The application of Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy for the study of diseased central nervous system tissue

NeuroImage

Volumn 59, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 3624-3640

  Caine, Sally ^a   Heraud, Philip ^a   Tobin, Mark J ^b   McNaughton, Donald ^a   Bernard, Claude C A ^a  

^a MONASH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b AUSTRALIAN SYNCHROTRON   (Australia)

Author keywords

Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy; Multivariate analysis; Neurodegenerative diseases; Protein secondary structure; Synchrotron

Indexed keywords

AMYLOID PRECURSOR PROTEIN;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; AMYLOID PLAQUE; ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK; BIOCHEMISTRY; BIOINFORMATICS; BRAIN CANCER; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; DEGENERATIVE DISEASE; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE MODEL; HUMAN; INFRARED MICROSPECTROSCOPY; INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; MEDICAL RESEARCH; MENINGIOMA; METHODOLOGY; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NERVE CELL; NONHUMAN; PARKINSON DISEASE; PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRION DISEASE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN SECONDARY STRUCTURE; REVIEW; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SPECTROSCOPY;

HUMANS; NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES; SPECTROSCOPY, FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED;

EID: 84855183237     PISSN: 10538119     EISSN: 10959572     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.11.033     Document Type: Review

References (172)

1. Aguzzi A., Calella A.M. Prions: protein aggregation and infectious diseases. Physiol. Rev. 2009, 89:1105-1152.
2. Ali K., Lu Y., Christensen C., May T., Hyett C., Griebel R., Fourney D., Meguro K., Resch L., Sharkma R.K. Fourier transform infrared spectromicroscopy and hierarchical cluster analysis of human meningiomas. Int. J. Mol. Med. 2008, 21:297-301.
3. Amharref N., Beljebbar A., Dukic S., Venteo L., Schneider L., Pluot M., Vistelle R., Manfait M. Brain tissue characterisation by infrared imaging in a rat glioma model. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2006, 1758:892-899.
4. Antonini A. Imaging for early differential diagnosis of parkinsonism. Lancet 2010, 9:130-131.
5. Argov S., Ramesh J., Salman A., SineInikov I., Goldstein J., Guterman H., Mordechai S. Diagnostic potential of Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy and advanced computational methods in colon cancer patients. J. Biomed. Opt. 2002, 7:248-254.
6. Aydin O., Altas M., Kahraman M., Bayrak O.F., Culha M. Differentiation of healthy brain tissue and tumors using surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Appl. Spectrosc. 2009, 63:1095-1100.
7. Baker M.J., Gazi E., Brown M.D., Shanks J.H., Gardner P., Clarke N.W. FTIR-based spectroscopic analysis in the identification of clinically aggressive prostate cancer. Br. J. Cancer 2008, 99:1859-1866.
8. Baker M.J., Gazi E., Brown M.D., Shanks J.H., Clarke N.W., Gardner P. Investigating FTIR based histopathology for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. J. Biophotonics 2009, 2:104-113.
9. Bambery K.R., Wood B.R., Quinn M.A., McNaughton D. Fourier transform infrared imaging and unsupervised hierarchical clustering applied to cervical biopsies. Aust. J. Chem. 2004, 57:1139-1143.
10. Bambery K.R., Schültke E., Wood B.R., MacDonald S.T.R., Ataelmannan K., Griebel R.W., Juurlink B.H.J., McNaughton D. A Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopic imaging investigation into an animal model exhibiting glioblastoma multiforne. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2006, 1758:900-907.
11. Barnard A.L., Chidgey A.P., Bernard C.C., Boyd R.L. Androgen depletion increases the efficacy of bone marrow transplantation in ameliorating experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Blood 2009, 113:204-213.
12. Barnett M.H., Henderson A.P.D., Prineas J.W. The macrophage in MS: just a scavenger after all? Pathology and pathogenesis of the acute MS lesion. Mult. Scler. 2006, 12:121-132.
13. Bassan P., Byrne H.J., Bonnier F., Lee J., Dumas P., Gardner P. Resonant Mie Scattering in infrared spectroscopy of biological materials - understanding the 'dispersion artefact'. Analyst 2009, 134:1586-1593.
14. Bassan P., Kohler A., Martens H., Lee J., Byrne H.J., Dumas P., Gazi E., Brown M., Clarke N.W., Gardner P. Resonant Mie Scattering (RMieS) correction of infrared spectra from highly scattering biological samples. Analyst 2010, 135:268-277.
15. Beekes M., Lasch P., Naumann D. Analytical applications of Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy in microbiology and prion research. Vet. Microbiol. 2007, 123:305-319.
