Using in situ estimates of ice water content, volume extinction coefficient, and the total solar optical depth obtained during the tropical ACTIVE campaign to test an ensemble model of cirrus ice crystals

Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society

Volumn 137, Issue 654, 2011, Pages 199-218

  Baran, Anthony J ^a   Connolly, Paul J ^b   Heymsfield, A J ^c   Bansemer, A ^c  

^a MET OFFICE   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

^c NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

Climate models; Effective density; Parametrization; Radiative transfer; Remote sensing

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL SPECTROMETERS; AUSTRALIA; CHEMICAL TRANSPORT; CLOUD IMAGING; CLOUD PARTICLE IMAGING PROBES; EFFECTIVE DENSITY; ENSEMBLE MODELS; ICE CRYSTAL SHAPES; ICE CRYSTAL SIZE; ICE CRYSTALS; ICE WATER CONTENT; ICE WATER PATHS; IN-CLOUD TEMPERATURES; IN-SITU; IN-SITU INSTRUMENTS; MODEL PREDICTION; NUMBER CONCENTRATION; OPTICAL DEPTH; PARAMETRIZATIONS; PREDICTIVE VALUES; SHAPE RECOGNITION; TROPICAL CIRRUS; TROPICAL CONVECTION; VOLUME EXTINCTION;

ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; CLIMATE MODELS; CLOUDS; CRYSTALS; DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS; ESTIMATION; FORECASTING; GRAIN SIZE AND SHAPE; PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS; PROBES; RADIATIVE TRANSFER; REMOTE SENSING; RESEARCH AIRCRAFT; TROPICS; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; WATER CONTENT;

ICE;

ALGORITHM; CIRRUS; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; ESTIMATION METHOD; ICE CRYSTAL; IN SITU MEASUREMENT; NUMERICAL MODEL; OPTICAL DEPTH; PARAMETERIZATION; PARTICLE SIZE; RADIATIVE TRANSFER; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; WATER CONTENT;

