Role stressors and exposure to workplace bullying: Causes or consequences of what and why?

European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology

Volumn 20, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 610-630

  Hauge, Lars Johan ^a,b   Skogstad, Anders ^b   Einarsen, Ståle ^b  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH   (Norway)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN   (Norway)

Author keywords

Bullying; Cross lagged; Harassment; Longitudinal; Role stress

Indexed keywords

EID: 84859035364     PISSN: 1359432X     EISSN: 14640643     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/1359432X.2010.482264     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Agervold, M. 2009. The significance of organizational factors for the incidence of bullying. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 50(3): 267-276.
2. Agervold, M. and Mikkelsen, E. G. 2004. Relationships between bullying, psychosocial work environment and individual stress reactions. Work and Stress, 18(4): 336-351.
3. Anderson, J. C. and Gerbing, D. W. 1988. Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3): 411-423.
4. Aquino, K. and Thau, S. 2009. Workplace victimization: Aggression from the target's perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 60: 717-741.
5. Baillien, E., Neyens, I., De Witte, H. and De Cuyper, N. 2009. A qualitative study on the development of workplace bullying: Towards a three way model. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 19(1): 1-16.
6. Beehr, T. A. 1995. Psychological stress in the workplace, London: Routledge.
7. Beehr, T. A., Walsh, J. T. and Taber, T. D. 1976. Relationships of stress to individually and organizationally valued states: Higher order needs as a moderator. Journal of Applied Psychology, 61(1): 41-47.
8. Bentler, P. M. 1990. Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107(2): 238-246.
9. Berkowitz, L. 1989. Frustration-aggression hypothesis: Examination and reformulation. Psychological Bulletin, 106(1): 59-73.
10. Bliese, P. D. and Jex, S. M. 2002. Incorporating a multilevel perspective into occupational stress research: Theoretical, methodological, and practical implications. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 7(3): 265-276.
11. Bowling, N. A. and Beehr, T. A. 2006. Workplace harassment from the victim's perspective: A theoretical model and meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(5): 998-1012.
12. Brodsky, C. M. 1976. The harassed worker, Toronto, Canada: Lexington Books.
13. Brown, T. A. 2006. Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research, New York: Guilford Press.
14. Chan, D. 2002. "Longitudinal modeling". In Handbook of research methods in industrial and organizational psychology, Edited by: Rogelberg, S. G. 412-430. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
15. Cohen, J. 1992. A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1): 155-159.
16. De Cuyper, N., Baillien, E. and De Witte, H. 2009. Job insecurity, perceived employability and targets' and perpetrators' experiences of workplace bullying. Work and Stress, 23(3): 206-224.
17. Dormann, C. 2001. Modeling unmeasured third variables in longitudinal studies. Structural Equation Modeling, 8(4): 575-598.
18. Einarsen, S. 1999. The nature and causes of bullying at work. International Journal of Manpower, 20(1/2): 16-27.
19. Einarsen, S. 2000. Harassment and bullying at work: A review of the Scandinavian approach. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 5(4): 379-401.
20. Einarsen, S., Hoel, H. and Notelaers, G. 2009. Measuring exposure to bullying and harassment at work: Validity, factor structure and psychometric properties of the Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised. Work and Stress, 23(1): 24-44.
21. Einarsen, S., Hoel, H., Zapf, D. and Cooper, C. L. 2003. "The concept of bullying at work: The European tradition". In Bullying and emotional abuse in the workplace: International perspectives in research and practice, Edited by: Einarsen, S., Hoel, H., Zapf, D. and Cooper, C. L. 3-30. London: Taylor & Francis.
22. Einarsen, S., Raknes, B. I. and Matthiesen, S. B. 1994. Bullying and harassment at work and their relationship to work environment quality: An exploratory study. The European Work and Organizational Psychologist, 4(4): 381-401.
23. Ferris, G. R., Zinko, R., Brouer, R. L., Buckley, M. R. and Harvey, M. G. 2007. Strategic bullying as a supplementary, balanced perspective on destructive leadership. Leadership Quarterly, 18(3): 195-206.
24. Gollob, H. F. and Reichardt, C. S. 1987. Taking account of time lags in causal models. Child Development, 58(1): 80-92.
25. Graham, J. W. 2009. Missing data analysis: Making it work in the real world. Annual Review of Psychology, 60: 549-576.
26. Hauge, L. J., Skogstad, A. and Einarsen, S. 2007. Relationships between stressful work environments and bullying: Results of a large representative study. Work and Stress, 21(3): 220-242.
27. Hauge, L. J., Skogstad, A. and Einarsen, S. 2009. Individual and situational predictors of workplace bullying: Why do perpetrators engage in the bullying of others?. Work and Stress, 23(4): 349-358.
28. Hertzog, C. and Nesselroade, J. R. 1987. Beyond autoregressive models: Some implications of the trait-state distinction for the structural modeling of developmental change. Child Development, 58(1): 93-109.
