Groundwork for a Jurisprudence of Criminal Procedure

Philosophical Foundations of Criminal Law

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages

  Roberts, Paul ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Criminal evidence; Criminal law theory; Doctrinalconceptualist approach; Epistemological approach; Evidence law theory; Institutional approach; Normative approach

Indexed keywords

EID: 84855230526     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199559152.003.0017     Document Type: Chapter

References (121)

1. GP Fletcher, (ed) New Voices in Criminal Theory (1998) 1 Buffalo Criminal Law Review Special Issue.
2. S Shute, J Gardner, and J Horder, (eds) Action and Value in Criminal Law (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993);
3. AP Simester and ATH Smith, (eds) Harm and Culpability (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996);
4. S Shute and AP Simester, (eds) Criminal Law Theory (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002);
5. V Tadros, Criminal Responsibility (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005);
6. J Gardner, Offences and Defences (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007).
7. N Lacey, 'Historicising Criminalisation: Conceptual and Empirical Issues' (2009) 72 MLR 936;
8. D Husak, Overcriminalization (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008);
9. AP Simester (ed), Appraising Strict Liability (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005).
10. J Feinberg, The Moral Limits of the Criminal Law, vols I-IV (New York: Oxford University Press, 1984-8).
11. HLA Hart, Punishment and Responsibility (2nd edn, Gardner ed; New York: Oxford University Press, 2008).
12. A von Hirsch and AP Simester (eds), Incivilities: Regulating Offensive Behaviour (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2006);
13. A von Hirsch and A Ashworth, Proportionate Sentencing (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005);
14. A von Hirsch et al (eds), Restorative Justice and Criminal Justice (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2003);
15. A von Hirsch, Censure and Sanctions (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993).
16. RA Duff, Answering for Crime: Responsibility and Liability in the Criminal Law (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2007);
17. RA Duff et al, The Trial on Trial Volume Three: Towards a Normative Theory of the Criminal Trial (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2007);
18. RA Duff, Punishment, Communication and Community (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001).
19. Also see D Husak, The Philosophy of Criminal Law (Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press, 2010);
20. MS Moore, Placing Blame (Oxford/New York: Oxford University Press, 1997).
21. RJ Allen, 'Structuring Jury Decisionmaking in Criminal Cases: A Unified Constitutional Approach to Evidentiary Devices' (1980) 94 Harvard Law Review 321;
22. P Roberts, 'Strict Liability and the Presumption of Innocence: An Exposé of Functionalist Assumptions', in Simester (ed), Appraising Strict Liability.
23. P Roberts and A Zuckerman, Criminal Evidence (2nd edn; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010)
24. JF Nijboer, 'Common Law Tradition in Evidence Scholarship Observed from a Continental Perspective' (1993) 41 American Journal of Comparative Law 299.
25. Cf P Roberts and M Redmayne (eds), Innovations in Evidence and Proof (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2007).
26. Roberts and Zuckerman, Criminal Evidence, § 4.4.
27. JB Thayer, A Preliminary Treatise on Evidence at the Common Law (Boston: Little, Brown & Co, 1898), 265, 271.
