Azathioprine: Tolerability, efficacy, and predictors of benefit in neuromyelitis optica

Neurology

Volumn 77, Issue 7, 2011, Pages 659-666

  Costanzi, C ^a   Matiello, M ^a   Lucchinetti, C F ^a   Weinshenker, B G ^a   Pittock, S J ^a,b   Mandrekar, J ^a   Thapa, P ^a   McKeon, A ^a,b  

^a Mayo Clinic   (United States)

^b MAYO CLINIC   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AZATHIOPRINE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; PREDNISONE; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTHRALGIA; ARTICLE; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIARRHEA; DISEASE DURATION; DOSE RESPONSE; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY; DRUG MONITORING; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; EXPANDED DISABILITY STATUS SCALE; FEMALE; FEVER; HODGKIN DISEASE; HUMAN; LEUKOPENIA; LIVER DYSFUNCTION; LIVER FUNCTION TEST; LYMPHOMA; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEAN CORPUSCULAR VOLUME; MEDICAL RECORD REVIEW; MYELITIS; MYELOOPTIC NEUROPATHY; NAUSEA; NONHODGKIN LYMPHOMA; OPTIC NEURITIS; PREDICTION; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANK SUM TEST; RASH; RELAPSE; SCHOOL CHILD; SIDE EFFECT; TREATMENT RESPONSE; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; VISUAL ACUITY; FOLLOW UP; MIDDLE AGED; RECURRENT DISEASE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; AZATHIOPRINE; CHILD; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; NEUROMYELITIS OPTICA; RECURRENCE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 80055095675     PISSN: 00283878     EISSN: 1526632X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e31822a2780     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Keegan M, Pineda AA, McClelland RL, Darby CH, Rodriguez M, Weinshenker BG. Plasma exchange for severe attacks of CNS demyelination: predictors of response. Neurology 2002;58:143-146.
2. Weinshenker BG, O'Brien PC, Petterson TM, et al. A randomized trial of plasma exchange in acute central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disease. Ann Neurol 1999;46:878-886.
3. Watanabe S, Nakashima I, Misu T, et al. Therapeutic efficacy of plasma exchange in NMO-IgG-positive patients with neuromyelitis optica. Mult Scler 2007;13:128-132. (Pubitemid 46152772)
4. Wingerchuk DM, Pittock SJ, Lucchinetti CF, Lennon VA, Weinshenker BG. A secondary progressive clinical course is uncommon in neuromyelitis optica. Neurology 2007;68:603-605.
5. Cabre P, Gonzalez-Quevedo A, Bonnan M, et al. Relapsing neuromyelitis optica: long term history and clinical predictors of death. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2009; 80:1162-1164.
6. Lennon VA, Wingerchuk DM, Kryzer TJ, et al. A serum autoantibody marker of neuromyelitis optica: distinction from multiple sclerosis. Lancet 2004;364:2106-2112. (Pubitemid 39626806)
7. Weinshenker BG, Wingerchuk DM, Vukusic S, et al. Neuromyelitis optica IgG predicts relapse after longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis. Ann Neurol 2006;59: 566-569. (Pubitemid 43358081)
8. Petzold A, Pittock S, Lennon V, Maggiore C, Weinshenker BG, Plant GT. Neuromyelitis optica-IgG (aquaporin-4) autoantibodies in immune mediated optic neuritis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2010;81:109-111.
9. Mandler RN, Ahmed W, Dencoff JE. Devic's neuromyelitis optica: a prospective study of seven patients treated with prednisone and azathioprine. Neurology 1998;51:1219-1220. (Pubitemid 28473439)
10. Bichuetti DB, Lobato de Oliveira EM, Oliveira DM, Amorin de Souza N, Gabbai AA. Neuromyelitis optica treatment: analysis of 36 patients. Arch Neurol 2010;67: 1131-1136.
11. Jacob A, Matiello M, Weinshenker BG, et al. Treatment of neuromyelitis optica with mycophenolate mofetil: retrospective analysis of 24 patients. Arch Neurol 2009;66: 1128-1133.
12. Cree BA, Lamb S, Morgan K, Chen A, Waubant E, Genain C. An open label study of the effects of rituximab in neuromyelitis optica. Neurology 2005;64:1270-1272.
13. Jacob A, Weinshenker BG, Violich I, et al. Treatment of neuromyelitis optica with rituximab: retrospective analysis of 25 patients. Arch Neurol 2008;65:1443-1448.
14. Wingerchuk DM, Weinshenker BG. Neuromyelitis optica. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2008;10:55-66. (Pubitemid 351176056)
