Neuromyelitis optica;Neuromyelitis optica

Aktuelle Neurologie

Volumn 39, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 33-41

  Wildemann, B ^a   Jarius, S ^a   Paul, F ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL HEIDELBERG   (Germany)

^b CHARITÉ UNIVERSITÄTSMEDIZIN BERLIN   (Germany)

Author keywords

antibodies to aquaporin 4 (NMO IgG); Devic syndrome; longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis; neuromyelitis optica; optic neuritis

Indexed keywords

AQUAPORIN 4; AUTOANTIBODY; AUTOANTIGEN; AZATHIOPRINE; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; MITOXANTRONE; MYCOPHENOLIC ACID 2 MORPHOLINOETHYL ESTER; PREDNISOLONE; RITUXIMAB;

ANTIBODY SPECIFICITY; ARTICLE; AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE; AUTOIMMUNITY; B CELL DEPLETION; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE; CLINICAL FEATURE; DEPLETION; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; HUMAN; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; MYELITIS; MYELOOPTIC NEUROPATHY; OPTIC NEURITIS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PLASMAPHERESIS; PROGNOSIS; SYMPTOMATOLOGY;

EID: 84857064815     PISSN: 03024350     EISSN: 14389428     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1297261     Document Type: Article

References (156)

1. Jarius S, Wildemann B. [Neuromyelitis optica]. Nervenarzt: 2007; 78 1365 1377
2. Paul F, Jarius S, Glumm R et al. [Recent findings in pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapy of neuromyelitis optica]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr: 2008; 133 1125 1129 (Pubitemid 351829650)
3. Wingerchuk D M, Hogancamp W F, OBrien P C et al. The clinical course of neuromyelitis optica (Devics syndrome). Neurology: 1999; 53 1107 1114 (Pubitemid 29442132)
4. Lennon V A, Wingerchuk D M, Kryzer T J et al. A serum autoantibody marker of neuromyelitis optica: distinction from multiple sclerosis. Lancet: 2004; 364 2106 2112 (Pubitemid 39626806)
5. Lennon V A, Kryzer T J, Pittock S J et al. IgG marker of optic-spinal multiple sclerosis binds to the aquaporin-4 water channel. J Exp Med: 2005; 202 473 477 (Pubitemid 41186945)
6. Jarius S, Franciotta D, Bergamaschi R et al. NMO-IgG in the diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica. Neurology: 2007; 68 1076 1077 (Pubitemid 46569147)
7. Jarius S, Probst C, Borowski K et al. Standardized method for the detection of antibodies to aquaporin-4 based on a highly sensitive immunofluorescence assay employing recombinant target antigen. J Neurol Sci: 2010; 291 52 56
8. Jarius S, Wildemann B. Noteomielite accompanied by acute amaurosis (1844). An early case of neuromyelitis optica. J Neurol Sci. 2011; doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2011.09.025
9. Pescetto G B. Storia di un caso di noteomielite acuta, accompagnata da amaurosi. Giornale delle Scienze Mediche della Societa Medico-Chirurgica di Torino: 1844; 311 324
10. Jarius S, Wildemann B. An early case of neuromyelitis optica: on a forgotten report by Jacob Lockhart Clarke, FRS. Mult Scler: 2011; 17 1384 1386
11. Lockhart Clarke J A. On a case of paralysis. Lancet: 1865; 86 113 114
12. Erb W. ber das Zusammenvorkommen von Neuritis optica und Myelitis subacuta. Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten: 1880; 10 146 157
13. Steffan P. Beitrag zur Lehre des Zusammenhanges der Erkrankungen der Sehnerven mit denen des Rückenmarkes. Bericht über die Versammlung der Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft, Heidelberg: 1879; 12 90 105
