Mechanisms linking traffic-related air pollution and atherosclerosis

Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine

Volumn 18, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 155-160

  Campen, Matthew J ^a   Lund, Amie ^b   Rosenfeld, Michael ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO   (United States)

^b LOVELACE RESPIRATORY RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

atherosclerosis; diesel; particulate matter; pattern recognition receptors; traffic

Indexed keywords

OXIDIZED LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTOR 1; PATTERN RECOGNITION RECEPTOR; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 4;

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CORRELATION COEFFICIENT; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; EXHAUST GAS; HUMAN; IMMUNOMODULATION; INNATE IMMUNITY; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PARTICULATE MATTER; REVIEW;

AIR POLLUTION; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; OXIDATIVE STRESS; UNITED STATES; VEHICLE EMISSIONS;

EID: 84856631721     PISSN: 10705287     EISSN: 15316971     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MCP.0b013e32834f210a     Document Type: Review

References (67)

1. World Health Organization. World Health Report 2002. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2002.
2. Pope CA 3rd, Ezzati M, Dockery DW. Fine-particulate air pollution and life expectancy in the United States. N Engl J Med 2009; 360:376-386.
3. Nawrot TS, Perez L, Kü nzli N, et al. Public health importance of triggers & of myocardial infarction: a comparative risk assessment. Lancet 2011; 377: 732-740.
4. Peters A, Dockery DW, Muller JE, Mittleman MA. Increased particulate air pollution and the triggering of myocardial infarction. Circulation 2001; 103:2810-2815.
5. Hoffmann B, Moebus S, Möhlenkamp S, et al., Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study Investigative Group. Residential exposure to traffic is associated with coronary atherosclerosis. Circulation 2007; 116:489-496. (Pubitemid 47450257)
6. Kunzli N, Jerrett M, Mack WJ, et al. Ambient air pollution and atherosclerosis in Los Angeles. Environ Health Perspect 2005; 113:201-206. (Pubitemid 40326331)
7. Lund AK, Lucero J, Harman M, et al. LOX-1 mediates vascular inflammation ■■ and oxidative injury caused by inhaled vehicular emissions. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2011; 184:82-91.
8. Kampfrath T, Maiseyeu A, Ying Z, et al. Chronic fine particulate matter exposure induces systemic vascular dysfunction via NADPH oxidase and TLR4 pathways. Circ Res 2011; 108:716-726.
9. Kodavanti UP, Thomas R, Ledbetter AD, et al. Vascular and cardiac impairments in rats inhaling ozone and diesel exhaust particles. Environ Health Perspect 2011; 119:312-318.
10. Pope CA III, Burnett RT, Thurston GD, et al. Cardiovascular mortality and long-term exposure to particulate air pollution: epidemiological evidence of general pathophysiological pathways of disease. Circulation 2004; 109:71-77. (Pubitemid 38056024)
11. Dominici F, Peng RD, Bell ML, et al. Fine particulate air pollution and hospital admission for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. JAMA 2006; 295: 1127-1134. (Pubitemid 43352341)
12. Peng RD, Chang HH, Bell ML, et al. Coarse particulate air pollution and hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases among medicare patients. JAMA 2008; 299:2172-2179. (Pubitemid 351679708)
13. Van Hee VC, Adar SD, Szpiro AA, et al. Exposure to traffic and left ventricular mass and function: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 179:827-834.
14. Wellenius GA, Schwartz J, Mittleman MA. Particular air pollution and hospital admissions for congestive heart failure in seven United States cities. Am J Cardiol 2006; 97:404-408. (Pubitemid 43133059)
15. Devlin RB, Ghio AJ, Kehrl H, et al. Elderly humans exposed to concentrated air pollution particles have decreased heart rate variability. Eur Respir J Suppl 2003; 40:76s-80s. (Pubitemid 36565587)
16. Mills NL, Törnqvist H, Gonzales MC, et al. Ischemic and thrombotic effects of dilute diesel-exhaust inhalation in men with coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med 2007; 357:1075-1082. (Pubitemid 47443212)
17. Mills NL, Törnqvist H, Robinson SD, et al. Diesel exhaust inhalation causes vascular dysfunction and impaired endogenous fibrinolysis. Circulation 2005; 112:3930-3936. (Pubitemid 43739491)
18. Lucking AJ, Lundback M, Mills NL, et al. Diesel exhaust inhalation increases thrombus formation in man. Eur Heart J 2008; 29:3043-3051.
19. Törnqvist H, Mills NL, Gonzales M, et al. Persistent endothelial dysfunction in humans after diesel exhaust inhalation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 176:395-400. (Pubitemid 47267474)
20. Lund AK, Lucero J, Lucas S, et al. Vehicular emissions induce vascular MMP-9 expression and activity associated with endothelin-1 mediated pathways. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 29:511-517.