15. Kurtzke JF. Rating neurologic impairment in multiple sclerosis: an expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Neurology 1983;33:1444-1452. (Pubitemid 14237132)
16. Wingerchuk DM, Hogancamp WF, O'Brien PC, Weinshenker BG. The clinical course of neuromyelitis optica (Devic's syndrome). Neurology 1999;53:1107-1114. (Pubitemid 29442132)
17. Chan KH, Ramsden DB, Yu YL, et al. Neuromyelitis optica-IgG in idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating disorders amongst Hong Kong Chinese. Eur J Neurol 2009; 16:310-316.
18. Modi G, Mochan A, Modi M, Saffer D. Demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system occurring in black South Africans. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2001;70: 500-505. (Pubitemid 32269688)
19. Cabre P, Heinzlef O, Merle H, et al. MS and neuromyelitis optica in Martinique (French West Indies). Neurology 2001;56:507-514. (Pubitemid 32172877)
20. Shimizu J, Hatanaka Y, Hasegawa M, et al. IFNbeta-1b may severely exacerbate Japanese optic-spinal MS in neuromyelitis optica spectrum. Neurology 2010;75:1423-1427.
21. Rayner CK, Hart AL, Hayward CM, Emmanuel AV, Kamm MA. Azathioprine dose escalation in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004;20:65-71. (Pubitemid 38938720)
22. Opelz G, Dohler B. Critical threshold of azathioprine dosage for maintenance immunosuppression in kidney graft recipients: Collaborative Transplant Study. Transplantation 2000;69:818-821. (Pubitemid 30174104)
23. Shah S, Collett D, Johnson R, Raftery M, Rudge C, Yaqoob MM. The effect of mycophenolate mofetil and azathioprine dose on renal allograft outcome in the United Kingdom. Transplantation 2008;86:1035-1042.
24. Witte AS, Cornblath DR, Schatz NJ, Lisak RP. Monitoring azathioprine therapy in myasthenia gravis. Neurology 1986;36:1533-1534. (Pubitemid 17175785)
25. Ford LT, Berg JD. Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) assessment prior to starting thiopurine drug treatment; a pharmacogenomic test whose time has come. J Clin Pathol 2010;63:288-295.
26. Weinshilboum RM, Sladek SL. Mercaptopurine pharmacogenetics: monogenic inheritance of erythrocyte thiopurine methyltransferase activity. Am J Hum Genet 1980;32: 651-662. (Pubitemid 10061685)
27. Sanderson J, Ansari A, Marinaki T, Duley J. Thiopurine methyltransferase: should it be measured before commencing thiopurine drug therapy? Ann Clin Biochem 2004;41: 294-302. (Pubitemid 38954878)
28. Lennard L. TPMT in the treatment of Crohn's disease with azathioprine. Gut 2002;51:143-146. (Pubitemid 34791433)
29. Jones JL, Loftus EV Jr. Lymphoma risk in inflammatory bowel disease: is it the disease or its treatment? Inflamm Bowel Dis 2007;13:1299-1307. (Pubitemid 47597781)
30. Kandiel A, Fraser AG, Korelitz BI, Brensinger C, Lewis JD. Increased risk of lymphoma among inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine. Gut 2005;54:1121-1125. (Pubitemid 41025906)
31. Pitt PI, Sultan AH, Malone M, Andrews V, Hamilton EB. Association between azathioprine therapy and lymphoma in rheumatoid disease. J R Soc Med 1987;80: 428-429. (Pubitemid 17118204)
32. Herrlinger U, Weller M, Dichgans J, Melms A. Association of primary central nervous system lymphoma with long-term azathioprine therapy for myasthenia gravis? Ann Neurol 2000;47:682-683. (Pubitemid 30261911)
33. Pittock SJ, Lennon VA. Aquaporin-4 autoantibodies in a paraneoplastic context. Arch Neurol 2008;65:629-632. (Pubitemid 351679657)
34. Molloy ES, Calabrese LH. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with rheumatic diseases: are patients with systemic lupus erythematosus at particular risk? Autoimmun Rev 2008;8:144-146.
35. O'Neill BP, Vernino S, Dogan A, Giannini C. EBVassociated lymphoproliferative disorder of CNS associated with the use of mycophenolate mofetil. Neuro-oncology 2007;9:364-369. (Pubitemid 47169668)
36. Tsang HH, Trendell-Smith NJ, Wu AK, Mok MY. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the central nervous system in mycophenolate mofetil-treated patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2010;19:330-333.
37. Sellner J, Boggild M, Clanet M, et al. EFNS guidelines on diagnosis and management of neuromyelitis optica. Eur J Neurol 2010;17:1019-1032.