Preparation of tissues and cells for infrared and Raman spectroscopy and imaging

RSC Analytical Spectroscopy Series

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 147-191

  Lyng, Fiona ^a   Gazi, Ehsan ^b   Gardner, Peter ^b  

^a DUBLIN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Ireland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84879179588     PISSN: 20419732     EISSN: 20419740     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. J. A. Kiernan, Formaldehyde, formalin, paraformaldehyde and glutaraldehyde: What they are and what they do, Microsc. Today, 2000, 00-1, 8-12.
2. D. Jones, Introduction, In: Fixation in Histochemistry, P. J. Stoward, (eds). Chapman and Hall, London, 1973, 2-7.
3. G. R. Turbett and L. N. Sellner, The use of optimal cutting temperature compound can inhibit amplification by polymerase chain reaction, Diagn. Molec. Pathol., 1997, 6, 298-303.
4. J. W. Gillespie, Evaluation of Non-Formalin Tissue Fixation for Molecular Profiling Studies, Am. J. Pathol., 2002, 160, 449-457.
5. P. G. L. Andrus and R. D. Strickland, Cancer grading by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Biospectroscopy, 1998, 4, 37-46.
6. S. Takahashi, A. Satomi, K. Yano, H. Kawase, T. Tanimizu, Y. Tuji, S. Murakami and R. Hirayama, Estimation of glycogen levels in human colorectal cancer tissue: relationship with cell cycle and tumour outgrowth, J. Gastroenterol., 1999, 34, 474-480.
7. D. C. Fernandez, R. Bhargava, S. M. Hewitt and I. W. Levin, Infrared spectroscopic imaging for histopathological recognition, Nature Biotechnol., 2005, 23, 469-474.
8. M. G. Shim and B. C. Wilson, The effects of ex vivo handling procedures on the near-infrared Raman spectra if normal mammalian tissues, Photochem. Photobiol., 1996, 63, 662-671.
9. E. O. Faolá in, M. B. Hunter, J. M. Byrne, P. Kelehan, M. McNamara, H. J. Byrne and F. M. Lyng, A study examining the effects of tissue processing on human tissue sections using vibrational spectroscopy, Vib. Spectrosc., 2005, 38(1-2), 121-127.
10. Z. W. Huang, A. McWilliams, S. Lam, J. English, D. I. McLean, H. Lui and H. Zeng, Effect of formalin fixation on the near-infrared Raman spectroscopy of normal and cancerous human bronchial tissues, Int. J. Oncol., 2003, 23, 649-655.
11. N. L. Pleshko, A. L. Boskey and R. Mendelsohn, An FT-IR microscopic investigation of the effects of tissue preservation on bone, Calcif. Tissue Int., 1992, 51, 72-77.
12. J. L. Stephenson, Ice crystal growth during the rapid freezing of tissues, J. Biophys. Biochem. Cytol., 1956, 2, 45-52.
13. N. Stone, C. Kendall, J. Smith, P. Crow and H. Barr, Raman spectroscopy for identification of epithelial cancers, Faraday Discuss., 2003, 126, 141- 157.
14. N. Stone, M. C. H. Prieto, P. Crow, J. Uff and A. W. Ritchie, The use of Raman spectroscopy to provide an estimation of the gross biochemistry associated with urological pathologies, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2007, 387, 1657-1668.
15. H. Wills, R. Kast, C. Stewart, R. Rabah, A. Pandya, J. Poulik, G. Auner and M. D. Klein, Raman spectroscopy detects and distinguishes neuroblastoma and related tissues in fresh and (banked) frozen specimens, J. Pediatr. Surg., 2009, 44, 386-391.
16. M. Jackson, J. R. Mansfield, B. Dolenko, R. L. Somorjai, H. H. Mantsch and P. H. Watson, Classification of breast tumours by grade and steroid receptor status using pattern recognition analysis of infrared spectra, Cancer Detect. Prevent., 1999, 23, 245-253.
17. M. Meurens, J. Wallon, J. Tong, H. Noel and J. Haot, Breast cancer detection by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, Vib. Spectrosc., 1996, 10, 341-346.
18. G. Muller, W. Wasche, U. Bindig and K. Liebold, IR-Spectroscopy for tissue differentiation in the medical field, Laser Phys., 1999, 9, 348- 356.
19. R. Wiens, M. Rak, N. Cox, S. Abraham, B. H. J. Juurlink, W. M. Kulyk and K. M. Gough, Synchrotron FTIR microspectroscopic analysis of the effects of anti-inflammatory therapeutics on wound healing in laminectomized rats, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2007, 387, 1679-1689.
20. C. P. Schultz, The potential role of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and imaging in cancer diagnosis incorporating complex mathematical methods, Technol. Cancer Res. Treat., 2002, 1, 95-104.
21. C. Beleites, G. Steiner, M. G. Sowa, R. Baumgartner, S. Sobottka, G. Schackert and R. Salzer, Classification of human gliomas by infrared imaging spectroscopy and chemometric image processing, Vib. Spectrosc., 2005, 38, 143-149.