16. Behin A., Hoang-Xuan K., Carpentier A.F., Delattre J.-Y. Primary brain tumours in adults. Lancet 2003, 361:323-331.
17. Beleites C., Steiner G., Sowa M.G., Baumgartner R., Sobottka S., Schackert G., Salzer R. Classification of human gliomas by infrared imaging spectroscopy and chemometric image processing. Vib. Spectrosc. 2005, 38:143-149.
18. Beljebbar A., Amharref N., Lévéques A., Dukic S., Venteo L., Schneider L., Pluot M., Manfait M. Modeling and quantifying biochemical changes in C6 tumor gliomas by Fourier transform infrared imaging. Anal. Chem. 2008, 80:8406-8415.
19. Bhargava R. Towards a practical Fourier transform infrared chemical imaging protocol for cancer histopathology. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2007, 389:1155-1169.
20. Spectrochemical Analysis Using Infrared Multichannel Detectors 2005, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK. R. Bhargava, I.W. Levin (Eds.).
21. Blennow K., Leon M.J.d., Zetterberg H. Alzheimer's disease. Lancet 2006, 368:387-403.
22. Blout E.R., Mellors R.C. Infrared spectra of tissues. Science 1949, 110:137-138.
23. Burch D., Sheerin F. Parkinson's disease. Lancet 2005, 365:622-627.
24. Butowski N.A., Chang S.M. Glial tumors: the current state of scientific knowledge. Clin. Neurol. 2006, 53:106-113.
25. Byler D.M., Susi H. Examination of the secondary structure of proteins by deconvolved FTIR spectra. Biopolymers 1986, 25:469-487.
26. Cai S., Singh B.R. Identification of β-turn and random coil amide III infrared bands for secondary structure estimation of proteins. Biophys. Chem. 1999, 80:7-20.
27. Cai S., Singh B.R. A distinct utility of the amide III infrared band for secondary structure estimation of aqueous protein solutions using partial least squares methods. Biochemistry 2004, 43:2451-2459.
28. Calne D.B., Langston J.W. Aetiology of Parkinson's disease. Lancet 1983, 31:1457-1459.
29. Caughey B.W., Dong A., Bhat K.S., Ernst D., Hayes S.F., Caughey W.S. Secondary structure analysis of the Scrapie-Associated Protein PrP 27-30 in water by infrared spectroscopy. Biochemistry 1991, 30:7672-7680.
30. Chan K.L., Kazarian S.G. New opportunities in micro- and macro-attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopic imaging: spatial resolution and sampling versatility. Appl. Spectrosc. 2003, 57:381-389.
31. Chiriboga L., Xie P., Vigorita V., Zarou D., Zakim D., Diem M. Infrared spectroscopy of human tissue. II. A comparative study of spectra of biopsies of cervical squamous epithelium and of exfoliated cervical cells. Biospectroscopy 1998, 4:55-59.
32. Choo L.P., Jackson M., Halliday W.C., Mantsch H.H. Infrared spectroscopic characterisation of multiple sclerosis plaques in the human central nervous system. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1993, 1182:333-337.
33. Choo L.P., Mansfield J.R., Pizzi N., Somorjai R.L., Jackson M., Halliday W.C. Infrared spectra of human central nervous system tissue: diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease by multivariate analyses. Biospectroscopy 1995, 1:141-148.
34. Choo L.P., Wetzel D.L., Halliday W.C., Jackson M., LeVine S.M., Mantsch H.H. In situ characterization of β-amyloid in Alzheimer's diseased tissue by synchrotron Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy. Biophys. J. 1996, 71:1672-1679.
35. Christy A.A., Egeberg P.K. Quantitative determination of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in edible oils by infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics. Chemom. Intell. Lab. Syst. 2006, 82:130-136.
36. Cirovic D.A. Feed-forward artificial neural networks: applications to spectroscopy. Trac-Trends Anal. Chem. 1997, 16:148-155.
37. Cobb N.J., Surewicz W.K. Prion diseases and their biochemical mechanisms. Biochemistry 2009, 48:2574-2585.
38. Collins S.J., Lawson V.A., Masters C.L. Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Lancet 2004, 363:51-61.
39. Coomans D., Massart D.L. Optimization by statistical linear discriminant analysis in analytical chemistry. Anal. Chim. Acta 1979, 112:97-122.
40. Cortelli P., Perani D., Parchi P., Grassi F., Montagna P., Martin M.D., Castellani R., Tinuper P., Gambetti P., Lugaresi E., Fazio F. Cerebral metabolism in fatal familial insomnia: relation to duration, neuropathology, and distribution of protease-resistant prion protein. Neurology 1997, 49:126-133.