21. Ihling C, Szombathy T, Bohrmann B, et al. Coexpression of endothelin-converting enzyme-1 and endothelin-1 in different stages of human atherosclerosis. Circulation 2001; 104:864-869. (Pubitemid 32778034)
22. Newby AC. Dual role of matrix metalloproteinases (matrixins) in intimal thickening and atherosclerotic plaque rupture. Physiol Rev 2005; 85:1-31. (Pubitemid 40171256)
23. Hayashida K, Kume N, MuraseT, et al. Serum soluble lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 levels are elevated in acute coronary syndrome. A novel marker for early diagnosis. Circulation 2005; 112:812-818. (Pubitemid 41170066)
24. Ishino S, Mukai T, Kume N, et al. Lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1) expression is associated with atherosclerotic plaque instability: analysis in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Atherosclerosis 2007; 95:48-56. (Pubitemid 47561943)
25. Suwa T, Hogg JC, Quinlan KB, et al. Particulate air pollution induces progression of atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 39:935-942. (Pubitemid 34234112)
26. Sun Q, Wang A, Jin X, et al. Long-term air pollution exposure and acceleration of atherosclerosis and vascular inflammation in an animal model. JAMA 2005; 21:3003-3010. (Pubitemid 41817662)
27. -/~ mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2010; 242:310-317.
28. Bai N, Kido T, Suzuki H, et al. Changes in atherosclerotic plaques ■ induced by inhalation of diesel exhaust. Atherosclerosis 2011; 216:299-306.
29. Araujo JA, Barajas B, Kleinman M, et al. Ambient particulate pollutants in the ultrafine range promote early atherosclerosis and systemic oxidative stress. Circ Res 2008; 102:589-596. (Pubitemid 351416760)
30. Lund AK, Knuckles TL, Obat Akata C, et al. Exposure to gasoline exhaust results in alterations of pathways involved in atherosclerosis. Toxicol Sci 2007; 95:485-494. (Pubitemid 46152621)
31. Kataoka H, Kume N, Miyamoto S, et al. Expression of lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 in human atherosclerotic lesions. Circulation 1999; 99:3110-3117. (Pubitemid 29289075)
32. Mehta JL, Chen J, Hermonat PL, et al. Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor (LOX-1): a critical player in the development of atherosclerosis and related disorders. Cardiovasc Res 2006; 69:36-45. (Pubitemid 41814809)
33. Gowdy K, Krantz QT, Daniels M, et al. Modulation of pulmonary inflammatory responses and antimicrobial defenses in mice exposed to diesel exhaust. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2008; 229:310-319.
34. Hiramatsu K, Azuma A, Kudoh S, et al. Inhalation of diesel exhaust for three months affects major cytokine expression and induces bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue formation in murine lungs. Exp Lung Res 2003; 29:607-622. (Pubitemid 37463931)
35. Porter M, Karp M, Killedar S, et al. Diesel-enriched particulate matter functionally activates human dendritic cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2007; 37:706-719. (Pubitemid 350211641)
36. Salvi SS, Nordenhall C, Blomberg A, et al. Acute exposure to diesel exhaust increases IL-8 and GRO-alpha production in healthy human airways. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161:550-557. (Pubitemid 30129466)
37. Shoenfelt J, Mitkus RJ, Zeisler R, et al. Involvement of TLR2 and TLR4 in inflammatory immune responses induced by fine and coarse ambient air particulate matter. J Leukoc Biol 2009; 86:303-312.
38. Miyata R, van Eeden SF. The innate and adaptive immune response induced by alveolar macrophages exposed to ambient particulate matter. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 257:209-226.
39. Xiao N, Yin M, Zhang L, et al. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha deficiency retards early fatty-streak lesion by influencing the expression of inflammatory factors in apoE-null mice. Mol Genet Metab 2009; 96:239-244.
40. Huber SA, Sakkinen P, Conze D, et al. Interleukin-6 exacerbates early atherosclerosis in mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999; 19:2364-2367. (Pubitemid 29477837)
41. Davenport P, Tipping PG. The role of interleukin-4 and interleukin-12 in the progression of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Am J Pathol 2003; 163:1117-1125. (Pubitemid 37040147)
42. Diaz-Sanchez D, Tsien A, Fleming J, Saxon A. Combined diesel exhaust particulate and ragweed allergen challenge markedly enhances human in vivo nasal ragweed-specific IgE and skews cytokine production to a T helper cell 2-type pattern. J Immunol 1997; 158:2406-2413. (Pubitemid 127470028)
43. Samuelsen M, Nygaard UC, Lovik M. Allergy adjuvant effect of particles from wood smoke and road traffic. Toxicology 2008; 246:124-131.