EID: 79251517441     PISSN: 00359009     EISSN: 1477870X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/qj.731     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Baran AJ. 2009. A review of the light scattering properties of cirrus. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Rad. Transf. 110: 1239-1260.
2. Baran AJ, Francis PN. 2004. On the radiative properties of cirrus cloud at solar and thermal wavelengths: A test of model consistency using high-resolution airborne radiance measurements. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 130: 763-778.
3. Baran AJ, Labonnote LC. 2007. A self-consistent scattering model for cirrus. I: The solar region. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 133: 1899-1912.
4. Baran AJ, Francis PN, Labonnote LC, Doutriaux-Boucher M. 2001. A scattering phase function for ice cloud: Tests of applicability using aircraft and satellite multi-angle multiwavelength radiance measurements of cirrus. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 127: 2395-2416.
5. Baran AJ, Havemann S, Francis PN, Watts PD. 2003. A consistent set of single-scattering properties for cirrus cloud: Tests using radiance measurements from a dual-viewing multi-wavelength satellite-based instrument. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Rad. Transf. 79-80: 549-567.
6. Baran AJ, Connolly PJ, Lee C. 2009. Testing an ensemble model of cirrus ice crystals using mid-latitude in situ estimates of ice water content, volume extinction coefficient, and the total solar optical depth. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Rad. Transf. 110: 1579-1598.
7. Baum BA, Heymsfield AJ, Yang P, Bedka ST. 2005. Bulk scattering properties for the remote sensing of ice clouds. Part I. Microphysical data and models. J. Appl. Meteorol. 44: 1885-1895.
8. -1. J. Appl. Meteorol. 46: 423-434.
9. Brown PRA, Francis PN. 1995. Improved measurements of the ice water content in cirrus using an evaporative technique. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 12: 410-414.
10. Choi Y-S, Ho C-H. 2006. Radiative effects of cirrus with different optical properties over the tropics in MODIS and CERES observations. Geophys. Res. Lett. 33: L21811.
11. Connolly PJ, Saunders CRP, Gallagher M, Bower KN, Flynn MJ, Choularton TW, Whiteway J, Lawson RP. 2005. Aircraft observations of the influence of electric fields on the aggregation of ice crystals. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 131: 1695-1712.
12. Connolly PJ, Flynn MJ, Ulanowski Z, Choularton TW, Gallagher MW, Bower KN. 2007. Calibration of the cloud particle imager probes using calibration beads and ice crystal analogs: The depth of field. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 24: 1860-1879.
13. Donner L, Seman CJ, Soden BJ, Hemler RS, Warren JC, Strom J, Liou KN. 1997. Large-scale ice clouds in the GFDL SKYHI general circulation model. J. Geophys Res. 102: 21745-21768.
14. Edwards JM, Havemann S, Thelen J-C, Baran AJ. 2007. A new parametrization for the radiative properties of ice crystals: Comparison with existing schemes and impact in a GCM. Atmos. Res. 83: 19-35.
15. Field PR, Wood R, Brown PR, Kaye PH, Hirst E, Greenway R, Smith JA. 2003. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 20: 249-261.
16. Field PR, Hogan RJ, Brown PRA, Illingworth AJ, Choularton TW, Cotton RJ. 2005. Parametrization of ice-particle size distribution functions for midlatitude stratiform cloud. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 131: 1997-2017.
17. Field PR, Heymsfield AJ, Bansemer A. 2006. Shattering and particle interarrival times measured by optical array probes in ice clouds. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. 23: 1357-1371.
18. Field PR, Heymsfield AJ, Bansemer A. 2007. Snow size distribution parameterization for mid-latitude and tropical ice cloud. J. Atmos. Sci. 64: 4346-4365.
19. Francis PN, Foot JS, Baran AJ. 1999. Aircraft measurements of the solar and infrared radiative properties of cirrus and their dependence on ice crystal shape. J. Geophys. Res. 104: 31685-31695.
20. Fu Q. 2007. A new parameterization of an asymmetry factor of cirrus clouds for climate models. J. Atmos. Sci. 64: 4140-4150.
21. Heymsfield AJ. 2007. On measurements of small ice particles in clouds. Geophys. Res. Lett. 34: L23812.
22. Heymsfield AJ, Lewis S, Bansemer A, Iaquinta J, Miloshevich LM, Kajikawa M, Twohy C, Poellot MR. 2002. A general approach for deriving the properties of cirrus and stratiform ice cloud particles. J. Atmos. Sci. 59: 3-29.
23. Heymsfield AJ, Bansemer A, Schmitt C, Twohy C, Poellot M. 2004. Effective ice particle densities derived from aircraft data. J. Atmos. Sci. 61: 982-1003.
24. Hong G, Yang P, Gao BC, Baum BA, Hu YX, King MD, and Platnick S. 2007. High cloud properties from three years of MODIS Terra and Aqua collection-4 data over the tropics. J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. 46: 1840-1856.
25. IPCC. 2007. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 2007. Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt KB, Tignor M, Miller HL. (eds.) Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK.
26. Jensen EJ, Pfister L, Bui TV, Lawson P, Baker B, Mo Q, Baumgardner D, Weinstock EM, Smith JB, Moyer EJ, Hanisco TF, Sayres DS, St Clair JM, Alexander MJ, Toon OB, Smith JA. 2008. Formation of large (similar or equal to 100 μm) ice crystals near the tropical tropopause. J. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 8: 1621-1633.
27. Jourdan O, Oshchepkov S, Shcherbakov V, Gayet JF, Isaka H. 2003. Assessment of cloud optical parameters in the solar region: Retrievals from airborne measurements of scattering phase functions. J. Geophys. Res. 108: 4572.