14. Gault F. De la neuromylite optique aigu. Thse. In: Facult de Mdecine et de Pharmacie. Lyon: 1894; 102
15. Devic E. Mylite subaigu complique de nvrite optique. Le Bulletin Mdicale: 1894; 8 1033 1034
16. Devic E. Mylite aigu dorse-lombaire avec nvrite optique, autopsie. In: Congrs franais de mdecine (Premiere Session, Lyon). Lyon: 1895; 434 439
17. Acchiote P. Sur un cas de neuromylite subaigu ou maladie de Devic. Revue neurologique: 1907; 15 775 777
18. Bizzoco E, Lolli F, Repice A M et al. Prevalence of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and phenotype distribution. J Neurol: 2009; 256 1891 1898
19. Asgari N, Lillevang S T, Skejoe H P et al. A population-based study of neuromyelitis optica in Caucasians. Neurology: 2011; 76 1589 1595
20. Shibasaki H, McDonald W I, Kuroiwa Y. Racial modification of clinical picture of multiple sclerosis: comparison between British and Japanese patients. J Neurol Sci: 1981; 49 253 271 (Pubitemid 11183868)
21. Jarius S, Ruprecht K, Paul F, Aktas O. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological findings in 151 patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and related disorders: a multi-center observational study on behalf of the German Neuromyelitis optica Study Group (NEMOS). Neurology: 2011; 76 A534
22. Kira J. Multiple sclerosis in the Japanese population. Lancet Neurol: 2003; 2 117 127 (Pubitemid 37443332)
23. Misu T, Fujihara K, Nakashima I et al. Pure optic-spinal form of multiple sclerosis in Japan. Brain: 2002; 125 2460 2468 (Pubitemid 35303505)
24. Weinshenker B G, Wingerchuk D M, Nakashima I et al. OSMS is NMO, but not MS: proven clinically and pathologically. Lancet Neurol: 2006; 5 110 111 (Pubitemid 43107844)
25. de Seze J, Stojkovic T, Ferriby D et al. Devics neuromyelitis optica: clinical, laboratory, MRI and outcome profile. J Neurol Sci: 2002; 197 57 61 (Pubitemid 34462145)
26. Weinshenker B G, Bass B, Rice G P et al. The natural history of multiple sclerosis: a geographically based study. I. Clinical course and disability. Brain: 1989; 112 Pt 1 133 146 (Pubitemid 19056478)
27. Barbieri F, Buscaino G A. Neuromyelitis optica in the elderly. Acta Neurol (Napoli): 1989; 11 247 251
28. Lotze T E, Northrop J L, Hutton G J et al. Spectrum of pediatric neuromyelitis optica. Pediatrics: 2008; 122 e1039 e1047
29. Collongues N, Marignier R, Zephir H et al. Neuromyelitis optica in France: a multicenter study of 125 patients. Neurology: 2010; 74 736 742
30. Huppke P, Bluthner M, Bauer O et al. Neuromyelitis optica and NMO-IgG in European pediatric patients. Neurology: 2010; 75 1740 1744
31. Collongues N, Marignier R, Zephir H et al. Long-term follow-up of neuromyelitis optica with a pediatric onset. Neurology: 2010; 75 1084 1088
32. Nagaishi A, Takagi M, Umemura A et al. Clinical features of neuromyelitis optica in a large Japanese cohort: comparison between phenotypes. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: 2011; 82 1360 1364
33. Wingerchuk D M, Pittock S J, Lucchinetti C F et al. A secondary progressive clinical course is uncommon in neuromyelitis optica. Neurology: 2007; 68 603 605
34. Ghezzi A, Bergamaschi R, Martinelli V et al. Clinical characteristics, course and prognosis of relapsing Devics Neuromyelitis Optica. J Neurol: 2004; 251 47 52 (Pubitemid 38210489)
35. Akman-Demir G, Tuzun E, Waters P et al. Prognostic implications of aquaporin-4 antibody status in neuromyelitis optica patients. J Neurol: 2011; 258 464 470
36. Ghezzi A, Baldini S, Zaffaroni M et al. Devics neuromyelitis optica and mitochondrial DNA mutation: a case report. Neurol Sci: 2004; 25 04 S380 S382 (Pubitemid 39600437)
