Effect of crystal size spectrum and crystal shape on stratiform cirrus radiative forcing

Atmospheric Research

Volumn 52, Issue 1-2, 1999, Pages 59-75

  Zhang, Ying ^a   MacKe, Andreas ^b   Albers, Frank ^a  

^a GERMAN AEROSPACE CENTER DLR   (Germany)

^b GEOMAR HELMHOLTZ CENTRE FOR OCEAN RESEARCH KIEL   (Germany)

Author keywords

Cirrus; Cloud; Cloud microphysics; Radiation; Radiative forcing

Indexed keywords

CIRRUS; CLOUD RADIATIVE FORCING; ICE CRYSTAL; STRATIFORM CLOUD;

EID: 0033457305     PISSN: 01698095     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0169-8095(99)00026-5     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Albers, F., 1991. Improvement for the analysis of 2D probe data. International Cirrus Experiment/European Cloud Radiation Experiment, Fourth Workshop, Reading, UK.
2. Arnott W.P., Dong Y.Y., Hallett J. Role of small ice crystals in radiative properties of cirrus: a case study, FIRE II, November 22, 1991. J. Geophys. Res. 99:1994;1371-1381.
3. Fischer, G., 1989. Numerical data and functional relationships in science and technology, sub b: Meteorology, Vol. 4. Springer-Verlag, 570 pp.
4. Gayet J.F., Febvre G., Brogniez G., Chepfer H., Renger W., Wendling P. Microphysical and optical properties of cirrus and contrails: cloud field study on 13 October 1989. J. Atmos. Sci. 53:1996;126-138.
5. Heymsfield A.J. Cirrus uncinus generating cells and the evolution of cirriform clouds. Part I: Aircraft observations of the growth of the ice phase. J. Atmos. Sci. 32:1975;799-808.
6. Heymsfield A.J., Platt C.M.R. A parameterization of the particle size spectrum of ice clouds in terms of the ambient temperature and the ice water content. J. Atmos. Sci. 41:1984;846-855.
7. Kaercher B., Peter Th., Biermann U.M., Schumann U. The initial composition of jet condensation trails. J. Atmos. Sci. 53:1996;3066-3083.
8. Kerschgens M., Pilz U., Raschke E. A modified two-stream approximation for computations of the solar radiation budget in a cloudy atmosphere. Tellus. 30:1978;429-435.
9. Kinne S., Liou K.-N. The effects of the nonsphericity and size distribution of ice crystals on the radiative properties of cirrus clouds. Atmos. Res. 24:1989;273-284.
10. Knollenberg R.G., Dascher A.J., Huffman D. Measurements of the aerosol and ice crystal populations in tropical stratospheric cumulonimbus anvils. Geophys. Res. Lett. 9:1982;613-616.
11. Koch, W., 1996. Solarer Strahlungstransport in Arktischem Cirrus. PhD Thesis. GKSS 96/E/60, 99 pp.
12. Macke A. Scattering of light by polyhedral ice crystals. Appl. Opt. 32:1993;2780-2788.
13. Macke A., Mueller J., Raschke E. Single scattering properties of atmospheric ice crystals. J. Atmos. Sci. 53:1996;2813-2825.
14. Macke A., Francis P.N., McFarquhar G.M., Kinne S. The role of ice particle shapes and size distributions in the single scattering properties of cirrus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci. 55:1998;2874-2883.
15. Mishchenko M.I., Rossow W.B., Macke A., Lacis A.A. Sensitivity of cirrus cloud albedo, bidirectional reflectance and optical thickness retrieval accuracy to ice particle shape. J. Geophys. Res. 101:1996;16973-16985.
16. Mitchell D.L., Chai S.K., Liu Y., Heymsfield A.J., Dong Y. Modeling cirrus clouds. Part I: Treatment of bimodal size spectra and case study analysis. J. Atmos. Sci. 53:1996;2952-2966.
17. Ramaswamy V., Detwiler A. Interdependence of radiation and microphysics in cirrus clouds. J. Atmos. Sci. 43:1986;2289-2301.
18. Rangno A.L., Hobbs P.V. Production of ice particles in clouds due to aircraft penetrations. J. Clim. Appl. Meteorol. 22:1983;214-232.
19. Rockwitz K.-D. Scattering properties of horizontally oriented ice crystal columns in cirrus clouds. Appl. Opt. 28:1989;4103-4111. Part 1.
20. Sassen K. Contrail-cirrus and their potential for regional climate changes. Bull. Am. Meteor. Soc. 78:1997;1885-1903.
21. Schmetz J. On the parameterization of the radiative properties of broken clouds. Tellus. 36:1984;417-432.
22. Schmetz J., Raschke E. An approximate computation of infrared radiative fluxes in a cloudy atmosphere. Pure Appl. Geophys. 119:1981;248-258.
23. Stenchikov, G.L., Kirchner, I., Robock, A., Graf, H.-F., Antuna, J.C., Grainger, R., Lambert, A., Thomason, L., 1997. Radiative Forcing from the 1991 Mount Pinatubo Volcanic Eruption. Max-Planck-Institut fuer Meteorologie, Rep. No. 231, 40 pp.
24. Stephens G.L., Tsay S.-C., Stackhouse P.W. Jr., Flatau P.J. The relevance of the microphysical and radiative properties of cirrus clouds to climate and climate feedback. J. Atmos. Sci. 47:1990;1742-1753.
25. Wendling P., Wendling R., Weickmann H.K. Scattering of solar radiation by hexagonal ice crystals. Appl. Opt. 18:1979;2663-2671.
26. Zhang Y., Laube M., Raschke E. Numerical studies of the time behaviour of cirrus in still air. Contrib. Atmos. Phys. 62:1989;307-320.
27. Zhang Y., Laube M., Raschke E. Evolution of stratiform cirrus simulated in a lifting layer. Contrib. Atmos. Phys. 65:1992;23-34.
28. Zhang Y., Laube M., Raschke E. Numerical simulation of cirrus properties. Contrib. Atmos. Phys. 67:1994;109-120.