Peramivir for the treatment of influenza

Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy

Volumn 10, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 123-143

  Shetty, Avinash K ^a   Peek, Leigh A ^a  

^a WAKE FOREST SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

influenza; neuraminidase inhibitor; peramivir

Indexed keywords

OSELTAMIVIR; PERAMIVIR; PLACEBO; ZANAMIVIR;

AGITATION; ANOREXIA; ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY; ANTIVIRAL RESISTANCE; ANXIETY; AREA UNDER THE CURVE; ARTICLE; CONFUSION; CREATININE CLEARANCE; CYSTITIS; DELIRIUM; DEPRESSION; DIARRHEA; DISEASE SEVERITY; DIZZINESS; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG ABSORPTION; DRUG BINDING; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG DOSE COMPARISON; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG ELIMINATION; DRUG EXCRETION; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG STRUCTURE; DRUG TOLERABILITY; GASTROINTESTINAL SYMPTOM; HEADACHE; HEMATURIA; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HOSPITAL PATIENT; HUMAN; HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA; HYPERGLYCEMIA; HYPERTENSION; INFLUENZA; INFLUENZA A; INFLUENZA B; INSOMNIA; KIDNEY FAILURE; MAXIMUM PLASMA CONCENTRATION; NAUSEA; NERVOUSNESS; NEUTROPENIA; NIGHTMARE; NONHUMAN; OUTPATIENT CARE; PHLEBITIS; PROTEINURIA; QT PROLONGATION; RESTLESSNESS; SIDE EFFECT; SINGLE DRUG DOSE; SKIN ANAPHYLAXIS; SOMNOLENCE; STEVENS JOHNSON SYNDROME; TREATMENT CONTRAINDICATION; URTICARIA; VOMITING;

ADULT; ANIMALS; ANTIVIRAL AGENTS; CHILD; CLINICAL TRIALS, PHASE III AS TOPIC; CYCLOPENTANES; DRUG ADMINISTRATION ROUTES; DRUG ADMINISTRATION SCHEDULE; DRUG DESIGN; DRUG DOSAGE CALCULATIONS; FEMALE; FERRETS; GUANIDINES; HUMANS; INFANT; INFLUENZA A VIRUS, H1N1 SUBTYPE; INFLUENZA, HUMAN; MALE; MICE; MIDDLE AGED; MOLECULAR STRUCTURE; NEURAMINIDASE; VIRAL PROTEINS;

EID: 84857509236     PISSN: 14787210     EISSN: 17448336     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1586/eri.11.174     Document Type: Article

References (135)

1. Ruuskanen O, Lahti E, Jennings LC, Murdoch DR. Viral pneumonias. Lancet 377(9773), 1264-1275 (2011).
2. Fiore AE, Uyeki TM, Broder K et al. Prevention and control of influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2010. MMWR 59, 1-62 (2010).
3. Girard MP, Cherian T, Pervikov Y, Kieny MP. A review of vaccine research and development: human acute respiratory infections. Vaccine 23, 5708-5724 (2005).
4. Shrestha SS, Swerdlow DL, Borse RH. Estimating the burden of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) in the United States (April 2009-April 2010). Clin. Infect. Dis. 52, S75-S82 (2011).
5. Writing Committee of the WHO consultation on clinical aspects of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza. Clinical aspects of pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. N. Engl. J. Med. 362, 1708-1719 (2010).
6. Louie JK, Acosta M, Winter K et al. Factors associated with death or hospitalization due to pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection in California. JAMA 302, 1896-1902 (2009).
7. Morens DM, Taubenberger JK, Folkers GK, Fauci AS. Pandemic influenza's 500th anniversary. Clin. Infect. Dis. 51, 1442-1444 (2010).