37. Collongues N, Cabre P, Marignier R et al. A benign form of neuromyelitis optica: does it exist? Arch Neurol: 2011; 68 918 924
38. Misu T, Fujihara K, Nakashima I et al. Intractable hiccup and nausea with periaqueductal lesions in neuromyelitis optica. Neurology: 2005; 65 1479 1482 (Pubitemid 41552787)
39. Takahashi T, Miyazawa I, Misu T et al. Intractable hiccup and nausea in neuromyelitis optica with anti-aquaporin-4 antibody: a herald of acute exacerbations. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: 2008; 79 1075 1078
40. McKeon A, Lennon V A, Lotze T et al. CNS aquaporin-4 autoimmunity in children. Neurology: 2008; 71 93 100
41. Baba T, Nakashima I, Kanbayashi T et al. Narcolepsy as an initial manifestation of neuromyelitis optica with anti-aquaporin-4 antibody. J Neurol: 2009; 256 287 288
42. Kanbayashi T, Shimohata T, Nakashima I et al. Symptomatic narcolepsy in patients with neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis: new neurochemical and immunological implications. Arch Neurol: 2009; 66 1563 1566
43. You X F, Qin W, Hu W L. Aquaporin-4 antibody positive neuromyelitis optica with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. Neurosciences (Riyadh): 2011; 16 68 71
44. Apiwattanakul M, Popescu B F, Matiello M et al. Intractable vomiting as the initial presentation of neuromyelitis optica. Ann Neurol: 2010; 68 757 761
45. Pittock S J, Lennon V A, Krecke K et al. Brain abnormalities in neuromyelitis optica. Arch Neurol: 2006; 63 390 396
46. Kim W, Park M S, Lee S H et al. Characteristic brain magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in central nervous system aquaporin-4 autoimmunity. Mult Scler: 2010; 16 1229 1236
47. Sellner J, Hemmer B, Muhlau M. The clinical spectrum and immunobiology of parainfectious neuromyelitis optica (Devic) syndromes. J Autoimmun: 2010; 34 371 379
48. Jarius S, Wandinger K P, Platzer S et al. Homology between Klebsiella pneumoniae and human aquaporin-4: no evidence for cross-reactivity in neuromyelitis optica. A study on 114 patients. J Neurol: 2011; 258 929 931
49. Pittock S J, Lennon V A, de Seze J et al. Neuromyelitis optica and non organ-specific autoimmunity. Arch Neurol: 2008; 65 78 83
50. Pittock S J, Lennon V A. Aquaporin-4 autoantibodies in a paraneoplastic context. Arch Neurol: 2008; 65 629 632 (Pubitemid 351679657)
51. Berglund L, Bjorling E, Oksvold P et al. A genecentric Human Protein Atlas for expression profiles based on antibodies. Mol Cell Proteomics: 2008; 7 2019 2027
52. Jarius S, Warth A, Wandinger K P et al. Antibodies to aquaporin-4 in non-small cell lung cancer: a study on 50 patients. Neurol Sci: 2010; 31 871 872
53. Weinshenker B G, Wingerchuk D M, Vukusic S et al. Neuromyelitis optica IgG predicts relapse after longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis. Ann Neurol: 2006; 59 566 569 (Pubitemid 43358081)
54. Matiello M, Lennon V A, Jacob A et al. NMO-IgG predicts the outcome of recurrent optic neuritis. Neurology: 2008; 70 2197 2200
55. Petzold A, Pittock S, Lennon V et al. Neuromyelitis optica-IgG (aquaporin-4) autoantibodies in immune mediated optic neuritis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: 2010; 81 109 111
56. Jarius S, Frederikson J, Waters P et al. Frequency and prognostic impact of antibodies to aquaporin-4 in patients with optic neuritis. J Neurol Sci: 2010; 298 158 162
57. Kolfenbach J R, Horner B J, Ferucci E D et al. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder in patients with connective tissue disease and myelitis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken): 2011; 63:1203-1208