41. Davis B.J., Carney P.S., Bhargava R. Theory of midinfrared absorption microspectroscopy: I. Homogeneous samples. Anal. Chem. 2010, 82:3474-3486.
42. Davis B.J., Carney P.S., Bhargava R. Theory of mid-infrared absorption microspectroscopy: II. Heterogeneous samples. Anal. Chem. 2010, 82:3487-3499.
43. Dazzi A. AFMIR techniques and applications. Biomedical Vibrational Spectroscopy 2008, Wiley, London. P. Lasch, J. Kneipp (Eds.).
44. Dubois J., Baydack R., McKenzie E., Booth T., Jackson M. Scrapie infection investigated by magnetic resonance imaging and Fourier transform infrared microscopy. Vib. Spectrosc. 2003, 32:95-105.
45. Eckel R., Huo H., Guan H.-W., Hu X., Che X., Huang W.-D. Characteristic infrared spectroscopic patterns in the protein bands of human breast cancer tissue. Vib. Spectrosc. 2001, 27:165-173.
46. Evans C.L., Xie X.S. Coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering microscopy: chemical imaging for biology and medicine. Annu. Rev. Anal. Chem. 2008, 1:883-909.
47. Fabian H., Choo L.P., Szendrei G.I., Jackson M., Halliday W.C., L.O., Mantsch H.H. Infrared spectroscopic characterization of Alzheimer plaques. Appl. Spectrosc. 1993, 47:1513-1518.
48. Faoláin E.ó., Hunter M.B., Byrne J.M., Kelehan P., Lambkin H.A., Byrne H.J., Lyng F.M. Raman spectroscopic evaluation of efficacy of current paraffin wax section dewaxing agents. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 2005, 53:121-129.
49. Faoláin E.ó., Hunter M.B., Byrne J.M., Kelehan P., McNamara M., Byrne H.J., Lyng F.M. A study examining the effects of tissue processing on human tissue sections using vibrational spectroscopy. Vib. Spectrosc. 2005, 38:121-127.
50. Fernandez D.C., Bhargava R., Hewitt S.M., Levin I.W. Infrared spectroscopic imaging for histopathologic recognition. Nat. Biotechnol. 2005, 23:469-474.
51. Fisher R.A. The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems. Ann. Eugen. 1936, 7:179-188.
52. Fraser R.D.B. Infra-red microspectrometry with a 0.8 N.A. reflecting microscope. Discuss. Faraday Soc. 1950, 9:378-383.
53. Freudiger C.W., Min W., Saar B.G., Lu S., Holtom G.R., He C., Tsai J.C., Kang J.X., Xie X.S. Label-free biomedical imaging with high sensitivity by stimulated Raman scattering microscopy. Science 2008, 322:1857-1861.
54. Gallant M., Rak M., Szeghalmi A., Bigio M.R.D., Westaway D., Yang J., Julian R., Gough K.M. Focally elevated creatine detected in amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice and Alzheimer disease brain tissue. J. Biol. Chem. 2006, 281:5-8.
55. Gazi E., Dwyer J., Lockyer N.P., Miyan J., Gardner P., Hart C., Brown M., Clarke N.W. Fixation protocols for subcellular imaging by synchrotron-based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy. Biopolymers 2005, 77:18-30.
56. Götz J., Streffer J.R., David D., Schild A., Hoerndli F., Pennanen L., Kurosinski P., Chen F. Transgenic animal models of Alzheimer's disease and related disorders: histopathology, behavior and therapy. Mol. Psychiatry 2004, 9:664-683.
57. Gregoire N., Gorde-Durand J.M., Bouras C., Salamon G., Bert J. Cerebral glucose utilization: local changes after microinoculation of scrapie agent in hamster. Neurosci. Lett. 1983, 36:181-187.
58. Griebe M., Daffertshofer M., Stroick M., Syren M., Ahmad-Nejad P., Neumaier M., Backhaus J., Hennerici M.G., Fatar M. Infrared spectroscopy: a new diagnostic tool in Alzheimer disease. Neurosci. Lett. 2007, 420:29-33.
59. Griffiths P., De Haseth J.A. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry 2007, Wiley-Interscience, New York. 2nd ed.
60. Hackett M.J., McQuillan J.A., El-Assaad F., Aitken J.B., Levina A., Cohen D.D., Siegele R., Carter E.A., Grau G.E., Hunt N.H., Lay P.A. Chemical alterations to murine brain tissue induced by formalin fixation: implications for biospectroscopic imaging and mapping studies of disease pathogenesis. Analyst 2011, 136:2941-2952.
