New frontier in hypericin-mediated diagnosis of cancer with current optical technologies

Annals of Biomedical Engineering

Volumn 40, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 460-473

  Olivo, Malini ^a,b,c,d   Fu, Chit Yaw ^a   Raghavan, Vijaya ^a   Lau, Weber Kam On ^e  

^a NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND   (Ireland)

^b AGENCY FOR SCIENCE   (Singapore)

^c NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE   (Singapore)

^d DIVISION OF MEDICAL ONCOLOGY   (Singapore)

^e SINGAPORE GENERAL HOSPITAL   (Singapore)

Author keywords

Endomicroscopy; Endoscopy; Fluorescence; Gold nanoparticle; Hypericin; Photodynamic diagnosis; Photothermal therapy; Urine cytology

Indexed keywords

ENDOMICROSCOPY; GOLD NANOPARTICLE; HYPERICINS; PHOTO DYNAMIC DIAGNOSIS; PHOTOTHERMAL THERAPY; URINE CYTOLOGY;

BODY FLUIDS; CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY; CYTOLOGY; DISEASES; ENDOSCOPY; FLUORESCENCE; HYPERTHERMIA THERAPY; IMAGE PROCESSING; METAL NANOPARTICLES; OPTICAL DATA PROCESSING; OPTICAL TOMOGRAPHY; PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY; PHOTONICS;

PHOTOSENSITIZERS;

DIAGNOSTIC AGENT; DRUG DERIVATIVE; HYPERICIN; PERYLENE; PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENT;

DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; FLUORESCENCE; HUMAN; METHODOLOGY; NEOPLASM; PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY; REVIEW;

DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; FLUORESCENCE; HUMANS; NEOPLASMS; PERYLENE; PHOTOCHEMOTHERAPY; PHOTOSENSITIZING AGENTS;

EID: 84858799549     PISSN: 00906964     EISSN: 15739686     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10439-011-0462-7     Document Type: Article

References (113)

