontinuation of triazolam
    • Greenblatt DJ, Harmatz JS, Zinny MA, Shader RI. Effect of gradual withdrawal on the rebound sleep disorder after discontinuation of triazolam. N Engl J Med 1987;317:722-8
    • (1987) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.317 , pp. 722-728
    • Greenblatt, D.J.1    Harmatz, J.S.2    Zinny, M.A.3    Shader, R.I.4
  • 54
    • 0036107859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term benzodiazepine use and cognitive decline in the elderly: The epidemiology of vascular aging study
    • Paterniti S, Dufouil C, Alperovitch A. Long-term benzodiazepine use and cognitive decline in the elderly: the Epidemiology of Vascular Aging Study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2002;22:285-93
    • (2002) J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. , vol.22 , pp. 285-293
    • Paterniti, S.1    Dufouil, C.2    Alperovitch, A.3
  • 55
    • 23444461628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insomnia and hypnotic use, recorded in the minimum data set, as predictors of falls and hip fractures in michigan nursing homes
    • Avidan AY, Fries BE, James ML, et al. Insomnia and hypnotic use, recorded in the minimum data set, as predictors of falls and hip fractures in michigan nursing homes. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005;53:955-62
    • (2005) J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. , vol.53 , pp. 955-962
    • Avidan, A.Y.1    Fries, B.E.2    James, M.L.3
  • 56
    • 0141892625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medication use and falls in community-dwelling older persons
    • Kelly KD, Pickett W, Yiannakoulias N, et al. Medication use and falls in community-dwelling older persons. Age Ageing 2003;32:503-9
    • (2003) Age Ageing , vol.32 , pp. 503-509
    • Kelly, K.D.1    Pickett, W.2    Yiannakoulias, N.3
  • 57
    • 0024793608 scopus 로고
    • Benzodiazepines of long and short elimination half-life and the risk of hip fracture
    • Ray WA, Griffin MR, Downey W. Benzodiazepines of long and short elimination half-life and the risk of hip fracture. JAMA 1989;262:3303-7
    • (1989) JAMA , vol.262 , pp. 3303-307
    • Ray, W.A.1    Griffin, M.R.2    Downey, W.3
  • 58
    • 84861359544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ambien [package insert].New York NY:
    • Ambien [package insert]. Sanofi- Synthelabo, Inc.; New York, NY: 2004
    • (2004) Sanofi-Synthelabo Inc
  • 59
    • 14944350787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sleep terrors/ sleepwalking-not REM behavior disorder
    • Pressman MR, Mahowald MW, Schenck CH. Sleep terrors/ sleepwalking-not REM behavior disorder. Sleep 2005;28:278-9
    • (2005) Sleep , vol.28 , pp. 278-279
    • Pressman, M.R.1    Mahowald, M.W.2    Schenck, C.H.3
  • 60
    • 84873062375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available from: Last accessed January 2012]
    • Micromedex 2.0. Available from: http://www.thomsonhc.com/micromedex2/ librarian [Last accessed January 2012] 2012
    • (2012) Micromedex 20
  • 61
    • 33750720598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics and kinetics of a modified-release formulation of zolpidem: Comparison with immediate-release standard zolpidem and placebo
    • Greenblatt DJ, Legangneux E, Harmatz JS, et al. Dynamics and kinetics of a modified-release formulation of zolpidem: comparison with immediate-release standard zolpidem and placebo. J Clin Pharmacol 2006;46:1469-80
    • (2006) J. Clin. Pharmacol. , vol.46 , pp. 1469-1480
    • Greenblatt, D.J.1    Legangneux, E.2    Harmatz, J.S.3
  • 63
    • 0028360224 scopus 로고
    • A multicenter, placebo-controlled study evaluating zolpidem in the treatment of chronic insomnia
    • Scharf MB, Roth T, Vogel GW, Walsh JK. A multicenter, placebo-controlled study evaluating zolpidem in the treatment of chronic insomnia. J Clin Psychiatry 1994;55:192-9
    • (1994) J. Clin. Psychiatry , vol.55 , pp. 192-199
    • Scharf, M.B.1    Roth, T.2    Vogel, G.W.3    Walsh, J.K.4
  • 64
    • 79851483617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twelve months of nightly zolpidem does not lead to dose escalation: A prospective placebo-controlled study
    • Roehrs TA, Randall S, Harris E, et al. Twelve months of nightly zolpidem does not lead to dose escalation: a prospective placebo-controlled study. Sleep 2011;34:207-12
    • (2011) Sleep , vol.34 , pp. 207-212
    • Roehrs, T.A.1    Randall, S.2    Harris, E.3
  • 65
    • 37549026159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term efficacy and safety of zolpidem extended-release 12.5 mg, administered 3 to 7 nights per week for 24 weeks, in patients with chronic primary insomnia: A 6-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter study
    • Krystal AD, Erman M, Zammit GK, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of zolpidem extended-release 12.5 mg, administered 3 to 7 nights per week for 24 weeks, in patients with chronic primary insomnia: a 6-month, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter study. Sleep 2008;31:79-90
    • (2008) Sleep , vol.31 , pp. 79-90
    • Krystal, A.D.1    Erman, M.2    Zammit, G.K.3
  • 66
    • 54349128723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zolpidem extended-release 12.5 mg associated with improvements in work performance in a 6-month randomized, placebo-controlled trial
    • Erman M, Guiraud A, Joish VN, Lerner D. Zolpidem extended-release 12.5 mg associated with improvements in work performance in a 6-month randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Sleep 2008;31:1371-8
    • (2008) Sleep , vol.31 , pp. 1371-378
    • Erman, M.1    Guiraud, A.2    Joish, V.N.3    Lerner, D.4
  • 67
    • 84861416020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zolpimist [package insert].Richmond VA:
    • Zolpimist [package insert]. ECR Pharmaceuticals; Richmond, VA: 2010
    • (2010) ECR Pharmaceuticals
  • 68
    • 84861354351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intermezzo [package insert]. Inc.Pt. Richmond CA:
    • Intermezzo [package insert]. Transcept Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Pt. Richmond, CA: 2011
    • (2011) Transcept Pharmaceuticals
  • 69
    • 0034011740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zolpidem: An update of its pharmacology, therapeutic efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of insomnia
    • Holm KJ, Goa KL. Zolpidem: an update of its pharmacology, therapeutic efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of insomnia. Drugs 2000;59:865-89
    • (2000) Drugs , vol.59 , pp. 865-889
    • Holm, K.J.1    Goa, K.L.2
  • 70
    • 0344631569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sleep latency is shortened during 4 weeks of treatment with zaleplon, a novel nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic zaleplon clinical study group
    • Elie R, Ruther E, Farr I, et al. Sleep latency is shortened during 4 weeks of treatment with zaleplon, a novel nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic. Zaleplon Clinical Study Group. J Clin Psychiatry 1999;60:536-44