8. Lambert LC, Fauci A. Influenza vaccines for the future. N. Engl. J. Med. 363, 2036-2044 (2010).
9. Salomon R, Webster RG. The influenza virus enigma. Cell 136, 402-410 (2009).
10. Hayden F. Developing new antiviral agents for influenza treatment: what does the future hold? Clin. Infect. Dis. 48, S3-S13 (2009).
11. Moscona A. Neuraminidase inhibitors for influenza. N. Engl. J. Med. 353, 1363-1373 (2005).
12. Harper SA, Bradley JS, Englund JA et al. Seasonal influenza in adults and children: diagnosis, treatment, chemoprophylaxis, and institutional outbreak management clinical practice guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin. Infect. Dis. 48, 1003-1032 (2009).
13. Nelson MI, Simonsen L, Viboud C, Miller MA, Holmes EC. The origin and global emergence of adamantane resistant A/ H3N2 influenza viruses. Virology 388, 270-278 (2009).
14. Schirmer P, Holodniy M. Oseltamivir for treatment and prophylaxis of influenza infection. Expert Opin. Drug Saf. 8, 357-371 (2009).
15. Jefferson T, Jones MA, Doshi P, Del Mar CB, Dooley L, Foxlee R. Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2, CD001265 (2010).
16. Li W, Escarpe PA, Eisenberg EJ et al. Identification of GS4104 as an orally bioavailable prodrug of the influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitor GS4071. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42, 647-653 (1998).
17. Hayden FG, Treanor JJ, Betts AF et al. Safety and efficacy of the neuraminidase inhibitor GG167 in experimental human influenza. JAMA 275, 295-299 (1996).
18. Arya A, Carter WW, Robertson SM. The role of clinical pharmacology in supporting the emergency use authorization of unapproved anti-influenza drug, peramivir. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 88, 587-589 (2010).
19. Birnkrant D, Cox E. The emergency use authorization of peramivir for treatment of 2009 H1N1 influenza. N. Engl. J. Med. 361, 2204-2207 (2009).
20. Babu YS, Chand P, Bantia S et al. BCX-1812 (RWJ-270201): discovery of a novel, highly potent, orally active, and selective influenza neuraminidase inhibitor through structure-based drug design. J. Med. Chem. 43, 3482-3486 (2000).
21. Mineno T, Miller MJ. Stereoselective total synthesis of racemic BCX-1812 (RWJ-270201) for the development of neuraminidase inhibitors as anti-influenza agents. J. Org. Chem. 68, 6591-6596 (2003).
22. Bantia S, Arnold CS, Parker CD et al. Anti-influenza virus activity of peramivir in mice with single intramuscular injection. Antiviral Res. 69, 39-45 (2006).
23. Castillo R, Holland LE, Boltz DA. Peramivir and its use in H1N1 influenza. Drugs Today (Barc.). 46(6), 399-408 (2010).
24. Boivin G, Goyette N. Susceptibility of recent Canadian influenza A and B virus isolates to different neuraminidase inhibitors. Antiviral Res. 54, 143-147 (2002).
25. Gubareva LV, Webster RG, Hayden FG. Comparison of the activities of zanamivir, oseltamivir, and RWJ-270201 against clinical isolates of influenza virus and neuraminidase inhibitor-resistant variants. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45(12), 3403-3408 (2001).
26. Nguyen HT, Sheu TG, Mishin VP, Klimov AI, Gubareva LV. Assessment of pandemic and seasonal influenza A (H1N1) virus susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitors in three enzyme activity inhibition assays. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 54(9), 3671-3677 (2010).
27. Mendel DB, Tai CY, Escarpe PA et al. Oral administration of a prodrug of the influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitor GS 4071 protects mice and ferrets against influenza infection. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 42, 640-646 (1998).
28. Matrosovich MN, Matrosovich TY, Gray T, Roberts NA, Klenk HD. Neuraminidase is important for the initiation of influenza virus infection in human airway epithelium. J. Virol. 78(22), 12665-12667 (2004).
29. Bantia S, Upshaw R, Babu YS. Characterization of the binding affinities of peramivir and oseltamivir carboxylate to the neuraminidase enzyme. Antiviral Res. 91(3), 288-91 (2011).