61. Halliday G., Lees A., Stern M. Milestones in Parkinson's disease - clinical and pathologic features. Mov. Disord. 2011, 26:1015-1021.
62. Heraud P., Caine S., Campanale N., Karnezis T., McNaughton D., Wood B.R., Tobin M.J., Bernard C.C.A. Early detection of the chemical changes occurring during the induction and prevention of autoimmune-mediated demyelination detected by FT-IR imaging. NeuroImage 2010, 49:1180-1189.
63. Practical Guide to Infrared Microspectroscopy 1995, Marcel Dekker, Inc, New York. H.J. Humecki (Ed.).
64. Imitola J., CÔté D., Rasmussen S., Xie X.S., Liu Y., Chitnis T., Sidman R.L., Lin C.P., Khourya S.J. Multimodal coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy reveals microglia-associated myelin and axonal dysfunction in multiple sclerosis-like lesions in mice. J. Biomed. Opt. 2011, 16:211091-2110911.
65. Jack C.R., Albert M.S., Knopman D.S., McKhann G.M., Sperling R.A., Carrillo M.C., Thies B., Phelps C.H. Introduction to the recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2011, 7:257-262.
66. Jackson M., Mantsch H.H. The use and misuse of FTIR spectroscopy in the determination of protein structure. Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 1995, 30:95-120.
67. Jain A.K., Murty M.N., Flynn P.J. Data clustering: a review. Comput. Surv. 1999, 31:265-323.
68. Jamin N., Miller L., Moncuit J., Fridman W.-H., Dumas P., Teillaud J.-L. Chemical heterogeneity in cell death: combined synchrotron IR and fluorescence microscopy studies of single apoptotic and necrotic cells. Biopolymers (Biospectroscopy) 2003, 72:366-373.
69. Jolliffe I.T. Principal Component Analysis 2002, Springer, New York. 2nd ed.
70. Karnezis T., Mandemakers W., McQualter J.L., Zheng B., ho P.P., jordan K.A., Murray B.M., Barres B., Tessier-Lavinge M., Bernard C.C.A. The neurite outgrowth inhibitor Nogo A is involved in autoimmune-mediated demyelination. Nat. Neurosci. 2004, 7:736-744.
71. Kastyak M.Z., Szczerbowska-Boruchowska M., Adamek A.D., Tomik B., Lankosza M., Gough K.M. Pigmented creatine deposits in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis central nervous system tissues identified by synchrotron Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectromicroscopy. Neuroscience 2010, 166:1119-1128.
72. Kauppinen J.K., Moffatt D.J., Mantsch H.H., Cameron D.G. Fourier self-deconvolution: a method for resolving intrinsically overlapped bands. Appl. Spectrosc. 1981, 35:271-276.
73. Keegan B.M., Noseworthy J.H. Multiple sclerosis. Annu. Rev. Med. 2002, 53:285.
74. Kleihues P., Burger P.C., Scheithauer B.W. The new WHO classification of brain tumours. Brain Pathol. 1993, 3:255-268.
75. Kneipp J., Lasch P., Baldauf E., Beekes M., Naumann D. Detection of pathological molecular alterations in scrapie-infected hamster brain by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2000, 1501:189-199.
76. Kneipp J., Beekes M., Lasch P., Naumann D. Molecular changes of preclinical Scrapie can be detected by Infrared Spectroscopy. J. Neurosci. 2002, 22:2989-2997.
77. Kneipp J., Miller L.M., Joncic M., Kittel M., Lasch P., Beekes M., Naumann D. In situ identification of protein structural changes in prion-infected tissue. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2003, 1639:152-158.
78. Krafft C., Sobottka S.B., Schackert G., Salzer R. Analysis of human brain tissue, brain tumors and tumor cells by infrared spectroscopic mapping. Analyst 2004, 129:921-925.
79. Krafft C., Shapoval L., Sobottka S.B., Geiger K.D., Schackert G., Salzer R. Identification of primary tumors of brain metastases by SIMCA classification of IR spectroscopic images. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2006, 1758:883-891.
80. Krafft C., Thümmler K., Sobottka S.B., Schackert G., Salzer R. Classification of malignant gliomas by infrared spectroscopy and linear discriminant analysis. Biopolymers 2006, 82:301-305.
81. Krafft C., Sobottka S.B., Geiger K.D., Schackert G., Salzer R. Classification of malignant gliomas by infrared spectroscopic imaging and linear discriminant analysis. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2007, 387:1669-1677.
82. Krafft C., Steiner G., Beleites C., Salzer R. Disease recognition by infrared and Raman spectroscopy. J. Biophotonics 2009, 2:13-28.
