Perpetrators and targets of bullying at work: Role stress and individual differences

Violence and Victims

Volumn 22, Issue 6, 2007, Pages 735-753

  Matthiesen, Stig Berge ^a   Einarsen, Ståle ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN   (Norway)

Author keywords

Bullies; Bullying at work; Harassment at work; Personality; Provocative victims; Workplace aggression

Indexed keywords

AGGRESSION; ARTICLE; BULLYING; CONFLICT; DAILY LIFE ACTIVITY; HEALTH SURVEY; HUMAN; JOB STRESS; OFFENDER; ROLE STRESS; SELF ESTEEM; SOCIAL COMPETENCE; TASK PERFORMANCE; VICTIM; WORKPLACE;

EID: 37349057401     PISSN: 08866708     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1891/088667007782793174     Document Type: Article

References (80)

1. Adams, A. (1992). Bullying at work - How to confront and overcome it. London: Virago.
2. Alsaker, F. D., & Olweus, D. (1986). Assessment of global negative self-evaluations and perceived stability of self in Norwegian pre-adolescents and adolescents. Journal of Early Adolescence, 6, 269-278.
3. Ashforth, B. (1994). Petty tyranny in organizations. Human Relations, 47, 755-778.
4. Baumeister, R. F., Smart, L., & Boden, J. M. (1996). Relation of threatened egotism to violence and aggression: The dark side of high self esteem. Psychological Review, 103, 5-33.
5. Beck, A., Rush, A., Shaw, B., & Emery, G. (1979). Cognitive theory of depression. New York: Guilford Press.
6. Bing, S. (1992). Crazy bosses: Spotting them, serving them, surviving them. New York: William Marrow.
7. Brockner, J. (1988). Self-esteem at work. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
8. Brodsky, C. M. (1976). The harassed worker. Toronto: Lexington Books.
9. Buss, A. H., & Perry, M. (1992). The aggression questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63, 452-459.
10. Carney, A. G., & Merrell, K. W. (2001). Bullying in schools: Perspectives on understanding and preventing an international problem. School Psychology International, 22(3), 364-382.
11. Colbert, A. E., Mount, M. K., Harter, J. K., Witt, L. A., & Barrick, M. R. (2004). Interactive effects of personality and perception of the work situation on workplace deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(4), 599-609.
12. Coyne, I., Chong, P. S.-L., Seigne, E., & Randall, P. (2003). Self and peer nominations of bullying: An analysis of incident rates, individual differences, and perceptions of the working environment. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 12(3), 209-228.
13. Crowne, D., & Marlowe, D. (1964). The approval motive: Studies in evaluative dependence. New York: John Wiley.
14. De Roche, C. P. (1994). On the edge of regionalization: Management style and the construction of conflict in organizational change. Human Organization, 53(3), 209-219.
15. Einarsen, S. (2000). Harassment and bullying at work: A review of the Scandinavian approach. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 4(5), 379-401.
16. Einarsen, S., Hoel, H., Zapf, D., & Cooper, C. L. (2003). The concept of bullying at work: The European tradition. In S. Einarsen, H. Hoel, D. Zapf, & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), Bullying and emotional abuse in the workplace (pp. 3-30). London: Taylor & Francis.
17. Einarsen, S., & Raknes, B. I. (1997). Harassment in the workplace and the victimization of men. Violence and Victims, 12, 247-263.
18. Einarsen, S., Raknes, B. I., & Matthiesen, S. B. (1994). Bullying and harassment at work and their relationships to work environment quality - An exploratory study. European Work and Organizational Psychologist, 4(4), 381-401.
19. Einarsen, S., Raknes, B. I., Matthiesen, S. B., & Hellesøy, O. H. (1994). Mobbing og harde personkonflikter. Helsefarlig samspill på arbeidsplassen [Bullying and tough interpersonal conflicts. Health injurious interaction at the workplace]. Bergen: Sigma Forlag.
20. Einarsen, S., & Skogstad, A. (1996). Bullying at work: Epidemiological findings in public and private organizations. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5(2), 185-201.
21. Eisenberg, N. (1986). Altruistic emotion, cognition and behavior. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
22. Forsyth, D. R. (2006). Group dynamics (4th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.
23. Frey, K. S., Hirschstein, M. K., & Guzzo, B. A. (2000). Second step: Preventing aggression by promoting social competence. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 8(2), 102-112.
24. Glasl, F. (1980). Konfliktmanagement: Diagnose und Behandlung von Konflikten in Organizationen. Bern: Haupt.
25. Glasø, L., Matthiesen, S. B., Nielsen, M. B., & Einarsen, S. (in press). Do targets of workplace bullying portray a general victim personality profile? Scandinavian Journal of Psychology.
26. Gomez, L. (2005). The Freud wars: An introduction to the philosophy of psychoanalysis. London: Routledge.