30. Bantia S, Parker CD, Ananth SL et al. Comparison of the anti-influenza virus activity of RWJ-270201 with those of oseltamivir and zanamivir. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45(4), 1162-1167 (2001).
31. Govorkova EA, Leneva IA, Goloubeva OG et al. Comparison of efficacies of RWJ-270201, zanamivir, and oseltamivir against H5N1, H9N2, and other avian influenza viruses. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45(10), 2723-2732 (2001).
32. Smee DF, Hurst BL, Wong MH et al. Combinations of oseltamivir and peramivir for the treatment of influenza A (H1N1) virus infections in cell culture and in mice. Antiviral. Res. 88, 38-44 (2010).
33. Yun NE, Linde NS, Zacks MA et al. Injectable peramivir mitigates disease and promotes survival in ferrets and mice infected with the highly virulent influenza virus, A/Vietnam/1203/04 (H5N1). Virology 374(1), 198-209 (2008).
34. Sweet C, Jakeman KJ, Bush K et al. Oral administration of cyclopentane neuraminidase inhibitors protects ferrets against influenza virus infection. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46, 996-1004 (2002).
35. Drusano GL, Preston SL, Smee D, Bush K, Bailey K, Sidwell RW. Pharmacodynamic evaluation of RWJ-270201, a novelneuraminidase inhibitor, in a lethal murine model of influenza predicts efficacy for once-daily dosing. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46(4), 996-1004 (2001).
36. Chand P, Bantia S, Kotian PL et al. Comparison of the anti-influenza virus activity of cyclopentane derivatives with oseltamivir and zanamivir in vivo. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 13(12), 4071-4077 (2005).
37. Barroso L, Treanor J, Gubareva L et al. Efficacy and tolerability of the oral neuraminidase inhibitor in experimental human influenza: randomized, controlled trials for prophylaxis and treatment. Antivir. Ther. 10(8), 901-910 (2005).
38. Mishin VP, Hayden FG, Signorelli KL, Gubareva LV. Evaluation of methyl inosine monophosphate (MIMP) and peramivir activities in a murine model of lethal influenza A virus infection. Antiviral. Res. 71(1), 64-68 (2006).
39. Kilpatrick JM, Harman LA, Collins PJ, Aitee G, Mead E, Alexander WJ. Pharmacokinetics and safety of peramivir by intramuscular administration. Programs and abstracts of the Options for the Control of Influenza VI Conference. International Society for Influenza and other respiratory virus diseases. Toronto, Canada. June 17-23 2007 (Abstract p-916).
40. Beigel J, Harman LA, Collis PJ et al. Pharmacokinetics and safety evaluations of escalating doses of peramivir administered intravenously in healthy volunteers. Presented at: 47th Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrob Agents and Chemotherapy. Chicago, IL, September 17-20 2007 (Abstract A-1408).
41. Collis PJ, Harman LA, Kilpatrick JM et al. A placebo-controlled evaluation of the safety and pharmacokinetics of multiple-dose intravenous administration of peramivir in healthy elderly subjects. Presented at: 47th Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrob Agents and Chemotherapy. Chicago, IL, September 17-20, 2007 (Abstract A-1409).
42. Iyer GR, Liao S, Massarella J. Population analysis of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of RWJ-270201 (BCX-1812) in treating experimental influenza A and B virus in healthy volunteers. AAPS PharmSci. 4(4), 1-10 (2002).
43. Kohno S, Kida H, Mizuguchi M et al. Intravenous peramivir for treatment of influenza A and B virus infection in high-risk patients. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 55(6), 2803-2812 (2011).
44. Alexander WJ, Harman LA, Collis PJ et al. Nasal and pharyngeal concentrations of peramivir following intramuscular and intravenous administration in healthy volunteers. Presented at: 47th Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrob Agents and Chemotherapy. Chicago, IL, September 17-20, 2007 (Abstract A-1410).