28. Kristjánsson JE, Edwards JM, Mitchell DL. 2000. The impact of a new scheme for the optical properties of ice crystals on the climate of two GCMs. J. Geophys. Res. 105: 10063-10079.
29. Lawson RP, Baker BA, Schmitt CG, Jensen TL. 2001. An overview of microphysical properties of Arctic clouds observed in May and July during FIRE.ACE. J. Geophys. Res. 106: 14989-15014.
30. Lawson RP, Baker BA, Pilson BL. 2003. 'In situ measurements of microphysical properties of mid-latitude and anvil cirrus and validation of satellite retrievals'. Paper no. TS 32.4 in Proceedings of the 30th International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment, Honolulu, Hawaii.
31. Lawson RP, Pilson B, Baker B, Mo Q, Jensen E, Pfister L, Bui P. 2008. Aircraft measurements of microphysical properties of subvisual cirrus in the tropical tropopause layer. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 8: 1609-1620.
32. Liou KN. 1986. Influence of cirrus clouds on weather and climate processes: A global perspective. Mon. Weather. Rev. 114: 1167-1199.
33. Liou KN, Takano Y, Yang P. 2000. Light scattering and radiative transfer by ice crystal clouds: Applications to climate research. In Light scattering by nonspherical particles: Theory, measurements, and geophysical applications. Mishchenko MI, Hovenier JW, Travis LD. (eds.) Academic Press: San Diego, California. 417-449.
34. Lynch DK, Sassen K, Star D, Stephens GL. 2002. Cirrus. Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK.
35. Matrosov SY. 1999. Retrievals of vertical profiles of ice cloud microphysics from radar and IR measurements using tuned regressions between reflectivity and cloud parameters. J. Geophys. Res. 104: 16741-16753.
36. May PT, Mather JH, Vaughan G, Jakob C, McFarquhar GM, Bower K, Mace GG. 2009. Aerosol and thermodynamic effects on tropical cloud systems during TWPICE and ACTIVE. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 9: 15-24.
37. McFarquhar GM, Heymsfield AJ. 1996. Microphysical characteristics of three anvils sampled during the central equatorial Pacific experiment. J. Atmos. Sci. 53: 2401-2423.
38. McFarquhar GM, Yang P, Macke A, Baran AJ. 2002. A new parameterization of single scattering solar radiative properties for tropical anvils using observed ice crystal size and shape distributions. J. Atmos. Sci. 59: 2458-2478.
39. McFarquhar GM, Um J, Freer M, Baumgardner D, Kok GL, Mace G. 2007. Importance of small ice crystals to cirrus properties: Observations from the Tropical Warm Pool International Cloud Experiment (TWP-ICE). Geophys. Res. Lett. 34: L13803.
40. Platnick S, King MD, Ackerman SA, Menzel WP, Baum BA, Riedi JC, Frey RA. 2003. The MODIS cloud products: Algorithms and examples from Terra. IEEE. Trans. Gesosci. Remote Sens. 41: 459-473.
41. Rolland P, Liou KN, King MD, Tsay SC, McFarquhar GM. 2000. Remote sensing of optical and microphysical properties of cirrus clouds using MODIS channels: Methodology and sensitivity to assumptions. J. Geophys. Res. 105: 11721-11738.
42. Sassen K, Comstock JM. 2001. A mid-latitude cirrus cloud climatology from the facility for atmospheric remote sensing. Part III: Radiative properties. J. Atmos. Sci. 58: 2113-2127.
43. Sassen K, Wang Z, Liu D. 2008. Global distribution of cirrus clouds from CloudSat/Cloud-Aerosol lidar and infrared pathfinder satellite observations (CALIPSO) measurements. J. Geophys. Res. 113: D00A12.
44. Stephens GL, Tsay S-C, Stackhouse PW, Flatau PJ. 1990. The relevance of the microphysical and radiative properties of cirrus clouds to climate and climatic feedback. J. Atmos. Sci. 47: 1742-1753.
45. Stith JL, Dye J, Heymsfield AJ, Grainger CA. 2000. 'Microphysical features in tropical clouds'. In Proceedings of the 13th international conference on clouds and precipitation, 14-18 August 2000, Reno, Nevada, USA. 1245-1248.
46. Stoelinga MT, Locatelli JD, Woods CP. 2007. The occurrence of 'irregular' ice particles in stratiform clouds. J. Atmos. Sci. 64: 2740-2750.
47. Stubenrauch CJ, Chédin A, Rädel G, Scott NA, Serrar S. 2006. Cloud properties and their seasonal and diurnal variability from TOVS Path-B. J. Climate 19: 5531-5553.
48. Um J, McFarquhar G. 2009. Single scattering properties of aggregates of plates. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 135: 291-304.
49. van de Hulst HC. 1957. Light Scattering by Small Particles. J. Wiley & Sons: New York.
50. Vaughan G, Schiller C, Mackenzie AR, Bower K, Peter T, Schlager H, Harris NRP, May PT. 2008. Studies in a natural laboratory: High-altitude aircraft measurements around deep tropical convection. Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. 89: 647-662.
51. Waliser DE, Li JLF, Woods CP, Austin RT, Bacmeister J, Chern J, Del Genio A, Jiang JH, Kuang ZM, Meng H, Minnis P, Platnick S, Rossow WB, Stephens GL, Sun-Mack S, Tao WK, Tompkins AM, Vane DG, Walker C, Wu D. 2009. Cloud ice: A climate model challenge with signs and expectations of progress. J. Geophys. Res. 114: D00A21.
52. Whiteway J, Cook C, Gallagher M, Chourlarton T, Harries J, Connolly P, Busen R, Bower K, Flynn M, May P, Aspey R, Hacker J. 2004. Anatomy of cirrus clouds: Results from the Emerald airborne campaigns. Geophys. Res. Lett. 31: L24102, DOI:10.1029/2004GL021201.
53. Wilson DR, Ballard SP. 1999. A microphysically based precipitation scheme for the UK Meteorological Office Unified Model. Q.J.R. Meteorol. Soc. 125: 1607-1636.
54. Wylie DP, Menzel WP. 1999. Eight years of high cloud statistics using HIRS. J. Climate. 12: 170-184.
55. Yang P, Baum BA, Heymsfield AJ, Hu YX, Huang HL, Tsay SC, Ackerman S. 2003. Single-scattering properties of droxtals. J. Quant. Spectrosc. Rad. Transf. 79-80: 1159-1180.
56. Zhang Y, Macke A, Albers F. 1999. Effect of crystal size spectrum and crystal shape on stratiform cirrus radiative forcing. Atmos. Res. 52: 59-75.