    • (1999) J. Clin. Psychiatry , vol.60 , pp. 536-544
    • Elie, R.1    Ruther, E.2    Farr, I.3
  • 71
  • 72
    • 0029797245 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amnesia possibly associated with zolpidem administration
    • Canaday BR. Amnesia possibly associated with zolpidem administration. Pharmacotherapy 1996;16:687-9
    • (1996) Pharmacotherapy , vol.16 , pp. 687-689
    • Canaday, B.R.1
  • 73
    • 0141781242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somnambulism due to probable interaction of valproic acid and zolpidem
    • Sattar SP, Ramaswamy S, Bhatia SC, Petty F. Somnambulism due to probable interaction of valproic acid and zolpidem. Ann Pharmacother 2003;37:1429-33
    • (2003) Ann. Pharmacother. , vol.37 , pp. 1429-1433
    • Sattar, S.P.1    Ramaswamy, S.2    Bhatia, S.C.3    Petty, F.4
  • 74
    • 0036053514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amnestic sleep-related eating disorder associated with zolpidem
    • Morgenthaler TI, Silber MH. Amnestic sleep-related eating disorder associated with zolpidem. Sleep Med 2002;3:323-7
    • (2002) Sleep Med.. , vol.3 , pp. 323-327
    • Morgenthaler, T.I.1    Silber, M.H.2
  • 77
    • 67349208203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sublingual zolpidem is more effective than oral zolpidem in initiating early onset of sleep in the post-nap model of transient insomnia: A polysomnographic study
    • Staner L, Eriksson M, Cornette F, et al. Sublingual zolpidem is more effective than oral zolpidem in initiating early onset of sleep in the post-nap model of transient insomnia: a polysomnographic study. Sleep Med 2009;10:616-20
    • (2009) Sleep Med.. , vol.10 , pp. 616-620
    • Staner, L.1    Eriksson, M.2    Cornette, F.3
  • 78
    • 77952478448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sublingual zolpidem in early onset of sleep compared to oral zolpidem: Polysomnographic study in patients with primary insomnia
    • Staner C, Joly F, Jacquot N, et al. Sublingual zolpidem in early onset of sleep compared to oral zolpidem: polysomnographic study in patients with primary insomnia. Curr Med Res Opin 2010;26:1423-31
    • (2010) Curr. Med. Res. Opin. , vol.26 , pp. 1423-1431
    • Staner, C.1    Joly, F.2    Jacquot, N.3
  • 79
    • 51349086765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-dose sublingual zolpidem tartrate is associated with dose-related improvement in sleep onset and duration in insomnia characterized by middle-of-the - Night (MOTN) awakenings
    • Roth T, Hull SG, Lankford DA, et al. Low-dose sublingual zolpidem tartrate is associated with dose-related improvement in sleep onset and duration in insomnia characterized by middle-of-the-night (MOTN) awakenings. Sleep 2008;31:1277-84
    • (2008) Sleep , vol.31 , pp. 1277-1284
    • Roth, T.1    Hull, S.G.2    Lankford, D.A.3
  • 80
    • 84861359545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sonata [package insert]. PA:
    • Sonata [package insert]. Wyeth; Philadelphia, PA: 2004
    • (2004)
    • Wyeth1    Philadelphia2
  • 81
    • 0033386952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zaleplon displays selectivity to recombinant GABA-A receptors different from zolpidem, zopiclone and benzodiazepines
    • Damgen K, Luddens H. Zaleplon displays selectivity to recombinant GABA-A receptors different from zolpidem, zopiclone and benzodiazepines. Neurosci Res Commun 1999;25:10
    • (1999) Neurosci. Res. Commun. , vol.25 , pp. 10
    • Damgen, K.1    Luddens, H.2
  • 82
    • 0037072577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the effects of zaleplon, zolpidem, and triazolam at various GABA(A) receptor subtypes
    • Sanna E, Busonero F, Talani G, et al. Comparison of the effects of zaleplon, zolpidem, and triazolam at various GABA(A) receptor subtypes. Eur J Pharmacol 2002;451:103-10
    • (2002) Eur. J. Pharmacol. , vol.451 , pp. 103-110
    • Sanna, E.1    Busonero, F.2    Talani, G.3
  • 83
    • 0033974316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of residual sedation following middle-of-the - Night zaleplon administration in sleep maintenance insomnia
    • Walsh JK, Pollak CP, Scharf MB, et al. Lack of residual sedation following middle-of-the-night zaleplon administration in sleep maintenance insomnia. Clin Neuropharmacol 2000;23:17-21
    • (2000) Clin. Neuropharmacol. , vol.23 , pp. 17-21
    • Walsh, J.K.1    Pollak, C.P.2    Scharf, M.B.3
  • 84
    • 33751118748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sleep and residual sedation after administration of zaleplon, zolpidem, and placebo during experimental middle-ofthe- night awakening
    • Zammit GK, Corser B, Doghramji K, et al. Sleep and residual sedation after administration of zaleplon, zolpidem, and placebo during experimental middle-ofthe- night awakening. J Clin Sleep Med 2006;2:417-23
    • (2006) J. Clin. Sleep Med. , vol.2 , pp. 417-423
    • Zammit, G.K.1    Corser, B.2    Doghramji, K.3
  • 85
    • 79952835153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A double-blind, randomized, comparative study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of zaleplon versus zolpidem in shortening sleep latency in primary insomnia
    • Huang YS, Hsu SC, Liu SI, Chen CK. A double-blind, randomized, comparative study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of zaleplon versus zolpidem in shortening sleep latency in primary insomnia. Chang Gung Med J 2011;34:50-6
    • (2011) Chang. Gung. Med. J. , vol.34 , pp. 50-6
    • Huang, Y.S.1    Hsu, S.C.2    Liu, S.I.3    Chen, C.K.4
  • 86
    • 0000248586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zaleplon, a novel nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic, effectively treats insomnia in elderly patients without causing rebound effects
    • Ancoli-Israel S, Walsh JK, Mangano RM, Fujimori M. Zaleplon, a novel nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic, effectively treats insomnia in elderly patients without causing rebound effects. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry 1999;1:114-20
    • (1999) Prim. Care Companion. J. Clin. Psychiatry , vol.1 , pp. 114-120
    • Ancoli-Israel, S.1    Walsh, J.K.2    Mangano, R.M.3    Fujimori, M.4
  • 87
    • 0030910577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Minimal rebound insomnia after treatment with 10-mg zolpidem
    • Ware JC, Walsh JK, Scharf MB, et al. Minimal rebound insomnia after treatment with 10-mg zolpidem. Clin Neuropharmacol 1997;20:116-25
    • (1997) Clin. Neuropharmacol. , vol.20 , pp. 116-125
    • Ware, J.C.1    Walsh, J.K.2    Scharf, M.B.3
  • 88
    • 84858827460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twelve months of nightly zolpidem does not lead to rebound insomnia or withdrawal symptoms: A prospective placebo-controlled study
    • Epub ahead of print]
    • Roehrs TA, Randall S, Harris E, et al. Twelve months of nightly zolpidem does not lead to rebound insomnia or withdrawal symptoms: a prospective placebo-controlled study. J Psychopharmacol 2011. [Epub ahead of print]
    • (2011) J. Psychopharmacol.