83. Kretlow A., Wang Q., Kneipp J., Lasch P., Beekes M., Miller L., Naumann D. FTIR-microspectroscopy of prion-infected nervous tissue. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2006, 1758:948-959.
84. Kretlow A., Wang Q., Beekes M., Naumann D., Miller L.M. Changes in protein structure and distribution observed at pre-clinical stages of scrapie pathogenesis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2008, 1782:559-565.
85. Krogh A. What are artificial neural networks?. Nat. Biotechnol. 2008, 26:195-197.
86. Kros J.M. Grading of gliomas: the road from eminence to evidence. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 2011, 70:101-109.
87. Kuzyk A., Kastyak M., Agrawal V., Gallant M., Sivakumar G., Rak M., Bigio M.R.D., Westaway D., Julian R., Gough K.M. Association between amyloid plaque, lipid, and creatine in hippocampus of TgCRND8 mouse model for Alzheimer disease. J. Biol. Chem. 2010, 285:31202-31207.
88. Lansbury P.T. In pursuit of the molecular structure of Amyloid plaque: new technology provides unexpected and critical information. Biochemistry 1992, 21:6865-6870.
89. Lasch P., Haensch W., Naumann D., Diem M. Imaging of colorectal adenocarcinoma using FT-IR microspectroscopy and cluster analysis. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 2004, 1688:176-186.
90. Lassmann H., Brück W., Lucchinetti C.F. The immunopathology of multiple sclerosis: an overview. Brain Pathol. 2007, 17:210-218.
91. Legler J.M., Ries L.A.G., Smith M.A., Warren J.L., Heineman E.F., Kaplan R.S., Linet M.S. Brain and other central nervous system cancers: recent trends in incidence and mortality. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 1999, 91:1382-1390.
92. Leskovjan A.C., Lanzirotti A., Miller L.M. Amyloid plaques in PSAPP mice bind less metal than plaques in human Alzheimer's disease. NeuroImage 2009, 47:1215-1220.
93. Leskovjan A.C., Kretlow A., Miller L.M. Fourier transform infrared imaging showing reduced unsaturated lipid content in the hippocampus of a mouse model of Alzheimer's Disease. Anal. Chem. 2010, 82:2711-2716.
94. LeVine S.M., Wetzel D.L. Chemical analysis of multiple sclerosis lesions by FT-IR microspectroscopy. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 1998, 25:33-41.
95. LeVine S.M., Wetzel D.L., Dickson D.W. Microbeam FT-IR spectroscopic examination of diseased brain tissues. Microchim. Acta 1997, (Suppl. 14):463-466.
96. Lew M. Overview of Parkinson's disease. Pharmacotherapy 2007, 27:155S-160S.
97. Lewis E.N., Gorbach A.M., Marcott C., Levin I.W. High-fidelity Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic imaging of primate brain tissue. Appl. Spectrosc. 1996, 50:263-269.
98. Liu J., Marino M.W., Wong G., Grail D., Dunn A., Bettadapura J., Slavin A.J., Old L., Bernard C.C. TNF is a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine in autoimmune-mediated demyelination. Nat. Med. 1998, 4:78-83.
99. Artificial Neural Networks: Methods and Applications 2008, Humana Press, Sandown, Isle of Wight, UK. D.S. Livingstone (Ed.).
100. Louis D.N., Ohgaki H., Cavenee W.K., Burger P.C., Jouvet A., Scheithauer B.W., Kleihues P. The 2007 WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system. Acta Neuropathol. 2007, 114:97-109.
101. Lyng F., Gazi E., Gardner P. Preparation of tissues and cells for infrared and Raman spectroscopy and imaging. Biomedical Applications of Synchrotron Infrared Microspectroscopy: A Practical Approach 2010, 147-191. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge. D. Moss (Ed.).
102. Mackanos M.A., Contag C.H. FTIR microspectroscopy for improved prostate cancer diagnosis. Trends Biotechnol. 2009, 27:661-663.
103. MacQueen J.B. Some methods for classification and analysis of multivariate observations. Proceedings of 5th Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability 1967, 281-297. L.M. Le Cam, J. Neyman (Eds.).
104. Mantsch H., Jackson M. Molecular spectroscopy in biodiagnostics (from Hippocrates to Herschel and beyond). J. Mol. Struct. 1995, 347:187-206.
105. McKhann G., Drachman D., Folstein M., Katzman R., Price D., Stadlan E.M. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology 1984, 34:939-944.
106. McKhann G.M., Knopman D.S., Chertkow H., Hyman B.T., Jack C.R., Kawas C.H., Klunk W.E., Koroshetz W.J., Manly J.J., Mayeux R., Mohs R.C., Morris J.C., Rossor M.N., Scheltens P., Carrillo M.C., Thies B., Weintraub S., Phelps C.H. The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2011, 7:263-269.
