Polymers for fabricating nerve conduits

International Journal of Polymer Science

Volumn 2010, Issue , 2010, Pages

  Wang, Shanfeng ^a   Cai, Lei ^a  

^a University of Tennessee Knoxville   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NATURAL POLYMERS;

BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS; FABRICATION METHOD; INTRINSIC PROPERTY; NERVE REGENERATION; PERIPHERAL NERVE REGENERATION; REGENERATIVE FUNCTIONS; SYNTHETIC POLYMERS; THERMAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES;

FABRICATION;

EID: 84856920479     PISSN: 16879422     EISSN: 16879430     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2010/138686     Document Type: Review

References (151)

1. J. S. Belkas, M. S. Shoichet, and R. Midha, "Peripheral nerve regeneration through guidance tubes," Neurological Research, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 151-160, 2004. (Pubitemid 38419098)
2. J. Noble, C. A. Munro, V. S. S. V. Prasad, and R. Midha, "Analysis of upper and lower extremity peripheral nerve injuries in a population of patients with multiple injuries," Journal of Trauma - Injury, Infection and Critical Care, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 116-122, 1998. (Pubitemid 28335168)
3. R. V. Bellamkonda, "Peripheral nerve regeneration: an opinion on channels, scaffolds and anisotropy," Biomaterials, vol. 27, no. 19, pp. 3515-3518, 2006.
4. G. C. W. de Ruiter, M. J. A. Malessy, M. J. Yaszemski, A. J. Windebank, and R. J. Spinner, "Designing ideal conduits for peripheral nerve repair," Neurosurgical Focus, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 1-9, 2009.
5. V. Chiono, C. Tonda-Turo, and G. Ciardelli, "Artificial scaffolds for peripheral nerve reconstruction," International Review of Neurobiology, vol. 87, pp. 173-198, 2009.
6. G. Ciardelli and V. Chiono, "Materials for peripheral nerve regeneration," Macromolecular Bioscience, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 13-26, 2006.
7. C. E. Schmidt and J. B. Leach, "Neural tissue engineering: strategies for repair and regeneration," Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, vol. 5, pp. 293-347, 2003.
8. R. D. Fields, J.M. Le Beau, F. M. Longo, and M.H. Ellisman, "Nerve regeneration through artificial tubular implants," Progress in Neurobiology, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 87-134, 1989.
9. R. Bellamkonda and P. Aebischer, "Review: tissue engineering in the nervous system," Biotechnology and Bioengineering, vol. 43, no. 7, pp. 543-554, 1994. (Pubitemid 24090701)
10. C. A. Heath and G. E. Rutkowski, "The development of bioartificial nerve grafts for peripheral-nerve regeneration," Trends in Biotechnology, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 163-168, 1998.
11. G. R. D. Evans, "Challenges to nerve regeneration," Seminars in Surgical Oncology, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 312-318, 2000.
12. R. Y. Kannan, H. J. Salacinski, P. E. M. Butler, and A. M. Seifalian, "Artificial nerve conduits in peripheral-nerve repair," Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 193-200, 2005.
13. M. F. Meek and J. H. Coert, "US Food and Drug Administration/ Conformit Europe-approved absorbable nerve conduits for clinical repair of peripheral and cranial nerves," Annals of Plastic Surgery, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 466-472, 2008.
14. S. Ichihara, Y. Inada, and T. Nakamura, "Artificial nerve tubes and their application for repair of peripheral nerve injury: an update of current concepts," Injury, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 29-39, 2008.
15. E. O. Johnson and P. N. Soucacos, "Nerve repair: experimental and clinical evaluation of biodegradable artificial nerve guides," Injury, vol. 39, pp. S30-S36, 2008.
16. L. A. Pfister, M. Papaloïzos, H. P. Merkle, and B. Gander, "Nerve conduits and growth factor delivery in peripheral nerve repair," Journal of the Peripheral Nervous System, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 65-82, 2007. (Pubitemid 46906328)
17. X. Jiang, S. H. Lim, H.-Q. Mao, and S. Y. Chew, "Current applications and future perspectives of artificial nerve conduits," Experimental Neurology, vol. 223, pp. 86-101, 2010.
18. Y.-C. Huang and Y.-Y. Huang, "Biomaterials and strategies for nerve regeneration," Artificial Organs, vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 514-522, 2006.
19. H. M. Geller and J.W. Fawcett, "Building a bridge: engineering spinal cord repair," Experimental Neurology, vol. 174, no. 2, pp. 125-136, 2002. (Pubitemid 34293443)
20. L. N. Novikova, L. N. Novikov, and J.-O. Kellerth, "Biopolymers and biodegradable smart implants for tissue regeneration after spinal cord injury," Current Opinion in Neurology, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 711-715, 2003. (Pubitemid 38429246)
21. N. N. Madigan, S. McMahon, T. O'Brien, M. J. Yaszemski, and A. J. Windebank, "Current tissue engineering and novel therapeutic approaches to axonal regeneration following spinal cord injury using polymer scaffolds," Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology, vol. 169, no. 2, pp. 183-199, 2009.