1. K Aljasem A Werber A Seifert H Zappe 2008 Fiber optic tunable probe for endoscopic optical coherence tomography J. Opt. A Pure Appl. Opt. 10 044012
2. D Bechet P Couleaud C Frochot M Viriot F Guillemin M Barberi-Heyob 2008 Nanoparticles as vehicles for delivery of photodynamic therapy agents Trends Biotechnol. 26 11 612 621 18804298 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXht12lsLjO
3. D Benaron 2002 The future of cancer imaging Cancer Metastasis Rev. 21 1 45 78 12400996 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XmvVKiuro%3D (Pubitemid 35205193)
4. J Benavides S Chang S Park R Richards-Kortum N Mackinnon C Macaulay A Milbourne A Malpica M Follen 2003 Multispectral digital colposcopy for in vivo detection of cervical cancer Opt. Express 11 10 1223 1236 19465988
5. S Boppart B Bouma C Pitris J Southern M Brezinski J Fujimoto 1998 In vivo cellular optical coherence tomography imaging Nat. Med. 4 7 861 865 9662382 1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXktlKqs7o%3D (Pubitemid 28331032)
6. A Castano T Demidova M Hamblin 2004 Mechanisms in photodynamic therapy: part one? Photosensitizers, photochemistry and cellular localization Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther. 1 4 279 293 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXks1Wls7s%3D (Pubitemid 40460316)
7. DK Chatterjee LS Fong Y Zhang 2008 Nanoparticles in photodynamic therapy: an emerging paradigm Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 60 15 1627 1637 18930086 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhsVSjsL%2FI
8. J Chen F Saeki B Wiley H Cang M Cobb Z Li L Au H Zhang M Kimmey X Li Y Xia 2005 Gold nanocages: bioconjugation and their potential use as optical imaging contrast agents Nano Lett. 5 3 473 477 15755097 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2MXhtVKltbc%3D (Pubitemid 40449718)
9. C Cheng W Lau P Tan M Olivo 2000 Cystoscopic diagnosis of bladder cancer by intravesical instillation of 5-aminolevulinic acid induced porphyrin fluorescence-the singapore experience Ann. Acad. Med. Singap. 29 2 153 158 10895330 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M%2Fjt1Gjtw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 30434428)
10. LS Cheong F Lin HS Seah K Qian F Zhao PSP Thong KC Soo M Olivo SY Kung 2009 Embedded computing for fluorescence confocal endomicroscopy imaging (1) J. Signal Process. Syst. 55 1-3 217 228
11. M D'Hallewin L Bezdetnaya F Guillemin 2002 Fluorescence detection of bladder cancer: a review Eur. Urol. 42 5 417 425 12429148 (Pubitemid 35396724)
12. M D'Hallewin P de Witte E Waelkens W Merlevede L Baert 2000 Fluorescence detection of flat bladder carcinoma in situ after intravesical instillation of hypericin J. Urol. 164 2 349 351 10893582 (Pubitemid 30481922)
13. M D'Hallewin K El Khatib A Leroux L Bezdetnaya F Guillemin 2005 Endoscopic confocal fluorescence microscopy of normal and tumor bearing rat bladder J. Urol. 174 2 736 740 16006967 (Pubitemid 40981646)
14. M D'Hallewin A Kamuhabwa T Roskams P De Witte L Baert 2002 Hypericin-based fluorescence diagnosis of bladder carcinoma BJU Int. 89 7 760 11966641
15. SM Dets AN Buryi IS Melnik AY Joffe TV Rusina 1996 Laser-induced fluorescence detection of stomach cancer using hypericin SPIE Proc. 2926 51 56
16. D Dolmans RD Fukumura 2003 Photodynamic therapy for cancer Nat. Rev. Cancer 3 5 380 12724736 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXjtlals74%3D
17. B Flusberg E Cocker W Piyawattanametha J Jung E Cheung M Schnitzer 2005 Fiber-optic fluorescence imaging Nat. Methods 2 12 941 950 16299479 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXht1aksrrM (Pubitemid 43108730)
18. C Fu B Ng S Razul 2007 Fluorescence detection of bladder cancer using urine cytology Int. J. Oncol. 31 3 525 530 17671678
19. JG Fujimoto C Pitris SA Boppart ME Brezinski 2000 Optical coherence tomography an emerging technology for biomedical imaging and optical biopsy Neoplasia 2 1-2 9 25 10933065 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvhvFKqtQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 30123177)
20. M Goetz R Kiesslich 2010 Advances of endomicroscopy for gastrointestinal physiology and diseases Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 298 6 G797 G806 20185688 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXnvFamtro%3D