28. Cf E Swift, 'One Hundred Years of Evidence Law Reform: Thayer's Triumph' (2000) 88 California Law Review 2437, 2440.
29. W Twining, Theories of Evidence: Bentham & Wigmore (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1985), 164.
30. Andrew L-T Choo, 'The Notion of Relevance and Defence Evidence' [1993] Criminal Law Review 114;
31. M Redmayne, 'Analysing Evidence Case Law', in Roberts and Redmayne (eds), Innovations in Evidence and Proof.
32. See Roberts and Zuckerman, Criminal Evidence, §4.7.
33. EM Morgan, 'Presumptions' (1937) 12 Washington Law Review 255
34. Cf R Pattenden, 'Pre-verdict Judicial Fact-finding in Criminal Trials with Juries' (2009) 29 OJLS 1.
35. W Twining, 'Taking Facts Seriously', in N Gold (ed), Essays on Legal Education (Toronto: Butterworths, 1982);
36. W Twining, 'Taking Facts Seriously-Again', in Roberts and Redmayne (eds), Innovations in Evidence and Proof.
37. Twining, Theories of Evidence, 177.
38. W Twining, Rethinking Evidence (Oxford: Blackwell, 1990; 2nd edn, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006).
39. See LH Tribe, 'Trial by Mathematics: Precision and Ritual in the Legal Process' (1971) 84 Harvard Law Review 1329.
40. R Lempert, 'The New Evidence Scholarship: Analyzing the Process of Proof' (1986) 66 Boston University Law Review 439.
41. P Donnelly, 'Approximation, Comparison, and Bayesian Reasoning in Juridical Proof' (1997) 1 E & P 304;
42. RD Friedman, 'Towards a (Bayesian) Convergence?' (1997) 1 E & P 348;
43. B Robertson and GA Vignaux, Interpreting Evidence (Chicester: Wiley, 1995);
44. RO Lempert, 'Modeling Relevance' (1977) 75 Michigan Law Review 1021.
45. P Roberts, 'From Theory into Practice: Introducing the Reference Class Problem' (2007) 11 E & P 243.
46. M Redmayne, 'Standards of Proof in Civil Litigation' (1999) 62 MLR 167.
47. MJ Saks and JJ Koehler, 'The Coming Paradigm Shift in Forensic Identification Science' (2005) 309 Science 892;
48. National Research Council, The Evaluation of Forensic DNA Evidence (NAP, 1996), 25-30 and ch 4;
49. R Lempert, 'Some Caveats Concerning DNA as Criminal Identification Evidence: With Thanks to the Reverend Bayes' (1991) 13 Cardozo Law Review 303.
50. RJ Allen and MS Pardo, 'The Problematic Value of Mathematical Models of Evidence' (2007) 36 Journal of Legal Studies 107;
51. RJ Allen, 'The Nature of Juridical Proof' (1991) 13 Cardozo Law Review 373.
52. A Stein, 'Judicial Fact-finding and the Bayesian Method: The Case for Deeper Scepticism about their Combination' (1996) 1 E & P 25;
53. D Hodgson, 'Probability: The Logic of the Law-A Response' (1995) 15 OJLS 51;
54. CR Callen, 'Notes on a Grand Illusion: Some Limits on the Use of Bayesian Theory in Evidence Law' (1982) 57 Indiana Law Journal 1.
55. JA Michon, 'The Time Has Come to Put this Debate Aside and Move on to Other Matters' (1997) 1 E & P 331;
56. Friedman, 'Towards a (Bayesian) Convergence?'.
57. RA Wise et al, 'How to Analyze the Accuracy of Eyewitness Testimony in a Criminal Case' (2009) 42 Connecticut Law Review 435;
58. T Valentine, 'Forensic Facial Identification', in A Heaton-Armstrong, E Shepherd, G Gudjonsson, and D Wolchover (eds), Witness Testimony (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006).
59. SM Kassin et al, 'Police-induced Confessions: Risk Factors and Recommendations' (2010) 34 Law & Human Behavior 3;
60. GH Gudjonsson, 'The Psychological Vulnerablities of Witnesses and the Risk of False Accusations and False Confessions', in Heaton-Armstrong et al (eds), Witness Testimony.
61. JA Blumenthal, 'A Wipe of the Hands, A Lick of the Lips: The Validity of Demeanor Evidence in Assessing Witness Credibility' (1993) 72 Nebraska Law Review 1157;
62. OG Wellborn III, 'Demeanor' (1991) 76 Cornell Law Review 1075.