22. D. R. Nisbet, K. E. Crompton, M. K. Horne, D. I. Finkelstein, and J. S. Forsythe, "Neural tissue engineering of the CNS using hydrogels," Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B, vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 251-263, 2008.
23. H. Yan, F. Zhang, M. B. Chen, and W. C. Lineaweaver, "Conduit luminal additives for peripheral nerve repair," International Review of Neurobiology, vol. 87, pp. 199-225, 2009.
24. M. B. Chen, F. Zhang, and W. C. Lineaweaver, "Luminal fillers in nerve conduits for peripheral nerve repair," Annals of Plastic Surgery, vol. 57, no. 4, pp. 462-471, 2006. (Pubitemid 44450591)
25. W. Wang, S. Itoh, A. Matsuda et al., "Enhanced nerve regeneration through a bilayered chitosan tube: the effect of introduction of glycine spacer into the CYIGSR sequence," Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, vol. 85, no. 4, pp. 919-928, 2008. (Pubitemid 351717961)
26. X. Wang, W. Hu, Y. Cao, J. Yao, J. Wu, and X. Gu, "Dog sciatic nerve regeneration across a 30-mm defect bridged by a chitosan/PGA artificial nerve graft," Brain, vol. 128, no. 8, pp. 1897-1910, 2005. (Pubitemid 41373662)
27. D.-Y.Wang and Y.-Y.Huang, "Fabricate coaxial stacked nerve conduits through soft lithography and molding processes," Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, vol. 85, no. 2, pp. 434-438, 2008.
28. A. Wang, Q. Ao, Y. Wei et al., "Physical properties and biocompatibility of a porous chitosan-based fiber-reinforced conduit for nerve regeneration," Biotechnology Letters, vol. 29, no. 11, pp. 1697-1702, 2007. (Pubitemid 47493548)
29. T. Freier, R. Montenegro, H. S. Koh, and M. S. Shoichet, "Chitin-based tubes for tissue engineering in the nervous system," Biomaterials, vol. 26, no. 22, pp. 4624-4632, 2005. (Pubitemid 40269279)
30. F. Xie, F. L. Qing, B. Gu, K. Liu, and X. S. Guo, "In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a biodegradable chitosan-PLA composite peripheral nerve guide conduit material," Microsurgery, vol. 28, no. 6, pp. 471-479, 2008.
31. L. A. Pfister, M. Papaloïzos, H. P. Merkle, and B. Gander, "Hydrogel nerve conduits produced from alginate/chitosan complexes," Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, vol. 80, no. 4, pp. 932-937, 2007.
32. O. Alluin, C. Wittmann, T. Marqueste et al., "Functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury and implantation of a collagen guide," Biomaterials, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 363-373, 2009.
33. S.-T. Li, S. J. Archibald, C. Krarup, and R. D. Madison, "Peripheral nerve repair with collagen conduits," Clinical Materials, vol. 9, no. 3-4, pp. 195-200, 1992.
34. L. J. Chamberlain, I. V. Yannas, H.-P. Hsu, and M. Spector, "Connective tissue response to tubular implants for peripheral nerve regeneration: the role of myofibroblasts," Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 417, no. 4, pp. 415-430, 2000. (Pubitemid 30080365)
35. B. A. Harley, M. H. Spilker, J. W. Wu et al., "Optimal degradation rate for collagen chambers used for regeneration of peripheral nerves over long gaps," Cells Tissues Organs, vol. 176, no. 1-3, pp. 153-165, 2004.
36. L. Yao, G. C.W. de Ruiter, H. Wang et al., "Controlling dispersion of axonal regeneration using a multichannel collagen nerve conduit," Biomaterials, vol. 31, no. 22, pp. 5789-5797, 2010.
37. H. Okamoto, K.-I. Hata, H. Kagami et al., "Recovery process of sciatic nerve defect with novel bioabsorbable collagen tubes packed with collagen filaments in dogs," Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, vol. 92, no. 3, pp. 859-868, 2010.
38. A. Bozkurt, R. Deumens, C. Beckmann et al., "In vitro cell alignment obtained with a Schwann cell enriched microstructured nerve guide with longitudinal guidance channels," Biomaterials, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 169-179, 2009.
39. A. Bozkurt, G. A. Brook, S. Moellers et al., "In vitro assessment of axonal growth using dorsal root ganglia explants in a novel three-dimensional collagen matrix," Tissue Engineering, vol. 13, no. 12, pp. 2971-2979, 2007. (Pubitemid 350233084)
40. V. Kroehne, I. Heschel, F. Schügner, D. Lasrich, J.W. Bartsch, and H. Jockusch, "Use of a novel collagen matrix with oriented pore structure for muscle cell differentiation in cell culture and in grafts," Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, vol. 12, no. 5A, pp. 1640-1648, 2008.