45. Kohno S, Yen MY, Cheong HJ et al. Comparison of single-dose intravenous peramivir with oral oseltamivir in patients with seasonal influenza virus infection: a Phase III randomized, double-blind study. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 55(11), 5267-5276 (2011).
46. Bazan JA, Bauer KA, Hollister AS et al. Peramivir pharmacokinetics in two critically ill adults with 2009 H1N1 influenza A concurrently receiving continuous renal replacement therapy. Pharmacotherapy 30(10), 1016-1020 (2010).
47. Lasseter K, Atiee G, Baughman S et al. No pharmacokinetic (PK) interactions observed between intravenous (IV) peramivir and oral (PO) oseltamivir or rimantadine in humans. Presented at: 50th Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Boston, MA, USA 12-15 September 2010 (Abstract).
48. Atiee GJ, Lasseter KC, Baughman S et al. Absence of pharmacokinetic interaction between intravenous peramivir and oral oseltamivir or rimantadine in humans. J. Clin. Pharmacol. doi: 10.1177/0091270011414574 (2011) (Epub ahead of print).
49. Thomas B, Hollister A, Muczynski K. Peramivir clearance in continuous renal replacement therapy. Hemodial. Int. 14, 339-340 (2010).
50. Kumar A, Zarycanski R, Pinto R et al. Critically ill patients with 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection in Canada. JAMA 302(17), 1872-1879 (2009).
51. Napolitano LM, Park PK, Sihler KC et al. Intensive-care patients with severe novel influenza A (H1N1) virus infection -Michigan. MMWR 58(27), 749-752 (2009).
52. Sugaya N, Kohno S, Takahashi T. Efficacy and safety of intravenous peramivir in children with 2009 pandemic A (H1N1) influenza virus infection. Presented at: International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases (ICEID). Atlanta, GA, USA, July 11-14 2010. (Abstract).
53. Rapiacta®, package insert. Shionogi and Co., Ltd, Osaka, Japan.
54. Sidwell RW, Smee DF, Huffman JH et al. In vivo influenza virus-inhibtory effects of the cyclopentane neurminidase inhibitor RJW-270201. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45(3), 749-757 (2001).
55. Sidwell RW, Smee DF. Peramivir (BCX-1812, RWJ-270201): potential new therapy for influenza. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs (6), 859-869 (2002).
56. Young D, Fowler C, Bush K. RWJ-270201(BCX-1812). A novel neuraminidase inhibitor for influenza. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London 356, 1905-1913 (2001).
57. Smee DF, Huffman JH, Morrison AC et al. Cyclopentane neuraminidase inhibitors with potent in vitro anti-influenza virus activities. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 45(3), 743-748 (2001).
58. Sidwell RW, Smee DF. In vitro and in vivo assay systems for study of influenza virus inhibitors. Antiviral Res. 48(1), 1-16 (2000).
59. Sidwell RW, Bailey KW, Bernis PA et al. Primary immune system effects of the orally administered cyclopentane neuraminidase inhibitor RWJ-270201 in influenza virus-infected mice. Int. Immunopharmacol. 1(6), 1211-1218 (2001).
60. Sidwell RW, Smee DF, Morrey JD et al. Inhibition of influenza disease in the immunocompromised host by delayed oral treatment with RWJ-270201. Presented at: 14th International Conference on Antiviral Research. Seattle, WA, USA, April 8-12 2001.
61. Boltz DA, Ilyushina NA, Arnold CS et al. Intramuscularly administered neuraminidase inhibitor peramivir is effective against lethal H5N1 influenza virus in mice. Antiviral Res. 80(2), 150-157 (2008).
62. Yen HL, Monto AS, Webster RG, Govorkova EA. Virulence may determine the necessary duration and dosage of oseltamivir treatment for highly pathogenic A/Vietnam/1203/04 influenza virus in mice. J. Infect Dis. 192(4), 665-672 (2005).