21. AO Govorov H Richardson 2007 Generating heat with metal nanoparticles NanoToday 2 1 20 39
22. J Griffin A Singh D Senapati P Rhodes K Mitchell B Robinson E Yu P Ray 2009 Size- and distance-dependent nanoparticle surface-energy transfer (NSET) method for selective sensing of hepatitis c virus RNA Chemistry 15 2 342 351 19035615 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXpsVClsg%3D%3D
23. BR Haxel M Goetz R Kiesslich J Gosepath 2010 Confocal endomicroscopy: a novel application for imaging of oral and oropharyngeal mucosa in human Eur. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 267 3 443 448 19590883
24. CL Haynes AD McFarland RPV Duyne 2005 Surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy Anal. Chem. 77 17 338A 346A 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXps1yjtbw%3D
25. X Huang P Jain I El-Sayed M El-Sayed 2007 Gold nanoparticles: interesting optical properties and recent applications in cancer diagnostics and therapy Nanomedicine (Lond.) 2 5 681 693 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXht1CnsrrN (Pubitemid 350268247)
26. X Huang S Neretina MA El-Sayed 2009 Gold nanorods: from synthesis and properties to biological and biomedical applications Adv. Mater. 21 48 4880 4910 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhs1WltL3F
27. D Huang E Swanson C Lin J Schuman W Stinson W Chang M Hee T Flotte K Gregory C Puliafito J Fujimoto 1991 Optical coherence tomography Science 254 5035 1178 1181 1957169 1:STN:280:DyaK38%2Fms12lsA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 21917444)
28. Z Huang SK Teh W Zheng J Mo K Lin X Shao KY Ho M Teh KG Yeoh 2009 Integrated Raman spectroscopy and trimodal wide-field imaging techniques for real-time in vivo tissue raman measurements at endoscopy Opt. Lett. 34 6 758 760 19282923
29. D Hurlstone W Baraza S Brown M Thomson N Tiffin S Cross 2008 In vivo real-time confocal laser scanning endomicroscopic colonoscopy for the detection and characterization of colorectal neoplasia Br. J. Surg. 95 5 636 645 18324640 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1c3ksFGnug%3D%3D
30. A Huygens A Kamuhabwa T Roskams C Van P Van W de Witte 2005 Permeation of hypericin in spheroids composed of different grade transitional cell carcinoma cell lines and normal human urothelial cells J. Urol. 174 1 69 72 15947580 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXkvFSqtLg%3D (Pubitemid 40825674)
31. B Jang JY Park CH Tung IH Kim Y Choi 2011 Gold nanorod-photosensitizer complex for near-infrared fluorescence imaging and photodynamic/photothermal therapy in vivo ACS Nano 5 2 1086 1094 21244012 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXmslGqsA%3D%3D
32. S Jelveh DB Chithrani 2011 Gold nanostructures as a platform for combinational therapy in future cancer therapeutics Cancers 3 1 1081 1110 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXktVWitbg%3D
33. P Jichlinski D Jacqmin 2008 Photodynamic diagnosis in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer Eur. Urol. Suppl. 7 7 529 535 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXotVShsbw%3D
34. D Jocham H Stepp R Waidelich 2008 Photodynamic diagnosis in urology: state-of-the-art (1) Eur. Urol. 53 6 1138 1150 18096307 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD1cXotlCqtL4%3D
35. LB Josefsen RW Boyle 2008 Photodynamic therapy novel third-generation photosensitizers one step closer Br. J. Pharmacol. 154 1 1 3 18362894 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXltFOqtrw%3D (Pubitemid 351620413)
36. W Jung D McCormick J Zhang L Wang N Tien Z Chen 2006 Three-dimensional endoscopic optical coherence tomography by use of a two-axis microelectromechanical scanning mirror Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 163901
37. A Juzeniene Q Peng J Moan 2007 Milestones in the development of photodynamic therapy and fluorescence diagnosis Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 6 12 1234 1245 18046478 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXhtlKrt7jN (Pubitemid 350191101)
38. J Kah T Chow B Ng S Razul M Olivo C Sheppard 2009 Concentration dependence of gold nanoshells on the enhancement of optical coherence tomography images: a quantitative study Appl. Opt. 48 10 D96 D108 19340129 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXlvVagtrg%3D