63. PACE Code D, Code of Practice for the Identification of Persons by Police Officers (2008 edition), #http://www.police.homeoffice.gov.uk/operational-policing/powers-pace-codes/#.
64. CJS, Achieving Best Evidence in Criminal Proceedings: Guidance on Interviewing Victims and Witnesses, and Using Special Measures (2007 revision), #http://www.cps.gov.uk/publications/docs/achieving_best_evidence:final.pdf#.
65. Generally, see J McEwan, 'Reasoning, Relevance and Law Reform: The Influence of Empirical Research on Criminal Adjudication', in Roberts and Redmayne (eds), Innovations in Evidence and Proof.
66. See eg L Ellison and VE Munro, 'Reacting to Rape: Exploring Mock Jurors' Assessments of Complainant Credibility' (2009) 49 British Journal of Criminology 202.
67. AI Goldman, Knowledge in A Social World (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999).
68. S Haack, 'Epistemology Legalized: Or, Truth, Justice, and the American Way' (2004) 49 American Journal of Jurisprudence 43;
69. S Haack, 'Of Truth, in Science and in Law' (2008) 73 Brooklyn Law Review 985.
70. L Laudan, Truth, Error and Criminal Law: An Essay in Legal Epistemology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006).
71. See eg MS Pardo and RJ Allen, 'Juridical Proof and the Best Explanation' (2008) 27 Law and Philosophy 223;
72. Hock Lai Ho, A Philosophy of Evidence Law-Justice in the Search for Truth (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008);
73. R Allen and P Roberts (eds), Special Issue on the Reference Class Problem (2007) 11(4) E & P 243-317;
74. MS Pardo, 'The Field of Evidence and the Field of Knowledge' (2005) 24 Law and Philosophy 321.
75. A recent innovation in England and Wales: see P Roberts and C Saunders, 'Introducing Pre-Trial Witness Interviews-A Flexible New Fixture in the Crown Prosecutor's Toolkit' [2008] Criminal Law Review 831.
76. Cf M McConville, A Sanders, and R Leng, The Case for the Prosecution (London: Routledge, 1991);
77. P Roberts, 'Science in the Criminal Process' (1994) 14 OJLS 469;
78. A Sanders, 'Constructing the Case for the Prosecution' (1987) 14 Journal of Law and Society 229.
79. T Anderson, D Schum, and W Twining, Analysis of Evidence (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005), chs 5 and 7.
80. HL Packer, 'Two Models of the Criminal Process' (1964) 113 University of Pennsylvania Law Review 1.
81. For recent critical discussion, see S Macdonald, 'Constructing A Framework for Criminal Justice Research: Learning from Packer's Mistakes' (2008) 11 New Criminal Law Review 257;
82. P Roberts, 'Criminal Justice Goes Global' (2008) 28 OJLS 369, 377-9.
83. MR Damaška, The Faces of Justice and State Authority (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1986).
84. See P Roberts, 'Faces of Justice Adrift? Damaska's Comparative Method and the Future of Common Law Evidence', in J Jackson, M Langer, and P Tillers (eds), Crime, Procedure and Evidence in A Comparative and International Context (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2008);
85. I Markovits, 'Playing the Opposites Game: On Mirjan Damaška's The Faces of Justice and State Authority' (1989) 41 Stanford Law Review 1313.
86. Roberts and Zuckerman, Criminal Evidence, § 15.3. (66)
87. P Darbyshire, 'Previous Misconduct and Magistrates' Courts-Some Tales from the Real World' [1997] Criminal Law Review 105.
88. Harold Garfinkel, 'Conditions of Successful Degradation Ceremonies' (1956) 61 American Journal of Sociology 420
89. The Sociology of Deviance: An Obituary (Buckingham: Open University Press, 1994), 182-3.
90. Z Bauman, Modernity and the Holocaust (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1989).
