메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 105, Issue D8, 2000, Pages 10063-10079

Impact of a new scheme for optical properties of ice crystals on climates of two GCMs

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GENERAL CIRCULATION MODEL; ICE CRYSTAL; OPTICAL PROPERTY;

EID: 0033784966     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2000JD900015     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (104)

References (46)
  • 1
    • 0032571175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential retrieval of dominating crystal habit and size using radiance data from a dual-view and multiwavelength instrument: A tropical cirrus anvil case
    • Baran, A. J., P. D. Watts, and J. S. Foot, Potential retrieval of dominating crystal habit and size using radiance data from a dual-view and multiwavelength instrument: A tropical cirrus anvil case, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 6075-6082, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.103 , pp. 6075-6082
    • Baran, A.J.1    Watts, P.D.2    Foot, J.S.3
  • 2
    • 0026439814 scopus 로고
    • Delta-Eddington approximation for solar radiation in the NCAR Community Climate Model
    • Briegleb, B. P., Delta-Eddington approximation for solar radiation in the NCAR Community Climate Model, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 7603-7612, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.97 , pp. 7603-7612
    • Briegleb, B.P.1
  • 3
    • 0030449120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cloud feedbacks in atmospheric general circulation models: An update
    • Cess, R. D., et al., Cloud feedbacks in atmospheric general circulation models: An update, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 12,791-12,794, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.101
    • Cess, R.D.1
  • 4
    • 0033608153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Investigating k distribution methods for parameterizing gaseous absorption in the Hadley Centre Climate Model
    • Cusack, S., J. M. Edwards, and J. M. Crowther, Investigating k distribution methods for parameterizing gaseous absorption in the Hadley Centre Climate Model, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 2051-2057, 1999.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104 , pp. 2051-2057
    • Cusack, S.1    Edwards, J.M.2    Crowther, J.M.3
  • 5
    • 0029751999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prognostic cloud water parameterization for global climate models
    • Del Genio, A., M.-S. Yao, W. Kovari, and L. W. Lo, A prognostic cloud water parameterization for global climate models, J. Clim., 9, 270-304, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Clim. , vol.9 , pp. 270-304
    • Del Genio, A.1    Yao, M.-S.2    Kovari, W.3    Lo, L.W.4
  • 7
    • 0026470472 scopus 로고
    • A parameterization of ice cloud optical properties for climate models
    • Ebert, E. E., and J. A. Curry, A parameterization of ice cloud optical properties for climate models, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 3831-3836, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.97 , pp. 3831-3836
    • Ebert, E.E.1    Curry, J.A.2
  • 8
    • 0030470929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies with a flexible new radiation code, I, Choosing a configuration for a large-scale model
    • Edwards, J. M., and A. Slingo, Studies with a flexible new radiation code, I, Choosing a configuration for a large-scale model, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 122, 689-719, 1996.
    • (1996) Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.122 , pp. 689-719
    • Edwards, J.M.1    Slingo, A.2
  • 9
    • 0029768949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Liquid and ice cloud microphysics in the CSU general circulation model, part II, Impact on cloudiness, the earth's radiation budget, and the general circulation of the atmosphere
    • Fowler, L. D., and D. A. Randall, Liquid and ice cloud microphysics in the CSU general circulation model, part II, Impact on cloudiness, the earth's radiation budget, and the general circulation of the atmosphere, J. Clim., 9, 530-560, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Clim. , vol.9 , pp. 530-560
    • Fowler, L.D.1    Randall, D.A.2
  • 10
    • 0029526178 scopus 로고
    • Some aircraft observations of the scattering properties of ice crystals
    • Francis, P. N., Some aircraft observations of the scattering properties of ice crystals, J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1142-1154, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.52 , pp. 1142-1154
    • Francis, P.N.1
  • 11
    • 0033611373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aircraft measurements of the solar and infrared radiative properties of cirrus and their dependence on ice crystal shape
    • Francis, P. N., J. S. Foot, and A. J. Baran, Aircraft measurements of the solar and infrared radiative properties of cirrus and their dependence on ice crystal shape, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 31,685-31,695, 1999.
    • (1999) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.104
    • Francis, P.N.1    Foot, J.S.2    Baran, A.J.3
  • 12
    • 0030417913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An accurate parameterization of the solar radiative properties of cirrus clouds for climate models
    • Fu, Q., An accurate parameterization of the solar radiative properties of cirrus clouds for climate models, J. Clim., 9, 2058-2082, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Clim. , vol.9 , pp. 2058-2082
    • Fu, Q.1
  • 13
    • 0027798404 scopus 로고
    • Parameterization of the radiative properties of cirrus clouds
    • Fu, Q., and K. N. Liou, Parameterization of the radiative properties of cirrus clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 2008-2025, 1993.
