메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 112, Issue , 2012, Pages 45-69

From the single-scattering properties of ice crystals to climate prediction: A way forward

Author keywords

Cirrus; Climate; Electromagnetic and light scattering; Habit mixture models; Parameterization; Radiative transfer; Remote sensing

Indexed keywords

A-TRAIN; AIR CAVITY; BULK SCATTERING; CIRRUS; CLIMATE; CLIMATE PREDICTION; CLOUD PHYSICS; CONSTELLATION OF SATELLITES; ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRA; GEOMETRICAL COMPLEXITY; GEOMETRICAL SHAPES; HEXAGONAL ICE; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLES; ICE CRYSTAL SHAPES; ICE CRYSTALS; ICE MASS; LIGHT SCATTERING METHOD; MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTY; MIXTURE MODEL; NON-SPHERICAL; RADIATIVE EFFECTS; ROUGHENED SURFACES; SCATTERING AND ABSORPTION; SCATTERING MODEL; SIMULTANEOUS MEASUREMENT; SINGLE SCATTERING; SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION;

EID: 84860813728     PISSN: 01698095     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2012.04.010     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (157)

References (181)
  • 1
    • 0018997062 scopus 로고
    • Light scattering by randomly oriented spheroidal particles
    • Asano S., Sato M. Light scattering by randomly oriented spheroidal particles. Appl. Opt. 1980, 19:962-974.
    • (1980) Appl. Opt. , vol.19 , pp. 962-974
    • Asano, S.1    Sato, M.2
  • 2
    • 33750347878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In situ observations of the microphysical properties of wave, cirrus and anvil clouds. Part I. Wave clouds
    • Baker B.A., Lawson R.P. In situ observations of the microphysical properties of wave, cirrus and anvil clouds. Part I. Wave clouds. J. Atmos. Sci. 2006, 63:3160-3185.
    • (2006) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.63 , pp. 3160-3185
    • Baker, B.A.1    Lawson, R.P.2
  • 3
    • 0041381285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of infrared scattering from ice aggregates by use of a size-shape distribution of circular ice cylinders
    • Baran A.J. Simulation of infrared scattering from ice aggregates by use of a size-shape distribution of circular ice cylinders. Appl. Opt. 2003, 42:2811-2818.
    • (2003) Appl. Opt. , vol.42 , pp. 2811-2818
    • Baran, A.J.1
  • 4
    • 27644453507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dependence of cirrus infrared radiative properties on ice crystal geometry and shape of the size-distribution function
    • Baran A.J. The dependence of cirrus infrared radiative properties on ice crystal geometry and shape of the size-distribution function. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 2005, 131:1129-1142.
    • (2005) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.131 , pp. 1129-1142
    • Baran, A.J.1
  • 5
    • 67649528692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of the light scattering properties of cirrus
    • Baran A.J. A review of the light scattering properties of cirrus. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 2009, 110:1239-1260.
    • (2009) J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. , vol.110 , pp. 1239-1260
    • Baran, A.J.1
  • 6
    • 2142647874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the radiative properties of cirrus cloud at solar and thermal wavelengths: a test of model consistency using high-resolution airborne radiance measurements
    • Baran A., Francis P.N. On the radiative properties of cirrus cloud at solar and thermal wavelengths: a test of model consistency using high-resolution airborne radiance measurements. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 2004, 130:763-778.
    • (2004) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.130 , pp. 763-778
    • Baran, A.1    Francis, P.N.2
  • 8
    • 38849143166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A self-consistent scattering model for cirrus. 1: the solar region
    • Baran A.J., Labonnote L.-C. A self-consistent scattering model for cirrus. 1: the solar region. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 2007, 133:1899-18912.
    • (2007) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.133 , pp. 1899-18912
    • Baran, A.J.1    Labonnote, L.-C.2
  • 9
    • 0037707474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calculation of the single-scattering properties of randomly oriented hexagonal ice columns: a comparison of the T-matrix and the finite-difference time-domain methods
    • Baran A.J., Yang P., Havemann S. Calculation of the single-scattering properties of randomly oriented hexagonal ice columns: a comparison of the T-matrix and the finite-difference time-domain methods. Appl. Opt. 2001, 40:4376-4386.
    • (2001) Appl. Opt. , vol.40 , pp. 4376-4386
    • Baran, A.J.1    Yang, P.2    Havemann, S.3
  • 10
    • 0035472683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A scattering phase function for ice cloud: tests of applicability using aircraft and satellite multi-angle multiwavelength radiance measurements of cirrus
    • Baran A.J., Francis P.N., Labonnote L.-C., Doutriaux-Boucher M. A scattering phase function for ice cloud: tests of applicability using aircraft and satellite multi-angle multiwavelength radiance measurements of cirrus. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 2001, 127:2395-2416.
    • (2001) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.127 , pp. 2395-2416
    • Baran, A.J.1    Francis, P.N.2    Labonnote, L.-C.3    Doutriaux-Boucher, M.4
  • 11
    • 67649366348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing an ensemble model of cirrus ice crystals using mid-latitude in situ estimates of ice water content, volume extinction coefficient, and the total solar optical depth
    • Baran A.J., Connolly P.J., Lee C. Testing an ensemble model of cirrus ice crystals using mid-latitude in situ estimates of ice water content, volume extinction coefficient, and the total solar optical depth. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 2009, 110:1579-1598.
    • (2009) J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. , vol.110 , pp. 1579-1598
    • Baran, A.J.1    Connolly, P.J.2    Lee, C.3
  • 12
    • 79251517441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using in situ estimates of ice water content, volume extinction coefficient, and the total solar optical depth obtained during the tropical ACTIVE campaign to test an ensemble model of cirrus ice crystals
    • Baran A.J., Connolly P.J., Heymsfield A.J., Bansemer A. Using in situ estimates of ice water content, volume extinction coefficient, and the total solar optical depth obtained during the tropical ACTIVE campaign to test an ensemble model of cirrus ice crystals. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 2011, 137:199-218.
    • (2011) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.137 , pp. 199-218
    • Baran, A.J.1    Connolly, P.J.2    Heymsfield, A.J.3    Bansemer, A.4
  • 13
    • 80052534417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulating the equivalent radar reflectivity of cirrus at 94GHz using an ensemble model of cirrus ice crystals: a test of the Met office global numerical weather prediction model
    • Baran A.J., Bodas-Salcedo A., Cotton R., Lee C. Simulating the equivalent radar reflectivity of cirrus at 94GHz using an ensemble model of cirrus ice crystals: a test of the Met office global numerical weather prediction model. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 2011, 137:1547-1560.
    • (2011) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.137 , pp. 1547-1560
    • Baran, A.J.1    Bodas-Salcedo, A.2    Cotton, R.3    Lee, C.4
  • 14
    • 24944572068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bulk scattering properties for the remote sensing of ice clouds. Part I. Microphysical data and models
    • Baum B.A., Heymsfield A.J., Yang P., Bedka S.T. Bulk scattering properties for the remote sensing of ice clouds. Part I. Microphysical data and models. J. Appl. Meteorol. 2005, 44:1885-1895.
    • (2005) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.44 , pp. 1885-1895
    • Baum, B.A.1    Heymsfield, A.J.2    Yang, P.3    Bedka, S.T.4
  • 16
    • 79954612721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scattering and absorption of light by ice particles: solution by a new physical-geometric optics hybrid method
    • Bi L., Yang P., Kattawar G.W., Hu Y.X., Baum B.A. Scattering and absorption of light by ice particles: solution by a new physical-geometric optics hybrid method. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 2011, 112:1492-1508.
    • (2011) J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. , vol.112 , pp. 1492-1508
    • Bi, L.1    Yang, P.2    Kattawar, G.W.3    Hu, Y.X.4    Baum, B.A.5
  • 17
    • 66949154660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating cloud systems in the Met office global hindcast model using simulated CloudSat radar reflectivities
    • (Art. No. D00A13)
    • Bodas-Salcedo A., Webb M.J., Brooks M.E., Ringer M.A., Williams K.D., Milton S.F., Wilson D.R. Evaluating cloud systems in the Met office global hindcast model using simulated CloudSat radar reflectivities. J. Geophys. Res. 2008, 113. (Art. No. D00A13). 10.1029/2007JD009620.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Bodas-Salcedo, A.1    Webb, M.J.2    Brooks, M.E.3    Ringer, M.A.4    Williams, K.D.5    Milton, S.F.6    Wilson, D.R.7
  • 19
    • 0242366200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scattering matrices for large ice crystal particles
    • Borovoi A.G., Grishin I.A. Scattering matrices for large ice crystal particles. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 2003, 20:2071-2080.