41. M. R. Ahmed, S. Vairamuthu, MD. Shafiuzama, S. H. Basha, and R. Jayakumar, "Microwave irradiated collagen tubes as a better matrix for peripheral nerve regeneration," Brain Research, vol. 1046, no. 1-2, pp. 55-67, 2005. (Pubitemid 40775874)
42. M. R. Ahmed, U. Venkateshwarlu, and R. Jayakumar, "Multi-layered peptide incorporated collagen tubules for peripheral nerve repair," Biomaterials, vol. 25, no. 13, pp. 2585-2594, 2004. (Pubitemid 38147449)
43. X. Hu, J. Huang, Z. Ye et al., "A novel scaffold with longitudinally oriented microchannels promotes peripheral nerve regeneration," Tissue Engineering Part A, vol. 15, no. 11, pp. 3297-3308, 2009.
44. X. Wang, J. Zhang, H. Chen, and Q. Wang, "Preparation and characterization of collagen-based composite conduit for peripheral nerve regeneration," Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 112, no. 6, pp. 3652-3662, 2009.
45. E. Gámez, Y. Goto, K. Nagata, T. Iwaki, T. Sasaki, and T. Matsuda, "Photofabricated gelatin-based nerve conduits: nerve tissue regeneration potentials," Cell Transplantation, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 549-564, 2004. (Pubitemid 39557434)
46. J.-Y. Chang, T.-Y. Ho, H.-C. Lee et al., "Highly permeable genipin-cross-linked gelatin conduits enhance peripheral nerve regeneration," Artificial Organs, vol. 33, no. 12, pp. 1075-1085, 2009.
47. B.-S. Liu, "Fabrication and evaluation of a biodegradable proanthocyanidin-crosslinked gelatin conduit in peripheral nerve repair," Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, vol. 87, no. 4, pp. 1092-1102, 2008.
48. M.-C. Lu, S.-W. Hsiang, T.-Y. Lai, C.-H. Yao, L.-Y. Lin, and Y.-S. Chen, "Influence of cross-linking degree of a biodegradable genipin-cross-linked gelatin guide on peripheral nerve regeneration," Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, vol. 18, no. 7, pp. 843-863, 2007. (Pubitemid 47184915)
49. Y.-S. Chen, J.-Y. Chang, C.-Y. Cheng, F.-J. Tsai, C.-H. Yao, and B.-S. Liu, "An in vivo evaluation of a biodegradable genipin-cross-linked gelatin peripheral nerve guide conduit material," Biomaterials, vol. 26, no. 18, pp. 3911-3918, 2005. (Pubitemid 40038782)
50. J.-Y. Chang, J.-H. Lin, C.-H. Yao, J.-H. Chen, T.-Y. Lai, and Y.-S. Chen, "In vivo evaluation of a biodegradable EDC/NHS-cross-linked gelatin peripheral nerve guide conduit material," Macromolecular Bioscience, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 500-507, 2007. (Pubitemid 47237527)
51. K. Miyamoto, M. Sasaki, Y. Minamisawa, Y. Kurahashi, H. Kano, and S.-I. Ishikawa, "Evaluation of in vivo biocompatibility and biodegradation of photo-crosslinked hyaluronate hydrogels (HADgels)," Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, vol. 70, no. 4, pp. 550-559, 2004. (Pubitemid 39121880)
52. Y. Sakai, Y. Matsuyama, K. Takahashi et al., "New artificial nerve conduits made with photo-crosslinked hyaluronic acid for peripheral nerve regeneration," Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 191-197, 2007. (Pubitemid 47015809)
53. J. B. Leach and C. E. Schmidt, "Characterization of protein release from photo-crosslinkable hyaluronic acidpolyethylene glycol hydrogel tissue engineering scaffolds," Biomaterials, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 125-135, 2005.
54. K. Jansen, J. F. A. van der Werff, P. B. van Wachem, J.-P. A. Nicolai, L. F. M. H. de Leij, and M. J. A. Van Luyn, "A hyaluronan-based nerve guide: in vitro cytotoxicity, subcutaneous tissue reactions, and degradation in the rat," Biomaterials, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 483-489, 2004. (Pubitemid 37329700)
55. Y. Yang, F. Ding, J. Wu et al., "Development and evaluation of silk fibroin-based nerve grafts used for peripheral nerve regeneration," Biomaterials, vol. 28, no. 36, pp. 5526-5535, 2007. (Pubitemid 47610691)
56. S. Madduri, M. Papaloïzos, and B. Gander, "Trophically and topographically functionalized silk fibroin nerve conduits for guided peripheral nerve regeneration," Biomaterials, vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 2323-2334, 2010.
57. X. Wen and P. A. Tresco, "Effect of filament diameter and extracellular matrix molecule precoating on neurite outgrowth and Schwann cell behavior on multifilament entubulation bridging device in vitro," Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, vol. 76, no. 3, pp. 626-637, 2006.