107. McKinney P.A. Brain tumours: incidence, survival, and aetiology. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2004, 75(Suppl. II):ii12-ii17.
108. McLachlan G.J. Discriminant Analysis and Statistical Pattern Recognition 2004, John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey.
109. McQualter J.L., Bernard C.C.A. Multiple sclerosis: a battle between destruction and repair. J. Neurochem. 2007, 100:295-306.
110. Miller L.M., Dumas P. From structure to cellular mechanism with infrared microspectroscopy. Curr. Opin. Struct. Biol. 2010, 20:649-656.
111. Miller L.M., Wang Q., Telivala T.P., Smith R.J., Lanzirotti A., Miklossy J. Synchrotron-based infrared and X-ray imaging shows focalized accumulation of Cu and Zn co-localized with β-amyloid deposits in Alzheimer's disease. J. Struct. Biol. 2006, 155:30-37.
112. Mohlenhoff B., Romeo M., Diem M., Wood B.R. Mie-type scattering and non-beer-Lambert absorption behavior of human cells in infrared microspectroscopy. Biophys. J. 2005, 88:3635-3640.
113. Biomedical Applications of Synchrotron Infrared Microspectroscopy: A Practical Approach 2010, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge. D. Moss (Ed.).
114. Movasaghi Z., Rehman S., Rehman I.u. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of biological tissues. Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. 2008, 43:134-179.
115. Nasse M.J., Mattson E.C., Reininger R., Kubala T., Janowski S., Hirschmugl C. Multi-beam synchrotron infrared chemical imaging with high spatial resolution: beamline realization and first reports on image restoration. Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 2010, 10.1016/j.nima.2010.12.095.
116. Nasse M.J., Walsh M.J., Mattson E.C., Reininger R., Kajdacsy-Balla A., Macias V., Bhargava R., Hirschmugl C.J. High-resolution Fourier-transform infrared chemical imaging with multiple synchrotron beams. Nat. Methods 2011, 10.1038/nmeth.1585.
117. Noelker C., Hampel H., Dodel R. Blood-based protein biomarkers for diagnosis and classification of neurodegenerative diseases: current progress and clinical potential. Mol. Diagn. Ther. 2011, 15:83-102.
118. Norrby E. Prions and protein-folding diseases. J. Intern. Med. 2011, 270:1-14.
119. Nutt J.G., Wooten G.F. Diagnosis and initial management of Parkinson's disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 2005, 353:1021-1027.
120. Oksenberg J.R., Baranzini S.E. Multiple sclerosis genetics - is the glass half full, or half empty?. Nat. Rev. Neurol. 2010, 6:429-437.
121. Ontaneda D., Hyland M., Cohen J.A. Multiple sclerosis: new insights in pathogenesis and novel therapeutics. Annu. Rev. Med 2011, 10.1146/annurev-med-042910-135833.
122. Ooi G.J., Fox J., Siu K., Lewis R., Bambery K.R., McNaughton D., Wood B.R. Fourier transform infrared imaging and small angle x-ray scattering as a combined biomolecular approach to diagnosis of breast cancer. J. Med. Phys. 2008, 35:2151-2161.
123. Park I.-H., Arora N., Huo H., Maherali N., Ahfeldt T., Shimamura A., Lensch M.W., Cowan C., Hochedlinger K., Daley G.Q. Disease-specific induced Pluripotent Stem cells. Cell 2008, 134:877-886.
124. Patchell R.A. The management of brain metastases. Cancer Treat. Rev. 2003, 29:533-540.
125. Pearson K. On lines and planes of closest fit to systems of points in space. Philos. Mag. 1901, 2:559-572.
126. Perkins J.H., Hasenoehrl E.J., Griffiths P.R. The use of principal component analysis for the structural interpretation of mid-infrared spectra. Chemom. Intell. Lab. 1992, 15:75-86.
127. Petibois C., Déléris G. Chemical mapping of tumor progression by FT-IR imaging: towards molecular histopathology. Trends Biotechnol. 2006, 24:455-462.
128. Petibois C., Gionnet K., Gonçalves M., Perromat A., Moenner M., Déléris G. Analytical performances of FT-IR spectrometry and imaging for concentration measurements within biological fluids, cells, and tissues. Analyst 2006, 131:640-647.
129. Petrich W. Mid-infrared and Raman spectroscopy for medical diagnostics. Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. 2001, 36(2 & 3):181-237.