    • (2003) J. Opt. Soc. Am. A , vol.20 , pp. 2071-2080
    • Borovoi, A.G.1    Grishin, I.A.2
  • 20
    • 56449124754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parameterization of single-scattering properties of mid-latitude cirrus clouds for fast radiative transfer models using particle mixtures
    • Bozzo A., Maestri T., Rizzi R., Tosi E. Parameterization of single-scattering properties of mid-latitude cirrus clouds for fast radiative transfer models using particle mixtures. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2008, 35:L16809.
    • (2008) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.35
    • Bozzo, A.1    Maestri, T.2    Rizzi, R.3    Tosi, E.4
  • 21
    • 11844295953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Horizontally oriented plates in clouds
    • Bréon F.-M., Dubrulle B. Horizontally oriented plates in clouds. J. Atmos. Sci. 2004, 61:2888-2898.
    • (2004) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.61 , pp. 2888-2898
    • Bréon, F.-M.1    Dubrulle, B.2
  • 22
    • 0000207927 scopus 로고
    • Improved measurements of the ice water content in cirrus using a total-water probe
    • Brown P.R.A., Francis P.N. Improved measurements of the ice water content in cirrus using a total-water probe. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 1995, 12:410-414.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , vol.12 , pp. 410-414
    • Brown, P.R.A.1    Francis, P.N.2
  • 23
    • 84861481644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical-asymptotic boundary integral methods in high frequency acoustic scattering, Acta Numerica, Cambridge University Press, U. K.
    • Chandler-Wilde, S.N., Graham, I.G., Langdon, S., Spence, E.A., 2012. Numerical-asymptotic boundary integral methods in high frequency acoustic scattering, Acta Numerica, Cambridge University Press, U. K., 21, 89-305.
    • (2012) , vol.21 , pp. 89-305
    • Chandler-Wilde, S.N.1    Graham, I.G.2    Langdon, S.3    Spence, E.A.4
  • 24
    • 44349118658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of the pseudospectral time-domain method to the scattering of light by nonspherical particles
    • Chen G., Yang P., Kattawar G.W. Application of the pseudospectral time-domain method to the scattering of light by nonspherical particles. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 2008, 25:785-790.
    • (2008) J. Opt. Soc. Am. A , vol.25 , pp. 785-790
    • Chen, G.1    Yang, P.2    Kattawar, G.W.3
  • 26
    • 34248540870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiative effects of cirrus with different optical properties over the tropics in MODIS and CERES observations
    • Choi Y.-S., Ho C.-H. Radiative effects of cirrus with different optical properties over the tropics in MODIS and CERES observations. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2006, 33:L21811.
    • (2006) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.33
    • Choi, Y.-S.1    Ho, C.-H.2
  • 28
    • 80052852258 scopus 로고
    • Cloud physics investigation by the University of Wyoming in HIPLEX 1977
    • Cooper W.A. Cloud physics investigation by the University of Wyoming in HIPLEX 1977. Bureau of Reclamation Rep., AS 1978, vol. 119:321.
    • (1978) Bureau of Reclamation Rep., AS , vol.119 , pp. 321
    • Cooper, W.A.1
  • 29
    • 77952539946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ability of the Small Ice Detector (SID-2) to characterise cloud particle and aerosol morphologies obtained during flights of the FAAM BAe-146 research aircraft
    • Cotton R., Osborne S., Ulanowsk Z., Hirst P., Kaye P.H., Greenway R.S. The ability of the Small Ice Detector (SID-2) to characterise cloud particle and aerosol morphologies obtained during flights of the FAAM BAe-146 research aircraft. J. Oceanic Atmos. Technol. 2010, 27:290-303.
    • (2010) J. Oceanic Atmos. Technol. , vol.27 , pp. 290-303
    • Cotton, R.1    Osborne, S.2    Ulanowsk, Z.3    Hirst, P.4    Kaye, P.H.5    Greenway, R.S.6
  • 30
    • 34247245679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Infrared properties of cirrus clouds in climate models
    • De Leon R.R., Haigh J.D. Infrared properties of cirrus clouds in climate models. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 2007, 133:273-282.
    • (2007) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.133 , pp. 273-282
    • De Leon, R.R.1    Haigh, J.D.2
  • 31
    • 83255187989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of ice cloud representation in the ECMWF and UK Met Office models using CloudSat and CALIPSO data
    • Delanoë J., Hogan R.J., Forbes R.M., Bodas-Salcedo A., Stein T.H.M. Evaluation of ice cloud representation in the ECMWF and UK Met Office models using CloudSat and CALIPSO data. Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc. 2011, 137(661):2064-2078.
    • (2011) Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc. , vol.137 , Issue.661 , pp. 2064-2078
    • Delanoë, J.1    Hogan, R.J.2    Forbes, R.M.3    Bodas-Salcedo, A.4    Stein, T.H.M.5
  • 33
  • 34
    • 33845686609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new parametrization for the radiative properties of ice crystals: comparison with existing schemes and impact in a GCM
    • Edwards J.M., Havemann S., Thelen J.-C., Baran A.J. A new parametrization for the radiative properties of ice crystals: comparison with existing schemes and impact in a GCM. Atmos. Res. 2007, 83:19-35.
    • (2007) Atmos. Res. , vol.83 , pp. 19-35
    • Edwards, J.M.1    Havemann, S.2    Thelen, J.-C.3    Baran, A.J.4
  • 35
    • 24044552940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ice cloud retrievals and analysis with the compact scanning submillimeter imaging radiometer and the cloud radar system during CRYSTAL FACE
    • Evans K.F., Wang J.R., Racette P.E., Heymsfield G., Li L. Ice cloud retrievals and analysis with the compact scanning submillimeter imaging radiometer and the cloud radar system during CRYSTAL FACE. J. Appl. Meteorol. 2005, 44:839-859.
    • (2005) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.44 , pp. 839-859
    • Evans, K.F.1    Wang, J.R.2    Racette, P.E.3    Heymsfield, G.4    Li, L.5
  • 38
    • 33750526484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shattering and particle interarrival times measured by optical array probes in ice clouds
    • Field P.R., Heymsfield A.J., Bansemer A. Shattering and particle interarrival times measured by optical array probes in ice clouds. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 2006, 23:1357-1371.
    • (2006) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , vol.23 , pp. 1357-1371
    • Field, P.R.1    Heymsfield, A.J.2    Bansemer, A.3
  • 39
    • 38349183371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snow size distribution parameterization for midlatitude and tropical ice cloud
    • Field P.R., Heymsfield A.J., Bansemer A. Snow size distribution parameterization for midlatitude and tropical ice cloud. J. Atmos. Sci. 2007, 64:4346-4365.
    • (2007) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.64 , pp. 4346-4365
    • Field, P.R.1    Heymsfield, A.J.2    Bansemer, A.3
  • 40
    • 38849105018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of the combined ventilation factor and capacitance for ice crystal aggregates from airborne observations in a tropical anvil cloud
    • Field P.R., Heymsfield A.J., Bansemer A. Determination of the combined ventilation factor and capacitance for ice crystal aggregates from airborne observations in a tropical anvil cloud. J. Atmos. Sci. 2008, 65:376-391.
    • (2008) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.65 , pp. 376-391
    • Field, P.R.1    Heymsfield, A.J.2    Bansemer, A.3
  • 41
    • 0024249616 scopus 로고
    • Some observations of the optical properties of clouds. II: cirrus
    • Foot J.S. Some observations of the optical properties of clouds. II: cirrus. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 1988, 114:141-164.