39. JCY Kah WKO Lau PH Tan CJR Sheppard M Olivo 2008 Endoscopic image analysis of photosensitizer fluorescence as a promising noninvasive approach for pathological grading of bladder cancer in situ J. Biomed. Opt. 13 5 054022 19021402
40. J Kah M Olivo T Chow K Song K Koh S Mhaisalkar C Sheppard 2009 Control of optical contrast using gold nanoshells for optical coherence tomography imaging of mouse xenograft tumor model in vivo J. Biomed. Opt. 14 5 054015 19895117
41. JCY Kah RCY Wan KY Wong S Mhaisalkar CJR Sheppard M Olivo 2008 Combinatorial treatment of photothermal therapy using gold nanoshells with conventional photodynamic therapy to improve treatment efficacy: an in vitro study Lasers Surg. Med. 40 8 584 589 18798290
42. A Kamuhabwa R Roelandts W de Witte 1999 Skin photosensitization with topical hypericin in hairless mice J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 53 1-3 110 114 10672536 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXhtlCisLg%3D (Pubitemid 30047593)
43. A Kamuhabwa T Roskams L Baert W De 2003 Microscopic quantification of hypercin fluorescence in an orthotopic rat bladder tumor model after intravesical instillation Int. J. Oncol. 22 4 933 937 12632090
44. I Kausch M Sommerauer F Montorsi A Stenzl D Jacqmin P Jichlinski D Jocham A Ziegler R Vonthein 2010 Photodynamic diagnosis in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review and cumulative analysis of prospective studies Eur. Urol. 57 4 595 606 20004052
45. J Kennedy R Pottier D Pross 1990 Photodynamic therapy with endogenous protoporphyrin IX: basic principles and present clinical experience J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 6 1-2 143 148 2121931 1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXkvFCjtLg%3D
46. R Kiesslich M Canto 2009 Confocal laser endomicroscopy Gastrointest. Endosc. Clin. N. Am. 19 2 261 272 19423023
47. K Kim B Park G Maguluri T Lee F Rogomentich M Bancu B Bouma B de Boer J Bernstein 2007 Two-axis magnetically-driven MEMS scanning catheter for endoscopic high-speed optical coherence tomography Opt. Express 15 26 18130 18140 19551111
48. CS Kim P Wilder-Smith YC Ahn LHL Liaw Z Chen YJ Kwon 2009 Enhanced detection of early-stage oral cancer in vivo by optical coherence tomography using multimodal delivery of gold nanoparticles J. Biomed. Opt. 14 3 034008 19566301
49. F Koenig F McGovern A Althausen T Deutsch K Schomacker 1996 Laser induced autofluorescence diagnosis of bladder cancer J. Urol. 156 5 1597 1601 8863546 1:STN:280:DyaK2s%2Fhs12gsQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 26343999)
50. Y Konan R Gurny E Allmann 2002 State of the art in the delivery of photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 66 2 89 11897509 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XhvVChtL8%3D
51. M Kraft CS Betz A Leunig C Arens 2011 Value of fluorescence endoscopy for the early diagnosis of laryngeal cancer and its precursor lesions Head Neck 33 7 941 948 21674669
52. A Kubin F Wierrani U Burner G Alth W Grunberger 2005 Hypericin-the facts about a controversial agent Curr. Pharm. Des. 11 2 233 15638760 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhvFGquw%3D%3D
53. WS Kuo CN Chang YT Chang MH Yang YH Chien SJ Chen CS Yeh 2011 Near-infrared Au nanorods in photodynamic therapy, hyperthermia agents, and near-infrared optical imaging Proc. SPIE. 7910 791009
54. G Lajos D Jancura P Miskovsky JV Garca-Ramos S Sanchez-Cortes 2008 Surface-enhanced fluorescence and raman scattering study of antitumoral drug hypericin: an effect of aggregation and self-spacing depending on pH J. Phys. Chem. C 112 33 12974 12980 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXpt1Sntrw%3D
55. C Loo A Lin L Hirsch M Lee J Barton N Halas J West R Drezek 2004 Nanoshell-enabled photonics-based imaging and therapy of cancer Technol. Cancer Res. Treat. 3 1 33 40 14750891 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXitlymsbc%3D (Pubitemid 38250466)
56. T Mang J Kost M Sullivan B Wilson 2006 Autofluorescence and photofrin-induced fluorescence imaging and spectroscopy in an animal model of oral cancer Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther. 3 3 168 176 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtVeqtbjO (Pubitemid 44143043)
57. E Matheny N Hanna W Jung Z Chen P Wilder-Smith R Mina-Araghi M Brenner 2004 Optical coherence tomography of malignancy in hamster cheek pouches J. Biomed. Opt. 9 5 978 981 15447019 (Pubitemid 41268680)