58. Aktas O, Hartung H P. Neuromyelitis and more: the unfolding spectrum of aquaporin 4-related neurological diseases. J Neurol: 2009; 256 1906 1908
59. Trebst C, Berthele A, Jarius S et al. Diagnosis and treatment of neuromyelitis optica. Consensus recommendations of the Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group. Nervenarzt: 2011; 82 768 777
60. De Keyser J. Autoimmunity in multiple sclerosis. Neurology: 1988; 38 371 374 (Pubitemid 18083669)
61. Jarius S, Jacob S, Waters P et al. Neuromyelitis optica in patients with gluten sensitivity associated with antibodies to aquaporin-4. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: 2008; 79 1084
62. Jarius S, Paul F, Franciotta D et al. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders in patients with myasthenia gravis: Ten new aquaporin-4 antibody positive cases and a review of the literature. Mult Scler: 2011; doi: 10.1177/1352458511431728
63. Jarius S, Jacobi C, de Seze J et al. Frequency and syndrome specificity of antibodies to aquaporin-4 in neurological patients with rheumatic disorders. Mult Scler: 2011; 17 1067 1073
64. Bergamaschi R, Jarius S, Robotti M et al. Two cases of benign neuromyelitis optica in patients with celiac disease. J Neurol: 2009; 256 2097 2099
65. Wandinger K P, Stangel M, Witte T et al. Autoantibodies against aquaporin-4 in patients with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus and primary Sjogrens syndrome. Arthritis Rheum: 2010; 62 1198 1200
66. Zavada J, Nytrova P, Wandinger K P et al. Seroprevalence and specificity of NMO-IgG (anti-aquaporin 4 antibodies) in patients with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatol Int: 2011
67. Magana S M, Matiello M, Pittock S J et al. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Neurology: 2009; 72 712 717
68. Sanchez-Carteyron A, Alarcia R, Ara J R et al. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome after rituximab infusion in neuromyelitis optica. Neurology: 2010; 74 1471 1473
69. Wingerchuk D M, Lennon V A, Pittock S J et al. Revised diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica. Neurology: 2006; 66 1485 1489 (Pubitemid 43958540)
70. Paty D W, Oger J J, Kastrukoff L F et al. MRI in the diagnosis of MS: a prospective study with comparison of clinical evaluation, evoked potentials, oligoclonal banding, and CT. Neurology: 1988; 38 180 185 (Pubitemid 18036832)
71. Nakamura M, Misu T, Fujihara K et al. Occurrence of acute large and edematous callosal lesions in neuromyelitis optica. Mult Scler: 2009; 15 695 700
72. Poppe A Y, Lapierre Y, Melancon D et al. Neuromyelitis optica with hypothalamic involvement. Mult Scler: 2005; 11 617 621 (Pubitemid 41387709)
73. Nakashima I, Fujihara K, Miyazawa I et al. Clinical and MRI features of Japanese patients with multiple sclerosis positive for NMO-IgG. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: 2006; 77 1073 1075 (Pubitemid 44338534)
74. Pittock S J, Weinshenker B G, Lucchinetti C F et al. Neuromyelitis optica brain lesions localized at sites of high aquaporin 4 expression. Arch Neurol: 2006; 63 964 968 (Pubitemid 44036298)
75. Lim B C, Hwang H, Kim K J et al. Relapsing demyelinating CNS disease in a Korean pediatric population: multiple sclerosis versus neuromyelitis optica. Mult Scler: 2011; 17 67 73
76. Kitley J, Leite M, George J et al. The differential diagnosis of longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis. Mult Scler. 2011; 10.1177/1352458511406165
77. Petzold A, de Boer J F, Schippling S et al. Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol: 2010; 9 921 932