    • Roehrs, T.A.1    Randall, S.2    Harris, E.3
  • 89
    • 84861395317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lunesta [package insert]. MA:
    • Lunesta [package insert]. Sepracor; Marlborough, MA: 2005
    • (2005) Sepracor; Marlborough
  • 90
    • 1842463058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sustained efficacy of eszopiclone over 6 months of nightly treatment: Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in adults with chronic insomnia
    • Krystal AD, Walsh JK, Laska E, et al. Sustained efficacy of eszopiclone over 6 months of nightly treatment: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in adults with chronic insomnia. Sleep 2003;26:793-9
    • (2003) Sleep , vol.26 , pp. 793-799
    • Krystal, A.D.1    Walsh, J.K.2    Laska, E.3
  • 91
    • 13144294025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of eszopiclone across 6-weeks of treatment for primary insomnia
    • Zammit GK, McNabb LJ, Caron J, et al. Efficacy and safety of eszopiclone across 6-weeks of treatment for primary insomnia. Curr Med Res Opin 2004;20:1979-91
    • (2004) Curr. Med. Res. Opin. , vol.20 , pp. 1979-1991
    • Zammit, G.K.1    McNabb, L.J.2    Caron, J.3
  • 92
    • 34547677719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nightly treatment of primary insomnia with eszopiclone for six months: Effect on sleep, quality of life, and work limitations
    • Walsh JK, Krystal AD, Amato DA, et al. Nightly treatment of primary insomnia with eszopiclone for six months: effect on sleep, quality of life, and work limitations. Sleep 2007;30:959-68
    • (2007) Sleep , vol.30 , pp. 959-968
    • Walsh, J.K.1    Krystal, A.D.2    Amato, D.A.3
  • 93
    • 20444417371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 2-week efficacy and safety study of eszopiclone in elderly patients with primary insomnia
    • Scharf M, Erman M, Rosenberg R, et al. A 2-week efficacy and safety study of eszopiclone in elderly patients with primary insomnia. Sleep 2005;28:720-7
    • (2005) Sleep , vol.28 , pp. 720-727
    • Scharf, M.1    Erman, M.2    Rosenberg, R.3
  • 94
    • 33749005689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A polysomnography study of eszopiclone in elderly patients withinsomnia
    • McCall WV, Erman M, Krystal AD, et al. A polysomnography study of eszopiclone in elderly patients withinsomnia. Curr Med Res Opin 2006;22:1633-42
    • (2006) Curr. Med. Res. Opin. , vol.22 , pp. 1633-1642
    • McCall, W.V.1    Erman, M.2    Krystal, A.D.3
  • 95
    • 33845406163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eszopiclone in patients with insomnia during perimenopause and early postmenopause: A randomized controlled trial
    • Soares CN, Joffe H, Rubens R, et al. Eszopiclone in patients with insomnia during perimenopause and early postmenopause: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol 2006;108:1402-10
    • (2006) Obstet. Gynecol. , vol.108 , pp. 1402-1410
    • Soares, C.N.1    Joffe, H.2    Rubens, R.3
  • 96
    • 33744905209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eszopiclone co-administered with fluoxetine in patients with insomnia coexisting with major depressive disorder
    • Fava M, McCall WV, Krystal A, et al. Eszopiclone co-administered with fluoxetine in patients with insomnia coexisting with major depressive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 2006;59:1052-60
    • (2006) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.59 , pp. 1052-1060
    • Fava, M.1    McCall, W.V.2    Krystal, A.3
  • 97
    • 43149106481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eszopiclone coadministered with escitalopram in patients with insomnia and comorbid generalized anxiety disorder
    • Pollack M, Kinrys G, Krystal A, et al. Eszopiclone coadministered with escitalopram in patients with insomnia and comorbid generalized anxiety disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2008;65:551-62
    • (2008) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.65 , pp. 551-562
    • Pollack, M.1    Kinrys, G.2    Krystal, A.3
  • 98
    • 74749107685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eszopiclone improves insomnia and depressive and anxious symptoms in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with hot flashes: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover trial
    • Joffe H, Petrillo L, Viguera A, et al. Eszopiclone improves insomnia and depressive and anxious symptoms in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with hot flashes: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010;202:171; e171-171 e111
    • (2010) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. , vol.202 , Issue.171
    • Joffe, H.1    Petrillo, L.2    Viguera, A.3
  • 99
    • 79960725559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved insomnia symptoms and sleep-related next-day functioning in patients with comorbid major depressive disorder and insomnia following concomitant zolpidem extended-release 12.5 mg and escitalopram treatment: A randomized controlled trial
    • Fava M, Asnis GM, Shrivastava RK, et al. Improved insomnia symptoms and sleep-related next-day functioning in patients with comorbid major depressive disorder and insomnia following concomitant zolpidem extended-release 12.5 mg and escitalopram treatment: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry 2011;72:914-28
    • (2011) J. Clin. Psychiatry , vol.72 , pp. 914-928
    • Fava, M.1    Asnis, G.M.2    Shrivastava, R.K.3
  • 100
    • 79960728972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eszopiclone for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder and associated insomnia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • Pollack MH, Hoge EA, Worthington JJ, et al. Eszopiclone for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder and associated insomnia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry 2011;72:892-7
    • (2011) J. Clin. Psychiatry , vol.72 , pp. 892-897
    • Pollack, M.H.1    Hoge, E.A.2    Worthington, J.J.3
  • 101
    • 79955510041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A post hoc analysis of the effect of nightly administration of eszopiclone and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in patients with insomnia and anxious depression
    • Fava M, Schaefer K, Huang H, et al. A post hoc analysis of the effect of nightly administration of eszopiclone and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor in patients with insomnia and anxious depression. J Clin Psychiatry 2011;72:473-9
    • (2011) J. Clin. Psychiatry , vol.72 , pp. 473-479
    • Fava, M.1    Schaefer, K.2    Huang, H.3
  • 102
    • 27944440927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of the efficacy and safety of eszopiclone over 12 months in patients with chronic primary insomnia
