메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 166, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 309-326

Sensitivity to μ-opioid receptor-mediated anti-nociception is determined by cross-regulation between μ- And δ-opioid receptors at supraspinal level

Author keywords

anti nociception; inter individual variability; opioid receptors; opioid receptors interactions; opioids; rats; supraspinal

Indexed keywords

ADENYLATE CYCLASE; CYCLIC AMP; DELTA OPIATE RECEPTOR; DELTORPHIN; MU OPIATE RECEPTOR; MU OPIATE RECEPTOR AGONIST; NALTRINDOLE;

EID: 84859724935     PISSN: 00071188     EISSN: 14765381     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01750.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (12)

References (51)
  • 1
    • 81355156238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guide to Receptors and Channels (GRAC), 5th Edition
    • Alexander SPH, Mathie A, Peters JA, (2011). Guide to Receptors and Channels (GRAC), 5th Edition. Br J Pharmacol 164 (Suppl. 1): S1-S324.
    • (2011) Br J Pharmacol , vol.164 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Alexander, S.P.H.1    Mathie, A.2    Peters, J.A.3
  • 2
    • 0017184389 scopus 로고
    • A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding
    • Bradford MM, (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem 72: 248-254.
    • (1976) Anal Biochem , vol.72 , pp. 248-254
    • Bradford, M.M.1
  • 3
    • 14644431832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individual responder analyses for pain: Does one pain scale fit all?
    • Dionne RA, Bartoshuk L, Mogil J, Witter J, (2005). Individual responder analyses for pain: does one pain scale fit all? Trends Pharmacol Sci 26: 125-130.
    • (2005) Trends Pharmacol Sci , vol.26 , pp. 125-130
    • Dionne, R.A.1    Bartoshuk, L.2    Mogil, J.3    Witter, J.4
  • 4
    • 0028167479 scopus 로고
    • 3H]naltrindole binding to delta opioid receptors in mouse brain and mouse vas deferens: Evidence for delta opioid receptor heterogeneity
    • 3H]naltrindole binding to delta opioid receptors in mouse brain and mouse vas deferens: evidence for delta opioid receptor heterogeneity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 268: 836-846.
    • (1994) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.268 , pp. 836-846
    • Fang, L.1    Knapp, R.J.2    Horvath, R.3    Matsunaga, T.O.4    Haaseth, R.C.5    Hruby, V.J.6
  • 5
    • 0028986866 scopus 로고
    • Antibodies to the cloned Mu-opioid receptor detect various molecular weight forms in areas of mouse brain
    • Garzõn J, Juarros JL, Castro MA, Sánchez-Blázquez P, (1995). Antibodies to the cloned Mu-opioid receptor detect various molecular weight forms in areas of mouse brain. Mol Pharmacol 47: 738-744.
    • (1995) Mol Pharmacol , vol.47 , pp. 738-744
    • Garzõn, J.1    Juarros, J.L.2    Castro, M.A.3    Sánchez-Blázquez, P.4
  • 6
    • 0031950047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of Gz and Gi2 transducer proteins in the affinity of opioid agonists to μ receptors
    • Garzõn J, Castro M, Sánchez-Blázquez P, (1998). Influence of Gz and Gi2 transducer proteins in the affinity of opioid agonists to μ receptors. Eur J Neurosci 10: 2557-2564.
    • (1998) Eur J Neurosci , vol.10 , pp. 2557-2564
    • Garzõn, J.1    Castro, M.2    Sánchez-Blázquez, P.3
  • 7
    • 19244367478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The R7 subfamily of RGS proteins assists tachyphylaxis and acute tolerance at μ-opioid receptors
    • Garzõn J, Lõpez-Fando A, Sánchez-Blázquez P, (2003). The R7 subfamily of RGS proteins assists tachyphylaxis and acute tolerance at μ-opioid receptors. Neuropsychopharmacology 28: 1983-1990.