58. K. W. Broadhead, R. Biran, and P. A. Tresco, "Hollow fiber membrane diffusive permeability regulates encapsulated cell line biomass, proliferation, and small molecule release," Biomaterials, vol. 23, no. 24, pp. 4689-4699, 2002. (Pubitemid 35286690)
59. C.-B. Jenq and R. E. Coggeshall, "Nerve regeneration through holey silicone tubes," Brain Research, vol. 361, no. 1-2, pp. 233-241, 1985. (Pubitemid 16185359)
60. L. R. Williams, "Exogenous fibrin matrix precursors stimulate the temporal progress of nerve regeneration within a silicone chamber," Neurochemical Research, vol. 12, no. 10, pp. 851-860, 1987.
61. J. Cai, X. Peng, K. D. Nelson, R. Eberhart, and G. M. Smith, "Permeable guidance channels containing microfilament scaffolds enhance axon growth and maturation," Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 374-386, 2005. (Pubitemid 41463907)
62. G. Lundborg, L. Dahlin, D. Dohi, M. Kanje, and N. Terada, "A new type of 'bioartificial' nerve graft for bridging extended defects in nerves," Journal of Hand Surgery, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 299-303, 1997. (Pubitemid 27292411)
63. J. B. Phillips, S. C. J. Bunting, S. M. Hall, and R. A. Brown, "Neural tissue engineering: a self-organizing collagen guidance conduit," Tissue Engineering, vol. 11, no. 9-10, pp. 1611-1617, 2005.
64. B. R. Seckel, D. Jones, K. J. Hekimian, K.-K. Wang, D. P. Chakalis, and P. D. Costas, "Hyaluronic acid through a new injectable nerve guide delivery system enhances peripheral nerve regeneration in the rat," Journal of Neuroscience Research, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 318-324, 1995.
65. R. D. Madison, C. da Silva, and P. Dikkes, "Peripheral nerve regeneration with entubulation repair: comparison of biodegradable nerve guides versus polyethylene tubes and the effects of a laminin-containing gel," Experimental Neurology, vol. 95, no. 2, pp. 378-390, 1987. (Pubitemid 17017935)
66. P. D. Dalton, L. Flynn, and M. S. Shoichet, "Manufacture of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) hydrogel tubes for use as nerve guidance channels," Biomaterials, vol. 23, no. 18, pp. 3843-3851, 2002. (Pubitemid 34828158)
67. R. Midha, C. A. Munro, P. D. Dalton, C. H. Tator, and M. S. Shoichet, "Growth factor enhancement of peripheral nerve regeneration through a novel synthetic hydrogel tube," Journal of Neurosurgery, vol. 99, no. 3, pp. 555-565, 2003. (Pubitemid 37040419)
68. A. Piotrowicz and M. S. Shoichet, "Nerve guidance channels as drug delivery vehicles," Biomaterials, vol. 27, no. 9, pp. 2018-2027, 2006. (Pubitemid 41759495)
69. J. S. Belkas, C. A. Munro, M. S. Shoichet, and R. Midha, "Peripheral nerve regeneration through a synthetic hydrogel nerve tube," Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 19-29, 2005. (Pubitemid 40529559)
70. Y. Luo, P. D. Dalton, and M. S. Shoichet, "Investigating the properties of novel poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) hydrogel hollow fiber membranes," Chemistry of Materials, vol. 13, no. 11, pp. 4087-4093, 2001. (Pubitemid 33095425)
71. E. C. Tsai, P. D. Dalton, M. S. Shoichet, and C. H. Tator, "Synthetic hydrogel guidance channels facilitate regeneration of adult rat brainstemmotor axons after complete spinal cord transection," Journal of Neurotrauma, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 789-804, 2004.
72. Y. Katayama, R.Montenegro, T. Freier, R. Midha, J. S. Belkas, and M. S. Shoichet, "Coil-reinforced hydrogel tubes promote nerve regeneration equivalent to that of nerve autografts," Biomaterials, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 505-518, 2006. (Pubitemid 41457253)
73. E. C. Tsai, P. D. Dalton, M. S. Shoichet, and C. H. Tator, "Matrix inclusion within synthetic hydrogel guidance channels improves specific supraspinal and local axonal regeneration after complete spinal cord transection," Biomaterials, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 519-533, 2006.
74. P. M. George, R. Saigal, M. W. Lawlor et al., "Three-dimensional conductive constructs for nerve regeneration," Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, vol. 91, no. 2, pp. 519-527, 2009.
75. G. Verreck, I. Chun, Y. Li et al., "Preparation and physicochemical characterization of biodegradable nerve guides containing the nerve growth agent sabeluzole," Biomaterials, vol. 26, no. 11, pp. 1307-1315, 2005. (Pubitemid 39314505)
76. L. E. Kokai, A. M. Ghaznavi, and K. G. Marra, "Incorporation of double-walled microspheres into polymer nerve guides for the sustained delivery of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor," Biomaterials, vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 2313-2322, 2010.