27. Griffin, R. S., & Gross, A. M. (2004). Childhood bullying: Current empirical findings and future directions for research. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 9, 379-400.
28. Hoel, H., & Cooper, C. L. (2000). Destructive conflict and bullying at work. Manchester, UK: Manchester School of Management.
29. Hoel, H., & Salin, D. (2003). Organizational antecedents of workplace bullying. In S. Einarsen, H. Hoel, D. Zapf, & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), Bullying and emotional abuse in the workplace (pp. 203-218). London: Taylor & Francis.
30. Hudson, S. M., & Ward, T. (2000). Interpersonal competency in sex offenders. Behavior Modification, 24(4), 494-527.
31. Kaukainen, A., Salmivalli, C., Lagerspetz, K., Tamminen, M., Vaura, M., Maki, H., et al. (2002). Learning difficulties, social intelligence, and self-concept: Connections to bully-victim problems. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 43, 269-278.
32. Keashly, L., Hunter, S., & Harvey, S. (1997). Abusive interaction and role state stressors: Relative impact on student residence assistant stress and work attitudes. Work and Stress, 11, 175-185.
33. Keashly, L., & Jagatic, K. (2003). By another name: American perspectives on workplace bullying. In S. Einarsen, H. Hoel, D. Zapf, & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), Bullying and emotional abuse in the workplace (pp. 31-61). London: Taylor & Francis.
34. Kernis, M. H., Cornell, D. P., Sun, C. R., Berry, A., & Harlow, T. (1993). There is more to self-esteem than whether it is high or low: The importance of stability of self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 1190-1204.
35. Kile, S. (1990). Helsefarlige ledere og medarbeidere [Health dangerous leaders and their co-workers]. Oslo: Hjemmets bokforlag.
36. Lagerspetz, K. M., Björkquist, K., Berts, M., & King, E. (1982). Group aggression among school children in three schools. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 23, 45-52.
37. Levinson, H. (1978). The abrasive personality. Harvard Business Review, 56, 86-94.
38. Leymann, H. (1987). Mobbing i arbeidslivet [Bullying in working life]. Oslo: Friundervisningens forlag.
39. Leymann, H. (1990). Mobbing and psychological terror at workplaces. Violence and Victims, 5(2), 119-126.
40. Leymann, H. (1992). Psykiatriska halsoproblem i samband med vuxenmobbning. En rikstackende undersøkning med 2428 intervjuer [Psychiatric problems after mobbing - a study of 2428 individuals] (Report no. 3). Stockholm: Arbetarskyddsstyrelsen.
41. Leymann, H. (1996). The content and development of bullying at work. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 51, 165-184.
42. Leymann, H., & Gustavson, A. (1996). Mobbing at work and the development of post-traumatic stress disorders. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5(2), 251-275.
43. Lorber, R., Felton, D. K., & Reid, J. B. (1984). A social learning approach to the reduction of coercive process in child abuse families: A molecular analysis. Advances in Behavior Research and Therapy, 6, 29-45.
44. Matthiesen, S. B., Aasen, E., Holst, G., Wie, K., & Einarsen, S. (2003). The escalation of conflict: A case study of bullying at work. International Journal of Management and Decision Making, 4(1), 96-112.
45. Matthiesen, S. B., & Einarsen, S. (2001). MMPI-2 configurations after persistent bullying at work. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 10(4), 467-484.
46. Matthiesen, S. B., & Einarsen, S. (2004). Psychiatric distress and symptoms of PTSD after bullying at work. British Journal of Guidance and Counseling, 32(3), 335-356.
47. Matthiesen, S. B., Raknes, B. I., & Rokkum, O. (1989). Mobbing pa arbeidsplassen [Bullying at the worksite]. Journal of the Norwegian Psychological Association, 26(11), 761-774.
48. McCrae, R. R., & John, O. P. (1992). An introduction to the Five-Factor model and its applications. Journal of Personality, 60(2), 175-215.
49. Mikkelsen, E. G., & Einarsen, S. (2001). Bullying in Danish work-life: Prevalence and health correlates. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 10(4), 393-413.
50. Mikkelsen, E. G., & Einarsen, S. (2002a). Basic assumptions and post-traumatic stress among victims of workplace bullying. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 11(1), 87-111.
51. Mikkelsen, E. G., & Einarsen, S. (2002b). Relationships between exposure to bullying at work and psychological and psychosomatic health complaints: The role of state negative affectivity and generalized self-efficacy. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 43(5), 397-405.
52. Neuberger, O. (1989). Mikropolitik als Gegenstand der Personalentwicklung [Micropolitics as object of personnel development]. Zeitschrift fiter Arbeits und Organisationspsychologie, 33(1), 40-46.
53. Niedl, K. (1995). Mobbing/bullying am Arbeitsplatz. Munchen: Rainer Hampp Verlag.