    • (2003) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.28 , pp. 1983-1990
    • Garzõn, J.1    Lõpez-Fando, A.2    Sánchez-Blázquez, P.3
  • 8
    • 27744598288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The RGSZ2 protein exists in a complex with μ-opioid receptors and regulates the desensitizing capacity of Gz proteins
    • Garzõn J, Rodríguez-Muñoz M, Lõpez-Fando A, Sánchez-Blázquez P, (2005). The RGSZ2 protein exists in a complex with μ-opioid receptors and regulates the desensitizing capacity of Gz proteins. Neuropsychopharmacology 30: 1632-1648.
    • (2005) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.30 , pp. 1632-1648
    • Garzõn, J.1    Rodríguez-Muñoz, M.2    Lõpez-Fando, A.3    Sánchez-Blázquez, P.4
  • 9
    • 0027317416 scopus 로고
    • Direct measurements of in situ ineractions of rat brain opioid receptors with the guanine nucleotide-binding protein Go
    • Georgoussi Z, Carr C, Milligan G, (1993). Direct measurements of in situ ineractions of rat brain opioid receptors with the guanine nucleotide-binding protein Go. Mol Pharmacol 44: 62-69.
    • (1993) Mol Pharmacol , vol.44 , pp. 62-69
    • Georgoussi, Z.1    Carr, C.2    Milligan, G.3
  • 11
    • 23944455412 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interaction with vesicle luminal protachykinin regulates surface expresion of δ-opioid receptors and opioid analgesia
    • Guan J-S, Xu Z-Z, Gao H, He S-Q, Ma G-Q, Sun T, et al,. (2005). Interaction with vesicle luminal protachykinin regulates surface expresion of δ-opioid receptors and opioid analgesia. Cell 122: 619-631.
    • (2005) Cell , vol.122 , pp. 619-631
    • Guan, J.-S.1    Xu, Z.-Z.2    Gao, H.3    He, S.-Q.4    Ma, G.-Q.5    Sun, T.6
  • 12
    • 78650958254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facilitation of m-opioid receptor activity by preventing d-opioid receptor-mediated codegradation
    • He S-Q, Zang Z-N, Guan J-S, Liu H-R, Zhao B, Li Q, et al,. (2011). Facilitation of m-opioid receptor activity by preventing d-opioid receptor-mediated codegradation. Neuron 69: 120-131.
    • (2011) Neuron , vol.69 , pp. 120-131
    • He, S.-Q.1    Zang, Z.-N.2    Guan, J.-S.3    Liu, H.-R.4    Zhao, B.5    Li, Q.6
  • 13
    • 0024317489 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of μ-mediated antinociception by δ agonists: Characterization with antagonists
    • Heyman JS, Jiang Q, Rothman RB, Mosberg HI, Porreca F, (1989). Modulation of μ-mediated antinociception by δ agonists: characterization with antagonists. Eur J Pharmacol 169: 43-52.
    • (1989) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.169 , pp. 43-52
    • Heyman, J.S.1    Jiang, Q.2    Rothman, R.B.3    Mosberg, H.I.4    Porreca, F.5
  • 14
    • 0032576003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic differences in morphine sensitivity, tolerance and withdrawal in rats
    • Hoffman O, Plesan A, Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z, (1998). Genetic differences in morphine sensitivity, tolerance and withdrawal in rats. Brain Res 806: 232-237.
    • (1998) Brain Res , vol.806 , pp. 232-237
    • Hoffman, O.1    Plesan, A.2    Wiesenfeld-Hallin, Z.3
  • 15
    • 0027515248 scopus 로고
    • Differential regulation of adenylyl cyclase activity by mu and delta opioids in rat caudate putamen and nucleus accumbens
    • Izenwasser S, Búzás B, Cox BM, (1993). Differential regulation of adenylyl cyclase activity by mu and delta opioids in rat caudate putamen and nucleus accumbens. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 267: 145-152.