29. Hoel, H., Zapf, D. and Cooper, C. L. 2002. "Workplace bullying and stress". In Historical and current perspectives on stress and health, Edited by: Perrewe, P. L. and Ganster, D. C. Vol. 2, 293-333. Amsterdam: JAI Press.
30. Hox, J. 2002. Multilevel analysis: Techniques and applications, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
31. Høstmark, M. and Lagerstrøm, B. O. 2006. Undersøkelse om arbeidsmiljø: Destruktiv atferd i arbeidslivet. Dokumentasjonsrapport [A study of work environments: Destructive behaviours in working life: Documentation report] (No. 44), Norway: Statistics Norway (SSB).
32. Jennifer, D., Cowie, H. and Ananiadou, K. 2003. Perceptions and experience of workplace bullying in five different working populations. Aggressive Behavior, 29(6): 489-496.
33. Jöreskog, K. G. 1993. "Testing structural equation models". In Testing structural equation models, Edited by: Bollen, K. A. and Long, J. S. 294-316. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
34. Jöreskog, K. G. and Sörbom, D. 1996. LISREL 8: User's reference guide, (2nd ed.), Chicago, IL: Scientific Software International.
35. Jöreskog, K. G. and Sörbom, D. 1999. PRELIS 2: User's reference guide, (3rd ed.), Chicago, IL: Scientific Software International.
36. Kahn, R. L., Wolfe, D. M., Quinn, R. P., Snoek, D. J. and Rosenthal, R. A. 1964. Organizational stress: Studies in role conflict and ambiguity, New York: Wiley.
37. Katz, D. and Kahn, R. L. 1978. The social psychology of organizations, New York: Wiley.
38. Keashly, L. and Harvey, S. 2005. "Emotional abuse in the workplace". In Counterproductive behavior: Investigations of actors and targets, Edited by: Fox, S. and Spector, P. E. 201-235. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
39. Leymann, H. 1992. Från mobbning til utslagning i arbetslivet [From mobbing to expulsion in work life], Stockholm: Publica.
40. Leymann, H. 1996. The content and development of mobbing at work. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5(2): 165-184.
41. MacCallum, R. C. and Austin, J. T. 2000. Applications of structural equation modeling in psychological research. Annual Review of Psychology, 51: 201-226.
42. Matthiesen, S. B. and Einarsen, S. 2007. Perpetrators and targets of bullying at work: Role stress and individual differences. Violence and Victims, 22(6): 735-753.
43. Neuman, J. H. and Baron, R. A. 2003. "Social antecedents of bullying: A social interactionist perspective". In Bullying and emotional abuse in the workplace: International perspectives in research and practice, Edited by: Einarsen, S., Hoel, H., Zapf, D. and Cooper, C. L. 185-202. London: Taylor & Francis.
44. Nielsen, M. B. and Einarsen, S. 2008. Sampling in research on interpersonal aggression. Aggressive Behavior, 34(3): 265-272.
45. Nielsen, M. B., Skogstad, A., Matthiesen, S. B., Glasø, L., Aasland, M. S.Notelaers, G. 2009. Prevalence of workplace bullying in Norway: Comparisons across time and estimation methods. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 18(1): 81-101.
46. Notelaers, G., De Witte, H. and Einarsen, S. 2010. A job characteristics approach to explain workplace bullying. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 19: 487-504.
47. Notelaers, G. and Einarsen, S. The construction and validity of the Short-Negative Acts Questionnaire. Paper presented at the 6th international conference on Workplace Bullying. Montréal.
48. Örtqvist, D. and Wincent, J. 2006. Prominent consequences of role stress: A meta-analytic review. International Journal of Stress Management, 13(4): 399-422.
49. Rizzo, J. R., House, R. J. and Lirtzman, S. I. 1970. Role conflict and ambiguity in complex organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 15(2): 150-163.
50. Spector, P. E. and Fox, S. 2005. "The stressor-emotion model of counterproductive work behavior". In Counterproductive behavior: Investigations of actors and targets, Edited by: Fox, S. and Spector, P. E. 151-174. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
51. Steiger, J. H. 1990. Structural model evaluation and modification: An interval estimation approach. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 25(2): 173-180.
52. Tedeschi, J. T. and Felson, R. B. 1994. Violence, aggression and coercive actions, Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
53. Thylefors, I. 1987. Syndabockar. Om utstötning och mobbning i arbetslivet [Scapegoats: About expulsion and bullying in working life], Stockholm: Natur och Kultur.
54. Vartia, M. 2001. Consequences of workplace bullying with respect to the well-being of its targets and the observers of bullying. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health, 27(1): 63-69.
55. Zapf, D. 1999. Organisational, work group related and personal causes of mobbing/bullying at work. International Journal of Manpower, 20(1/2): 70-85.
56. Zapf, D., Dormann, C. and Frese, M. 1996. Longitudinal studies in organizational stress research: A review of the literature with reference to methodological issues. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 1(2): 145-169.
57. Zapf, D. and Gross, C. 2001. Conflict escalation and coping with workplace bullying: A replication and extension. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 10(4): 497-522.