44. Bezemer GF, Bauer SM, Oberdorster G, et al. Activation of pulmonary dendritic cells and Th2-type inflammatory responses on instillation of engineered, environmental diesel emission source or ambient air pollutant particles in vivo. J Innate Immun 2011; 3:150-166.
45. Leonardi GS, Houthuijs D, Steerenberg PA, et al. Immune biomarkers in relation to exposure to particulate matter: a cross-sectional survey in 17 cities of Central Europe. Inhal Toxicol 2000; 12 (Suppl 4):1-14.
46. Nadeau K, McDonald-Hyman C, Noth EM, et al. Ambient air pollution impairs regulatory T-cell function in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 126:845-852.
47. Gotsman I, Gupta R, Lichtman AH. The influence of the regulatory T lymphocytes on atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2007; 27:2493-2495. (Pubitemid 350158897)
48. Gotsman I, Grabie N, Gupta R, et al. Impaired regulatory T-cell response and enhanced atherosclerosis in the absence of inducible costimulatory molecule. Circulation 2006; 114:2047-2055. (Pubitemid 44706881)
49. Brook RD, Rajagopalan S, Pope CA 3rd, et al. Particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease: an update to the scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2010; 121:2331-2378.
50. Jacobs L, Emmerechts J, Hoylaerts MF, et al. Traffic air pollution and oxidized LDL. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16200.
51. Soares SR, Carvalho-Oliveira R, Ramos-Sanchez E, et al. Air pollution and antibodies against modified lipoproteins are associated with atherosclerosis and vascular remodeling in hyperlipemic mice. Atherosclerosis 2009; 207:368-373.
52. Walton KA, Hsieh X, Gharavi N, et al. Receptors involved in the oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine-mediated synthesis of interleukin-8. A role for Toll-like receptor 4 and a glycosylphosphatidylino- sitol-anchored protein. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:29661-29666. (Pubitemid 36962351)
53. Gao D, Ashraf MZ, Kar NS, et al. Structural basis for the recognition of oxidized phospholipids in oxidized low density lipoproteins by class B scavenger receptors CD36 and SR-BI. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:4447-4454.
54. Podrez EA, Hoppe G, O'Neil J, Hoff HF. Phospholipids in oxidized LDL not adducted to apoB are recognized by the CD36 scavenger receptor. Free Radic Biol Med 2003; 34:356-364. (Pubitemid 36120751)
55. Sherer Y, Shoenfeld Y. Antiphospholipid antibodies: are they pro-atherogenic or an epiphenomenon of atherosclerosis? Immunobiology 2003; 207:13-16. (Pubitemid 36285090)
56. de Faire U, Frostegard J. Natural antibodies against phosphorylcholine in cardiovascular disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2009; 1173:292-300.
57. Terzano C, Di Stefano F, Conti V, et al. Air pollution ultrafine particles: toxicity beyond the lung. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2010; 14:809-821.
58. Nemmar A, Hoet PH, Vanquickenborne B, et al. Passage of inhaled particles into the blood circulation in humans. Circulation 2002; 105:411-414. (Pubitemid 34141694)
59. Brook RD, Rajagopalan S. Particulate matter, air pollution, and blood pressure. J Am Soc Hypertens 2009; 3:332-350.
60. Calderon-Garciduenas L, Solt AC, Henriquez-Roldan C, et al. Long-term air pollution exposure is associated with neuroinflammation, an altered innate immune response, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, ultrafine particulate deposition, and accumulation of amyloid beta-42 and alpha-synuclein in children and young adults. Toxicol Pathol 2008; 36:289-310. (Pubitemid 351534490)
61. Baccarelli A, Martinelli I, Pegoraro V, et al. Living near major traffic roads and risk of deep vein thrombosis. Circulation 2009; 119:3118-3124.
62. Sarnat JA, Marmur A, Klein M, et al. Fine particle sources and cardiorespiratory morbidity: an application of chemical mass balance and factor analytical source-apportionment methods. Environ Health Perspect 2008; 116:459-466. (Pubitemid 351864303)
63. Campen MJ, Lund AK, Doyle-Eisele ML, et al. Acomparison of vascular effects from complex and individual air pollutants indicates a role for monoxide gases and volatile hydrocarbons. Environ Health Perspect 2010; 118:921-927.
64. Madden MC, Richards JH, Dailey LA, et al. Effect of ozone on diesel exhaust particle toxicity in rat lung. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2000; 168:140-148.
65. Langrish JP, Lundbäck M, Barath S, et al. Exposure to nitrogen dioxide is not associated with vascular dysfunction in man. Inhal Toxicol 2010; 22:192-198.
66. Mills NL, Robinson SD, Fokkens PH, et al. Exposure to concentrated ambient particles does not affect vascular function in patients with coronary heart disease. Environ Health Perspect 2008; 116:709-715. (Pubitemid 351943924)
67. Lucking AJ, Lundbäck M, Barath SL, et al. Particle traps prevent adverse vascular and prothrombotic effects of diesel engine exhaust inhalation in men. Circulation 2011; 123:1721-1728.