    • (1988) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.114 , pp. 141-164
    • Foot, J.S.1
  • 42
    • 0029526178 scopus 로고
    • Some aircraft observations of the scattering properties of ice crystals
    • Francis P.N. Some aircraft observations of the scattering properties of ice crystals. J. Atmos. Sci. 1995, 52:1142-1154.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.52 , pp. 1142-1154
    • Francis, P.N.1
  • 43
    • 0033611373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aircraft measurements of the solar and infrared radiative properties of cirrus and their dependence on ice crystal shape
    • Francis P.N., Foot J.S., Baran A.J. Aircraft measurements of the solar and infrared radiative properties of cirrus and their dependence on ice crystal shape. J. Geophys. Res. 1999, 104:31685-31695.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 , pp. 31685-31695
    • Francis, P.N.1    Foot, J.S.2    Baran, A.J.3
  • 44
    • 37349026177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new parameterization of an asymmetry factor of cirrus clouds for climate models
    • Fu Q. A new parameterization of an asymmetry factor of cirrus clouds for climate models. J. Atmos. Sci. 2007, 64:4140-4150.
    • (2007) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.64 , pp. 4140-4150
    • Fu, Q.1
  • 45
    • 0033566498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling of scattering and absorption by nonspherical cirrus ice particles at thermal infrared wavelengths
    • Fu Q., Sun W.B., Yang P. Modeling of scattering and absorption by nonspherical cirrus ice particles at thermal infrared wavelengths. J. Atmos. Sci. 1999, 56:2937-2947.
    • (1999) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.56 , pp. 2937-2947
    • Fu, Q.1    Sun, W.B.2    Yang, P.3
  • 47
    • 77955229027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three dimensional electromagnetic scattering T-matrix computations
    • Ganesh M., Hawkins S.C. Three dimensional electromagnetic scattering T-matrix computations. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 2010, 234:1702-1709.
    • (2010) J. Comput. Appl. Math. , vol.234 , pp. 1702-1709
    • Ganesh, M.1    Hawkins, S.C.2
  • 48
    • 79952839189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optical properties of pristine ice crystals in mid-latitude cirrus clouds: a case study during CIRCLE-2 experiment
    • Gayet J.-F., Mioche G., Shcherbakov V., Gourbeyre C., Busen R., Minikin A. Optical properties of pristine ice crystals in mid-latitude cirrus clouds: a case study during CIRCLE-2 experiment. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2011, 11:2537-3544.
    • (2011) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.11 , pp. 2537-3544
    • Gayet, J.-F.1    Mioche, G.2    Shcherbakov, V.3    Gourbeyre, C.4    Busen, R.5    Minikin, A.6
  • 49
    • 84855960340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the observation of unusual high concentration of small chain-like aggregate ice crystals and large ice water contents near the top of a deep convective cloud during the CIRCLE-2 experiment
    • Gayet J.-F., Mioche G., Bugliaro L., Protat A., Minikin A., Wirth M., Dörnbrack A., Shcherbakov V., Mayer B., Garnier A., Gourbeyre C. On the observation of unusual high concentration of small chain-like aggregate ice crystals and large ice water contents near the top of a deep convective cloud during the CIRCLE-2 experiment. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2012, 12:727-744.
    • (2012) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.12 , pp. 727-744
    • Gayet, J.-F.1    Mioche, G.2    Bugliaro, L.3    Protat, A.4    Minikin, A.5    Wirth, M.6    Dörnbrack, A.7    Shcherbakov, V.8    Mayer, B.9    Garnier, A.10    Gourbeyre, C.11
  • 50
    • 0033611359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Representation of a non-spherical ice particle by a collection of independent spheres for scattering and absorption of radiation
    • Grenfell T.C., Warren S.G. Representation of a non-spherical ice particle by a collection of independent spheres for scattering and absorption of radiation. J. Geophys. Res. 1999, 104:31697-31709.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 , pp. 31697-31709
    • Grenfell, T.C.1    Warren, S.G.2
  • 51
    • 27144441111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Representation of a non-spherical ice particle by a collection of independent spheres for scattering and absorption of radiation: 3. Hollow columns and plates
    • (Art. D17203)
    • Grenfell T.C., Neshyba S.P., Warren S.G. Representation of a non-spherical ice particle by a collection of independent spheres for scattering and absorption of radiation: 3. Hollow columns and plates. J. Geophys. Res. 2005, 110. (Art. D17203).
    • (2005) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.110
    • Grenfell, T.C.1    Neshyba, S.P.2    Warren, S.G.3
  • 52
    • 79953722252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cirrus cloud simulations using WRF with improved radiation parameterization and increased vertical resolution
    • Gu Y., Liou K.N., Ou S.C., Fovell R. Cirrus cloud simulations using WRF with improved radiation parameterization and increased vertical resolution. J. Geophys. Res. 2011, 116:D06119. 10.1029/2010JD014574.
    • (2011) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.116
    • Gu, Y.1    Liou, K.N.2    Ou, S.C.3    Fovell, R.4
  • 53
    • 84855665251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bulk microphysical properties of semi transparent cirrus from AIRS: a six years global climatology and statistical analysis in synergy with CALIPSO and CloudSat
    • Guignard A., Stubenrauch C.J., Baran A.J., Armante R. Bulk microphysical properties of semi transparent cirrus from AIRS: a six years global climatology and statistical analysis in synergy with CALIPSO and CloudSat. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 2012, 12:503-525. 10.5194/acp-12-503-2012.
    • (2012) Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. , vol.12 , pp. 503-525
    • Guignard, A.1    Stubenrauch, C.J.2    Baran, A.J.3    Armante, R.4
  • 54
    • 1942516809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth rates and habits of ice crystals between -20 degrees C and -70 degrees
    • Hallett J., Bailey M. Growth rates and habits of ice crystals between -20 degrees C and -70 degrees. Atmos. Sci. 2004, 61:514-544.
    • (2004) Atmos. Sci. , vol.61 , pp. 514-544
    • Hallett, J.1    Bailey, M.2
  • 55
    • 0035894802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tropical convection and the energy balance at the top of the atmosphere
    • Hartmann D.L., Moy L.A., Fu Q. Tropical convection and the energy balance at the top of the atmosphere. J. Clim. 2001, 14:4495-4511.
    • (2001) J. Clim. , vol.14 , pp. 4495-4511
    • Hartmann, D.L.1    Moy, L.A.2    Fu, Q.3
  • 56
    • 0035879886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extension of T-matrix to scattering of electromagnetic plane waves by non-axisymmetric dielectric particles: application to hexagonal cylinders
    • Havemann S., Baran A.J. Extension of T-matrix to scattering of electromagnetic plane waves by non-axisymmetric dielectric particles: application to hexagonal cylinders. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 2001, 70:139-158.
    • (2001) J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. , vol.70 , pp. 139-158
    • Havemann, S.1    Baran, A.J.2
  • 57
    • 0037954014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implementation of the T-matrix method on a massively parallel machine: a comparison of hexagonal ice cylinder single-scattering properties using the T-matrix and improved geometric optics methods
    • Havemann S., Baran A.J., Edwards J.M. Implementation of the T-matrix method on a massively parallel machine: a comparison of hexagonal ice cylinder single-scattering properties using the T-matrix and improved geometric optics methods. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 2003, 79-80:707-720.
    • (2003) J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. , pp. 707-720
    • Havemann, S.1    Baran, A.J.2    Edwards, J.M.3
  • 58
    • 30144439837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global daytime distribution of overlapping cirrus cloud from NOAA's advanced very high resolution radiometer
    • Heidinger A.K., Pavolonis M.J. Global daytime distribution of overlapping cirrus cloud from NOAA's advanced very high resolution radiometer. J. Clim. 2005, 18:4772-4784.
    • (2005) J. Clim. , vol.18 , pp. 4772-4784
    • Heidinger, A.K.1    Pavolonis, M.J.2
  • 59
    • 41549085723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling diffraction during ray tracing using the concept of energy flow lines
    • Hesse E. Modelling diffraction during ray tracing using the concept of energy flow lines. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 2008, 109:1374-1383.
    • (2008) J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. , vol.109 , pp. 1374-1383
    • Hesse, E.1
  • 60
    • 0344858006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Properties of tropical and midlatitude ice cloud particle ensembles. Part II: applications for mesoscale and climate models
    • Heymsfield A.J. Properties of tropical and midlatitude ice cloud particle ensembles. Part II: applications for mesoscale and climate models. J. Atmos. Sci. 2003, 60:2592-2611.