    • (1993) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.267 , pp. 145-152
    • Izenwasser, S.1    Búzás, B.2    Cox, B.M.3
  • 16
    • 0036157899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-acting fentanyl analogues: Synthesis and pharmacology of N-(1-phenylpyrazolyl)-N-(1-phenylalkyl-4-piperidyl)propanamides
    • Jagerovic N, Cano C, Elguero J, Goya P, Callado LF, Meana JJ, et al,. (2002). Long-acting fentanyl analogues: synthesis and pharmacology of N-(1-phenylpyrazolyl)-N-(1-phenylalkyl-4-piperidyl)propanamides. Bioorg Med Chem 10: 817-827.
    • (2002) Bioorg Med Chem , vol.10 , pp. 817-827
    • Jagerovic, N.1    Cano, C.2    Elguero, J.3    Goya, P.4    Callado, L.F.5    Meana, J.J.6
  • 17
    • 0029416910 scopus 로고
    • Expresion of μ-, δ- And κ-opioid receptor-like immunoreactivities in rat dorsal root ganglia after carrageenan-induced inflammation
    • Ji R-R, Zhang Q, Law P-Y, Low HH, Elde R, Hökfelt T, (1995). Expresion of μ-, δ- and κ-opioid receptor-like immunoreactivities in rat dorsal root ganglia after carrageenan-induced inflammation. J Neurosci 15: 8156-8166.
    • (1995) J Neurosci , vol.15 , pp. 8156-8166
    • Ji, R.-R.1    Zhang, Q.2    Law, P.-Y.3    Low, H.H.4    Elde, R.5    Hökfelt, T.6
  • 18
    • 1642390536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delta-opioid agonists: Differential efficacy and potency of SNC 80, its 3-OH(SNC86) and 3-desoxy (SNC162) derivatives in Sprague-Dawley rats
    • Jutkiewicz EM, Eller EB, Folk JE, Rice KC, Traynor JR, Woods JH, (2004). Delta-opioid agonists: differential efficacy and potency of SNC 80, its 3-OH(SNC86) and 3-desoxy (SNC162) derivatives in Sprague-Dawley rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 309: 173-181.
    • (2004) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.309 , pp. 173-181
    • Jutkiewicz, E.M.1    Eller, E.B.2    Folk, J.E.3    Rice, K.C.4    Traynor, J.R.5    Woods, J.H.6
  • 21
    • 0019196590 scopus 로고
    • Opiate and peptide interaction: Effect of enkephalins on morphine analgesia
    • Lee NM, Leybin L, Chang J-K, Loh HH, (1980). Opiate and peptide interaction: effect of enkephalins on morphine analgesia. Eur J Pharmacol 68: 181-185.
    • (1980) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.68 , pp. 181-185
    • Lee, N.M.1    Leybin, L.2    Chang, J.-K.3    Loh, H.H.4
  • 22
    • 0034595721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic variability in morphine sensitivity and tolerance between different strains of rats
    • Más M, Sabater E, Olaso MJ, Horga JF, Faura CC, (2000). Genetic variability in morphine sensitivity and tolerance between different strains of rats. Brain Res 866: 109-115.
    • (2000) Brain Res , vol.866 , pp. 109-115
    • Más, M.1    Sabater, E.2    Olaso, M.J.3    Horga, J.F.4    Faura, C.C.5
  • 23
    • 17344370360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity of the δ-opioid receptor is partially reduced, whereas activity of the κ-receptor is maintained in mice lacking the μ-receptor
    • Matthes HWD, Smadja C, Valverde O, Vonesch J-L, Fouttz AS, Boudinot E, et al,. (1998). Activity of the δ-opioid receptor is partially reduced, whereas activity of the κ-receptor is maintained in mice lacking the μ-receptor. J Neurosci 18: 7285-7295.
    • (1998) J Neurosci , vol.18 , pp. 7285-7295
    • Matthes, H.W.D.1    Smadja, C.2    Valverde, O.3    Vonesch, J.-L.4    Fouttz, A.S.5    Boudinot, E.6
  • 24
    • 0027232726 scopus 로고
    • Involvement of spinal k opioid receptors in a type of footshock induced analgesia in mice
    • Menendez L, Andres-Trelles F, Hidalgo A, Baanonde A, (1993). Involvement of spinal k opioid receptors in a type of footshock induced analgesia in mice. Brain Res 611: 264-271.