78. Bock M, Brandt A U, Dorr J et al. Time domain and spectral domain optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: a comparative cross-sectional study. Mult Scler: 2010; 16 893 896
79. Bock M, Brandt A U, Dorr J et al. Patterns of retinal nerve fiber layer loss in multiple sclerosis patients with or without optic neuritis and glaucoma patients. Clin Neurol Neurosurg: 2010; 112 647 652
80. Brandt A U, Oberwahrenbrock T, Ringelstein M et al. Primary retinal pathology in multiple sclerosis as detected by optical coherence tomography. Brain: 2011;;134:e193
81. de Seze J, Blanc F, Jeanjean L et al. Optical coherence tomography in neuromyelitis optica. Arch Neurol: 2008; 65 920 923 (Pubitemid 352008475)
82. Naismith R T, Tutlam N T, Xu J et al. Optical coherence tomography differs in neuromyelitis optica compared with multiple sclerosis. Neurology: 2009; 72 1077 1082
83. Ratchford J N, Quigg M E, Conger A et al. Optical coherence tomography helps differentiate neuromyelitis optica and MS optic neuropathies. Neurology: 2009; 73 302 308
84. Pfueller C F, Paul F. Imaging the Visual Pathway in Neuromyelitis Optica. Multiple Sclerosis International: 2011; 2011: article ID 869814
85. Jarius S, Wildemann B. AQP4 antibodies in neuromyelitis optica: diagnostic and pathogenetic relevance. Nat Rev Neurol: 2010; 6 383 392
86. Takahashi T, Fujihara K, Nakashima I et al. Anti-aquaporin-4 antibody is involved in the pathogenesis of NMO: a study on antibody titre. Brain: 2007; 130 1235 1243 (Pubitemid 47355956)
87. Waters P, Jarius S, Littleton E et al. Aquaporin-4 antibodies in neuromyelitis optica and longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis. Arch Neurol: 2008; 65 913 919 (Pubitemid 352008474)
88. Matsushita T, Isobe N, Matsuoka T et al. Aquaporin-4 autoimmune syndrome and anti-aquaporin-4 antibody-negative opticospinal multiple sclerosis in Japanese. Mult Scler: 2009; 15 834 847
89. Kalluri S R, Illes Z, Srivastava R et al. Quantification and functional characterization of antibodies to native aquaporin 4 in neuromyelitis optica. Arch Neurol: 2010; 67 1201 1208
90. Paul F, Jarius S, Aktas O et al. Antibody to aquaporin 4 in the diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica. PLoS Med: 2007; 4 e133
91. Hayakawa S, Mori M, Okuta A et al. Neuromyelitis optica and anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. J Neuroimmunol: 2008; 196 181 187
92. Nicchia G P, Mastrototaro M, Rossi A et al. Aquaporin-4 orthogonal arrays of particles are the target for neuromyelitis optica autoantibodies. Glia: 2009; 57 1363 1373
93. Furman C S, Gorelick-Feldman D A, Davidson K G et al. Aquaporin-4 square array assembly: opposing actions of M1 and M23 isoforms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A: 2003; 100 13609 13614 (Pubitemid 37444788)
94. Mader S, Lutterotti A, Di Pauli F et al. Patterns of antibody binding to aquaporin-4 isoforms in neuromyelitis optica. PLoS One: 2010; 5 e10455
95. Sabater L, Giralt A, Boronat A et al. Cytotoxic effect of neuromyelitis optica antibody (NMO-IgG) to astrocytes: an in vitro study. Neuroimmunol: 2009; 215 31 35
96. Bonnan M, Valentino R, Olindo S et al. Plasma exchange in severe spinal attacks associated with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Mult Scler: 2009; 15 487 492
97. Jarius S, Franciotta D, Bergamaschi R et al. Immunoglobulin M antibodies to aquaporin-4 in neuromyelitis optica and related disorders. Clin Chem Lab Med: 2010; 48 659 663
98. Klawiter E C, Alvarez E 3rd, Xu J et al. NMO-IgG detected in CSF in seronegative neuromyelitis optica. Neurology: 2009; 72 1101 1103