    • (2003) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.60 , pp. 2592-2611
    • Heymsfield, A.J.1
  • 61
    • 39049118824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On Measurements of Small Ice Particles in Clouds
    • Heymsfield A.J. On Measurements of Small Ice Particles in Clouds. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2007, 34:L23812. 10.1029/2007GL030951.
    • (2007) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.34
    • Heymsfield, A.J.1
  • 62
    • 0029435381 scopus 로고
    • Relative humidity and temperature influences on cirrus formation and evolution: observations from wave clouds and FIRE II
    • Heymsfield A.J., Miloshevich L.M. Relative humidity and temperature influences on cirrus formation and evolution: observations from wave clouds and FIRE II. J. Atmos. Sci. 1995, 52:4302-4326.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.52 , pp. 4302-4326
    • Heymsfield, A.J.1    Miloshevich, L.M.2
  • 63
    • 0013124501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parametrizations for the cross-sectional area and extinction of cirrus and stratiform ice cloud particles
    • Heymsfield A.J., Miloshevich L.M. Parametrizations for the cross-sectional area and extinction of cirrus and stratiform ice cloud particles. J. Atmos. Sci. 2003, 60:936-956.
    • (2003) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.60 , pp. 936-956
    • Heymsfield, A.J.1    Miloshevich, L.M.2
  • 64
    • 0021641130 scopus 로고
    • A parameterization of the particle size spectrum of ice clouds in terms of ambient temperature and their ice water content
    • Heymsfield A.J., Platt C.R. A parameterization of the particle size spectrum of ice clouds in terms of ambient temperature and their ice water content. J. Atmos. Sci. 1984, 41:846-855.
    • (1984) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.41 , pp. 846-855
    • Heymsfield, A.J.1    Platt, C.R.2
  • 66
    • 0037116314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observations and parameterizations of particle size distributions in deep tropical cirrus and stratiform precipitating clouds: results from in situ observations in TRMM field campaigns
    • Heymsfield A.J., Bansemer A., Field P.R., Durden S.L., Stith J.L., Dye J.E., Hall W., Grainger C.A. Observations and parameterizations of particle size distributions in deep tropical cirrus and stratiform precipitating clouds: results from in situ observations in TRMM field campaigns. J. Atmos. Sci. 2002, 59:3457-3491.
    • (2002) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.59 , pp. 3457-3491
    • Heymsfield, A.J.1    Bansemer, A.2    Field, P.R.3    Durden, S.L.4    Stith, J.L.5    Dye, J.E.6    Hall, W.7    Grainger, C.A.8
  • 68
    • 34247605031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refinements to ice particle mass dimensional and terminal velocity relationships for ice clouds. Part I: temperature dependence
    • Heymsfield A.J., Bansemer A., Twohy C.H. Refinements to ice particle mass dimensional and terminal velocity relationships for ice clouds. Part I: temperature dependence. J. Atmos. Sci. 2007, 64:1047-1067.
    • (2007) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.64 , pp. 1047-1067
    • Heymsfield, A.J.1    Bansemer, A.2    Twohy, C.H.3
  • 69
  • 70
    • 58149265036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between ice water content and equivalent radar reflectivity for clouds consisting of nonspherical ice particles
    • Hong G., Yang P., Baum B.A., Heymsfield A.J. Relationship between ice water content and equivalent radar reflectivity for clouds consisting of nonspherical ice particles. J. Geophys. Res. 2008, 113:D20205. 10.1029/2008JD009890.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Hong, G.1    Yang, P.2    Baum, B.A.3    Heymsfield, A.J.4
  • 71
    • 77649280122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parameterization of shortwave and longwave properties of ice clouds for use in climate models
    • Hong G., Yang P., Baum B.A., Heymsfield A.J., Xu K.M. Parameterization of shortwave and longwave properties of ice clouds for use in climate models. J. Clim. 2009, 22:6287-6312.
    • (2009) J. Clim. , vol.22 , pp. 6287-6312
    • Hong, G.1    Yang, P.2    Baum, B.A.3    Heymsfield, A.J.4    Xu, K.M.5
  • 74
    • 0035652325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A GCM parameterization for bimodal size spectra and ice mass removal rates in mid-latitude cirrus clouds
    • Ivanova D., Mitchell D.L., Arnott W.P., Poellot M. A GCM parameterization for bimodal size spectra and ice mass removal rates in mid-latitude cirrus clouds. J. Atmos. Res. 2001, 59:89-113.
    • (2001) J. Atmos. Res. , vol.59 , pp. 89-113
    • Ivanova, D.1    Mitchell, D.L.2    Arnott, W.P.3    Poellot, M.4
  • 75
    • 1342310647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of cloud optical parameters in the solar region: retrievals from airborne measurements of scattering phase functions
    • (Art. No. 4572)
    • Jourdan O., Oshchepkov S., Shcherbakov V., Gayet J.F., Isaka H. Assessment of cloud optical parameters in the solar region: retrievals from airborne measurements of scattering phase functions. J. Geophys. Res. 2003, 108. (Art. No. 4572).
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108
    • Jourdan, O.1    Oshchepkov, S.2    Shcherbakov, V.3    Gayet, J.F.4    Isaka, H.5
  • 76
    • 0037616045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Numerical methods in electromagnetic scattering theory
    • Kahnert F.M. Numerical methods in electromagnetic scattering theory. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 2003, 79-80:775-824.
    • (2003) J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. , pp. 775-824
    • Kahnert, F.M.1
  • 77
    • 0037099857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using simple particle shapes to model the stokes scattering matrix of ensembles of wavelength-sized particles with particles with complex shapes: possibilities and limitations
    • Kahnert F.M., Stamnes J.J., Stamnes K. Using simple particle shapes to model the stokes scattering matrix of ensembles of wavelength-sized particles with particles with complex shapes: possibilities and limitations. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 2002, 74:167-182.
    • (2002) J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. , vol.74 , pp. 167-182
    • Kahnert, F.M.1    Stamnes, J.J.2    Stamnes, K.3
  • 80
    • 47249104666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of aerosol and cloud layer structures from the space-borne lidar CALIOP using a ground-based lidar in Seoul, Korea
    • Kim S.W., Berthier S., Raut J.C., Chazette P., Dulac F., Yoon S.C. Validation of aerosol and cloud layer structures from the space-borne lidar CALIOP using a ground-based lidar in Seoul, Korea. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2008, 8:3705-3720.
    • (2008) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.8 , pp. 3705-3720
    • Kim, S.W.1    Berthier, S.2    Raut, J.C.3    Chazette, P.4    Dulac, F.5    Yoon, S.C.6
  • 81
    • 0942299841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optical properties of terrestrial clouds
    • Kokhanovsky A. Optical properties of terrestrial clouds. Earth Sci. Rev. 2004, 64:189-241.
    • (2004) Earth Sci. Rev. , vol.64 , pp. 189-241
    • Kokhanovsky, A.1
  • 82
    • 0032694777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dependence of the radiative characteristics of optically thick media on the shape of particles
    • Kokhanovsky A., Macke A. The dependence of the radiative characteristics of optically thick media on the shape of particles. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 1997, 63:393-407.
    • (1997) J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. , vol.63 , pp. 393-407
    • Kokhanovsky, A.1    Macke, A.2
  • 83
    • 0141626549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roundness and aspect ratios of particles in ice clouds
    • Korolev A.V., Isaac G.A. Roundness and aspect ratios of particles in ice clouds. J. Atmos. Sci. 2003, 60:1795-1808.
    • (2003) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.60 , pp. 1795-1808
    • Korolev, A.V.1    Isaac, G.A.2
  • 87
    • 0033784966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of a new scheme for the optical properties of ice crystals on the climate of two GCMs
    • Kristjánsson J.E., Edwards J.M., Mitchell D.L. The impact of a new scheme for the optical properties of ice crystals on the climate of two GCMs. J. Geophys. Res. 2000, 105:10063-10079.