    • Roth T, Walsh JK, Krystal A, et al. An evaluation of the efficacy and safety of eszopiclone over 12 months in patients with chronic primary insomnia. Sleep Med 2005;6:487-95
    • (2005) Sleep Med.. , vol.6 , pp. 487-495
    • Roth, T.1    Walsh, J.K.2    Krystal, A.3
  • 103
    • 79955597670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are hypnotic benzodiazepine receptor agonists teratogenic in humans
    • Wikner BN, Kallen B. Are hypnotic benzodiazepine receptor agonists teratogenic in humans? J Clin Psychopharmacol 2011;31:356-9
    • (2011) J. Clin. Psychopharmacol. , vol.31 , pp. 356-359
    • Wikner, B.N.1    Kallen, B.2
  • 104
    • 67549122376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A compendium of placebo-controlled trials of the risks/ benefits of pharmacological treatments for insomnia: The empirical basis for US clinical practice
    • Krystal AD. A compendium of placebo-controlled trials of the risks/ benefits of pharmacological treatments for insomnia: the empirical basis for U.S. clinical practice. Sleep Med Rev 2009;13:265-74
    • (2009) Sleep Med.. Rev. , vol.13 , pp. 265-274
    • Krystal, A.D.1
  • 105
    • 12244286055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ramelteon (TAK-375) accelerates reentrainment of circadian rhythm after a phase advance of the light-dark cycle in rats
    • Hirai K, Kita M, Ohta H, et al. Ramelteon (TAK-375) accelerates reentrainment of circadian rhythm after a phase advance of the light-dark cycle in rats. J Biol Rhythms 2005;20:27-37
    • (2005) J. Biol. Rhythms. , vol.20 , pp. 27-37
    • Hirai, K.1    Kita, M.2    Ohta, H.3
  • 106
    • 12244294179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sleep-promoting action of ramelteon (TAK-375) in freely moving cats
    • Miyamoto M, Nishikawa H, Doken Y, et al. The sleep-promoting action of ramelteon (TAK-375) in freely moving cats. Sleep 2004;27:1319-25
    • (2004) Sleep , vol.27 , pp. 1319-1325
    • Miyamoto, M.1    Nishikawa, H.2    Doken, Y.3
  • 107
    • 0031886418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of melatonin and circadian phase in age-related sleep-maintenance insomnia: Assessment in a clinical trial of melatonin replacement
    • Hughes RJ, Sack RL, Lewy AJ. The role of melatonin and circadian phase in age-related sleep-maintenance insomnia: assessment in a clinical trial of melatonin replacement. Sleep 1998;21:52-68
    • (1998) Sleep , vol.21 , pp. 52-68
    • Hughes, R.J.1    Sack, R.L.2    Lewy, A.J.3
  • 108
    • 0029090156 scopus 로고
    • Melatonin replacement therapy of elderly insomniacs
    • Haimov I, Lavie P, Laudon M, et al. Melatonin replacement therapy of elderly insomniacs. Sleep 1995;18:598-603
    • (1995) Sleep , vol.18 , pp. 598-603
    • Haimov, I.1    Lavie, P.2    Laudon, M.3
  • 109
    • 0025878649 scopus 로고
    • The effects of exogenous melatonin on the total sleep time and daytime alertness of chronic insomniacs: A preliminary study
    • MacFarlane JG, Cleghorn JM, Brown GM, Streiner DL. The effects of exogenous melatonin on the total sleep time and daytime alertness of chronic insomniacs: a preliminary study. Biol Psychiatry 1991;30:371-6
    • (1991) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.30 , pp. 371-376
    • MacFarlane, J.G.1    Cleghorn, J.M.2    Brown, G.M.3    Streiner, D.L.4
  • 110
    • 0037831118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of primary insomnia with melatonin: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study
    • Montes LGA, Ontiveros Uribe MP, Cortes Sotres J. Treatment of primary insomnia with melatonin: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2003;28:6
    • (2003) J. Psychiatry Neurosci. , vol.28 , pp. 6
    • Montes, L.G.A.1    Ontiveros Uribe, M.P.2    Cortes Sotres, J.3
  • 111
    • 11844256418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of exogenous melatonin on sleep: A meta-analysis
    • Brzezinski A, Vangel MG, Wurtman RJ, et al. Effects of exogenous melatonin on sleep: a meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 2005;9:41-50
    • (2005) Sleep Med.. Rev. , vol.9 , pp. 41-50
    • Brzezinski, A.1    Vangel, M.G.2    Wurtman, R.J.3
  • 112
    • 0346727185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nocturnal 6-sulfatoxymelatonin excretion in insomnia and its relation to the response to melatonin replacement therapy
    • Leger D, Laudon M, Zisapel N. Nocturnal 6-sulfatoxymelatonin excretion in insomnia and its relation to the response to melatonin replacement therapy. Am J Med 2004;116:91-5
    • (2004) Am. J. Med. , vol.116 , pp. 91-95
    • Leger, D.1    Laudon, M.2    Zisapel, N.3
  • 113
    • 0028105342 scopus 로고
    • Sleep disorders and melatonin rhythms in elderly people
    • Haimov I, Laudon M, Zisapel N, et al. Sleep disorders and melatonin rhythms in elderly people. BMJ 1994;309:167
    • (1994) BMJ , vol.309 , pp. 167
    • Haimov, I.1    Laudon, M.2    Zisapel, N.3
  • 114
    • 0034642063 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Entrainment of free-running circadian rhythms by melatonin in blind people
    • Sack RL, Brandes RW, Kendall AR, Lewy AJ. Entrainment of free-running circadian rhythms by melatonin in blind people. N Engl J Med 2000;343:1070-7
    • (2000) N. Engl. J. Med. , vol.343 , pp. 1070-077
    • Sack, R.L.1    Brandes, R.W.2    Kendall, A.R.3    Lewy, A.J.4
  • 115
    • 70449704975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New approaches in the management of insomnia: Weighing the advantages of prolonged-release melatonin and synthetic melatoninergic agonists
    • Hardeland R. New approaches in the management of insomnia: weighing the advantages of prolonged-release melatonin and synthetic melatoninergic agonists. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2009;5:341-54
    • (2009) Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat. , vol.5 , pp. 341-354
    • Hardeland, R.1
  • 116
    • 78651399199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of melatonin, magnesium, and zinc on primary insomnia in long-term care facility residents in Italy: A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
    • Rondanelli M, Opizzi A, Monteferrario F, et al. The effect of melatonin, magnesium, and zinc on primary insomnia in long-term care facility residents in Italy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 2011;59:82-90
    • (2011) J. Am. Geriatr. Soc. , vol.59 , pp. 82-90
    • Rondanelli, M.1    Opizzi, A.2    Monteferrario, F.3
  • 117
    • 84861354363 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rozerem [package insert]. Lincolnshire Ill:
    • Rozerem [package insert]. Takeda Laboratories; Lincolnshire, Ill: 2005
    • (2005)
    • Takeda Laboratories1
  • 118