130. Petrich W., Dolenko B., Früh J., Ganz M., Greger H., Jacob S., Keller F., Nikulin A.E., Otto M., Quarder O., Somorjai R.L., Staib A., Werner G., Wielinger H. Disease pattern recognition in infrared spectra of human sera with diabetes mellitus as an example. Appl. Opt. 2000, 39:3372-3379.
131. Pizzi N., Choo L.-P., Mansfield J., Jackson M., Halliday W.C., Mantsch H.H., Somorjai R.L. Neural network classification of infrared spectra of control and Alzheimer's diseased tissue. Artif. Intell. Med. 1995, 7:67-79.
132. Polman C.H., Reingold S.C., Banwell B., Clanet M., Cohen J.A., Filippi M., Fujihara K., Havrdova E., Hutchinson M., Kappos L., Lublin F.D., Montalban X., O'Connor P., Sandberg-Wollheim M., Thompson A.J., Waubant E., Weinshenker B., Wolinsky J.S. Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2010 revisions to the McDonald criteria. Ann. Neurol. 2011, 69:292-302.
133. Polyzoidis K.S., Miliaras G., Pavlidis N. Brain metastasis of unknown primary: a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. Cancer Treat. Rev. 2005, 31:247-255.
134. Prater C., Kjoller K., Cook D., Shetty R., Meyers G., Reinhardt C., Felts J., King W., Vodopyanov K., Dazzi A. Nanoscale infrared spectroscopy of materials by atomic force microscopy. Microsc. Anal. 2010, 24(SPM):5-8.
135. Preul M.C., Caramanos Z., Collins D.L., Villemure J.-G., Leblanc R., Olivier A., Pokrupa R., Arnold D.L. Accurate, noninvasive diagnosis of human brain tumors by using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Nat. Med. 1996, 2:323-325.
136. Prusiner S.B. Novel proteinaceous infectious particles cause scrapie. Science 1982, 216:136-144.
137. Querfurth H.W., LaFerla F.M. Mechanisms of disease: Alzheimer's disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 2010, 362:329-344.
138. Rak M., Bigio M.R.D., Mai S., Westaway D., Gough K. Dense-core and diffuse Aβ plaques in TgCRND8 mice studied with synchrotron FTIR microspectroscopy. Biopolymers 2007, 87:207-217.
139. Ramagopalan S.V., Sadovnick A.D. Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis. Neurol. Clin. 2011, 29:207-217.
140. Riemer C., Queck I., Simon D., Kurth R., Baier M. Identification of upregulated genes in scrapie-infected brain tissue. J. Virol. 2000, 74:10245-10248.
141. Rosenblatt F. Two theorems of statistical separability in the perceptron. Mechanisation of Thought Processes: Proceedings of a Symposium Held at the National Physical Laboratory 1958, 421-456. HM Stationery Office, London.
142. Ruiz-Sanz J., Ruiz-Cabello J., Mateo P.L., Cortijo M. The thermal transition in crude myelin proteolipid has a lipid rather than protein origin. Eur. Biophys. J. 1992, 21:71-76.
143. Saar B.G., Freudiger C.W., Reichman J., Stanley M., Holtom G.R., Xie X.S. Video-rate molecular imaging in vivo with stimulated Raman scattering. Science 2010, 330:1268-1370.
144. Sahu R.K., Argov S., Bernshtain E., Salman A., Walfisch S., Goldstein J., Mordechai S. Detection of abnormal proliferation in histologically 'normal' colonic biopsies using FTIR-microspectroscopy. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 2004, 6:557-566.
145. Sakai K., Yoshida S. Quantitative and non-destructive analyses of fatty acid esters and cholesterol in brain tissues by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Vib. Spectrosc. 1994, 7:163-167.
146. Samii A., Nutt J.G., Ransom B.R. Parkinson's disease. Lancet 2004, 363:1783-1793.
147. Schubert J.M., Mazur A.I., Bird B., Miljkovic M., Diem M. Single point vs. mapping approach for spectral cytopathology (SCP). J. Biophotonics 2010, 3:588-596.
148. Sharma S., Mukherjee M., Kedage V., Muttigi M.S., Rao A., Rao S. Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease - a review. Int. J. Neurosci. 2009, 119:1981-1994.
149. Smith K.J., Lassmann H. The role of nitric oxide in multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol. 2002, 1:232-241.
150. Sobottka S.B., Geiger K.D., Salzer R., Schackert G., Krafft C. Suitability of infrared spectroscopic imaging as an intraoperative tool in cerebral glioma surgery. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2009, 393:187-195.
151. Steiner G., Shaw A., Choo-Smith L.-P.i., Abuid M.H., Schackert G., Sobottka S., Steller W., Salzer R., Mantsch H.H. Distinguishing and grading human gliomas by IR spectroscopy. Biopolymers (Biospectroscopy) 2003, 72:464-471.