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.105 , pp. 10063-10079
    • Kristjánsson, J.E.1    Edwards, J.M.2    Mitchell, D.L.3
  • 88
    • 0034928377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polarized light scattering by inhomogeneous hexagonal monocrystals: validation with ADEOSPOLDER measurements
    • Labonnote L.-C., Brogniez G., Buriez J.C., Doutriaux-Boucher M., Gayet J.F., Macke A. Polarized light scattering by inhomogeneous hexagonal monocrystals: validation with ADEOSPOLDER measurements. J. Geophys. Res. 2001, 106:12139-12153.
    • (2001) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.106 , pp. 12139-12153
    • Labonnote, L.-C.1    Brogniez, G.2    Buriez, J.C.3    Doutriaux-Boucher, M.4    Gayet, J.F.5    Macke, A.6
  • 89
    • 80052824968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of ice particle shattering on the 2D-S probe
    • Lawson R.P. Effects of ice particle shattering on the 2D-S probe. Atmos. Meas. Tech. 2011, 4:1361-1381.
    • (2011) Atmos. Meas. Tech. , vol.4 , pp. 1361-1381
    • Lawson, R.P.1
  • 91
    • 33750285889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The 2D-S (Stereo) probe: designs and preliminary tests of a new airborne, high-speed, high-resolution imaging probe
    • Lawson R.P., O'Connor D., Zmarzly P., Weaver K., Baker B., Mo Q.X., Jonsson H. The 2D-S (Stereo) probe: designs and preliminary tests of a new airborne, high-speed, high-resolution imaging probe. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 2006, 23:1462-1477.
    • (2006) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , vol.23 , pp. 1462-1477
    • Lawson, R.P.1    O'Connor, D.2    Zmarzly, P.3    Weaver, K.4    Baker, B.5    Mo, Q.X.6    Jonsson, H.7
  • 92
    • 41249091005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aircraft measurements of microphysical properties of subvisual cirrus in the tropical tropopause layer
    • Lawson R.P., Pilson B., Baker B., Mo Q., Jensen E., Pfister L., Bui P. Aircraft measurements of microphysical properties of subvisual cirrus in the tropical tropopause layer. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2008, 8:1609-1620.
    • (2008) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.8 , pp. 1609-1620
    • Lawson, R.P.1    Pilson, B.2    Baker, B.3    Mo, Q.4    Jensen, E.5    Pfister, L.6    Bui, P.7
  • 93
    • 73449138029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution and radiative forcing of tropical thin cirrus clouds
    • Lee J., Yang P., Dessler A.E., Gao B.-C., Platnick S. Distribution and radiative forcing of tropical thin cirrus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci. 2009, 66:3721-3731.
    • (2009) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.66 , pp. 3721-3731
    • Lee, J.1    Yang, P.2    Dessler, A.E.3    Gao, B.-C.4    Platnick, S.5
  • 94
    • 36348979273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PARASOL a microsatellite in the A-train for Earth atmospheric observations
    • Lier P., Bach M. PARASOL a microsatellite in the A-train for Earth atmospheric observations. Acta Astronaut. 2008, 62:257-263.
    • (2008) Acta Astronaut. , vol.62 , pp. 257-263
    • Lier, P.1    Bach, M.2
  • 96
    • 0028192951 scopus 로고
    • Light scattering by non-spherical particles: remote sensing and climatic implications
    • Liou K.N., Takano Y. Light scattering by non-spherical particles: remote sensing and climatic implications. J. Atmos. Res. 1994, 31:271-298.
    • (1994) J. Atmos. Res. , vol.31 , pp. 271-298
    • Liou, K.N.1    Takano, Y.2
  • 97
    • 0001903313 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Light scattering and radiative transfer by ice crystal clouds: Applications to climate research
    • Academic Press, San Diego, CA, M.I. Mishchenko, J.W. Hovenier, L.D. Travis (Eds.)
    • Liou K.N., Takano Y., Yang P. Light scattering and radiative transfer by ice crystal clouds: Applications to climate research. Light scattering by nonspherical particles: theory, measurements, and geophysical applications 2000, 417-449. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. M.I. Mishchenko, J.W. Hovenier, L.D. Travis (Eds.).
    • (2000) Light scattering by nonspherical particles: theory, measurements, and geophysical applications , pp. 417-449
    • Liou, K.N.1    Takano, Y.2    Yang, P.3
  • 98
    • 3042888461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the unified theory of atmospheric particle systems. Part II: self-affine particles
    • Liu Y. On the unified theory of atmospheric particle systems. Part II: self-affine particles. Adv. Atmos. Sci. 1997, 14:369-388.
    • (1997) Adv. Atmos. Sci. , vol.14 , pp. 369-388
    • Liu, Y.1
  • 100
    • 0030391689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of inclusions on light scattering by large particles
    • Macke A., Mishchenko M.I., Cairns B. The influence of inclusions on light scattering by large particles. J. Geophys. Res. 1996, 101:23311-23316.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101 , pp. 23311-23316
    • Macke, A.1    Mishchenko, M.I.2    Cairns, B.3
  • 101
    • 0030391043 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single scattering properties of atmospheric ice crystal
    • Macke A., Mueller J., Raschke E. Single scattering properties of atmospheric ice crystal. J. Atmos. Sci. 1996, 53:2813-2825.
    • (1996) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.53 , pp. 2813-2825
    • Macke, A.1    Mueller, J.2    Raschke, E.3
  • 102
    • 0037689499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Discrete dipole moment method for calculation of the T matrix for nonspherical particles
    • Mackowski D.W. Discrete dipole moment method for calculation of the T matrix for nonspherical particles. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 2002, 19:881-893.
    • (2002) J. Opt. Soc. Am. A , vol.19 , pp. 881-893
    • Mackowski, D.W.1
  • 103
    • 0001940269 scopus 로고
    • Meteorological classification of natural snow crystals
    • Magono C., Lee C.W. Meteorological classification of natural snow crystals. J. Fac. Sci., HokkaidÔ Univ. 1966, 2:321-335.
    • (1966) J. Fac. Sci., HokkaidÔ Univ. , vol.2 , pp. 321-335
    • Magono, C.1    Lee, C.W.2
  • 104
    • 0000487694 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exact solution of electromagnetic scattering by a three-dimensional hexagonal ice column obtained with the boundary-element method
    • Mano Y. Exact solution of electromagnetic scattering by a three-dimensional hexagonal ice column obtained with the boundary-element method. Appl. Opt. 2000, 39:5541-5546.
    • (2000) Appl. Opt. , vol.39 , pp. 5541-5546
    • Mano, Y.1
  • 105
    • 0031821411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The definition and significance of an effective radius for ice clouds
    • McFarquhar G.M., Heymsfield A.J. The definition and significance of an effective radius for ice clouds. J. Atmos. Sci. 1998, 55:2039-2052.
    • (1998) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.55 , pp. 2039-2052
    • McFarquhar, G.M.1    Heymsfield, A.J.2
  • 106
    • 0033611343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of observed ice crystal sizes and shapes to calculate the mean-scattering properties and multispectral radiance, CEPEX April 4 1993 case study
    • McFarquhar G.M., Heymsfield A.J., Macke A., Iaquinta J., Aulenbach S.M. Use of observed ice crystal sizes and shapes to calculate the mean-scattering properties and multispectral radiance, CEPEX April 4 1993 case study. J. Geophys. Res. 1999, 104:31763-31779.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 , pp. 31763-31779
    • McFarquhar, G.M.1    Heymsfield, A.J.2    Macke, A.3    Iaquinta, J.4    Aulenbach, S.M.5
  • 107
    • 0037104117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new parameterization of single scattering solar radiative properties for tropical anvils using observed ice crystal size and shape distributions
    • McFarquhar G.M., Yang P., Macke A., Baran A.J. A new parameterization of single scattering solar radiative properties for tropical anvils using observed ice crystal size and shape distributions. J. Atmos. Sci. 2002, 59:2458-2478.
    • (2002) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.59 , pp. 2458-2478
    • McFarquhar, G.M.1    Yang, P.2    Macke, A.3    Baran, A.J.4
  • 108
    • 0038608885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SCM simulations of tropical ice clouds using observationally based parameterizations of microphysics
    • McFarquhar G.M., Iacobellis S., Somerville R.C.J. SCM simulations of tropical ice clouds using observationally based parameterizations of microphysics. J. Clim. 2003, 16:1643-1664.