    • 33645402334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melatonin receptors in humans: Biological role and clinical relevance
    • Ekmekcioglu C. Melatonin receptors in humans: biological role and clinical relevance. Biomed Pharmacother 2006;60:97-108
    • (2006) Biomed. Pharmacother. , vol.60 , pp. 97-108
    • Ekmekcioglu, C.1
  • 119
    • 19544392986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of the absorbtion, metabolism and excretion of ramelteon (TAK-375) [abstract
    • Stevenson S, Cornelissen K, Clarke E. Study of the absorbtion, metabolism and excretion of ramelteon (TAK-375) [abstract]. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2004;75:1
    • (2004) Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. , vol.75 , pp. 1
    • Stevenson, S.1    Cornelissen, K.2    Clarke, E.3
  • 120
    • 19544366192 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the single and multiple doses pharmacokinetics of ramelteon (TAK-375) in subjects with and without renal impairment [abstract
    • Tolbert DK, Karim A, Zhao Z. Evaluation of the single and multiple doses pharmacokinetics of ramelteon (TAK-375) in subjects with and without renal impairment [abstract]. J Clin Pharmacol 2004;44:1
    • (2004) J. Clin. Pharmacol. , vol.44 , pp. 1
    • Tolbert, D.K.1    Karim, A.2    Zhao, Z.3
  • 121
    • 19544363895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of multiple doses of fluoxetine on the systemic exposure of a single dose of ramelteon (TAK-375) in healthy adults [abstract
    • Sainati SMK, A, Tolbert D. Effects of multiple doses of fluoxetine on the systemic exposure of a single dose of ramelteon (TAK-375) in healthy adults [abstract]. Sleep 2004;27
    • (2004) Sleep , vol.27
    • Sainati, S.M.K.A.1    Tolbert, D.2
  • 122
    • 19544373072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of fluconazole and ketoconazole on the pharmacokinetics of ramelteon (TAK-376) in normal healthy male and female subjects [abstract
    • Karim AT, Tolbert D, Cao C. Effects of fluconazole and ketoconazole on the pharmacokinetics of ramelteon (TAK-376) in normal healthy male and female subjects [abstract]. Sleep 2004;27:2
    • (2004) Sleep , vol.27 , pp. 2
    • Karim, A.T.1    Tolbert, D.2    Cao, C.3
  • 123
    • 14644426021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ramelteon (TAK-375), a selective MT1/MT2- receptor agonist, reduces latency to persistent sleep in a model of transient insomnia related to a novel sleep environment
    • Roth T, Stubbs C, Walsh JK. Ramelteon (TAK-375), a selective MT1/MT2- receptor agonist, reduces latency to persistent sleep in a model of transient insomnia related to a novel sleep environment. Sleep 2005;28:303-7
    • (2005) Sleep , vol.28 , pp. 303-307
    • Roth, T.1    Stubbs, C.2    Walsh, J.K.3
  • 124
    • 29844447353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An efficacy, safety, and dose-response study of Ramelteon in patients with chronic primary insomnia
    • Erman M, Seiden D, Zammit G, et al. An efficacy, safety, and dose-response study of Ramelteon in patients with chronic primary insomnia. Sleep Med 2006;7:17-24
    • (2006) Sleep Med.. , vol.7 , pp. 17-24
    • Erman, M.1    Seiden, D.2    Zammit, G.3
  • 125
    • 84861414294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double-blind placebo-controlled polysomnography and outpatient trial to evaluate the efficacy of ramelteon in adult patients with chronic insomnia [abstract
    • Zammit GR, Roth T, Erman M. Double-blind placebo-controlled polysomnography and outpatient trial to evaluate the efficacy of ramelteon in adult patients with chronic insomnia [abstract]. Sleep 2006;28:1
    • (2006) Sleep , vol.28 , pp. 1
    • Zammit, G.R.1    Roth, T.2    Erman, M.3
  • 126
    • 33646925615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ramelteon on patient-reported sleep latency in older adults with chronic insomnia
    • Roth T, Seiden D, Sainati S, et al. Effects of ramelteon on patient-reported sleep latency in older adults with chronic insomnia. Sleep Med 2006;7:312-18
    • (2006) Sleep Med. , vol.7 , pp. 312-318
    • Roth, T.1    Seiden, D.2    Sainati, S.3
  • 127
    • 33947519670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age and gender effects on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ramelteon, a hypnotic agent acting via melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2
    • Greenblatt DJ, Harmatz JS, Karim A. Age and gender effects on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ramelteon, a hypnotic agent acting via melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2. J Clin Pharmacol 2007;47:485-96
    • (2007) J. Clin. Pharmacol. , vol.47 , pp. 485-496
    • Greenblatt, D.J.1    Harmatz, J.S.2    Karim, A.3
  • 128
    • 0346452179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A safety, tolerance and pharmacokinetic study of five single doses of TAK-375 in healthy adults
    • Stubbs C, Karim A. A safety, tolerance and pharmacokinetic study of five single doses of TAK-375 in healthy adults. Sleep 2003;26:1
    • (2003) Sleep , vol.26 , pp. 1
    • Stubbs, C.1    Karim, A.2
  • 129
    • 33749390304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ramelteon: A novel hypnotic lacking abuse liability and sedative adverse effects
    • Johnson MW, Suess PE, Griffiths RR. Ramelteon: a novel hypnotic lacking abuse liability and sedative adverse effects. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006;63:1149-57
    • (2006) Arch. Gen. Psychiatry , vol.63 , pp. 1149-1157
    • Johnson, M.W.1    Suess, P.E.2    Griffiths, R.R.3
  • 131
    • 13444259587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neurochemical properties of ramelteon (TAK-375), a selective MT1/ MT2 receptor agonist
    • Kato K, Hirai K, Nishiyama K, et al. Neurochemical properties of ramelteon (TAK-375), a selective MT1/ MT2 receptor agonist. Neuropharmacology 2005;48:301-10
    • (2005) Neuropharmacology , vol.48 , pp. 301-310
    • Kato, K.1    Hirai, K.2    Nishiyama, K.3
  • 133
    • 53949107676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melatonin and its agonists: An update
    • Arendt J, Rajaratnam SM. Melatonin and its agonists: an update. Br J Psychiatry 2008;193:267-9
    • (2008) Br. J. Psychiatry , vol.193 , pp. 267-269
    • Arendt, J.1    Rajaratnam, S.M.2
  • 134
    • 59249087280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melatonin agonist tasimelteon (VEC-162) for transient insomnia after sleep-time shift: Two randomised controlled multicentre trials
    • Rajaratnam SM, Polymeropoulos MH, Fisher DM, et al. Melatonin agonist tasimelteon (VEC-162) for transient insomnia after sleep-time shift: two randomised controlled multicentre trials. Lancet 2009;373:482-91
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.373 , pp. 482-491