99. McKeon A, Pittock S J, Lennon V A. CSF complements serum for evaluating paraneoplastic antibodies and NMO-IgG. Neurology: 2011; 76 1108 1110
100. Jarius S, Franciotta D, Paul F et al. Cerebrospinal fluid antibodies to aquaporin-4 in neuromyelitis optica and related disorders: frequency, origin, and diagnostic relevance. J Neuroinflammation: 2010; 7 52
101. Dujmovic I, Mader S, Schanda K et al. Temporal dynamics of cerebrospinal fluid anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. J Neuroimmunol: 2011; 234 124 130
102. Jarius S, Aboul-Enein F, Waters P et al. Antibody to aquaporin-4 in the long-term course of neuromyelitis optica. Brain: 2008; 131 3072 3080
103. Chihara N, Aranami T, Sato W et al. Interleukin 6 signaling promotes anti-aquaporin 4 autoantibody production from plasmablasts in neuromyelitis optica. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA: 2011; 108 3701 3706
104. Bergamaschi R. Importance of cerebrospinal fluid examination in differential diagnosis of Devics neuromyelitis optica by multiple sclerosis. Neurol Sci: 2003; 24 95 96 (Pubitemid 37304275)
105. Bergamaschi R, Tonietti S, Franciotta D et al. Oligoclonal bands in Devics neuromyelitis optica and multiple sclerosis: differences in repeated cerebrospinal fluid examinations. Mult Scler: 2004; 10 2 4 (Pubitemid 38100519)
106. Zaffaroni M. Cerebrospinal fluid findings in Devics neuromyelitis optica. Neurol Sci: 2004; 25 04 S368 S370 (Pubitemid 39600434)
107. Nakamura M, Nakashima I, Sato S et al. Clinical and laboratory features of neuromyelitis optica with oligoclonal IgG bands. Mult Scler: 2007; 13 332 335 (Pubitemid 46705993)
108. Jarius S, Paul F, Franciotta D et al. Cerebrospinal fluid findings in aquaporin-4 antibody positive neuromyelitis optica: Results from 211 lumbar punctures. J Neurol Sci: 2011; 306 82 90
109. Andersson M, Alvarez-Cermeno J, Bernardi G et al. Cerebrospinal fluid in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: a consensus report. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: 1994; 57 897 902 (Pubitemid 24251050)
110. Reiber H, Teut M, Pohl D et al. Paediatric and adult multiple sclerosis: age-related differences and time course of the neuroimmunological response in cerebrospinal fluid. Mult Scler: 2009; 15 1466 1480
111. Walsh M J, Tourtellotte W W. Temporal invariance and clonal uniformity of brain and cerebrospinal IgG, IgA, and IgM in multiple sclerosis. J Exp Med: 1986; 163 41 53 (Pubitemid 16189509)
112. Tumani H, Deisenhammer F, Giovannoni G et al. Revised McDonald criteria: the persisting importance of cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Ann Neurol: 2011; 70 520 author reply 521
113. Jarius S, Franciotta D, Bergamaschi R et al. Polyspecific, antiviral immune response distinguishes multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: 2008; 79 1134 1136
114. Misu T, Fujihara K, Kakita A et al. Loss of aquaporin 4 in lesions of neuromyelitis optica: distinction from multiple sclerosis. Brain: 2007; 130 1224 1234 (Pubitemid 47355951)
115. Roemer S F, Parisi J E, Lennon V A et al. Pattern-specific loss of aquaporin-4 immunoreactivity distinguishes neuromyelitis optica from multiple sclerosis. Brain: 2007; 130 1194 1205 (Pubitemid 47355941)
116. Jarius S, Paul F, Franciotta D et al. Mechanisms of disease: aquaporin-4 antibodies in neuromyelitis optica. Nat Clin Pract Neurol: 2008; 4 202 214 (Pubitemid 351516748)