    • (2003) J. Clim. , vol.16 , pp. 1643-1664
    • McFarquhar, G.M.1    Iacobellis, S.2    Somerville, R.C.J.3
  • 109
    • 34548624584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Importance of small ice crystals to cirrus properties: observations from the Tropical Warm Pool International Cloud Experiment (TWP-ICE)
    • McFarquhar G.M., Um J., Freer M., Baumgardner D., Kok G.L., Mace G. Importance of small ice crystals to cirrus properties: observations from the Tropical Warm Pool International Cloud Experiment (TWP-ICE). Geophys. Res. Lett. 2007, 34:L13803. 10.1029/2007GL029865.
    • (2007) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.34
    • McFarquhar, G.M.1    Um, J.2    Freer, M.3    Baumgardner, D.4    Kok, G.L.5    Mace, G.6
  • 110
    • 0000510234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A balloon-borne continuous cloud particle replicator for measuring vertical profiles of cloud microphysical properties: instrument design, performance, and collection efficiency analysis
    • Miloshevich L.M., Heymsfield A.J. A balloon-borne continuous cloud particle replicator for measuring vertical profiles of cloud microphysical properties: instrument design, performance, and collection efficiency analysis. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 1997, 14:753-768.
    • (1997) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , vol.14 , pp. 753-768
    • Miloshevich, L.M.1    Heymsfield, A.J.2
  • 111
    • 84933456419 scopus 로고
    • Light scattering by randomly oriented axially symmetric particles
    • Mishchenko M.I. Light scattering by randomly oriented axially symmetric particles. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 1991, A8:871-882.
    • (1991) J. Opt. Soc. Am. , vol.A8 , pp. 871-882
    • Mishchenko, M.I.1
  • 112
    • 0001565617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calculation of the amplitude matrix for a nonspherical particle in fixed orientation
    • Mishchenko M.I. Calculation of the amplitude matrix for a nonspherical particle in fixed orientation. Appl. Opt. 2000, 39:1026-1031.
    • (2000) Appl. Opt. , vol.39 , pp. 1026-1031
    • Mishchenko, M.I.1
  • 113
    • 0000269422 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asymmetry parameters of the phase function for isolated and densely packed spherical particles with multiple internal inclusions in the geometric optics limit
    • Mishchenko M.I., Macke A. Asymmetry parameters of the phase function for isolated and densely packed spherical particles with multiple internal inclusions in the geometric optics limit. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 1997, 57:767-794.
    • (1997) J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. , vol.57 , pp. 767-794
    • Mishchenko, M.I.1    Macke, A.2
  • 114
    • 0001367553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capabilities and limitations of a current FORTRAN implementation of the T-matrix method for randomly oriented, rotationally symmetry scatterers
    • Mishchenko M.I., Travis L.D. Capabilities and limitations of a current FORTRAN implementation of the T-matrix method for randomly oriented, rotationally symmetry scatterers. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 1998, 60:309-324.
    • (1998) J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. , vol.60 , pp. 309-324
    • Mishchenko, M.I.1    Travis, L.D.2
  • 117
    • 0036693067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effective diameter in radiation transfer
    • Mitchell D.L. Effective diameter in radiation transfer. J. Atmos. Sci. 2002, 59:2330-2346.
    • (2002) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.59 , pp. 2330-2346
    • Mitchell, D.L.1
  • 119
    • 0025620664 scopus 로고
    • Mass-dimensional relationships for ice particles and the influence of riming on snowfall rates
    • Mitchell D.L., Zhang R., Pitter R.L. Mass-dimensional relationships for ice particles and the influence of riming on snowfall rates. J. Appl. Meteorol. 1990, 29:153-163.
    • (1990) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.29 , pp. 153-163
    • Mitchell, D.L.1    Zhang, R.2    Pitter, R.L.3
  • 120
    • 0030405390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling cirrus clouds. Part II: treatment of radiative properties
    • Mitchell D.L., Macke A., Liu Y. Modeling cirrus clouds. Part II: treatment of radiative properties. J. Atmos. Sci. 1996, 53:2967-2988.
    • (1996) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.53 , pp. 2967-2988
    • Mitchell, D.L.1    Macke, A.2    Liu, Y.3
  • 121
    • 48549101769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of small ice crystal assumptions on ice sedimentation rates in cirrus clouds and GCM simulations
    • Mitchell D.L., Rasch P., Ivanova D., McFarquar G.M., Nousiainen T. Impact of small ice crystal assumptions on ice sedimentation rates in cirrus clouds and GCM simulations. Geophys. Res. Lett. 2008, 35:L09806.
    • (2008) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.35
    • Mitchell, D.L.1    Rasch, P.2    Ivanova, D.3    McFarquar, G.M.4    Nousiainen, T.5
  • 122
    • 79953836201 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Understanding effective diameter and its application to terrestrial radiation in ice clouds
    • Mitchell D.L., Lawson R.P., Baker B. Understanding effective diameter and its application to terrestrial radiation in ice clouds. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2011, 11:3417-3429.
    • (2011) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.11 , pp. 3417-3429
    • Mitchell, D.L.1    Lawson, R.P.2    Baker, B.3
  • 123
    • 0001297326 scopus 로고
    • Scattering of light by crystals: a modified Kirchhoff approximation
    • Muinonen K. Scattering of light by crystals: a modified Kirchhoff approximation. Appl. Opt. 1989, 28:3044-3050.
    • (1989) Appl. Opt. , vol.28 , pp. 3044-3050
    • Muinonen, K.1
  • 124
    • 67749116187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a light scattering solver applicable to particles of arbitrary shape on the basis of the surface-integral equations method of Müller type. I. Methodology, accuracy of calculation, and electromagnetic current on the particle surface
    • Nakajima T.Y., Nakajima T., Yoshimori K., Mishra S.K., Tripathi S.N. Development of a light scattering solver applicable to particles of arbitrary shape on the basis of the surface-integral equations method of Müller type. I. Methodology, accuracy of calculation, and electromagnetic current on the particle surface. Appl. Opt. 2009, 48:3526-3536.
    • (2009) Appl. Opt. , vol.48 , pp. 3526-3536
    • Nakajima, T.Y.1    Nakajima, T.2    Yoshimori, K.3    Mishra, S.K.4    Tripathi, S.N.5
  • 125
    • 56249108789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global characterization of cirrus clouds using CALIPSO data
    • Nazaryan H., McCormick M.P., Menzel W.P. Global characterization of cirrus clouds using CALIPSO data. J. Geophys. Res. 2008, 113:D16211.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Nazaryan, H.1    McCormick, M.P.2    Menzel, W.P.3
  • 126
    • 1342269943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Representation of a non-spherical ice particle by a collection of independent spheres for scattering and absorption of radiation: 2. Hexagonal columns and plates
    • (Art. 4448)
    • Neshyba S.P., Grenfell T.C., Warren S.G. Representation of a non-spherical ice particle by a collection of independent spheres for scattering and absorption of radiation: 2. Hexagonal columns and plates. J. Geophys. Res. 2003, 108. (Art. 4448).
    • (2003) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.108
    • Neshyba, S.P.1    Grenfell, T.C.2    Warren, S.G.3
  • 127
    • 3142532970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of ice crystal orientation in cirrus clouds based on satellite polarized radiance measurements
    • Noel V., Chepfer H. Study of ice crystal orientation in cirrus clouds based on satellite polarized radiance measurements. J. Atmos. Sci. 2004, 61:2073-2081.
    • (2004) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.61 , pp. 2073-2081
    • Noel, V.1    Chepfer, H.2
  • 128
    • 77953165702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A global view of horizontally oriented crystals in ice clouds from Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO)
    • (art. D00H23)
    • Noel V., Chepfer H. A global view of horizontally oriented crystals in ice clouds from Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO). J. Geophys. Res. 2010, 115. (art. D00H23).
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.115
    • Noel, V.1    Chepfer, H.2
  • 129
    • 22744444031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Study of planar ice crystal orientations in ice clouds from scanning polarization lidar observations
    • Noel V., Sassen K. Study of planar ice crystal orientations in ice clouds from scanning polarization lidar observations. J. Appl. Meteorol. 2005, 44:653-664.