    • (1993) Brain Res , vol.611 , pp. 264-271
    • Menendez, L.1    Andres-Trelles, F.2    Hidalgo, A.3    Baanonde, A.4
  • 25
    • 0030088064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential genetic mediation of sensitivity to morphine in genetic models of opiate antinociception: Influence of nociceptive assay
    • Mogil JS, Kest B, Sadowski B, Belknap JK, (1996). Differential genetic mediation of sensitivity to morphine in genetic models of opiate antinociception: influence of nociceptive assay. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 276: 532-544.
    • (1996) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.276 , pp. 532-544
    • Mogil, J.S.1    Kest, B.2    Sadowski, B.3    Belknap, J.K.4
  • 26
    • 0032902563 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity to the discriminative stimulus and antinociceptive effects of μ opioids: Role of strain of rat, stimulus intensity, and intrinsic efficacy at the μ opioid receptor
    • Morgan D, Cook CD, Picker MJ, (1999). Sensitivity to the discriminative stimulus and antinociceptive effects of μ opioids: role of strain of rat, stimulus intensity, and intrinsic efficacy at the μ opioid receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 289: 965-975.
    • (1999) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.289 , pp. 965-975
    • Morgan, D.1    Cook, C.D.2    Picker, M.J.3
  • 28
    • 0027944479 scopus 로고
    • Naltrindole, an opioid delta antagonist, blocks the enhancement of morphine-antinociception induced by a CCKB antagonist in the rat
    • Ossipov MH, Kovelowski CJ, Vanderah T, Porreca F, (1994). Naltrindole, an opioid delta antagonist, blocks the enhancement of morphine-antinociception induced by a CCKB antagonist in the rat. Neurosci Lett 181: 9-12.
    • (1994) Neurosci Lett , vol.181 , pp. 9-12
    • Ossipov, M.H.1    Kovelowski, C.J.2    Vanderah, T.3    Porreca, F.4
  • 29
    • 0026326537 scopus 로고
    • Increased analgesic potency of mu agonist after continuous naloxone infusion in rats
    • Paronis CA, Holtzman SG, (1991). Increased analgesic potency of mu agonist after continuous naloxone infusion in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 259: 582-589.
    • (1991) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.259 , pp. 582-589
    • Paronis, C.A.1    Holtzman, S.G.2
  • 30
    • 0023931559 scopus 로고
    • Naltrindole, a highly selective and potent non-peptide δ opioid receptor antagonist
    • Portoghese PS, Sultana M, Takemori AE, (1988). Naltrindole, a highly selective and potent non-peptide δ opioid receptor antagonist. Eur J Pharmacol 146: 185-186.
    • (1988) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.146 , pp. 185-186
    • Portoghese, P.S.1    Sultana, M.2    Takemori, A.E.3
  • 32
    • 49549108443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • NMDAR-nNOS generated zinc recruits PKCgamma to the HINT1-RGS17 complex bound to the C terminus of Mu-opioid receptors
    • Rodríguez-Muñoz M, de la Torre-Madrid E, Sánchez-Blázquez P, Wang JB, Garzõn J, (2008). NMDAR-nNOS generated zinc recruits PKCgamma to the HINT1-RGS17 complex bound to the C terminus of Mu-opioid receptors. Cell Signal 20: 1855-1864.
    • (2008) Cell Signal , vol.20 , pp. 1855-1864
    • Rodríguez-Muñoz, M.1    De La Torre-Madrid, E.2    Sánchez-Blázquez, P.3    Wang, J.B.4    Garzõn, J.5
  • 34
    • 0001845980 scopus 로고
    • Allosteric coupling among opioid receptor: Evidence for an opioid receptor complex
    • Herz A. (ed.). Opioids I, Springer Verlag: New York
    • Rothman RB, Holaday JW, Porreca F, (1993). Allosteric coupling among opioid receptor: evidence for an opioid receptor complex. In:, Herz A, (ed.). Hand-Book of Experimental Pharmacology, Vol. 194. Opioids I, Springer Verlag: New York, pp. 217-237.