63. Ilyushina NA, Hoffmann E, Salomon R, Webster RG, Govorkova EA. Amantadine-oseltamivir combination therapy for H5N1 influenza virus infection in mice. Antivir. Ther. 12(3), 363-370 (2007).
64. Bantia S, Kellogg D, Parker C, Upshaw R, Ilyushina NA, Babu YS. A single intramuscular injection of neuraminidase inhibitor peramivir demonstrates antiviral activity against novel pandemic A/ California/04/2009 (H1N1) influenza virus infection in mice. Antiviral Res. 90, 17-21 (2011).
65. Yoshida R, Kodama M, Kobayashi M, Kitano M, Sato A, Yamano Y. Therapeutic effect of peramivir (S-021812, BCX-1812) after single intravenous treatment of mice infected with influenza A and B viruses. Presented at: 49th Annual Interscience Conference on Antimicrob Agents and Chemotherapy. San Francisco, CA, USA, 12-15 September 2009 (Abstract V-1065).
66. Abed Y, Simon P, Boivin G. Prophylactic activity of intramuscular peramivir in mice infected with a recombinant influenza A/ WSN/33 (H1N1) virus containing the H274Y neuraminidase mutation. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 54, 2819-2822 (2010).
67. Atiee G, Laughlin A, Tellier G et al. Virologic analysis of influenza viruses after therapy with a single intramuscular dose of the neuraminidase inhibitor peramivir versus placebo in patients with influenza in the outpatient setting. Presented at: 49th Annual Meeting of the IDSA. Boston, MA, USA, October 20-23 2011 (Abstract).
68. Kohno S, Kida H, Mizuguchi M, Shimada J. Efficacy and safety of intravenous peramivir for treatment of seasonal influenza virus infection. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 54(11), 4568-4574 (2010).
69. Ison MG, McGeer AJ, Hui DS et al. Safety and efficacy of multiple-day treatment with intravenous peramivir vs oral oseltamivir in hospitalized adults with acute influenza. Presented at: 11th International Symposium on Respiratory Viral Infections. Bangkok, Thailand, 19-22 February 2009 (Abstract).
70. Hernandez JE, Adiga R, Armstrong R et al. Clinical experience in adults and children treated with intravenous peramivir for 2009 influenza A (H1N1) under an emergency IND program in the United States. Clin. Infect. Dis. 52(6), 696-706 (2011).
71. Sorbello AF, Jones SC, Carter W, Struble K. Safety of peramivir accessed under the FDA emergency use authorization (EUA) to treat hospitalized patients with 2009 H1N1 influenza virus.Presented at: Program and Abstracts of the 50th Interscience Confererence on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Boston, MA, USA, September 12-15 2010 (Absract V-648).
72. Martin AR, Collins CD, Otto M, Malani A, Cinti S. Peramivir: a new drug for influenza. Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract. 19(1), 11-15 (2011).
73. Dutkowski R, Thakrar B, Froehlich E et al. Safety and pharmacology of oseltamivir in clinical use. Drug Saf. 26, 787-801 (2003).
74. Casscells SW, Granger E, Kress AM et al. The association between oseltamivir use and adverse neuropsychiatric outcomes among TRICARE benefeiciaries, ages 1 through 21 years diagnosed with influenza. Int. J. Adolesc. Med. Health. 21 79-2189 (2009).
75. Mancuso CE, Gabay MP, Steinke LM, VanOsdol SJ. Peramivir: an intravenous neuraminidase inhibitor for the treatment of 2009 H1N1 influenza. Ann. Pharmacother. 44, 1240-1249 (2010).
76. Swan S, Marbury T, Smith W et al. Safety and pharmacokinetics of peramivir following intravenous administration in subjects with renal impairment. Presented at: 47th Annual Meeting Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA). Philadelphia, PA, USA, October 29-November 1 2009 (Abstract 623).