58. I Melnik S Dets T Rusina N Denisov E Braun V Kikot V Chernyj 1996 Accumulation of hypericin in human gastric tumors SPIE Proc. 2675 67 1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xkt1Ogtrg%3D
59. Mycek, M. A., and B. W. Pogue. Handbook of Biomedical Fluorescence. New York: Marcel Dekker, 665 pp, 2003.
60. T O'Brien K Thomas 2010 Bladder cancer: photodynamic diagnosis can improve surgical outcome Nat. Rev. Urol. 7 11 598 21068759
61. D O'Neal LR Hirsch NJ Halas J Payne JL West 2004 Photo-thermal tumor ablation in mice using near infrared-absorbing nanoparticles Cancer Lett. 209 2 171 176 15159019 (Pubitemid 38670486)
62. M Olivo R Bhuvaneswari I Keogh 2011 Advances in bio-optical imaging for the diagnosis of early oral cancer Pharmaceutics 3 3 354 378
63. M Olivo R Bhuvaneswari SS Lucky N Dendukuri P Soo-Ping Thong 2010 Targeted therapy of cancer using photodynamic therapy in combination with multi-faceted anti-tumor modalities Pharmaceuticals 3 5 1507 1529
64. M Olivo H Du B Bay 2006 Hypericin lights up the way for the potential treatment of nasopharyngeal cancer by photodynamic therapy Curr. Clin. Pharmacol. 1 3 217 222 18666746 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XpvFOnsL0%3D
65. M Olivo W Lau V Manivasager R Bhuvaneswari Z Wei KC Soo C Cheng PH Tan 2003 Novel photodynamic diagnosis of bladder cancer: ex vivo fluorescence cytology using hypericin Int. J. Oncol. 23 6 1501 1504 14612919
66. M Olivo W Lau V Manivasager PH Tan KC Soo C Cheng 2003 Macro-microscopic fluorescence of human bladder cancer using hypericin fluorescence cystoscopy and laser confocal microscopy Int. J. Oncol. 23 4 983 990 12963977
67. M Olivo SS Lucky R Bhuvaneswari N Dendukuri 2011 Nano-sensitizers for multi-modality optical diagnostic imaging and therapy of cancer SPIE Proc. 8087 8087T
68. Olivo, M., S. S. Lucky, J. F. Kent Mancer, and W. K. O. Lau. Altered expression of cell adhesion molecules leads to differential uptake of hypericin in urothelial cancer. Urol. Oncol., 2010.
69. M Pierce D Javier RR Kortum 2008 Optical contrast agents and imaging systems for detection and diagnosis of cancer Int. J. Cancer 123 9 1979 1990 18712733 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXht1Chs7zK
70. C Poh L Zhang D Anderson J Durham P Williams R Priddy K Berean S Ng O Tseng C MacAulay M Rosin 2006 Fluorescence visualization detection of field alterations in tumor margins of oral cancer patients Clin. Cancer Res. 12 22 6716 6722 17121891 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xht1elsL%2FE (Pubitemid 44876840)
71. A Polglase W McLaren P Delaney 2006 Pentax confocal endomicroscope: a novel imaging device for in vivo histology of the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract Expert Rev. Med. Devices 3 5 549 556 17064240 (Pubitemid 44650444)
72. P Rai S Mallidi X Zheng R Rahmanzadeh Y Mir S Elrington A Khurshid T Hasan 2010 Development and applications of photo-triggered theranostic agents Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 62 11 1094 1124 20858520 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhsVGitb7L
73. B Ramaswamy V Manivasager W Chin K Soo M Olivo 2005 Photodynamic diagnosis of a human nasopharyngeal carcinoma xenograft model using the novel chlorin e6 photosensitizer fotolon Int. J. Oncol. 26 6 1501 1506 15870862 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXkvFyrtL0%3D
74. M Roelants B Van Cleynenbreugel E Lerut H Van Poppel PAM de Witte 2011 Human serum albumin as key mediator of the differential accumulation of hypericin in normal urothelial cell spheroids versus urothelial cell carcinoma spheroids Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 10 1 151 159 21103512 1:CAS:528: DC%2BC3cXhs1WjtLbM
75. CLL Saw PWS Heng M Olivo 2008 Potentiation of the photodynamic action of hypericin J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol. 27 1 23 33 18551893 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXmtFOrt7s%3D (Pubitemid 351507420)
76. C Saw M Olivo W Chin K Soo P Heng 2007 Superiority of n-methyl pyrrolidone over albumin with hypericin for fluorescence diagnosis of human bladder cancer cells implanted in the chick chorioallantoic membrane model J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 86 3 207 218 17134910 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXht1Ors7s%3D (Pubitemid 46158684)