    • (2005) J. Appl. Meteorol. , vol.44 , pp. 653-664
    • Noel, V.1    Sassen, K.2
  • 130
    • 5444251501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Light scattering by small quasi-spherical ice crystals
    • Nousiainen T., McFarquhar G.M. Light scattering by small quasi-spherical ice crystals. J. Atmos. Sci. 2004, 61:2229-2248.
    • (2004) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.61 , pp. 2229-2248
    • Nousiainen, T.1    McFarquhar, G.M.2
  • 131
    • 0000846474 scopus 로고
    • Unusual crystal in ice fog
    • Ohtake T. Unusual crystal in ice fog. J. Atmos. Sci. 1970, 27:509-511.
    • (1970) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.27 , pp. 509-511
    • Ohtake, T.1
  • 132
    • 41549131156 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sh-matrices method applied to light scattering by finite circular cylinders
    • Petrov D., Shkuratov Y., Videen G. Sh-matrices method applied to light scattering by finite circular cylinders. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 2008, 109:1474-1495.
    • (2008) J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. , vol.109 , pp. 1474-1495
    • Petrov, D.1    Shkuratov, Y.2    Videen, G.3
  • 134
    • 79958704981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obtaining best estimates for the microphysical and radiative properties of tropical ice clouds from TWP-ICE in situ microphysical observations
    • Protat A., McFarquhar G.M., Um J., Delanoe J. Obtaining best estimates for the microphysical and radiative properties of tropical ice clouds from TWP-ICE in situ microphysical observations. J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. 2011, 50:895-915.
    • (2011) J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. , vol.50 , pp. 895-915
    • Protat, A.1    McFarquhar, G.M.2    Um, J.3    Delanoe, J.4
  • 136
    • 0033784685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remote sensing of optical and microphysical properties of cirrus clouds using MODIS channels: methodology and sensitivity to assumptions
    • Rolland P., Liou K.N., King M.D., Tsay S.C., McFarquhar G.M. Remote sensing of optical and microphysical properties of cirrus clouds using MODIS channels: methodology and sensitivity to assumptions. J. Geophys. Res. 2000, 105:11721-11738.
    • (2000) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.105 , pp. 11721-11738
    • Rolland, P.1    Liou, K.N.2    King, M.D.3    Tsay, S.C.4    McFarquhar, G.M.5
  • 137
    • 67649537279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global distribution of cirrus clouds from CloudSat/Cloud-Aerosol lidar and infrared pathfinder satellite observations (CALIPSO) measurements
    • Sassen K., Wang Z., Liu D. Global distribution of cirrus clouds from CloudSat/Cloud-Aerosol lidar and infrared pathfinder satellite observations (CALIPSO) measurements. J. Geophys. Res. 2008, 113:D00A12.
    • (2008) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.113
    • Sassen, K.1    Wang, Z.2    Liu, D.3
  • 138
    • 14544303246 scopus 로고
    • The influence of electric fields on the aggregation of ice crystals
    • Saunders C.P.R., Wahab N.M.A. The influence of electric fields on the aggregation of ice crystals. J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. 1975, 53:121-126.
    • (1975) J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. , vol.53 , pp. 121-126
    • Saunders, C.P.R.1    Wahab, N.M.A.2
  • 139
    • 38349185131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the occurrence of hollow bullet rosette- and column-shaped ice crystals in midlatitude cirrus
    • Schmitt C.G., Heymsfield A.J. On the occurrence of hollow bullet rosette- and column-shaped ice crystals in midlatitude cirrus. J. Atmos. Sci. 2007, 64:4514-4519.
    • (2007) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.64 , pp. 4514-4519
    • Schmitt, C.G.1    Heymsfield, A.J.2
  • 140
    • 77955577804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The dimensional characteristics of ice crystal aggregates from fractal geometry
    • Schmitt C.G., Heymsfield A.J. The dimensional characteristics of ice crystal aggregates from fractal geometry. J. Atmos. Sci. 2010, 67:1605-1616.
    • (2010) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.67 , pp. 1605-1616
    • Schmitt, C.G.1    Heymsfield, A.J.2
  • 141
    • 33747076640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The asymmetry parameter of cirrus clouds composed of hollow bullet rosette-shaped ice crystals from ray-tracing calculations
    • Schmitt C.G., Iaquinta J., Heymsfield A.J. The asymmetry parameter of cirrus clouds composed of hollow bullet rosette-shaped ice crystals from ray-tracing calculations. J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. 2006, 45:973-981.
    • (2006) J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. , vol.45 , pp. 973-981
    • Schmitt, C.G.1    Iaquinta, J.2    Heymsfield, A.J.3
  • 143
    • 52649180070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud remote sensing from space in the era of the A-train
    • Stephens G.L., Vane D.G. Cloud remote sensing from space in the era of the A-train. J. Appl. Remote Sens. 2007, 1:013507.
    • (2007) J. Appl. Remote Sens. , vol.1 , pp. 013507
    • Stephens, G.L.1    Vane, D.G.2
  • 145
    • 34547759715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The occurrence of 'irregular' ice particles in stratiform clouds
    • Stoelinga M.T., Locatelli J.D., Woods C.P. The occurrence of 'irregular' ice particles in stratiform clouds. J. Atmos. Sci. 2007, 64:2740-2750.
    • (2007) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.64 , pp. 2740-2750
    • Stoelinga, M.T.1    Locatelli, J.D.2    Woods, C.P.3
  • 146
    • 33751400590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud properties and their seasonal and diurnal variability from TOVS Path-B
    • Stubenrauch C.J., Chédin A., Rädel G., Scott N.A., Serrar S. Cloud properties and their seasonal and diurnal variability from TOVS Path-B. J. Clim. 2006, 19:5531-5553.
    • (2006) J. Clim. , vol.19 , pp. 5531-5553
    • Stubenrauch, C.J.1    Chédin, A.2    Rädel, G.3    Scott, N.A.4    Serrar, S.5
  • 147
    • 34648836827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of cirrus parameterizations for radiative flux computations in climate models using TOVS-ScaRaB satellite observations
    • Stubenrauch C., Eddounia J.F., Edwards J.M., Macke A. Evaluation of cirrus parameterizations for radiative flux computations in climate models using TOVS-ScaRaB satellite observations. J. Clim. 2007, 20:4459-4475.
    • (2007) J. Clim. , vol.20 , pp. 4459-4475
    • Stubenrauch, C.1    Eddounia, J.F.2    Edwards, J.M.3    Macke, A.4
  • 148
    • 0032606342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Finite-difference time-domain solution of light scattering by dielectric particles with perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary conditions
    • Sun W.B., Fu Q., Chen Z. Finite-difference time-domain solution of light scattering by dielectric particles with perfectly matched layer absorbing boundary conditions. Appl. Opt. 1999, 38:3141-3151.
    • (1999) Appl. Opt. , vol.38 , pp. 3141-3151
    • Sun, W.B.1    Fu, Q.2    Chen, Z.3
  • 149
    • 33646792642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the retrieval of ice cloud particle shape from POLDER measurements
    • Sun W., Loeb N.G., Yang P. On the retrieval of ice cloud particle shape from POLDER measurements. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 2006, 101:435-447.
    • (2006) J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. , vol.101 , pp. 435-447
    • Sun, W.1    Loeb, N.G.2    Yang, P.3
  • 153
    • 34547229273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single-scattering properties of aggregates of bullet rosettes in cirrus
    • Um J., McFarquhar G.M. Single-scattering properties of aggregates of bullet rosettes in cirrus. J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. 2007, 46:757-775.
    • (2007) J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. , vol.46 , pp. 757-775
    • Um, J.1    McFarquhar, G.M.2
  • 154
    • 67649424386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single-scattering properties of aggregates of plates
    • Um J., McFarquhar G.M. Single-scattering properties of aggregates of plates. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 2009, 135:291-304.
    • (2009) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.135 , pp. 291-304
    • Um, J.1    McFarquhar, G.M.2
  • 155
    • 79953716287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dependence of the single-scattering properties of small ice crystals on idealized shape models
    • Um J., McFarquhar G.M. Dependence of the single-scattering properties of small ice crystals on idealized shape models. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2011, 11. 10.5194/acp-11-1-2011.