    • Rajaratnam, S.M.1    Polymeropoulos, M.H.2    Fisher, D.M.3
  • 135
    • 68249105543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tasimelteon, a melatonin agonist for the treatment of insomnia and circadian rhythm sleep disorders
    • Hardeland R. Tasimelteon, a melatonin agonist for the treatment of insomnia and circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2009;10:691-701
    • (2009) Curr. Opin. Investig. Drugs , vol.10 , pp. 691-701
    • Hardeland, R.1
  • 136
    • 80052849856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Agomelatine: A narrative review
    • Demyttenaere K. Agomelatine: a narrative review. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2011;21(Suppl 4):S703-9
    • (2011) Eur. Neuropsychopharmacol. , vol.21 , Issue.SUPPL. 4
    • Demyttenaere, K.1
  • 137
    • 67649418003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of the novel antidepressant and melatonin agonist/ serotonin2C receptor antagonist, agomelatine, on the rat sleep-wake cycle architecture
    • Descamps A, Rousset C, Millan MJ, et al. Influence of the novel antidepressant and melatonin agonist/ serotonin2C receptor antagonist, agomelatine, on the rat sleep-wake cycle architecture. Psychopharmacology 2009;205:93-106
    • (2009) Psychopharmacology , vol.205 , pp. 93-106
    • Descamps, A.1    Rousset, C.2    Millan, M.J.3
  • 138
    • 24144461633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase-shifts of 24-h rhythms of hormonal release and body temperature following early evening administration of the melatonin agonist agomelatine in healthy older men
    • Leproult R, Van Onderbergen A, L'Hermite-Baleriaux M, et al. Phase-shifts of 24-h rhythms of hormonal release and body temperature following early evening administration of the melatonin agonist agomelatine in healthy older men. Clin Endocrinol 2005;63:298-304
    • (2005) Clin. Endocrinol. , vol.63 , pp. 298-304
    • Leproult, R.1    Van Onderbergen, A.2    L'Hermite-Baleriaux, M.3
  • 139
    • 11144334174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drugs used to treat insomnia in 2002: Regulatory-based rather than evidence-based medicine
    • Walsh JK. Drugs used to treat insomnia in 2002: regulatory-based rather than evidence-based medicine. Sleep 2004;27:1441-2
    • (2004) Sleep , vol.27 , pp. 1441-442
    • Walsh, J.K.1
  • 140
    • 17844392614 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of the evidence for the efficacy and safety of trazodone in insomnia
    • Mendelson WB. A review of the evidence for the efficacy and safety of trazodone in insomnia. J Clin Psychiatry 2005;66:469-76
    • (2005) J. Clin. Psychiatry , vol.66 , pp. 469-476
    • Mendelson, W.B.1
  • 141
    • 7144226575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subjective hypnotic efficacy of trazodone and zolpidem in DSM-III-R primary insomnia
    • Walsh JKE, Erman M, Erwin CW. Subjective hypnotic efficacy of trazodone and zolpidem in DSM-III-R primary insomnia. Hum Psychopharmacol 1998;13:8
    • (1998) Hum. Psychopharmacol. , vol.13 , pp. 8
    • Walsh, J.K.E.1    Erman, M.2    Erwin, C.W.3
  • 142
    • 0031659471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of trazodone hydrochloride and imipramine on polysomnography in healthy subjects
    • Yamadera H, Nakamura S, Suzuki H, Endo S. Effects of trazodone hydrochloride and imipramine on polysomnography in healthy subjects. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1998;52:439-43
    • (1998) Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. , vol.52 , pp. 439-443
    • Yamadera, H.1    Nakamura, S.2    Suzuki, H.3    Endo, S.4
  • 143
    • 0020556153 scopus 로고
    • Trazodone enhances sleep in subjective quality but not in objective duration
    • Montgomery I, Oswald I, Morgan K, Adam K. Trazodone enhances sleep in subjective quality but not in objective duration. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1983;16:139-44
    • (1983) Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. , vol.16 , pp. 139-144
    • Montgomery, I.1    Oswald, I.2    Morgan, K.3    Adam, K.4
  • 144
    • 0023840023 scopus 로고
    • Priapism associated with trazodone therapy
    • Carson CC III, Mino RD. Priapism associated with trazodone therapy. The Journal of Urology 1988;139:369-70
    • (1988) Journal of Urology , vol.139 , pp. 369-370
    • Carson III, C.C.1    Mino, R.D.2
  • 145
    • 39749195271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Most commonly used drugs to treat insomnia in 2002
    • Compton-Mcbride SS, Schweitzer PK, Walsh JK. Most commonly used drugs to treat insomnia in 2002. Sleep 2004;27(Suppl):1
    • (2004) Sleep , vol.27 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 1
    • Compton-Mcbride, S.S.1    Schweitzer, P.K.2    Walsh, J.K.3
  • 146
    • 18644379522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trimipramine in primary insomnia: Results of a polysomnographic double-blind controlled study
    • Riemann D, Voderholzer U, Cohrs S, et al. Trimipramine in primary insomnia: results of a polysomnographic double-blind controlled study. Pharmacopsychiatry 2002;35:165-74
    • (2002) Pharmacopsychiatry , vol.35 , pp. 165-174
    • Riemann, D.1    Voderholzer, U.2    Cohrs, S.3
  • 147
    • 0028070902 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of primary insomnia with trimipramine: An alternative to benzodiazepine hypnotics
    • Hohagen F, Montero RF, Weiss E, et al. Treatment of primary insomnia with trimipramine: an alternative to benzodiazepine hypnotics? Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1994;244:65-72
    • (1994) Eur. Arch. Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. , vol.244 , pp. 65-72
    • Hohagen, F.1    Montero, R.F.2    Weiss, E.3
  • 148
    • 3543069021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative effects of mirtazapine and fluoxetine on sleep physiology measures in patients with major depression and insomnia
    • Winokur A, DeMartinis NA III, McNally DP, et al. Comparative effects of mirtazapine and fluoxetine on sleep physiology measures in patients with major depression and insomnia. J Clin Psychiatry 2003;64:1224-9
    • (2003) J. Clin. Psychiatry , vol.64 , pp. 1224-229
    • Winokur, A.1    DeMartinis III, N.A.2    McNally, D.P.3
  • 149
    • 0036977524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of mirtazapine on sleep polygraphic variables in major depression
    • Schittecatte M, Dumont F, Machowski R, et al. Effects of mirtazapine on sleep polygraphic variables in major depression. Neuropsychobiology 2002;46:197-201
    • (2002) Neuropsychobiology , vol.46 , pp. 197-201
    • Schittecatte, M.1    Dumont, F.2    Machowski, R.3
  • 150
    • 0034237749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute effects of mirtazapine on sleep continuity and sleep architecture in depressed patients: A pilot study