    • (1993) Hand-Book of Experimental Pharmacology , vol.194 , pp. 217-237
    • Rothman, R.B.1    Holaday, J.W.2    Porreca, F.3
  • 35
    • 2342567029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The delta agoists DPDPE and deltorphin II recruit predominantly um receptors to produce thermal analgesia: A parallel study of um, delta a combinatorial opioid receptor knockout mice
    • Scherrer G, Befort K, Contet C, Becker J, Matifas A, Kieffer BL, (2004). The delta agoists DPDPE and deltorphin II recruit predominantly um receptors to produce thermal analgesia: a parallel study of um, delta a combinatorial opioid receptor knockout mice. Eur J Neurosci 19: 2239-2248.
    • (2004) Eur J Neurosci , vol.19 , pp. 2239-2248
    • Scherrer, G.1    Befort, K.2    Contet, C.3    Becker, J.4    Matifas, A.5    Kieffer, B.L.6
  • 38
    • 0343145730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunolocalization of two mu-opioid receptor isoforms (mor1 and mor1b) in the rat central nervous system
    • Schulz S, Schreff M, Koch T, Zimprich A, Gramsch C, Elde R, et al,. (1998). Immunolocalization of two mu-opioid receptor isoforms (mor1 and mor1b) in the rat central nervous system. Neuroscience 82: 613-622.
    • (1998) Neuroscience , vol.82 , pp. 613-622
    • Schulz, S.1    Schreff, M.2    Koch, T.3    Zimprich, A.4    Gramsch, C.5    Elde, R.6
  • 39
    • 0029120593 scopus 로고
    • In vitro autoradiography of receptor-activated G proteins in rat brain by agonist-stimulated guanylyl 5′-[gamma-[35S]thio]-triphosphate binding
    • Sim LJ, Selley DE, Childers SR, (1995). In vitro autoradiography of receptor-activated G proteins in rat brain by agonist-stimulated guanylyl 5′-[gamma-[35S]thio]-triphosphate binding. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 92: 7242-7246.
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , vol.92 , pp. 7242-7246
    • Sim, L.J.1    Selley, D.E.2    Childers, S.R.3
  • 40
    • 0042243639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opioid receptors interactions: Local and nonlocal, symmetric and asymmetric, physical and functional
    • Smith AP, Lee NM, (2003). Opioid receptors interactions: local and nonlocal, symmetric and asymmetric, physical and functional. Life Sci 73: 1873-1893.
    • (2003) Life Sci , vol.73 , pp. 1873-1893
    • Smith, A.P.1    Lee, N.M.2
  • 41
    • 33745934035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • μ-δ opioid receptor functional interaction: Insight using receptor-G protein fusions
    • Snook LA, Milligan G, Kieffer BL, Massotte D, (2006). μ-δ opioid receptor functional interaction: insight using receptor-G protein fusions. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 318: 683-690.
    • (2006) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.318 , pp. 683-690
    • Snook, L.A.1    Milligan, G.2    Kieffer, B.L.3    Massotte, D.4
  • 42
    • 42449147994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Co-expression of um and delta receptors as receptor-G protein fusions enhances both mu and delta signalling via distinct mechanisms
    • Snook LA, Milligan G, Kieffer BL, Massotte D, (2008). Co-expression of um and delta receptors as receptor-G protein fusions enhances both mu and delta signalling via distinct mechanisms. J Neurochem 105: 865-873.
    • (2008) J Neurochem , vol.105 , pp. 865-873
    • Snook, L.A.1    Milligan, G.2    Kieffer, B.L.3    Massotte, D.4
  • 43
    • 0026563687 scopus 로고
    • Antinociception after intracerebroventricular administration of naltrindole in the mouse
    • Stapelfeld A, Hammond DL, Rafferty MF, (1992). Antinociception after intracerebroventricular administration of naltrindole in the mouse. Eur J Pharmacol 214: 273-276.