    • (2011) Atmos. Chem. Phys. , vol.11
    • Um, J.1    McFarquhar, G.M.2
  • 159
    • 84861480543 scopus 로고
    • Ice crystal interactions in electric fields. Phd;UMIST.
    • Wahab, N.M.A., Ice crystal interactions in electric fields. 1974. Phd;UMIST.
    • (1974)
    • Wahab, N.M.A.1
  • 161
    • 33847679354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Simple model of the millimeter-wave scattering parameters of randomly oriented aggregates of finite cylindrical ice hydrometeors
    • Weinman J.A., Kim M.J. A Simple model of the millimeter-wave scattering parameters of randomly oriented aggregates of finite cylindrical ice hydrometeors. J. Atmos. Sci. 2007, 64:634-644.
    • (2007) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.64 , pp. 634-644
    • Weinman, J.A.1    Kim, M.J.2
  • 162
    • 0001219095 scopus 로고
    • Scattering of solar radiation by hexagonal ice crystals
    • Wendling P., Wendling R., Weickmann H.K. Scattering of solar radiation by hexagonal ice crystals. Appl. Opt. 1979, 18:2663-2671.
    • (1979) Appl. Opt. , vol.18 , pp. 2663-2671
    • Wendling, P.1    Wendling, R.2    Weickmann, H.K.3
  • 163
    • 37649029530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theory of growth by differential sedimentation, with application to snowflake formation
    • (Art. No. 021403)
    • Westbrook C.D., Ball R.C., Field P.R., Heymsfield A.J. Theory of growth by differential sedimentation, with application to snowflake formation. Phys. Rev. 2004, E70. (Art. No. 021403).
    • (2004) Phys. Rev. , vol.E70
    • Westbrook, C.D.1    Ball, R.C.2    Field, P.R.3    Heymsfield, A.J.4
  • 164
    • 77249084610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Doppler lidar measurements of oriented planar ice crystals falling from supercooled and glaciated layer clouds
    • Westbrook C.D., Illingworth A.J., Connor E.J., Hogan R.J. Doppler lidar measurements of oriented planar ice crystals falling from supercooled and glaciated layer clouds. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 2009, 136:260-276.
    • (2009) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.136 , pp. 260-276
    • Westbrook, C.D.1    Illingworth, A.J.2    Connor, E.J.3    Hogan, R.J.4
  • 165
    • 67349265921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A quantitative performance assessment of cloud regimes in climate models
    • Williams K.D., Webb M.J. A quantitative performance assessment of cloud regimes in climate models. Clim. Dyn. 2009, 33:141-157.
    • (2009) Clim. Dyn. , vol.33 , pp. 141-157
    • Williams, K.D.1    Webb, M.J.2
  • 166
    • 67349098166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Light scattering theories and computer codes
    • Wriedt T. Light scattering theories and computer codes. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 2009, 110:833-843.
    • (2009) J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. , vol.110 , pp. 833-843
    • Wriedt, T.1
  • 167
    • 0033011825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eight years of cloud statistics using HIRS
    • Wylie D.P., Menzel W.P. Eight years of cloud statistics using HIRS. J. Clim. 1999, 12:170-184.
    • (1999) J. Clim. , vol.12 , pp. 170-184
    • Wylie, D.P.1    Menzel, W.P.2
  • 168
    • 0032216257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Average ice crystal size and bulk short-wave single-scattering properties of cirrus clouds
    • Wyser K., Yang P. Average ice crystal size and bulk short-wave single-scattering properties of cirrus clouds. Atmos. Res. 1998, 49:315-335.
    • (1998) Atmos. Res. , vol.49 , pp. 315-335
    • Wyser, K.1    Yang, P.2
  • 169
    • 79952562260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of the optical properties of plate aggregates for application to the remote sensing of cirrus clouds
    • Xie Y., Yang P., Kattawar G.W., Baum B.A., Hu Y. Simulation of the optical properties of plate aggregates for application to the remote sensing of cirrus clouds. Appl. Opt. 2011, 50:1065-1081.
    • (2011) Appl. Opt. , vol.50 , pp. 1065-1081
    • Xie, Y.1    Yang, P.2    Kattawar, G.W.3    Baum, B.A.4    Hu, Y.5
  • 170
    • 0030319574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geometric-optics-integral-equation method for light scattering by nonspherical ice crystals
    • Yang P., Liou K.N. Geometric-optics-integral-equation method for light scattering by nonspherical ice crystals. Appl. Opt. 1996, 35:6568-6584.
    • (1996) Appl. Opt. , vol.35 , pp. 6568-6584
    • Yang, P.1    Liou, K.N.2
  • 171
    • 0000996981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Light scattering by hexagonal ice crystals: solution by a ray-by-ray integration algorithm
    • Yang P., Liou K.N. Light scattering by hexagonal ice crystals: solution by a ray-by-ray integration algorithm. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 1997, 14:2278-2289.
    • (1997) J. Opt. Soc. Am. A , vol.14 , pp. 2278-2289
    • Yang, P.1    Liou, K.N.2
  • 172
    • 0001352020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single-scattering properties of complex ice crystals in terrestrial atmosphere
    • Yang P., Liou K.N. Single-scattering properties of complex ice crystals in terrestrial atmosphere. Contr. Atmos. Phys. 1998, 71:223-248.
    • (1998) Contr. Atmos. Phys. , vol.71 , pp. 223-248
    • Yang, P.1    Liou, K.N.2
  • 173
    • 0001300317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An efficient finite-difference time domain scheme for light scattering by dielectric particles: application to aerosols
    • Yang P., Liou K.N., Mishchenko M.I., Gao B.C. An efficient finite-difference time domain scheme for light scattering by dielectric particles: application to aerosols. Appl. Opt. 2000, 39:3727-3737.
    • (2000) Appl. Opt. , vol.39 , pp. 3727-3737
    • Yang, P.1    Liou, K.N.2    Mishchenko, M.I.3    Gao, B.C.4
  • 175
    • 57649198107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of cavities on the optical properties of bullet rosettes: implications for active and passive remote sensing of ice cloud properties
    • Yang P., et al. Effect of cavities on the optical properties of bullet rosettes: implications for active and passive remote sensing of ice cloud properties. J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. 2008, 47:2311-2330.
    • (2008) J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. , vol.47 , pp. 2311-2330
    • Yang, P.1
  • 176
    • 77956312937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global analysis of cloud phase and ice crystal orientation from Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) data using attenuated backscattering and depolarization ratio
    • (art. D00H32)
    • Yoshida R., Okamoto H., Hagihara Y., Ishimoto H. Global analysis of cloud phase and ice crystal orientation from Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) data using attenuated backscattering and depolarization ratio. J. Geophys. Res. 2010, 115. (art. D00H32).
    • (2010) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.115
    • Yoshida, R.1    Okamoto, H.2    Hagihara, Y.3    Ishimoto, H.4
  • 177
    • 79960481745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vertical structures of anvil clouds of tropical mesoscale convective systems observed by CloudSat
    • Yuan J., Houze R.A., Heymsfield A.J. Vertical structures of anvil clouds of tropical mesoscale convective systems observed by CloudSat. J. Atmos. Sci. 2011, 68:1653-1674.
    • (2011) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.68 , pp. 1653-1674
    • Yuan, J.1    Houze, R.A.2    Heymsfield, A.J.3
  • 178
    • 0033457305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of crystal size spectrum and crystal shape on stratiform cirrus radiative forcing
    • Zhang Y., Macke A., Albers F. Effect of crystal size spectrum and crystal shape on stratiform cirrus radiative forcing. Atmos. Res. 1999, 52:59-75.
    • (1999) Atmos. Res. , vol.52 , pp. 59-75
    • Zhang, Y.1    Macke, A.2    Albers, F.3
  • 180
    • 78649898074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The occurrence of particle size distribution bimodality in midlatitude cirrus as inferred from ground-based remote sensing data
    • Zhao Y., Mace G., Comstock J.M. The occurrence of particle size distribution bimodality in midlatitude cirrus as inferred from ground-based remote sensing data. J. Atmos. Sci. 2011, 68:1162-1175.
    • (2011) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.68 , pp. 1162-1175
    • Zhao, Y.1    Mace, G.2    Comstock, J.M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.