    • Winokur A, Sateia MJ, Hayes JB, et al. Acute effects of mirtazapine on sleep continuity and sleep architecture in depressed patients: a pilot study. Biol Psychiatry 2000;48:75-8
    • (2000) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.48 , pp. 75-78
    • Winokur, A.1    Sateia, M.J.2    Hayes, J.B.3
  • 151
    • 0021963570 scopus 로고
    • A double-blind group comparative study using the new anti-depressant Org 3770, placebo and diazepam in patients with expected insomnia and anxiety before elective gynaecological surgery
    • Sorensen M, Jorgensen J, Viby-Mogensen J, et al. A double-blind group comparative study using the new anti-depressant Org 3770, placebo and diazepam in patients with expected insomnia and anxiety before elective gynaecological surgery. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1985;71:339-46
    • (1985) Acta. Psychiatr. Scand. , vol.71 , pp. 339-346
    • Sorensen, M.1    Jorgensen, J.2    Viby-Mogensen, J.3
  • 152
    • 0346973887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sleep-improving effects of doxepin are paralleled by a normalized plasma cortisol secretion in primary insomnia A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized, cross-over study followed by an open treatment over 3 weeks
    • Rodenbeck A, Cohrs S, Jordan W, et al. The sleep-improving effects of doxepin are paralleled by a normalized plasma cortisol secretion in primary insomnia. A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized, cross-over study followed by an open treatment over 3 weeks. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2003;170:423-8
    • (2003) Psychopharmacology (Berl. , vol.170 , pp. 423-428
    • Rodenbeck, A.1    Cohrs, S.2    Jordan, W.3
  • 153
    • 0029811453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nocturnal melatonin secretion and sleep after doxepin administration in chronic primary insomnia
    • Hajak G, Rodenbeck A, Adler L, et al. Nocturnal melatonin secretion and sleep after doxepin administration in chronic primary insomnia. Pharmacopsychiatry 1996;29:187-92
    • (1996) Pharmacopsychiatry , vol.29 , pp. 187-192
    • Hajak, G.1    Rodenbeck, A.2    Adler, L.3
  • 154
    • 0034905737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Doxepin in the treatment of primary insomnia: A placebo-controlled, double-blind, polysomnographic study
    • Hajak G, Rodenbeck A, Voderholzer U, et al. Doxepin in the treatment of primary insomnia: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, polysomnographic study. J Clin Psychiatry 2001;62:453-63
    • (2001) J. Clin. Psychiatry , vol.62 , pp. 453-463
    • Hajak, G.1    Rodenbeck, A.2    Voderholzer, U.3
  • 156
    • 78649842406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of doxepin 1 mg and 3 mg in a 12-week sleep laboratory and outpatient trial of elderly subjects with chronic primary insomnia
    • Krystal AD, Durrence HH, Scharf M, et al. Efficacy and safety of doxepin 1 mg and 3 mg in a 12-week sleep laboratory and outpatient trial of elderly subjects with chronic primary insomnia. Sleep 2010;33:1553-61
    • (2010) Sleep , vol.33 , pp. 1553-1561
    • Krystal, A.D.1    Durrence, H.H.2    Scharf, M.3
  • 157
    • 0033029111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olanzapine acute administration in schizophrenic patients increases delta sleep and sleep efficiency
    • Salin-Pascual RJ, Herrera-Estrella M, Galicia Polo L. Olanzapine acute administration in schizophrenic patients increases delta sleep and sleep efficiency. Biol Psychiatry 1999;46:3
    • (1999) Biol. Psychiatry , vol.46 , pp. 3
    • Salin-Pascual, R.J.1    Herrera-Estrella, M.2    Galicia Polo, L.3
  • 158
    • 33644659911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tiagabine increases slow-wave sleep in a dose-dependent fashion without affecting traditional efficacy measures in adults with primary insomnia
    • Walsh JK, Perlis M, Rosenthal M, et al. Tiagabine increases slow-wave sleep in a dose-dependent fashion without affecting traditional efficacy measures in adults with primary insomnia. J Clin Sleep Med 2006;2:35-41
    • (2006) J. Clin. Sleep Med. , vol.2 , pp. 35-41
    • Walsh, J.K.1    Perlis, M.2    Rosenthal, M.3
  • 159
    • 33745793049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of tiagabine on sleep in elderly subjectswith primary insomnia: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
    • Roth T, Wright KP Jr, Walsh J. Effect of tiagabine on sleep in elderly subjectswith primary insomnia: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Sleep 2006;29:335-41
    • (2006) Sleep , vol.29 , pp. 335-341
    • Roth, T.1    Wright Jr., K.P.2    Walsh, J.3
  • 160
    • 33947695768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of short-term treatment with gaboxadol on sleep maintenance and initiation in patients with primary insomnia
    • Deacon S, Staner L, Staner C, et al. Effect of short-term treatment with gaboxadol on sleep maintenance and initiation in patients with primary insomnia. Sleep 2007;30:281-7
    • (2007) Sleep , vol.30 , pp. 281-287
    • Deacon, S.1    Staner, L.2    Staner, C.3
  • 161
    • 35248886132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short-term treatment with gaboxadol improves sleep maintenance and enhances slow wave sleep in adult patients with primary insomnia
    • Lundahl J, Staner L, Staner C, et al. Short-term treatment with gaboxadol improves sleep maintenance and enhances slow wave sleep in adult patients with primary insomnia. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2007;195:139-46
    • (2007) Psychopharmacology (Berl. , vol.195 , pp. 139-146
    • Lundahl, J.1    Staner, L.2    Staner, C.3
  • 162
    • 0033799076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inverse agonist activity of atypical antipsychotic drugs at human 5-hydroxytryptamine2C receptors
    • Herrick-Davis K, Grinde E, Teitler M. Inverse agonist activity of atypical antipsychotic drugs at human 5-hydroxytryptamine2C receptors. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2000;295:226-32
    • (2000) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.295 , pp. 226-232
    • Herrick-Davis, K.1    Grinde, E.2    Teitler, M.3
  • 163
    • 80053146959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antagonist functional selectivity: 5-HT2A serotonin receptor antagonists differentially regulate 5-HT2A receptor protein level in vivo
    • Yadav PN, Kroeze WK, Farrell MS, Roth BL. Antagonist functional selectivity: 5-HT2A serotonin receptor antagonists differentially regulate 5-HT2A receptor protein level in vivo. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2011;339:99-105
    • (2011) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.339 , pp. 99-105