77. Clay PG, Adiga RB, Taylor TA, Alsup R, Gerk PM, McRae M. Postpartum pharmacokinetics of peramivir in the treatment of 2009 H1N1 influenza. Obstet. Gynecol. 118(22), 463-467 (2011).
78. Jain S, Fry AM. Peramivir: another tool for influenza treatment? Clin. Infect. Dis. 52(6), 707-709 (2011).
79. Hollister AS, Sheridan WP. The emergency use authorization of peramivir IV: a view from the manufacturer. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 89, 172-174 (2011).
80. Thorlund K, Awad T, Boivin G, Thabane L. Systematic review of influenza resistance to the neuraminidase inhibitors. BMC Infect. Dis. 11, 134 (2011).
81. Moscona A. Global transmission of oseltamivir-resistant influenza, N. Engl. J. Med. 360, 953-956 (2009).
82. Moss RB, Davey RT, Steigbigel RT, Fang F. Targeting pandemic influenza: a primer on influenza antivirals and drug resistance. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 65(6), 1086-1093 (2010).
83. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Drug susceptibility of swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) viruses, April 2009. MMWR 58, 433-435 (2009).
84. Meijer A, Jonges M, Abbink F et al. Oseltamivir-resistant pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 influenza viruses detected through enhanced surveillance in the Netherlands, 2009-2010. Antiviral Res. doi:org/10.1016/j.bbr.2011.03.031 (2011) (Epub ahead of print).
85. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Oseltamivir-resistant novel influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in two immunocompromised patients -Seattle, Washington, 2009. MMWR 58, 893-896 (2009).
86. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Oseltamivir-resistant 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in two summer campers receiving prophylaxis -North Carolina, 2009. MMWR 58, 969-972 (2009).
87. Baz M, Abed Y, Papenburg J, Bouhy X, Hamelin ME, Boivin G. Emergence of oseltamivir-resistant pandemic H1N1 virus during prophylaxis. N. Engl. J. Med. 361, 2296-2397 (2009).
88. Gaur AH, Bagga B, Barman S et al. Intravenous zanamivir for oseltamivir-resistant H1N1 influenza. N. Engl. J. Med. 362(1), 88-89 (2010).
89. Wang MZ, Tai CY, Mendel DB. Mechanism by which mutations at his274 alter sensitivity of influenza a virus N1 neuraminidase to oseltamivir carboxylate and zanamivir. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 46, 3809-3816 (2002).
90. Gubareva LV, Kaiser L, Matrosovich MN, Soo-Hoo Y, Hayden FG. Selection of influenza virus mutants in experimentally infected volunteers treated with oseltamivir. J. Infect. Dis. 183, 523-531 (2001).
91. Weinstock DM, Gubareva LV, Zuccotti G. Prolonged shedding of multidrug-resistant influenza A virus in an immunocompromised patient. N. Engl. J Med. 348, 867-868 (2003).
92. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Update: influenza activity -United States, 28 September 2008-2031 January 2009. MMWR 58, 115-119 (2009).
93. Update on oseltamivir-resistant pandemic A (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus: January 2010. Wkly Epidemiol. Rec. 85(6), 37-40 (2009).
94. Hurt AC, Holien JK, Barr IG. In vitro generation of neuraminidase inhibitor resistance in A (H5N1) influenza virus. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 53(10), 4433-4440 (2009).
95. Gubareva LV, Trujillo AA, Okomo-Adhiambo M et al. Comprehensive assessment of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus drug susceptibility in vitro. Antivir. Ther. 15(8), 1151-1159 (2010).
96. Baz M, Abed Y, Boivin G. Characterization of drug-resistant recombinant influenza A/ H1N1 viruses selected in vitro with peramivir and zanamivir. Antiviral. Res. 74(2), 159-162 (2007).
97. Pizzorno A, Bouhy X, Abed Y, Boivin G. Generation and characterization of recombinant pandemic influenza A(H1N1) viruses resistant to neuraminidase inhibitors. J. Infect. Dis. 203(1), 25-31 (2011).