77. CLL Saw M Olivo KC Soo PWS Heng 2006 Spectroscopic characterization and photobleaching kinetics of hypericin-n-methyl pyrrolidone formulations Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 5 11 1018 17077897 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtFKisbbI
78. CLL Saw M Olivo KC Soo PWS Heng 2006 Delivery of hypericin for photodynamic applications Cancer Lett. 241 1 23 30 16303248 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD28XhtVCjtL7N
79. G Schneider G Decher N Nerambourg R Praho M Werts M Blanchard-Desce 2006 Distance-dependent fluorescence quenching on gold nanoparticles ensheathed with layer-by-layer assembled polyelectrolytes Nano Lett. 6 3 530 536 16522057 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XnsFClsg%3D%3D
80. A Sharwani W Jerjes V Salih A MacRobert M El-Maaytah H Khalil C Hopper 2006 Fluorescence spectroscopy combined with 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX fluorescence in detecting oral premalignancy J. Photochem. Photobiol. B 83 1 27 33 16406802 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xit1Cms7w%3D (Pubitemid 43372639)
81. HG Sim WK Lau M Olivo PH Tan CW Cheng 2005 Is photodynamic diagnosis using hypericin better than white-light cystoscopy for detecting superficial bladder carcinoma? BJU Int. 95 9 1215 1218 15892804 (Pubitemid 40799433)
82. M Solomon K Guo G Sudlow M Berezin W Edwards S Achilefu W Akers 2011 Detection of enzyme activity in orthotopic murine breast cancer by fluorescence lifetime imaging using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based molecular probe J. Biomed. Opt. 16 6 066019 21721820
83. G Sonn S Jones T Tarin C Du K Mach K Jensen J Liao 2009 Optical biopsy of human bladder neoplasia with in vivo confocal laser endomicroscopy J. Urol. 182 4 1299 1305 19683270
84. T Stuchinskaya M Moreno MJ Cook DR Edwards DA Russell 2011 Targeted photodynamic therapy of breast cancer cells using antibody-phthalocyanine-gold nanoparticle conjugates Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 10 5 822 21455532 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXltleit7w%3D
85. J Tan M Quinn J Pyman P Delaney W McLaren 2009 Detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in vivo using confocal endomicroscopy BJOG 116 12 1663 1670 19781048 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1MnpsVWhtg%3D%3D
86. S Tauber P Schneede B Liedl F Liesmann D Zaak A Hofstetter 2003 Fluorescence cytology of the urinary bladder Urology 61 5 1067 1071 12736049 (Pubitemid 36547772)
87. T Theodossiou J Hothersall W De Witte A Pantos P Agostinis 2009 The multifaceted photocytotoxic profile of hypericin Mol. Pharm. 6 6 1775 1789 19739671 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhtFOiurvM
88. PSP Thong M Olivo WWL Chin R Bhuvaneswari K Mancer KC Soo 2009 Clinical application of fluorescence endoscopic imaging using hypericin for the diagnosis of human oral cavity lesions Br. J. Cancer 101 9 1580 1584 19809432 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1MjhvFWmuw%3D%3D
89. PSP Thong M Olivo KW Kho W Zheng K Mancer M Harris KC Soo 2007 Laser confocal endomicroscopy as a novel technique for fluorescence diagnostic imaging of the oral cavity J. Biomed. Opt. 12 1 014007 17343482
90. Thong, P. S. P., M. Olivo, F. Lin, H. S. Seah, S. S. Tandjung, K. Qian, W. W. L. Chin, R. Bhuvaneswari, K. Mancer, and K. C. Soo. Detection and diagnosis of human oral cancer using hypericin fluorescence endoscopic imaging interfaced with embedded computing. Proc. SPIE 7380:73806U1-10, 2009.
91. P Thong M Olivo M Movania S Tandjung H Seah F Lin K Qian K Soo 2011 Hypericin fluorescence imaging of oral cancer: from endoscopy to real-time 3-dimensional endomicroscopy J. Med. Imaging Health Inform. 1 1 5
92. T Troutman J Barton M Romanowski 2007 Optical coherence tomography with plasmon resonant nanorods of gold Opt. Lett. 32 11 1438 1440 17546147 (Pubitemid 351292759)
93. J Vandepitte M Roelants C Van K Hettinger E Lerut P Van W de 2011 Biodistribution and photodynamic effects of polyvinylpyrrolidone-hypericin using multicellular spheroids composed of normal human urothelial and T24 transitional cell carcinoma cells J. Biomed. Opt. 16 1 018001 21280926
94. S Vasudevan G Chen M Andika S Agarwal P Chen M Olivo 2010 Dynamic quantitative photothermal monitoring of cell death of individual human red blood cells upon glucose depletion J. Biomed. Opt. 15 5 057001 21054117