77. C.-J. Chang, "Effects of nerve growth factor from genipin-crosslinked gelatin in polycaprolactone conduit on peripheral nerve regeneration - in vitro and in vivo," Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, vol. 91, no. 2, pp. 586-596, 2009.
78. C. L. A. M. Vleggeert-Lankamp, G. C. W. de Ruiter, J. F. C. Wolfs et al., "Pores in synthetic nerve conduits are beneficial to regeneration," Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, vol. 80, no. 4, pp. 965-982, 2007.
79. V. Chiono, G. Ciardelli, G. Vozzi et al., "Enzymatically-modified melt-extruded guides for peripheral nerve repair," Engineering in Life Sciences, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 226-237, 2008.
80. M. D. Bender, J. M. Bennett, R. L. Waddell, J. S. Doctor, and K. G. Marra, "Multi-channeled biodegradable polymer/CultiSpher composite nerve guides," Biomaterials, vol. 25, no. 7-8, pp. 1269-1278, 2004.
81. L. Cai and S. Wang, "Poly(ε-caprolactone) acrylates synthesized using a facile method for fabricating networks to achieve controllable physicochemical properties and tunable cell responses," Polymer, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 164-177, 2010.
82. S. Wang, M. J. Yaszemski, J. A. Gruetzmacher, and L. Lu, "Photo-crosslinked poly(ε -caprolactone fumarate) networks: roles of crystallinity and crosslinking density in determining mechanical properties," Polymer, vol. 49, no. 26, pp. 5692-5699, 2008.
83. S. Wang, M. J. Yaszemski, A. M. Knight, J. A. Gruetzmacher, A. J. Windebank, and L. Lu, "Photo-crosslinked poly(ε- caprolactone fumarate) networks for guided peripheral nerve regeneration: material properties and preliminary biological evaluations," Acta Biomaterialia, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 1531-1542, 2009.
84. M. B. Runge, M. Dadsetan, J. Baltrusaitis et al., "The development of electrically conductive polycaprolactone fumarate-polypyrrole composite materials for nerve regeneration," Biomaterials, vol. 31, no. 23, pp. 5916-5926, 2010.
85. S. Wang, Q. Cai, J. Hou et al., "Acceleration effect of basic fibroblast growth factor on the regeneration of peripheral nerve through a 15-mm gap," Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, vol. 66, no. 3, pp. 522-531, 2003. (Pubitemid 37517198)
86. G. E. Rutkowski and C. A. Heath, "Development of a bioartificial nerve graft. II. Nerve regeneration in vitro," Biotechnology Progress, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 373-379, 2002.
87. W. F. A. den Dunnen, B. van der Lei, J. M. Schakenraad et al., "Poly(dl-lactide-ε-caprolactone) nerve guides perform better than autologous nerve grafts," Microsurgery, vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 348-357, 1997.
88. D. Radulescu, S. Dhar, C.M. Young et al., "Tissue engineering scaffolds for nerve regeneration manufactured by ink-jet technology," Materials Science and Engineering C, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 534-539, 2007. (Pubitemid 46281605)
89. A. Yamada, F. Niikura, and K. Ikuta, "A three-dimensional microfabrication system for biodegradable polymers with high resolution and biocompatibility," Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, vol. 18, no. 2, Article ID 025035, 2008.
90. T. Toba, T. Nakamura, Y. Shimizu et al., "Regeneration of canine peroneal nerve with the use of a polyglycolic acid-collagen tube filled with laminin-soaked collagen sponge: a comparative study of collagen sponge and collagen fibers as filling materials for nerve conduits," Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 622-630, 2001. (Pubitemid 33096561)
91. M. Yoshitani, S. Fukuda, S.-I. Itoi et al., "Experimental repair of phrenic nerve using a polyglycolic acid and collagen tube," Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, vol. 133, no. 3, pp. 726-e3, 2007.
92. S. Tanaka, T. Takigawa, S. Ichihara, and T. Nakamura, "Mechanical properties of the bioabsorbable polyglycolic acid-collagen nerve guide tube," Polymer Engineering and Science, vol. 46, no. 10, pp. 1461-1467, 2006. (Pubitemid 44519228)
93. T. Nakamura, Y. Inada, S. Fukuda et al., "Experimental study on the regeneration of peripheral nerve gaps through a polyglycolic acid-collagen (PGA-collagen) tube," Brain Research, vol. 1027, no. 1-2, pp. 18-29, 2004. (Pubitemid 39370991)
94. S. Ichihara, Y. Inada, A. Nakada et al., "Development of new nerve guide tube for repair of long nerve defects," Tissue Engineering Part C, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 387-402, 2009.