98. Hamelin ME, Baz M, Abed Y et al. Oseltamivir-resistant pandemic A/H1N1 virus is as virulent as its wild-type counterpart in mice and ferrets. PLoS Pathog. 6, e1001015 (2010).
99. Okomo-Adhiambo MH, Nguyen T, Sleeman K et al. Host cell selection of influenza neuraminidase variants: implications for drug resistance monitoring in A(H1N1) viruses. Antiviral. Res. 85, 381-388 (2010).
100. Hurt AC, Ernest J, Deng YM et al. Emergence and spread of oseltamivir-resistant A(H1N1) influenza viruses in Oceania, South East Asia and South Africa. Antiviral Res. 83, 90-93 (2009).
101. Renaud C, Pergam SA, Polyak C et al. Early emergence of an H275Y mutation in a hematopoietic cell transplant recipient treated with intravenous peramivir. Transpl. Infect. Dis. 12(6), 513-517 (2010).
102. Memoli MJ, Hrabal RJ, Hassantoufighi A, Eichelberger MC, Taubenberger JK. Rapid selection of oseltamivir-and peramivir-resistant pandemic H1N1 virus during therapy in 2 immunocompromised hosts. Clin. Infect. Dis. 50(9), 1252-1255 (2010).
103. Mehta T, McGrath E, Bheemreddy S et al. Detection of oseltamivir resistance during treatment of 2009 H1N1 influenza virus infection in immunocompromised patients: utility of cycle threshold values of qualitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol. 48(11), 4326-4328 (2010).
104. Dulek DE, Williams JV, Creech CB et al. Use of intravenous zanamivir after development of oseltamivir resistance in a critically ill immunosuppressed child infected with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus. Clin. Infect. Dis. 50(11), 1493-1496 (2010).
105. Kidd IM, Down J, Nastouli E et al. H1N1 pneumonitis treated with intravenous zanamivir. Lancet 374(9694), 1036 (2009).
106. Harter G, Zimmermann O, Maier L et al. Intravenous zanamivir for patients with pneumonitis due to pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus. Clin. Infect. Dis. 50, 1249-1251 (2010).
107. Hurt JK, Holien M, Parker A et al. Zanamivir-resistant influenza viruses with a novel neuraminidase mutation. J. Virol. 88, 10366-10373 (2009).
108. Ilyushina NA, Bovin NV, Webster RG, Govorkova EA. Combination chemotherapy, a potential strategy for reducing the emergence of drug-resistant influenza A variants. Antiviral Res. 70, 121-131 (2006).
109. Nguyen JT, Hoopes JD, Le MH et al. Triple combination of amantadine, ribavirin, and oseltamivir is highly active and synergistic against drug resistant influenza virus strains in vitro. PLoS One 5, e9332 (2010).
110. Duval S, van der Werf T, Blanchon A et al. For the Bivir study group. Efficacy of oseltamivir-zanamivir combination compared to each monotherapy for seasonal influenza: a randomized placebo-controlled trial, PLoS Med. 7, e1000362 (2010).
111. Chavas LMG, Kato R, Suzuki N et al. Complexity in influenza virus targeted drug design: interaction with human sialidases, J. Med. Chem. 53, 2998-3002 (2010).
112. Beigel J, Bray M. Current and future antiviral therapy of severe seasonal and avian influenza. Antiviral Res. 78, 91-102 (2008).
113. Boltz DA, Aldridge JR, Webster RG, Govorkova EA. Drugs in development for influenza. Drugs 70(11), 1349-1362 (2010).
114. Preziosi P. Influenza pharmacotherapy: present situation, strategies and hopes. Expert Opin. Pharmacother. 12(10), 1523-49 (2011).
115. Treanor JJ, Hayden FG, Vrooman PS et al. Efficacy and safety of the oral neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir in treating acute influenza: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 283, 1016-1024 (2000).