54. Niedl, K. (1996). Mobbing and well-being: Economic and personnel development implications. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5, 203-214.
55. Nielsen, M. B., Matthiesen, S. B., & Einarsen, S. (2005). Ledelse og personkonflikter: Symtomer på postraumatisk stress blant ofre for mobbing fra ledere [Leadership and bullying. Posttraumatic symptoms among victims after bullying by their leaders]. Nordisk Psykologi, 57(4), 391-415.
56. Nunnally, J. O. (1978). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
57. O'Moore, M., & Kirkham, C. (2001). Self-esteem and its relationship to bullying behaviour. Aggressive Behavior, 27, 269-283.
58. Olweus, D. (1978). Aggression in the schools: Bullies and whipping boys. Washington, DC: Hemisphere, Wiley.
59. Olweus, D. (1987). Bully/victim problems among schoolchildren in Scandinavia. In J. P. Mykebust & R. Ommundsen (Eds.), Psykologprofesjonen mot år 2000 [The psychological profession towards year 2000] (pp. 395-413). Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.
60. Olweus, D. (1991). Bully/victim problems among schoolchildren: Basic facts and effects of a school based intervention program. In K. Rubin & D. Pepler (Eds.), The development and treatment of childhood aggression (pp. 411-448). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
61. Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school. What we know and what we can do. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
62. Olweus, D. (1994). Bullying at school: Basic fact and effect of a school based intervention program. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 35, 1171-1190.
63. Olweus, D. (2003). Bully/victim problems in school. Basic facts and an effective intervention programme. In S. Einarsen, H. Hoel, D. Zapf, & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), Bullying and emotional abuse in the workplace (pp. 62-78). London: Taylor & Francis.
64. Palmer, E. J., & Thakordas, V. (2005). Relationship between bullying and scores on the Buss-Perry aggression questionnaire among imprisoned male offenders. Aggressive Behavior, 31, 55-66.
65. Pulkkinen, L., & Tremblay, R. E. (1992). Pattern of boys' social adjustment in two cultures and at different ages: A longitudinal perspective. International Journal of Behaviour Development, 15, 527-553.
66. Rayner, C., & Cooper, C. L. (2003). The black hole in "bullying at work research." International Journal of Management and Decision Making, 4(1), 47-64.
67. Rigby, K., & Slee, P. T. (1993). Dimensions of interpersonal relation among Australian children and implications for psychological well-being. Journal of Social Psychology, 133(1), 33-42.
68. Rizzo, J. R., House, R. J., & Lirzman, S. I. (1970). Role conflict and ambiguity in complex organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 15, 150-163.
69. Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
70. Salin, D. (2001). Prevalence and forms of bullying among business professionals: A comparison of two different strategies for measuring bullying. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 10(4), 425-441.
71. Salin, D. (2003). Ways of explaining workplace bullying: A review of enabling, motivating and precipitating structures and processes in the work environment. Human Relations, 56(10), 1213-1232.
72. Sheehan, M. (1999). Workplace bullying: Responding with some emotional intelligence. International Journal of Manpower, 20(1-2), 57-69.
73. Smith, P. K., Singer, M., Hoel, H., & Cooper, C. L. (2003). Victimization in the school and the workplace: Are there any links? British Journal of Psychology, 94, 175-188.
74. Taylor, S. E. (1989). Positive illusions: Creative self-deception and the healthy mind. New York: Basic Books.
75. Taylor, S. E., & Brown, J. D. (1988). Illusion and well-being: A social psychological perspective on mental health. Psychological Bulletin, 103, 193-210.
76. van Sell, M., Brief, A. P., & Schuler, R. S. (1981). Role conflict and role ambiguity: Integration of the literature and directions for future research. Human Relations, 34, 43-71.
77. Vartia, M. (1996). The sources of bullying - Psychological work environment and organizational climate. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5, 203-205.
78. Zapf, D. (1999). Organisational, work group related and personal causes of mobbing/bullying at work. International Journal of Manpower, 20(1/2), 70-85.
79. Zapf, D., & Einarsen, S. (2003). Individual antecedents of bullying. In S. Einarsen, H. Hoel, D. Zapf, & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), Bullying and emotional abuse in the workplace (pp. 165-184). London: Taylor & Francis.
80. Zapf, D., Einarsen, S., Hoel, H., & Vartia, M. (2003). Empirical findings on bullying in the workplace. In S. Einarsen, H. Hoel, D. Zapf, & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), Bullying and emotional abuse in the workplace (pp. 103-126). London: Taylor & Francis.