95. Y.Wang, G. A. Ameer, B. J. Sheppard, and R. Langer, "A tough biodegradable elastomer," Nature Biotechnology, vol. 20, no. 6, pp. 602-606, 2002.
96. C. A. Sundback, J. Y. Shyu, Y. Wang et al., "Biocompatibility analysis of poly(glycerol sebacate) as a nerve guide material," Biomaterials, vol. 26, no. 27, pp. 5454-5464, 2005. (Pubitemid 40592135)
97. D. F. Kalbermatten, P. J. Kingham, D. Mahay et al., "Fibrin matrix for suspension of regenerative cells in an artificial nerve conduit," Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, vol. 61, no. 6, pp. 669-675, 2008. (Pubitemid 351680445)
98. R. C. Young, G. Terenghi, and M. Wiberg, "Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB): a resorbable conduit for long-gap repair in peripheral nerves," British Journal of Plastic Surgery, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 235-240, 2002. (Pubitemid 34591365)
99. A. Mosahebi, M. Wiberg, and G. Terenghi, "Addition of fibronectin to alginate matrix improves peripheral nerve regeneration in tissue-engineered conduits," Tissue Engineering, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 209-218, 2003. (Pubitemid 36944171)
100. Y.-Z. Bian, Y. Wang, G. Aibaidoula, G.-Q. Chen, and Q. Wu, "Evaluation of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) conduits for peripheral nerve regeneration," Biomaterials, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 217-225, 2009.
101. D. Yucel, G. T. Kose, and V. Hasirci, "Polyester based nerve guidance conduit design," Biomaterials, vol. 31, no. 7, pp. 1596-1603, 2010.
102. S. H. Oh, J. H. Kim, K. S. Song et al., "Peripheral nerve regeneration within an asymmetrically porous PLGA/Pluronic F127 nerve guide conduit," Biomaterials, vol. 29, no. 11, pp. 1601-1609, 2008.
103. S. H. Oh and J. H. Lee, "Fabrication and characterization of hydrophilized porous PLGA nerve guide conduits by a modified immersion precipitation method," Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, vol. 80, no. 3, pp. 530-538, 2007.
104. C.-J. Chang, S.-H. Hsu, H.-J. Yen, H. Chang, and S.-K. Hsu, "Effects of unidirectional permeability in asymmetric poly(DL-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) conduits on peripheral nerve regeneration: an in vitro and in vivo study," Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B, vol. 83, no. 1, pp. 206-215, 2007. (Pubitemid 47463215)
105. C.-J. Chang and S.-H. Hsu, "The effect of high outflow permeability in asymmetric poly(DL-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) conduits for peripheral nerve regeneration," Biomaterials, vol. 27, no. 7, pp. 1035-1042, 2006. (Pubitemid 41566696)
106. X. Wen and P. A. Tresco, "Fabrication and characterization of permeable degradable poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) hollow fiber phase inversion membranes for use as nerve tract guidance channels," Biomaterials, vol. 27, no. 20, pp. 3800-3809, 2006.
107. Z. H. Zhou, X. P. Liu, and L. H. Liu, "Preparation and biocompatibility of poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) scaffold materials for nerve conduits," Designed Monomers and Polymers, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 447-456, 2008.
108. L. He, Y. Zhang, C. Zeng et al., "Manufacture of PLGA multiple-channel conduits with precise hierarchical pore architectures and in vitro/vivo evaluation for spinal cord injury," Tissue Engineering Part C, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 243-255, 2009.
109. G. C. de Ruiter, I. A. Onyeneho, E. T. Liang et al., "Methods for in vitro characterization of multichannel nerve tubes," Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, vol. 84, no. 3, pp. 643-651, 2008.
110. M. J. Moore, J. A. Friedman, E. B. Lewellyn et al., "Multiple- channel scaffolds to promote spinal cord axon regeneration," Biomaterials, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 419-429, 2006.
111. Y. Yang, L. de Laporte, C. B. Rives et al., "Neurotrophin releasing single and multiple lumen nerve conduits," Journal of Controlled Release, vol. 104, no. 3, pp. 433-446, 2005. (Pubitemid 40724940)
112. C. Sundback, T. Hadlock, M. Cheney, and J. Vacanti, "Manufacture of porous polymer nerve conduits by a novel low-pressure injection molding process," Biomaterials, vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 819-830, 2003. (Pubitemid 35449833)
113. T. Hadlock, C. Sundback, D. Hunter, M. Cheney, and J. P. Vacanti, "A polymer foam conduit seeded with Schwann cells promotes guided peripheral nerve regeneration," Tissue Engineering, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 119-127, 2000. (Pubitemid 30227168)
114. M. S. Widmer, P. K. Gupta, L. Lu et al., "Manufacture of porous biodegradable polymer conduits by an extrusion process for guided tissue regeneration," Biomaterials, vol. 19, no. 21, pp. 1945-1955, 1998. (Pubitemid 28528796)
115. T. B. Bini, S. Gao, T. C. Tan et al., "Electrospun poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) biodegradable polymer nanofibre tubes for peripheral nerve regeneration," Nanotechnology, vol. 15, no. 11, pp. 1459-1464, 2004.