116. McGeer A, Green KA, Plevneshi A et al. Antiviral therapy and outcomes of influenza requiring hospitalization in Ontario, Canada. Clin. Inf. Dis. 45, 1568-1575 (2007).
117. Lee N, Choi KW, Chan PK et al. Outcomes of adults hospitalized with severe influenza. Thorax 65, 510-515 (2010).
118. Hanshaoworakul W, Simmerman JM, Narueponjirakul U et al. Severe human influenza infections in Thailand: oseltamivir treatment and risk factors for fatal outcome. PLoS One 4, e6051(2009).
119. Jain S, Kamimoto L, Bramley AM et al. Hospitalized patients with 2009 H1N1 influenza in the United States, April-June 2009. N. Engl. J. Med. 361, 1935-1944 (2009).
120. Siston AM, Rasmussen SA, Honein MA et al. Pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus illness among pregnant women in the United States. JAMA 303, 1517-1525 (2010).
121. Louie JK, Acosta M, Jamieson DJ, Honein MA. Severe 2009 H1N1 influenza in pregnant and postpartum women in California. N. Engl. J. Med. 362, 27-35 (2010).
122. Zarychanski R, Stuart TL, Kumar A et al. Correlates of severe disease in patients with 2009 pandemic influenza (H1N1) virus infection. CMAJ 182, 257-264 (2010).
123. Yu H, Liao Q, Yuan Y et al. Effectiveness of oseltamivir on disease progression and viral RNA shedding in patients with mild pandemic 2009 influenza A H1N1: opportunistic retrospective study of medical charts in China. BMJ 341, c4779 (2010).
124. Farias JA, Fernandez A, Monteverde E et al. Critically ill infants and children with influenza A (H1N1) in pediatric intensive care units in Argentina. Intensive Care Med. 36, 1015-1022 (2010).
125. Yang P, Deng Y, Pang Z et al. Severe, critical and fatal cases of 2009 H1N1 influenza in China. J. Infect. 61, 277-283 (2010).
126. Kumar D, Michaels MG, Morris MI et al. Outcomes from pandemic influenza A H1N1 infection in recipients of solid-organ transplants: a multicentre cohort study. Lancet Infect. Dis. 10, 521-526 (2010).
127. Uyeki T. Antiviral treatment for patients hospitalized with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) N. Engl. J. Med. 361(23), e110 (2009).
128. Meyerhoff A, Lietman P. Losing the opportunity to study influenza drugs. JAMA 303(9), 878-879 (2010).
129. Nakanishi H, Muta T, Fujisaki T et al. Pandemic (H1N1) 2009-associated ARDS rescued by neuraminidase inhibitors with emergency use of extracoporeal membrane oxygenation. Intern. Med. 49, 1901-1905 (2010).
130. Park KH, Lee SL, Choi SH et al. Successful salvage therapy with inhaled zanamivir in a patient with peramivir-resistant pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 43(2), 151-155 (2011).
131. Nasu T, Ogawa D, Wada J, Makino H. Peramivir for severe influenza infection in a patient with diabetic nephropathy. Am. J. Crit. Care Med. 182, 1209-1210 (2010).
132. Kuehn BM. Antiviral drugs underused in US patients for 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic. JAMA 305(11), 1080-1083 (2011).
133. Fry AM, Perez A, Finelli L. Use of intravenous neuraminidase inhibitors during the 2009 pandemic: results from population-based surveillance. JAMA 306(2), 160-162 (2011).
134. Renaud C, Kuypers J, Englund JA. Emerging oseltamivir resistance in seasonal and pandemic influenza A/H1N1. J. Clin. Virol. doi:10.1016/j.jcv.05.019 (2011) (Epub ahead of print).
135. Shetty AK, Ross GA, Pranikoff T et al. Oseltamivir-resistant 2009 H1N1 influenza pneumonia during therapy in a renal transplant recipient. Pediatr. Transplant. doi:10.1111/j.1399-3046.01489.x (2011) (Epub ahead of print).