    • (1993) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.50 , pp. 2008-2025
    • Fu, Q.1    Liou, K.N.2
  • 14
    • 0027085408 scopus 로고
    • The Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project
    • Gates, W. L., The Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 73, 1962-1970, 1992.
    • (1992) Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.73 , pp. 1962-1970
    • Gates, W.L.1
  • 15
    • 0030367750 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A sensitivity of climate simulations to the specification of mixed phase clouds
    • Gregory, D., and D. Morris, A sensitivity of climate simulations to the specification of mixed phase clouds, Clim. Dyn., 12, 641-651, 1996.
    • (1996) Clim. Dyn. , vol.12 , pp. 641-651
    • Gregory, D.1    Morris, D.2
  • 16
    • 0025590082 scopus 로고
    • A mass-flux convection scheme with representation of cloud ensemble characteristics and stability dependent closure
    • Gregory, D., and P. R. Rowntree, A mass-flux convection scheme with representation of cloud ensemble characteristics and stability dependent closure, Mon. Weather Rev., 118, 1483-1506, 1990.
    • (1990) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.118 , pp. 1483-1506
    • Gregory, D.1    Rowntree, P.R.2
  • 17
    • 0002143180 scopus 로고
    • Description of the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM2)
    • Natl. Cent. for Atmos. Res., Boulder, Colo.
    • Hack, J. J., B. A. Boville, J. T. Kiehl, P. J. Rasch and D. L. Williamson, Description of the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM2), NCAR/TN-382+STR, 108 pp., Natl. Cent. for Atmos. Res., Boulder, Colo., 1993.
    • (1993) NCAR/TN-382+STR
    • Hack, J.J.1    Boville, B.A.2    Kiehl, J.T.3    Rasch, P.J.4    Williamson, D.L.5
  • 18
    • 0031661950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The hydrologic and thermodynamic characteristics of the NCAR CCM3
    • Hack, J. J., J. T. Kiehl and J. W. Hurrell, The hydrologic and thermodynamic characteristics of the NCAR CCM3, J. Clim., 11, 1179-1206, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Clim. , vol.11 , pp. 1179-1206
    • Hack, J.J.1    Kiehl, J.T.2    Hurrell, J.W.3
  • 20
    • 0024838092 scopus 로고
    • Earth radiation budget and cloudiness simulations with a general circulation model
    • Harshvardhan, D. A. Randall, T. G. Corsetti, and D. A. Dazlich, Earth radiation budget and cloudiness simulations with a general circulation model, J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 1922-1942, 1989.
    • (1989) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.46 , pp. 1922-1942
    • Harshvardhan1    Randall, D.A.2    Corsetti, T.G.3    Dazlich, D.A.4
  • 21
    • 0003571516 scopus 로고
    • Int. Geophys. Ser., Academic, San Diego, Calif.
    • Hartmann, D. L., Global Physical Climatology, vol. 56, Int. Geophys. Ser., 411 pp., Academic, San Diego, Calif., 1994.
    • (1994) Global Physical Climatology , vol.56
    • Hartmann, D.L.1
  • 22
    • 0025682303 scopus 로고
    • The 27-28 October 1986 FIRE IFO cirrus case study: Cloud microstructure
    • Heymsfield, A. J., K. M. Miller, and J. D. Spinhirne, The 27-28 October 1986 FIRE IFO cirrus case study: Cloud microstructure, Mon. Weather Rev., 118, 2313-2328, 1990.
    • (1990) Mon. Weather Rev. , vol.118 , pp. 2313-2328
    • Heymsfield, A.J.1    Miller, K.M.2    Spinhirne, J.D.3
  • 23
    • 0031718804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model: CCM3
    • Kiehl, J. T., J. J. Hack, G. B. Bonan, B. A. Boville, D. L. Williamson, and P. J. Rasch, The National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model: CCM3, J. Clim., 11, 1131-1149, 1998a.
    • (1998) J. Clim. , vol.11 , pp. 1131-1149
    • Kiehl, J.T.1    Hack, J.J.2    Bonan, G.B.3    Boville, B.A.4    Williamson, D.L.5    Rasch, P.J.6
  • 24
    • 0031663904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The energy budget of the NCAR Community Climate Model: COM3
    • Kiehl, J. T., J. J. Hack, and J. W. Hurrell, The energy budget of the NCAR Community Climate Model: COM3, J. Clim., 11, 1151-1178, 1998b.