152. Steller W., Einenkel J., Horn L.-C., Braumann U.-D., Binder H., Salzer R., Krafft C. Delimitation of squamous cell cervical carcinoma using infrared microspectroscopic imaging. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2006, 384:145-154.
153. Stobart M.J., Parchaliuk D., Simon S.L.R., LeMaistre J., Lazar J., Rubenstein R., Knox J.D. Differential expression of interferon responsive genes in rodent models of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy disease. Mol. Neurodegener. 2007, 2:5.
154. Suk J.-E., Lokappa S.B., Ulmer T.S. The clustering and spatial arrangement of β-sheet sequence, but not order, govern α-synuclein fibrillogenesis. Biochemistry 2010, 49:1533-1540.
155. Surewicz W.K., Moscarello M.A., Mantsch H.H. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic investigation of the interaction between myelin basic protein and dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol bilayers. Biochemistry 1987, 26:3881-3886.
156. Szczerbowska-Boruchowska M., Dumas P., Kastyak M.Z., Chwiej J., Lankosz M., Adamek D., Krygowska-Wajs A. Biomolecular investigation of human substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease by synchrotron radiation Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 2007, 459:241-248.
157. Szczerbowska-Boruchowska M., Chwiej J., Dumas P., Tomik B., Adamek D., Lankosz M. Revealing the presence of creatine in human spinal cord in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, infrared microspectroscopy. Spectrosc. Eur. 2010, 22:17-20.
158. Tolosa E., Wenning G., Poewe W. The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Lancet Neurol. 2006, 5:75-86.
159. Wang Q., Kretlow A., Beekes M., Naumann D., Miller L. In situ characterization of prion protein structure and metal accumulation in scrapie-infected cells by synchrotron infrared and X-ray imaging. Vib. Spectrosc. 2005, 38:61-69.
160. Ward J.H. Hierarchical grouping to optimize an objective function. J. Am. Stat. Assoc. 1963, 58:236-244.
161. Warren J.D., Schott J.M., Fox N.C., Thom M., Revesz T., Holton J.L., Scaravilli F., Thomas D.G.T., Plant G.T., Rudge5 P., Rossor M.N. Brain biopsy in dementia. Brain 2005, 128:2016-2025.
162. Wehbe K., Pineau R., Eimer S., Vital A., Loiseau H., Deleris G. Differentiation between normal and tumor vasculature of animal and human glioma by FTIR imaging. Analyst 2010, 135:3052-3059.
163. Whelan D.R., Bambery K.R., Heraud P., Tobin M.J., Diem M., McNaughton D., Wood B.R. Monitoring the reversible B to A-like transition of DNA in eukaryotic cells using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Nucleic Acids Res. 2011, 39:5439-5448.
164. WHO Neurological Disorders: Public Health Challenges 2006, World Health Organization, Geneva.
165. Widrow B. Generalization and information storage in networks of Adaline 'Neurons'. Self-Organizing Systems 1962, 435-461. Spartan Books, Washington, DC. M. Yovitz, G. Jacobi, G. Goldstein (Eds.).
166. Widrow B., Lehr M.A. Adaptive neural networks and their applications. Int. J. Intell. Syst. 1993, 8:453-507.
167. Woernley D.L. Infrared absorption curves for normal and neoplastic tissues and related biological substances. Cancer Res. 1952, 12:515-523.
168. Wold S., Sjöström M. SIMCA: a method for analyzing chemical data in terms of similarity and analogy. Chemometrics: Theory and Application 1977, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. B.R. Kowalski (Ed.).
169. Wong P.T.T., Goldstein S.M., Grekin R.C., Godwin T.A., Pivik C., Rigas B. Distinct infrared spectroscopic patterns of human basal cell carcinoma of the skin. Cancer Res. 1993, 53:762-765.
170. Woo H.-N., Park J.-S., Gwon A.-R., Arumugam T.V., Jo D.-G. Alzheimer's disease and notch signaling. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2009, 390:1093-1097.
171. Wood B.R., Quinn M.A., Burden F.R., McNaughton D. An investigation into FT-IR spectroscopy as a bio-diagnostic tool for cervical cancer. Biospectroscopy 1996, 2:143-153.
172. Yano K., Ohoshima S., Gotou Y., Kumaido K., Moriguchi T., Katayama H. Direct measurement of human lung cancerous and noncancerous tissues by Fourier transform infrared microscopy: can an infrared microscope be used as a clinical tool?. Anal. Biochem. 2000, 287:218-225.