    • (1992) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.214 , pp. 273-276
    • Stapelfeld, A.1    Hammond, D.L.2    Rafferty, M.F.3
  • 44
    • 0028215505 scopus 로고
    • Activation of spinal delta-1 or delta-2 opioid receptors reduces carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia in the rat
    • Stewart PE, Hammond DL, (1994). Activation of spinal delta-1 or delta-2 opioid receptors reduces carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia in the rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 268: 701-708.
    • (1994) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.268 , pp. 701-708
    • Stewart, P.E.1    Hammond, D.L.2
  • 45
    • 0026582681 scopus 로고
    • Agonists and antagonists activities of ligands derived from naltrexone and oxymorphone
    • Takemori AE, Sultana M, Nagase H, Portoghese PS, (1992). Agonists and antagonists activities of ligands derived from naltrexone and oxymorphone. Life Sci 50: 1491-1495.
    • (1992) Life Sci , vol.50 , pp. 1491-1495
    • Takemori, A.E.1    Sultana, M.2    Nagase, H.3    Portoghese, P.S.4
  • 46
    • 0018342593 scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of leucine enkephalin and methionine enkephalin on morphine-induced analgesia, acute tolerance and dependence
    • Vaught J, Takemori A, (1979). Differential effects of leucine enkephalin and methionine enkephalin on morphine-induced analgesia, acute tolerance and dependence. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 208: 86-94.
    • (1979) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.208 , pp. 86-94
    • Vaught, J.1    Takemori, A.2
  • 47
    • 0020472013 scopus 로고
    • Mu and delta receptors: Their role in analgesia and in the differential effects of opioid peptides in analgesia
    • Vaught JL, Rothman RB, Westfall TC, (1982). Mu and delta receptors: their role in analgesia and in the differential effects of opioid peptides in analgesia. Life Sci 30: 1443-1445.
    • (1982) Life Sci , vol.30 , pp. 1443-1445
    • Vaught, J.L.1    Rothman, R.B.2    Westfall, T.C.3
  • 48
    • 0020684011 scopus 로고
    • Relative involvement of mu, kappa and delta receptor mechanisms in opiate-mediated antinociception in mice
    • Ward SJ, Takemori AE, (1983). Relative involvement of mu, kappa and delta receptor mechanisms in opiate-mediated antinociception in mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 224: 525-530.
    • (1983) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.224 , pp. 525-530
    • Ward, S.J.1    Takemori, A.E.2
  • 49
    • 0034874175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SoRI 9409, a non-peptide opioid μ receptor agonist/δ receptor antagonist, fails to stimulate [35S]-GTP-γ-S binding at cloned opioid receptor
    • Xu H, Lu Y-F, Rice KC, Ananthan S, Rothman RB, (2001). SoRI 9409, a non-peptide opioid μ receptor agonist/δ receptor antagonist, fails to stimulate [35S]-GTP-γ-S binding at cloned opioid receptor. Brain Res Bull 55: 507-511.
    • (2001) Brain Res Bull , vol.55 , pp. 507-511
    • Xu, H.1    Lu, Y.-F.2    Rice, K.C.3    Ananthan, S.4    Rothman, R.B.5
  • 50
    • 0033198831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retention of supraspinal d-like analgesia and loss of morphine tolerance in d opioid receptor knockout mice
    • Zhu Y, King MA, Schuller AG, Nitsche JF, Reidl M, Elde RP, et al,. (1999). Retention of supraspinal d-like analgesia and loss of morphine tolerance in d opioid receptor knockout mice. Neuron 24: 243-252.
    • (1999) Neuron , vol.24 , pp. 243-252
    • Zhu, Y.1    King, M.A.2    Schuller, A.G.3    Nitsche, J.F.4    Reidl, M.5    Elde, R.P.6
  • 51
    • 0020525719 scopus 로고
    • Ethical guidelines for investigations of experimental pain in conscious animals
    • Zimmermann M, (1983). Ethical guidelines for investigations of experimental pain in conscious animals. Pain 16: 109-110.
    • (1983) Pain , vol.16 , pp. 109-110
    • Zimmermann, M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.