95. G von Maltzahn A Centrone JH Park R Ramanathan MJ Sailor TA Hatton SN Bhatia 2009 Sers-coded gold nanorods as a multifunctional platform for densely multiplexed near-infrared imaging and photothermal heating Adv. Mater. 21 31 3175 3180
96. G von Maltzahn JH Park A Agrawal NK Bandaru SK Das MJ Sailor SN Bhatia 2009 Computationally guided photothermal tumor therapy using long-circulating gold nanorod antennas Cancer Res. 69 9 3892 3900
97. J Wynn T Cotton 1995 Spectroscopic properties of hypericin in solution and at surfaces J. Phys. Chem. 99 12 4317 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXktlers7s%3D
98. M Xiaojing S Winston F Hanhua Y Aibin WSC Kelvin F Chit-Yaw O Malini 2002 Mems micromirror integrated endoscopic probe for optical coherence tomography bioimaging EMBO J. 21 22 5955
99. H Xie H Liu P Svenmarker J Axelsson C Xu S Gräfe J Lundeman H Cheng S Svanberg N Bendsoe P Andersen K Svanberg S Andersson-Engels 2011 Drug quantification in turbid media by fluorescence imaging combined with light-absorption correction using white monte carlo simulations J. Biomed. Opt. 16 6 066002 21721803
100. T Yamazaki N Ohta I Yamazaki P Song 1993 Excited-state properties of hypericin: electronic spectra and fluorescence decay kinetics J. Phys. Chem. 97 30 7870 1:CAS:528:DyaK3sXks1Kjs7c%3D
101. Y Yang F Li L Gao Z Wang M Thrall S Shen K Wong S Wong 2011 Differential diagnosis of breast cancer using quantitative, label-free and molecular vibrational imaging Biomed. Opt. Express 2 8 2160 21833355
102. V Yang J Yeow L Lilge J Kost T Mang B Wilson 1999 Noncontact point spectroscopy guided by two-channel fluorescence imaging in a hamster cheek pouch model SPIE Proc. 3595 2
103. J Yao K Maslov Y Zhang Y Xia L Wang 2011 Label-free oxygen-metabolic photoacoustic microscopy in vivo J. Biomed. Opt. 16 7 076003 21806264
104. P Yermak N Gamaleia A Shalamay T Saienko V Kholin 2010 Hyperflav-perspective photosensitizer for PDT: cell studies Exp. Oncol. 32 4 233 236 21270750 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXhvVGgurg%3D
105. KT Yong I Roy MT Swihart PN Prasad 2009 Multifunctional nanoparticles as biocompatible targeted probes for human cancer diagnosis and therapy J. Mater. Chem. 19 27 4655 20305738 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXnvVajur8%3D
106. D Zaak D Frimberger H Stepp S Wagner R Baumgartner P Schneede M Siebels 2001 Quantification of 5-aminolevulinic acid induced fluorescence improves the specificity of bladder cancer detection J. Urol. 166 5 1665 1669 11586198 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MrjvFWgsA%3D%3D
107. D Zaak M Kriegmair H Stepp R Baumgartner R Oberneder P Schneede S Corvin D Frimberger R Knuchel 2001 Endoscopic detection of transitional cell carcinoma with 5-aminolevulinic acid: results of 1012 fluorescence endoscopies Urology 57 4 690 694 11306382 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M3ms1Wqug%3D%3D
108. D Zaak H Stepp R Baumgartner P Schneede R Waidelich D Frimberger A Hartmann R Künchel A Hofstetter A Hohla 2002 Ultraviolet-excited (308 nm) autofluorescence for bladder cancer detection Urology 60 6 1029 1033 12475664 (Pubitemid 35447561)
109. D Zaak W Wieland C Stief M Burger 2008 Routine use of photodynamic diagnosis of bladder cancer: practical and economic issues Eur. Urol. Suppl. 7 7 536 541
110. J Zara S Yazdanfar K Rao J Izatt S Smith 2003 Electrostatic micromachine scanning mirror for optical coherence tomography Opt. Lett. 28 8 628 630 12703922 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3s7osVOhtA%3D%3D
111. M Zeisserlabouebe N Lange R Gurny F Delie 2006 Hypericin-loaded nanoparticles for the photodynamic treatment of ovarian cancer Int. J. Pharm. 326 1-2 174 181 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhtFKhsLrF (Pubitemid 44647750)
112. W Zheng KC Soo R Sivanandan M Olivo 2002 Detection of squamous cell carcinomas and pre-cancerous lesions in the oral cavity by quantification of 5-aminolevulinic acid induced fluorescence endoscopic images Lasers Surg. Med. 31 3 151 157 12224087
113. J Zhu KT Yong I Roy R Hu H Ding L Zhao MT Swihart GS He Y Cui PN Prasad 2010 Additive controlled synthesis of gold nanorods (GNRS) for two-photon luminescence imaging of cancer cells Nanotechnology 21 28 285106 20585168