91. See the Ministry of Justice's website, #http://www.justice.gov.uk/criminal/procrules_fin#.
92. The CrimPR should be read alongside the Consolidated Criminal Practice Direction (also reproduced on the Ministry of Justice website), the Specimen Directions and Crown Court Bench Book (2010) issued by the Judicial Studies Board at #http://www.jsboard.co.uk/criminal_law/cbb/index.htm#, and a dense thicket of statutory provisions and case-law precedents.
93. Cf Roberts and Zuckerman, Criminal Evidence, § 1.3 ('five foundational principles').
94. B Emmerson, A Ashworth, and A Macdonald, Human Rights and Criminal Justice (2nd edn; London: Sweet & Maxwell, 2007);
95. AL-T Choo and S Nash, 'Evidence Law in England and Wales: The Impact of the Human Rights Act 1998' (2003) 7 E & P 31;
96. P Roberts, 'Drug Dealing and the Presumption of Innocence: The Human Rights Act (Almost) Bites' (2002) 6 E & P 17.
97. A Stein, 'Constitutional Evidence Law' (2008) 61 Vanderbilt Law Review 65;
98. AR Amar, The Constitution and Criminal Procedure: First Principles (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1997):
99. CS Steiker, '"First Principles" of Constitutional Criminal Procedure: A Mistake?' (1999) 112 Harvard Law Review 680;
100. D Dripps 'Akhil Amar on Criminal Procedure and Constitutional Law: "Here I Go Down that Wrong Road Again"' (1996) 74 North Carolina Law Review 1559.
101. See eg D Giannoulopoulos, 'The Exclusion of Improperly Obtained Evidence in Greece: Putting Constitutional Rights First' (2007) 11 E & P 181;
102. M Panzavolta, 'Reforms and Counter-reforms in the Italian Struggle for an Accusatorial Criminal Law System' (2005) 30 North Carolina Journal of International Law and Commercial Regulation 577.
103. see P Roberts, 'Criminal Procedure, the Presumption of Innocence and Judicial Reasoning under the Human Rights Act', in H Fenwick, G Phillipson, and R Masterman (eds), Judicial Reasoning under the UK Human Rights Act (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007).
104. V Tadros and S Tierney, 'The Presumption of Innocence and the Human Rights Act' (2004) 67 MLR 402;
105. V Tadros, 'Rethinking the Presumption of Innocence' (2007) 1 Criminal Law & Philosophy 193;
106. D Hamer, 'The Presumption of Innocence and Reverse Burdens: A Balancing Act' (2007) 66 CLJ 143;
107. P Roberts 'The Presumption of Innocence Brought Home? Kebilene Deconstructed' (2002) 117 LQR 40.
108. M Redmayne, 'Rethinking the Privilege Against Self-Incrimination' (2007) 27 OJLS 209.
109. Roberts and Zuckerman, Criminal Evidence, § 5.3.
110. P Roberts, 'Theorising Procedural Tradition: Subjects, Objects and Values in Criminal Adjudication', in RA Duff, L Farmer, S Marshall, and V Tadros (eds), The Trial on Trial Volume Two: Judgment and Calling to Account (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2006).
111. RA Duff, L Farmer, S Marshall, and V Tadros (eds), The Trial on Trial, vols 1-3 (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2004-7).
112. Ho, A Philosophy of Evidence Law.
113. A Stein, Foundations of Evidence Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005).
114. JH Wigmore, A Treatise on the System of Evidence in Trials at Common Law (Boston, Little, Brown & Co, 1904), §§ 11, 1171 and 2175.
115. Stein, Foundations of Evidence Law, 1.
116. And see Duff, Answering for Crime.
117. Duff et al, The Trial on Trial-Volume Three, 89.
118. Ho, A Philosophy of Evidence Law, 340.
119. Duff et al, The Trial on Trial-Volume Three, ch 1;
120. Duff et al, 'Introduction: Towards a Normative Theory of the Criminal Trial', in The Trial on Trial Volume One: Truth and Due Process (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 2004).
121. Duff et al, The Trial on Trial-Volume Three, 219.