French Children's Awareness of Gender Stereotypes About Mathematics and Reading: When Girls Improve Their Reputation in Math

Sex Roles

Volumn 66, Issue 3-4, 2012, Pages 210-219

  Martinot, Delphine ^a   Bagès, Céline ^a   Désert, Michel ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ CLERMONT AUVERGNE   (France)

Author keywords

Academic abilities; Children; Gender stereotype awareness; Math; Reading

Indexed keywords

EID: 84856527577     PISSN: 03600025     EISSN: 15732762     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11199-011-0032-3     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Ambady, N., Shih, M., Kim, A., & Pittinsky, T. L. (2001). Stereotype susceptibility in children: Effects of identity activation on quantitative performance. Psychological Science, 12, 385-390. doi: 10. 1111/1467-9280. 00371.
2. Andre, T., Whigham, M., Hendrickson, A., & Chambers, S. (1999). Competency beliefs, positive affect, and gender stereotypes of elementary students and their parents about science versus other school subjects. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 36, 719-747. doi: 10. 1002/(SICI)1098-2736(199908.
3. Bouchard, P., St-Amant, J. C., Bouchard, N., & Tondreau, J. (1996). Modèles de sexe et rapports à l'école: guide d'intervention auprès des élèves de troisième secondaire. [Gender models and links to school: a guide to intervene with ninth-grade students.] Montréal: Les Éditions du Remue-ménage.
4. Brown, R. P., & Josephs, R. A. (1999). A burden of proof: Stereotype relevance and gender differences in math performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 246-257. doi: 10. 1037/0022-3514. 76. 2. 246.
5. Brown, R., & Pinel, E. (2003). Stigma on my mind: Individual differences in the experience of stereotype threat. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 39, 626-633. doi: 10. 1016/S0022-1031(03)00039-8.
6. Ceci, S. J., & Williams, W. M. (2011). Understanding current causes of women's underrepresentation in science. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108, 3157-3162. doi: 10. 1073/pnas. 1014871108.
7. Ceci, S. J., Williams, W. M., & Barnett, S. M. (2009). Women's underrepresentation in science: Sociocultural and biological considerations. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 218-261. doi: 10. 1037/a0014412.
8. Chatard, A., Guimond, S., & Selimbegovic, L. (2007). "How good are you in math?" The effect of gender stereotypes on students' recollection of their school marks. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43, 1017-1024. doi: 10. 1016/j. jesp. 2006. 10. 024.
9. Davies, P. G., Spencer, S. J., Quinn, D. M., & Gerhardstein, R. (2002). Consuming images: How television commercials that elicit stereotype threat can restrain women academically and professionally. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28, 1615-1628. doi: 10. 1177/014616702237644.
10. Deaux, K. (1985). Sex and gender. Annual Review of Psychology, 36, 49-81. doi: 10. 1146/annurev. ps. 36. 020185. 000405.
11. Degenne, A. & Giret, J. F. (2004). Genre et données longitudinales. [Gender and longitudinal data.] Cereq, Relief, 4.
12. Désert, M., Préaux, M., & Jund, R. (2009). So young and already victims of stereotype threat: Socio-economic status and performance of 6 to 9 years old children on Raven's progressive matrices. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 24, 207-218. doi: 10. 1007/BF03173012.
13. Else-Quest, N. M., Hyde, J. S., & Linn, M. C. (2010). Cross-national patterns of gender differences in mathematics: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 136, 103-127. doi: 10. 1037/a0018053.
14. EURYDICE. (2010). Différences entre les genres en matière de réussite scolaire: étude sur les mesures prises et la situation actuelle en Europe [Gender differences in academic achievement: A study on the measures that have been taken and the current situation in Europe], Réseau Eurydice. Retrieved from http://eacea. ec. europa. eu/education/eurydice/index_fr. php.
15. Fize, M. (2003). Les pièges de la mixité scolaire [Pitfalls of coeducation]. Paris: Presses de la Renaissance.
16. Guimond, S., & Roussel, L. (2001). Bragging about one's school grades: Gender stereotyping and students' perception of their abilities in science, mathematics and language. Social Psychology of Education, 4, 275-293. doi: 10. 1023/A: 1011332704215.
17. Hargreaves, M., Homer, M., & Swinnerton, B. (2008). Comparison of performance and attitudes in mathematics amongst the "gifted". Are boys better at mathematics or do they just think they are? Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 15, 19-38. doi: 10. 1080/09695940701876037.
18. Huguet, P., & Régner, I. (2007). Stereotype threat among schoolgirls in quasi-ordinary classroom circumstances. Journal of Educational Psychology, 99, 545-560. doi: 10. 1037/0022-0663. 99. 3. 545.
19. Hyde, J. S., & Linn, M. C. (1988). Gender differences in verbal ability: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 104, 53-69. doi: 10. 1037/0033-2909. 104. 1. 53.
20. Hyde, J. S., Lindberg, S. M., Linn, M. C., Ellis, A., & Williams, C. (2008). Gender similarities characterize math performance. Science, 321, 494-495. doi: 10. 1126/science. 1160364.
21. Jost, J. T., & Banaji, M. R. (1994). The role of stereotyping in system-justification and the production of false consciousness. British Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 1-27.