117. Misu T, Takano R, Fujihara K et al. Marked increase in cerebrospinal fluid glial fibrillar acidic protein in neuromyelitis optica: an astrocytic damage marker. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry: 2009; 80 575 577
118. Lucchinetti C F, Mandler R N, McGavern D et al. A role for humoral mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Devics neuromyelitis optica. Brain: 2002; 125 1450 1461 (Pubitemid 34755161)
119. Watanabe S, Nakashima I, Misu T et al. Therapeutic efficacy of plasma exchange in NMO-IgG-positive patients with neuromyelitis optica. Mult Scler: 2007; 13 128 132 (Pubitemid 46152772)
120. Cree B A, Lamb S, Morgan K et al. An open label study of the effects of rituximab in neuromyelitis optica. Neurology: 2005; 64 1270 1272
121. Jacob A, Weinshenker B G, Violich I et al. Treatment of neuromyelitis optica with rituximab: retrospective analysis of 25 patients. Arch Neurol: 2008; 65 1443 1448
122. Pellkofer H L, Krumbholz M, Berthele A et al. Long-term follow-up of patients with neuromyelitis optica after repeated therapy with rituximab. Neurology: 2011; 76 1310 1315
123. Kim S H, Kim W, Li X F et al. Repeated Treatment With Rituximab Based on the Assessment of Peripheral Circulating Memory B Cells in Patients With Relapsing Neuromyelitis Optica Over 2 Years. Arch Neurol: 2011
124. Bedi G S, Brown A D, Delgado S R et al. Impact of rituximab on relapse rate and disability in neuromyelitis optica. Mult Scler: 2011; 17 1225 1230
125. Tuzun E, Kurtuncu M, Turkoglu R et al. Enhanced complement consumption in neuromyelitis optica and Behcets disease patients. J Neuroimmunol: 2011; 233 211 215
126. Hinson S R, Pittock S J, Lucchinetti C F et al. Pathogenic potential of IgG binding to water channel extracellular domain in neuromyelitis optica. Neurology: 2007; 69 2221 2231 (Pubitemid 350294677)
127. Vincent T, Saikali P, Cayrol R et al. Functional consequences of neuromyelitis optica-IgG astrocyte interactions on blood-brain barrier permeability and granulocyte recruitment. J Immunol: 2008; 181 5730 5737
128. Hinson S R, Roemer S F, Lucchinetti C F et al. Aquaporin-4-binding autoantibodies in patients with neuromyelitis optica impair glutamate transport by down-regulating EAAT2. J Exp Med: 2008; 205 2473 2481
129. Kinoshita M, Nakatsuji Y, Kimura T et al. Anti-aquaporin-4 antibody induces astrocytic cytotoxicity in the absence of CNS antigen-specific T cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun: 2010; 394 205 210
130. Kinoshita M, Nakatsuji Y, Moriya M et al. Astrocytic necrosis is induced by anti-aquaporin-4 antibody-positive serum. Neuroreport: 2009; 20 508 512
131. Hinson S R, McKeon A, Fryer J P et al. Prediction of neuromyelitis optica attack severity by quantitation of complement-mediated injury to aquaporin-4-expressing cells. Arch Neurol: 2009; 66 1164 1167
132. Kinoshita M, Nakatsuji Y, Kimura T et al. Neuromyelitis optica: Passive transfer to rats by human immunoglobulin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun: 2009; 386 623 627
133. Bradl M, Misu T, Takahashi T et al. Neuromyelitis optica: pathogenicity of patient immunoglobulin in vivo. Ann Neurol: 2009; 66 630 643
134. Bennett J L, Lam C, Kalluri S R et al. Intrathecal pathogenic anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies in early neuromyelitis optica. Ann Neurol: 2009; 66 617 629
135. Saadoun S, Waters P, Bell B A et al. Intra-cerebral injection of neuromyelitis optica immunoglobulin G and human complement produces neuromyelitis optica lesions in mice. Brain: 2010; 133 349 361
136. Nishiyama S, Ito T, Misu T et al. A case of NMO seropositive for aquaporin-4 antibody more than 10 years before onset. Neurology: 2009; 72 1960 1961