116. T. B. Bini, S. Gao, X. Xu, S. Wang, S. Ramakrishna, and K. W. Leong, "Peripheral nerve regeneration by microbraided poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) biodegradable polymer fibers," Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, vol. 68, no. 2, pp. 286-295, 2004. (Pubitemid 38524722)
117. T. Hadlock, J. Elisseeff, R. Langer, J. Vacanti, and M. Cheney, "A tissue-engineered conduit for peripheral nerve repair," Archives of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, vol. 124, no. 10, pp. 1081-1086, 1998. (Pubitemid 28471596)
118. X.-K. Li, S.-X. Cai, B. Liu et al., "Characteristics of PLGA-gelatin complex as potential artificial nerve scaffold," Colloids and Surfaces B, vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 198-203, 2007. (Pubitemid 46660569)
119. K. Nakayama, K. Takakuda, Y. Koyama et al., "Enhancement of peripheral nerve regeneration using bioabsorbable polymer tubes packed with fibrin gel," Artificial Organs, vol. 31, no. 7, pp. 500-508, 2007. (Pubitemid 46961707)
120. M.-C. Lu, Y.-T.Huang, J.-H. Lin et al., "Evaluation of a multi-layer microbraided polylactic acid fiber-reinforced conduit for peripheral nerve regeneration," Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 1175-1180, 2009.
121. G. R. D. Evans, K. Brandt, M. S. Widmer et al., "In vivo evaluation of poly(L-lactic acid) porous conduits for peripheral nerve regeneration," Biomaterials, vol. 20, no. 12, pp. 1109-1115, 1999. (Pubitemid 29229497)
122. G. R. D. Evans, K. Brandt, S. Katz et al., "Bioactive poly(L-lactic acid) conduits seeded with Schwann cells for peripheral nerve regeneration," Biomaterials, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 841-848, 2002. (Pubitemid 33108959)
123. C. F. da Silva, R. Madison, and P. Dikkes, "An in vivo model to quantify motor and sensory peripheral nerve regeneration using bioresorbable nerve guide tubes," Brain Research, vol. 342, no. 2, pp. 307-315, 1985. (Pubitemid 16241909)
124. A. Goraltchouk, T. Freier, and M. S. Shoichet, "Synthesis of degradable poly(L-lactide-co-ethylene glycol) porous tubes by liquid-liquid centrifugal casting for use as nerve guidance channels," Biomaterials, vol. 26, no. 36, pp. 7555-7563, 2005. (Pubitemid 41187555)
125. S. Wang, A. C. A. Wan, X. Xu et al., "A new nerve guide conduit material composed of a biodegradable poly(phosphoester)," Biomaterials, vol. 22, no. 10, pp. 1157-1169, 2001. (Pubitemid 32229940)
126. A. C. A. Wan, H.-Q. Mao, S. Wang, K. W. Leong, L. K. L. L. Ong, and H. Yu, "Fabrication of poly(phosphoester) nerve guides by immersion precipitation and the control of porosity," Biomaterials, vol. 22, no. 10, pp. 1147-1156, 2001. (Pubitemid 32229939)
127. X. Xu, W.-C. Yee, P. Y. K. Hwang et al., "Peripheral nerve regeneration with sustained release of poly(phosphoester) microencapsulated nerve growth factor within nerve guide conduits," Biomaterials, vol. 24, no. 13, pp. 2405-2412, 2003. (Pubitemid 36434060)
128. S. Wang, D. H. Kempen, G. C. W. de Ruiter et al., "Molecularly engineered photo-cross-linkable polymers with controlled physical properties for bone and nerve regeneration," submitted.
129. M. C. Dodla and R. V. Bellamkonda, "Differences between the effect of anisotropic and isotropic laminin and nerve growth factor presenting scaffolds on nerve regeneration across long peripheral nerve gaps," Biomaterials, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 33-46, 2008.
130. Y.-T. Kim, V. K. Haftel, S. Kumar, and R. V. Bellamkonda, "The role of aligned polymer fiber-based constructs in the bridging of long peripheral nerve gaps," Biomaterials, vol. 29, no. 21, pp. 3117-3127, 2008.
131. H. Shen, Y. T. Kim, R. Bellamkonda, and S. Kumar, "Aligned biodegradable poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nano/micro filaments for guided neurite extension," Polymeric Materials Science & Engineering, vol. 94, pp. 768-769, 2006.