    • (1998) J. Clim. , vol.11 , pp. 1151-1178
    • Kiehl, J.T.1    Hack, J.J.2    Hurrell, J.W.3
  • 25
    • 0020370309 scopus 로고
    • Measurements of the aerosol and ice crystal populations in tropical stratospheric cumulonimbus anvils
    • Knollenberg, R. G., A. J. Dascher, and D. Huffman, Measurements of the aerosol and ice crystal populations in tropical stratospheric cumulonimbus anvils, Geophys. Res. Lett., 9, 613-616, 1982.
    • (1982) Geophys. Res. Lett. , vol.9 , pp. 613-616
    • Knollenberg, R.G.1    Dascher, A.J.2    Huffman, D.3
  • 26
    • 0032852174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new parameterization scheme for the optical properties of ice crystals for use in general circulation models of the atmosphere
    • Kristjánsson, J. E., J. M. Edwards, and D. L. Mitchell, A new parameterization scheme for the optical properties of ice crystals for use in general circulation models of the atmosphere, Phys. Chem. Earth, 24, 231-236, 1999.
    • (1999) Phys. Chem. Earth , vol.24 , pp. 231-236
    • Kristjánsson, J.E.1    Edwards, J.M.2    Mitchell, D.L.3
  • 27
    • 0025523995 scopus 로고
    • Some coolness concerning global warming
    • Lindzen, R. S., Some coolness concerning global warming, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 71, 288-299, 1990.
    • (1990) Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.71 , pp. 288-299
    • Lindzen, R.S.1
  • 28
    • 0007702533 scopus 로고
    • Ice cloud microphysics, radiative transfer, and large-scale cloud processes
    • Liou, K. N., J. L. Lee, S. C. Ou, Q. Fu, and Y. Takano, Ice cloud microphysics, radiative transfer, and large-scale cloud processes, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 46, 41-50, 1991.
    • (1991) Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. , vol.46 , pp. 41-50
    • Liou, K.N.1    Lee, J.L.2    Ou, S.C.3    Fu, Q.4    Takano, Y.5
  • 29
    • 2342445509 scopus 로고
    • Influence of cirrus cloud radiative forcing on climate and climate sensitivity in a general circulation model
    • Lohmann, U., and E. Roeckner, Influence of cirrus cloud radiative forcing on climate and climate sensitivity in a general circulation model, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 16,305-16,323, 1995.
    • (1995) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.100
    • Lohmann, U.1    Roeckner, E.2
  • 30
    • 0027596895 scopus 로고
    • Scattering of light by polyhedral ice crystals
    • Macke, A., Scattering of light by polyhedral ice crystals, Appl. Opt., 32, 2780-2788, 1993.
    • (1993) Appl. Opt. , vol.32 , pp. 2780-2788
    • Macke, A.1
  • 31
    • 0030432893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microphysical characteristics of three anvils sampled during the Central Equatorial Pacific Experiment (CEPEX)
    • McFarquhar, G. M., and A. J. Heymsfield, Microphysical characteristics of three anvils sampled during the Central Equatorial Pacific Experiment (CEPEX), J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 2401-2423, 1996.
    • (1996) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.53 , pp. 2401-2423
    • McFarquhar, G.M.1    Heymsfield, A.J.2
  • 32
    • 0029542789 scopus 로고
    • Cloud albedo feedback and the super greenhouse effect in a global coupled GCM
    • Meehl, G. A., and W. M. Washington, Cloud albedo feedback and the super greenhouse effect in a global coupled GCM, Clim. Dyn., 11, 399-411, 1995.
    • (1995) Clim. Dyn. , vol.11 , pp. 399-411
    • Meehl, G.A.1    Washington, W.M.2
  • 33
    • 0034038575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parameterization of the Mie extinction and absorption coefficients for water clouds
    • in press
    • Mitchell, D. L., Parameterization of the Mie extinction and absorption coefficients for water clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., in press, 2000.
    • (2000) J. Atmos. Sci.
    • Mitchell, D.L.1
  • 34
    • 0030422804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling cirrus clouds, part I, Treatment of bimodal size spectra and case study analysis
    • Mitchell, D. L., S. K. Chai, Y. Liu, A. J. Heymsfield, and Y. Dong, Modelling cirrus clouds, part I, Treatment of bimodal size spectra and case study analysis, J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 2952-2966, 1996a.
    • (1996) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.53 , pp. 2952-2966
    • Mitchell, D.L.1    Chai, S.K.2    Liu, Y.3    Heymsfield, A.J.4    Dong, Y.5
  • 35
    • 0030405390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling cirrus clouds, part II, Treatment of radiative properties
    • Mitchell, D. L., A. Macke, and Y. Liu, Modelling cirrus clouds, part II, Treatment of radiative properties, J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 1996b.