137. Wingerchuk D M, Weinshenker B G. Neuromyelitis optica. Curr Treat Options Neurol: 2008; 10 55 66 (Pubitemid 351176056)
138. Weinshenker B G, OBrien P C, Petterson T M et al. A randomized trial of plasma exchange in acute central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disease. Ann Neurol: 1999; 46 878 886
139. Magana S M, Keegan B M, Weinshenker B G et al. Beneficial plasma exchange response in central nervous system inflammatory demyelination. Arch Neurol: 2011; 68 870 878
140. Papeix C, Vidal J S, de Seze J et al. Immunosuppressive therapy is more effective than interferon in neuromyelitis optica. Mult Scler: 2007; 13 256 259 (Pubitemid 46592781)
141. Shimizu Y, Yokoyama K, Misu T et al. Development of extensive brain lesions following interferon beta therapy in relapsing neuromyelitis optica and longitudinally extensive myelitis. J Neurol: 2008; 255 305 307
142. Shimizu J, Hatanaka Y, Hasegawa M et al. IFNbeta-1b may severely exacerbate Japanese optic-spinal MS in neuromyelitis optica spectrum. Neurology: 2010; 75 1423 1427
143. Kleiter I, Hellwig K, Berthele A et al. Failure of natalizumab to prevent relapses in neuromyelitis optica. Arch Neurol. 2011; in press
144. Bergamaschi R, Uggetti C, Tonietti S et al. A case of relapsing neuromyelitis optica treated with glatiramer acetate. J Neurol: 2003; 250 359 361 (Pubitemid 36399281)
145. Gartzen K, Limmroth V, Putzki N. Relapsing neuromyelitis optica responsive to glatiramer acetate treatment. Eur J Neurol: 2007; 14 e12 e13 (Pubitemid 46849067)
146. Mandler R N, Ahmed W, Dencoff J E. Devics neuromyelitis optica: a prospective study of seven patients treated with prednisone and azathioprine. Neurology: 1998; 51 1219 1220 (Pubitemid 28473439)
147. Schroder A, Ellrichmann G, Chehab G et al. Rituximab in treatment for neuroimmunological diseases. Nervenarzt: 2009; 80 155 156 158-160, 162-155
148. Weinstock-Guttman B, Ramanathan M, Lincoff N et al. Study of mitoxantrone for the treatment of recurrent neuromyelitis optica (Devic disease). Arch Neurol: 2006; 63 957 963 (Pubitemid 44036296)
149. Kim S H, Kim W, Park M S et al. Efficacy and safety of mitoxantrone in patients with highly relapsing neuromyelitis optica. Arch Neurol: 2011; 68 473 479
150. Jacob A, Matiello M, Weinshenker B G et al. Treatment of neuromyelitis optica with mycophenolate mofetil: retrospective analysis of 24 patients. Arch Neurol: 2009; 66 1128 1133
151. Heerlein K, Jarius S, Jacobi C et al. Aquaporin-4 antibody positive longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis following varicella zoster infection. J Neurol Sci: 2009; 279 184 186
152. Jarius S, Wandinger K P, Borowski K et al. Antibodies to CV2/CRMP5 in neuromyelitis optica-like disease: Case report and review of the literature. Clin Neurol Neurosurg: 2011; doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2011.10.048
153. Naval S, Contreras I, Muoz S et al. Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica: an update. Mult Scler Int: 2011;2011. 472790
154. Jarius S, Wildemann B. Effect of storage conditions and freeze/thaw cycles on aquaporin-4 antibody (NMO-IgG) serum levels. Clin Chem Lab Med: 2011; 10.1515/CCLM.2011.717
155. Jarius S, Paul F P, Martins da Silva A et al. Neuromyelitis optica and longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis following thymectomy for myasthenia gravis. Mult Scler: 2007; 13 PS34
156. Costanzi C, Matiello M, Lucchinetti C F et al. Azathioprine: tolerability, efficacy and predictors of benefit in neuromyelitis optica. Neurology.: 2011; 77 659 666