    • Yadav, P.N.1    Kroeze, W.K.2    Farrell, M.S.3    Roth, B.L.4
  • 164
    • 79251616591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pimavanserin tartrate, a 5-HT(2A) receptor inverse agonist, increases slow wave sleep as measured by polysomnography in healthy adult volunteers
    • Ancoli-Israel S, Vanover KE, Weiner DM, et al. Pimavanserin tartrate, a 5-HT(2A) receptor inverse agonist, increases slow wave sleep as measured by polysomnography in healthy adult volunteers. Sleep Med 2011;12:134-41
    • (2011) Sleep Med. , vol.12 , pp. 134-141
    • Ancoli-Israel, S.1    Vanover, K.E.2    Weiner, D.M.3
  • 165
    • 73949098111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nelotanserin, a novel selective human 5-hydroxytryptamine2A inverse agonist for the treatment of insomnia
    • Al-Shamma HA, Anderson C, Chuang E, et al. Nelotanserin, a novel selective human 5-hydroxytryptamine2A inverse agonist for the treatment of insomnia. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010;332:281-90
    • (2010) J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , vol.332 , pp. 281-290
    • Al-Shamma, H.A.1    Anderson, C.2    Chuang, E.3
  • 166
    • 20444450115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serotonergic systems associated with arousal and vigilance behaviors following administration of anxiogenic drugs
    • Abrams JK, Johnson PL, Hay-Schmidt A, et al. Serotonergic systems associated with arousal and vigilance behaviors following administration of anxiogenic drugs. Neuroscience 2005;133:983-97
    • (2005) Neuroscience , vol.133 , pp. 983-997
    • Abrams, J.K.1    Johnson, P.L.2    Hay-Schmidt, A.3
  • 167
    • 35748966419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GABA A/Bz receptor subtypes as targets for selective drugs
    • Da Settimo F, Taliani S, Trincavelli ML, et al. GABA A/Bz receptor subtypes as targets for selective drugs. Curr Med Chem 2007;14:2680-701
    • (2007) Curr. Med. Chem. , vol.14 , pp. 2680-701
    • Da Settimo, F.1    Taliani, S.2    Trincavelli, M.L.3
  • 168
    • 79951994324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orexin receptors: Pharmacology and therapeutic opportunities
    • Scammell TE, Winrow CJ. Orexin receptors: pharmacology and therapeutic opportunities. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2011;51:243-66
    • (2011) Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol. , vol.51 , pp. 243-266
    • Scammell, T.E.1    Winrow, C.J.2
  • 169
    • 77649157819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orexin receptor antagonists: A review of promising compounds patented since 2006
    • Coleman PJ, Renger JJ. Orexin receptor antagonists: a review of promising compounds patented since 2006. Expert Opinion Ther Patents 2010;20:307-24
    • (2010) Expert Opinion Ther. Patents. , vol.20 , pp. 307-324
    • Coleman, P.J.1    Renger, J.J.2
  • 171
    • 48249109864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orexin receptor antagonists: Medicinal chemistry and therapeutic potential
    • Roecker AJ, Coleman PJ. Orexin receptor antagonists: medicinal chemistry and therapeutic potential. Curr Top Med Chem 2008;8:977-87
    • (2008) Curr. Top. Med. Chem. , vol.8 , pp. 977-987
    • Roecker, A.J.1    Coleman, P.J.2
  • 172
    • 64349107463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biomedical application of orexin/ hypocretin receptor ligands in neuroscience
    • Boss C, Brisbare-Roch C, Jenck F. Biomedical application of Orexin/ Hypocretin receptor ligands in neuroscience. J Med Chem 2009;52:891-903
    • (2009) J. Med. Chem. , vol.52 , pp. 891-903
    • Boss, C.1    Brisbare-Roch, C.2    Jenck, F.3
  • 173
    • 84873067212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and tolerability of the dual orexin receptor antagonist MK-4305 in patients with primary insomnia: Randomized, controlled, adaptive crossover polysomnography study
    • 5 - 9 June; San Antonio, Texas; 2010
    • Herring W.J.B.Budd K.S.Hutzelmann J.et al. Efficacy and tolerability of the dual orexin receptor antagonist MK-4305 in patients with primary insomnia: Randomized, controlled, adaptive crossover polysomnography study Presented at SLEEP 2010, 24th Assoc. Prof. Sleep Soc.; 5 - 9 June; San Antonio, Texas; 2010
    • Presented at SLEEP 2010 24th Assoc. Prof. Sleep Soc.
    • Herring, W.J.B.1    Budd, K.S.2    Hutzelmann, J.3
  • 175
    • 79952978794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bis-amido piperidine derivatives as in vitro and in vivo potent dual orexin receptor antagonists
    • 16 - 20 August; Washington, D.C;
    • Di Fabio RG, Gerrard P, Porter R, et al. Bis-amido piperidine derivatives as in vitro and in vivo potent dual orexin receptor antagonists. Presented at 238th ACS Natl. Meeting; 16 - 20 August; Washington, D.C; 2009
    • (2009) Presented at 238th ACS Natl. Meeting
    • Di Fabio, R.G.1    Gerrard, P.2    Porter, R.3
  • 176
    • 84858337352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phase I studies on the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of SB-649868, a novel dual orexin receptor antagonist
    • Epub ahead of print]
    • Bettica P, Nucci G, Pyke C, et al. Phase I studies on the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of SB-649868, a novel dual orexin receptor antagonist. J Psychopharmacol 2011. [Epub ahead of print]
    • (2011) J. Psychopharmacol.
    • Bettica, P.1    Nucci, G.2    Pyke, C.3
  • 178
    • 79951991696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discovery of MK-4305: A novel orexin receptor antagonist for the treatment of insomnia
    • 21 - 25 March; San Francisco, CA;
    • Di Fabio RG, Gerrard P, Porter R, et al. Bis-amido piperidine derivatives as in vitro and in vivo potent dual orexin receptor antagonists. Presented at 238th ACS Natl. Meeting; 16 - 20 August; Washington, D.C; 2009
    • (2010) Presented at 239th ACS National Meeting
    • Coleman, P.C.1    Cox, C.2    Breslin, M.3
  • 182
    • 0027070394 scopus 로고
    • New epidemiologic findings about insomnia and its treatment
    • 34-39; discussion
    • Balter MB, Uhlenhuth EH. New epidemiologic findings about insomnia and its treatment. J Clin Psychiatry 1992;53(Suppl):34-39; discussion 40-32
    • (1992) J. Clin. Psychiatry , vol.53 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 40-32
    • Balter, M.B.1    Uhlenhuth, E.H.2
  • 183
    • 0031663348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heart rate variability in insomniacs and matched normal sleepers
    • Bonnet MH, Arand DL. Heart rate variability in insomniacs and matched normal sleepers. Psychosom Med 1998;60:610-15
    • (1998) Psychosom. Med. , vol.60 , pp. 610-615
    • Bonnet, M.H.1    Arand, D.L.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.