    • (1996) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.53
    • Mitchell, D.L.1    Macke, A.2    Liu, Y.3
  • 36
    • 0001329886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Testing an ice cloud radiation scheme with tropical anvil and mid-latitude case studies: Scattering implications
    • paper presented Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, 29 Sept. - 1 Oct. 1998
    • Mitchell, D. L., G. M. McFarquhar, D. Ivanova, and A. Macke, Testing an ice cloud radiation scheme with tropical anvil and mid-latitude case studies: Scattering implications, paper presented at the Conference on Light Scattering by Nonspherical Particles: Theory, Measurements and Applications, Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, 29 Sept. - 1 Oct. 1998, 1998.
    • (1998) Conference on Light Scattering by Nonspherical Particles: Theory, Measurements and Applications
    • Mitchell, D.L.1    McFarquhar, G.M.2    Ivanova, D.3    Macke, A.4
  • 37
    • 0002709123 scopus 로고
    • Carbon dioxide and climate: Mechanisms of changes in cloud
    • Mitchell, J. F. B., and W. J. Ingram, Carbon dioxide and climate: Mechanisms of changes in cloud, J. Clim., 5, 5-21, 1992.
    • (1992) J. Clim. , vol.5 , pp. 5-21
    • Mitchell, J.F.B.1    Ingram, W.J.2
  • 38
    • 0028813035 scopus 로고
    • Ice microphysics and climatic temperature feedback
    • Ou, S.-C., and K.-N. Liou, Ice microphysics and climatic temperature feedback, Atmos. Res., 35, 127-138, 1995.
    • (1995) Atmos. Res. , vol.35 , pp. 127-138
    • Ou, S.-C.1    Liou, K.-N.2
  • 39
    • 0034108544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of new physical parameterizations in the Hadley Centre Climate model - HadAM3
    • in press
    • Pope, V. D., M. L. Gallani, P. R. Rowntree, and R. A. Stratton, The impact of new physical parameterizations in the Hadley Centre Climate model - HadAM3, Clim. Dyn., in press, 2000.
    • (2000) Clim. Dyn.
    • Pope, V.D.1    Gallani, M.L.2    Rowntree, P.R.3    Stratton, R.A.4
  • 40
    • 0026293941 scopus 로고
    • Thermodynamic regulation of ocean warming by cirrus clouds deduced from observations of the 1987 El Nino
    • Ramanathan, V., and W. Collins, Thermodynamic regulation of ocean warming by cirrus clouds deduced from observations of the 1987 El Nino, Nature, 351, 27-32, 1991.
    • (1991) Nature , vol.351 , pp. 27-32
    • Ramanathan, V.1    Collins, W.2
  • 41
    • 0024830046 scopus 로고
    • Interactions among radiation, convection and large-scale dynamics in a general circulation model
    • Randall, D. L., Harshvardhan, D. A. Dazlich, and T. G. Corsetti, Interactions among radiation, convection and large-scale dynamics in a general circulation model, J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 1943-1970, 1989.
    • (1989) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.46 , pp. 1943-1970
    • Randall, D.L.1    Harshvardhan2    Dazlich, D.A.3    Corsetti, T.G.4
  • 42
    • 1542607870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the CCM3 model climate using diagnosed and predicted condensate parameterizations
    • Rasch, P. J., and J. E. Kristjánsson, A comparison of the CCM3 model climate using diagnosed and predicted condensate parameterizations, J. Clim., 11, 1587-1614, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Clim. , vol.11 , pp. 1587-1614
    • Rasch, P.J.1    Kristjánsson, J.E.2
  • 43
    • 0029774488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the global variation of precipitating layer clouds
    • Ryan, B. F., On the global variation of precipitating layer clouds, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 77, 53-70, 1996.
    • (1996) Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. , vol.77 , pp. 53-70
    • Ryan, B.F.1
  • 44
    • 0024824610 scopus 로고
    • A GCM parameterization for the shortwave radiative properties of water clouds
    • Slingo, A., A GCM parameterization for the shortwave radiative properties of water clouds, J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 1419-1427, 1989.
    • (1989) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.46 , pp. 1419-1427
    • Slingo, A.1
  • 45
    • 0001379418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effective radius in ice clouds
    • Wyser, K., The effective radius in ice clouds, J. Clim., 11, 1793-1802, 1998.
    • (1998) J. Clim. , vol.11 , pp. 1793-1802
    • Wyser, K.1
  • 46
    • 39549095502 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity of climate simulations to the parameterization of cumulus convection in the Canadian Climate Centre general circulation model
    • Zhang, G. J., and N. A. McFarlane, Sensitivity of climate simulations to the parameterization of cumulus convection in the Canadian Climate Centre general circulation model, Atmos. Ocean, 33, 407-446, 1995.
    • (1995) Atmos. Ocean , vol.33 , pp. 407-446
    • Zhang, G.J.1    McFarlane, N.A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.