132. M. Lietz, A. Ullrich, C. Schulte-Eversum et al., "Physical and biological performance of a novel block copolymer nerve guide," Biotechnology and Bioengineering, vol. 93, no. 1, pp. 99-109, 2006. (Pubitemid 43117063)
133. M. Lietz, L. Dreesmann, M. Hoss, S. Oberhoffner, and B. Schlosshauer, "Neuro tissue engineering of glial nerve guides and the impact of different cell types," Biomaterials, vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 1425-1436, 2006. (Pubitemid 41739568)
134. D. Yin, X. Wang, Y. Yan, and R. Zhang, "Preliminary studies on peripheral nerve regeneration using a new polyurethane conduit," Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 143-159, 2007. (Pubitemid 46446203)
135. T. Cui, Y. Yan, R. Zhang, L. Liu, W. Xu, and X. Wang, "Rapid prototyping of a double-layer polyurethane-collagen conduit for peripheral nerve regeneration," Tissue Engineering Part C, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 1-9, 2009.
136. M. Borkenhagen, R. C. Stoll, P. Neuenschwander, U. W. Suter, and P. Aebischer, "In vivo performance of a new biodegradable polyester urethane system used as a nerve guidance channel," Biomaterials, vol. 19, no. 23, pp. 2155-2165, 1998. (Pubitemid 28550371)
137. S. Wang, L. Lu, J. A. Gruetzmacher, B. L. Currier, and M. J. Yaszemski, "Synthesis and characterizations of biodegradable and cross-linkable poly(ε-caprolactone fumarate), poly(ethylene glycol fumarate), and their amphiphilic copolymer," Biomaterials, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 832-841, 2006. (Pubitemid 41484115)
138. E. Jabbari, S. Wang, L. Lu et al., "Synthesis, material properties, and biocompatibility of a novel self-cross-linkable poly(caprolactone fumarate) as an injectable tissue engineering scaffold," Biomacromolecules, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 2503-2511, 2005. (Pubitemid 41388260)
139. L. Cai and S. Wang, "Elucidating colorization in the functionalization of hydroxyl-containing polymers using unsaturated anhydrides/acyl chlorides in the presence of triethylamine," Biomacromolecules, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 304-307, 2010.
140. S. Wang, D. H. Kempen, N. K. Simha et al., "Photo-crosslinked hybrid polymer networks consisting of poly(propylene fumarate) and poly(caprolactone fumarate): controlled physical properties and regulated bone and nerve cell responses," Biomacromolecules, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 1229-1241, 2008. (Pubitemid 351639577)
141. L. Cai and S. Wang, "Parabolic dependence of material properties and cell behavior on the composition of polymer networks via simultaneously controlling crosslinking density and crystallinity," Biomaterials, vol. 31, pp. 7423-7434, 2010.
142. S. Wang, L. Lu, J. A. Gruetzmacher, B. L. Currier, and M. J. Yaszemski, "A biodegradable and cross-linkable multiblock copolymer consisting of poly(propylene fumarate) and poly(ε-caprolactone): synthesis, characterization, and physical properties," Macromolecules, vol. 38, no. 17, pp. 7358-7370, 2005. (Pubitemid 41305036)
143. D. E. Discher, P. Janmey, and Y.-L. Wang, "Tissue cells feel and respond to the stiffness of their substrate," Science, vol. 310, no. 5751, pp. 1139-1143, 2005. (Pubitemid 41681732)
144. P. C. Georges and P. A. Janmey, "Cell type-specific response to growth on soft materials," Journal of Applied Physiology, vol. 98, no. 4, pp. 1547-1553, 2005.
145. I. Levental, P. C. Georges, and P. A. Janmey, "Soft biological materials and their impact on cell function," Soft Matter, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 299-306, 2007.
146. L. L. Norman, K. Stroka, and H. Aranda-Espinoza, "Guiding axons in the central nervous system: a tissue engineering approach," Tissue Engineering Part B, vol. 15, no. 3, pp. 291-305, 2009.
147. S. Nemir and J. L. West, "Synthetic materials in the study of cell response to substrate rigidity," Annals of Biomedical Engineering, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 2-20, 2009.
148. L. A. Flanagan, Y.-E. Ju, B. Marg, M. Osterfield, and P. A. Janmey, "Neurite branching on deformable substrates," NeuroReport, vol. 13, no. 18, pp. 2411-2415, 2002.
149. P. C. Georges, W. J. Miller, D. F. Meaney, E. S. Sawyer, and P. A. Janmey, "Matrices with compliance comparable to that of brain tissue select neuronal over glial growth in mixed cortical cultures," Biophysical Journal, vol. 90, no. 8, pp. 3012-3018, 2006.
150. A. Kostic, J. Sap, and M. P. Sheetz, "RPTPα is required for rigidity-dependent inhibition of extension and differentiation of hippocampal neurons," Journal of Cell Science, vol. 120, no. 21, pp. 3895-3904, 2007. (Pubitemid 350187370)
151. R. J. Strassman, P. C. Letourneau, and N. K. Wessells, "Elongation of axons in an agar matrix that does not support cell locomotion," Experimental Cell Research, vol. 81, no. 2, pp. 482-487, 1973.