22. Jost, J. T., & Kay, A. C. (2005). Exposure to benevolent sexism and complementary gender stereotypes: Consequences for specific and diffuse forms of system justification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 498-509. doi: 10. 1037/0022-3514. 88. 3. 498.
23. Jost, J. T., Banaji, M. R., & Nosek, B. A. (2004). A decade of system justification theory: Accumulated evidence of conscious and unconscious bolstering of the status quo. Political Psychology, 25, 881-919. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1467-9221. 2004. 00402. x.
24. Keller, C. (2001). Effect of teachers' stereotyping on students' stereotyping of mathematics as a male domain. The Journal of Social Psychology, 141, 165-173. doi: 10. 1080/00224540109600544.
25. Keller, J., & Dauenheimer, D. (2003). Stereotype threat in the classroom: Dejection mediates the disrupting threat effect on women's math performance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 371-381. doi: 10. 1177/0146167202250218.
26. Keller, J. (2002). Blatant stereotype threat and women's math performance: Self-handicapping as a strategic means to cope with obtrusive negative performance expectations. Sex Roles, 47, 193-198. doi: 10. 1023/A: 1021003307511.
27. Kiefer, A., & Shih, M. (2006). Gender differences in persistence and attributions in stereotype relevant contexts. Sex Roles, 54, 859-868. doi: 10. 1007/s11199-006-9051-x.
28. Kurtz-Costes, B., Rowley, S. J., Harris-Britt, A., & Woods, T. A. (2008). Gender stereotypes about mathematics and science and self-perceptions of ability in late childhood and early adolescence. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 54, 386-409. doi: 10. 1353/mpq. 0. 0001.
29. Maccoby, E. E. (1990). Gender and relationships: A developmental account. American Psychologist, 45, 513-520. doi: 10. 1037/0003-066X. 45. 4. 513.
30. Maccoby, E. E., & Jacklin, C. N. (1987). Gender segregation in childhood. In H. W. Reese (Ed.), Advances in child development and behavior (Vol. 20, pp. 239-288). New York: Academic Press.
31. Martinot, D., & Désert, M. (2007). Awareness of gender stereotype, personal beliefs and self-perceptions regarding math ability: When boys do not surpass girls. Social Psychology of Education, 10, 455-471. doi: 10. 1007/s11218-007-9028-9.
32. Muzzati, B., & Agnoli, F. (2007). Gender and mathematics: Attitudes and stereotype threat susceptibility in Italian children. Developmental Psychology, 43, 747-759. doi: 10. 1037/0012-1649. 43. 3. 747.
33. PISA Programme for International Student Assessment. (2006 and 2009). Retrieved from http://www. pisa. oecd. org.
34. Pomerantz, E. M., Altermatt, E. R., & Saxon, J. L. (2002). Making the grade but feeling distressed: Gender differences in academic performance and internal distress. Journal of Educational Psychology, 94, 396-404. doi: 10. 1037/0022-0663. 94. 2. 396.
35. Räty, H., & Kasanen, K. (2007). Gendered views of ability in parents' perceptions of their children's academic competencies. Sex Roles, 56, 117-124. doi: 10. 1007/s11199-006-9153-5.
36. Räty, H., Vänskä, J., Kasanen, K., & Kärkkäinen, R. (2002). Parent's explanations of their child's performance in mathematics and reading: A replication and extension of Yee and Eccles. Sex roles, 46, 121-128. doi: 10. 1023/A: 1016573627828.
37. Rosenwald, F. (2006). Filles et garçons dans le système éducatif depuis vingt ans [Girls and boys in the educational system for the last twenty years]. Données Sociales-La société française, Insee, 87-94.
38. Schmader, T., & Johns, M. (2003). Converging evidence that stereotype threat reduces working memory capacity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 440-452. doi: 10. 1037/0022-3514. 85. 3. 440.
39. Schmader, T., Johns, M., & Barquissau, M. (2004). The costs of accepting gender differences: The role of stereotype endorsement in women's experience in the math domain. Sex Roles, 50, 835-850. doi: 10. 1023/B: SERS. 0000029101. 74557. a0.
40. Smith, J. L., & Johnson, C. S. (2006). A stereotype boost or choking under pressure? Positive gender stereotypes and men who are low in domain identification. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 28, 51-63. doi: 10. 1207/s15324834basp2801_5.
41. Sommers, C. H. (The war against boys). Atlantic Monthly, 285, 59-70.
42. Spencer, S., Steele, C. M., & Quinn, D. M. (1999). Stereotype threat and women's math performance. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35, 4-28. doi: 10. 1006/jesp. 1998. 1373.
43. Steele, J. (2003). Children's gender stereotypes about math: The role of stereotype stratification. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 33, 2587-2606. doi: 10. 1111/j. 1559-1816. 2003. tb02782. x.
44. Swim, J. K. (1994). Perceived versus meta-analytic effect sizes: An assessment of the accuracy of gender stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 21-36. doi: 10. 1037/0022-3514. 66. 1. 21.
45. Walsh, M., Hickey, C., & Duffy, J. (1999). Influence of item content and stereotype situation on gender differences in mathematical problem solving. Sex Roles, 41, 219-240. doi: 10. 1023/A: 1018854212358.
46. Yee, M., & Brown, R. (1994). The development of gender diffenrentiation in young children. British Journal of Social Psychology, 33, 183-196.