22. P. B. Medawar, The rate of penetration of fixatives, J. Roy. Microsc. Soc., 1941, 61, 46.
23. C. H. Fox, F. B. Johnson, J. Whiting and P. P. Roller, Formaldehyde fixation, J. Histochem. and Cytochem., 1985, 33, 845-853.
24. T. J. Mason and T. J. O'Leary, Effects of formaldehyde fixation on protein secondary structure: a calorimetric and infrared spectroscopic investigation, J. Histochem. Cytochem., 1991, 39, 225-229.
25. S. Aparicio, S. B. Doty, N. P. Camacho, E. P. Paschalis, L. Spevak, R. Mendelsohn and A. L. Boskey, Optimal methods for processing mineralized tissues for Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy, Calcif. Tissue Int., 2002, 70, 422-429.
26. Y. N. Yeni, J. Yerramshetty, O. Akkus, C. Pechey and C. M. Les, Effect of Fixation and Embedding on Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of Bone Tissue, Calcif. Tissue Int., 2006, 78, 363-371.
27. R. K. Sahu, S. Argov, A. Salman, U. Zelig, M. Huleihel, N. Grossman, J. Gopas, J. Kapelushnik and S. Mordechai, Can Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy at higher wavenumbers (mid IR) shed light on biomarkers?, J. Biomed. Opt., 2005, 10, 05017-05027.
28. E. O. Faolain, M. B. Hunter, J. M. Byrne, P. Kelehan, H. A. Lambkin, H. J. Byrne and F. M. Lyng, Raman spectroscopic evaluation of efficacy of current paraffin wax section dewaxing agents, J. Histochem. Cytochem., 2005, 53, 121-129.
29. K. Poon, I. Lydon, H. Lambkin, N. Rashid, H. J. Byrne, F. M. Lyng, Investigation of dewaxing agents and protocols on formalin-fixed paraffinembedded tissues by Raman spectroscopy, Manuscript in preparation.
30. E. Gazi, M. Baker, J. Dwyer, N. P. Lockyer, P. Gardner, J. H. Shanks, R. S. Reeve, C. A. Hart, M. D. Brown and N. W. Clarke, A Correlation of FTIR Spectra Derived From Prostate Cancer Tissue with Gleason Grade and Tumour Stage, Eur. Urol., 2006, 50, 750-761.
31. E. Gazi, J. Dwyer, P. Gardner, A. Ghanbari-Siahkali, A. Wade, J. Miyan, N. P. Lockyer, J. C. Vickerman, N. W. Clarke, J. H. Shanks, L. J. Scott, C. Hart and M. Brown, Applications of FTIR -Microspectroscopy to Benign Prostate and Prostate Cancer, J. Pathol., 2003, 201, 99-108.
32. C. W. Meuse and P. E. Barker, Quantitative Infrared Spectroscopy of Formalin-fixed, Paraffin-embedded Tissue Specimens, Paraffin WaxRemoval With Organic Solvents, Appl. Immunohistochem. Mol. Morphol., 2009, 17(6), 547-52.
33. A. Tfayli, O. Piot, A. Durlach, P. Bernard andM. Manfait, Discriminating nevus and melanoma on paraffin-embedded skin biopsies using FTIR microspectroscopy, Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 2005, 1724, 262-269.
34. A. Tfayli, C. Gobinet, V. Vrabie, R. Huez, M. Manfait and O. Piot, Digital Dewaxing of Raman Signals: Discrimination Between Nevi and Melanoma Spectra Obtained from Paraffin-Embedded Skin Biopsies, Appl. Spectrosc., 2009, 63(5), 564-70.
35. C. Gobinet, V. Vrabie, A. Tfayli, O. Piot, R. Huez and M. Manfait, Preprocessing and source separation methods for Raman spectra analysis of biomedical samples, Conf. Proc. IEEE Eng. Med. Biol. Soc., 2007, 6208-11.
36. E. Ly, O. Piot, R. Wolthuis, A. Durlach, P. Bernard and M. Manfait, Combination of FTIR spectral imaging and chemometrics for tumour detection from paraffin-embedded biopsies, Analyst, 2008, 133, 197-205.
37. E. Ly, O. Piot, A. Durlach, P. Bernard and M. Manfait, Differential diagnosis of cutaneous carcinomas by infrared spectral micro-imaging combined with pattern recognition, Analyst, 2009, 134, 1208-1214.
38. V. Untereiner, O. Piot, M. D. Diebold, O. Bouché, E. Scaglia and M. Manfait, Optical diagnosis of peritoneal metastases by infrared microscopic imaging, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2009, 393, 1619-1627.
39. L. Chiriboga, P. Xie, H. Yee, V. Vigorita, D. Zarou, D. Zakim and M. Diem, Infrared spectroscopy of human tissue. I. Differentiation and Maturation of epithelial cells in the human cervix, Biospectroscopy, 1998, 4, 47-53.
40. H. Y. N. Holman, M. C. Martin, E. A. Blakely, K. Bjornstad and W. R. McKinney, IR spectroscopic characteristics of a cell cycle and cell death probed by synchrotron radiation based Fourier transform IR spectromicroscopy, Biopolymers (Biospectroscopy), 2000, 57, 329-335.
41. P. Lasch, M. Boese, A. Pacifico and M. Diem, FT-IR spectroscopic investigations of single cells on the subcellular level, Vib. Spectrosc., 2002, 28, 147-157.
42. P. Lasch, A. Pacifico and M. Diem, Spatially resolved IR microspectroscopy of single cells, Biopolymers (Biospectroscopy), 2002, 67, 335-338.
43. D. Yang, D. J. Castro, I. E. El-Sayed, M. A. El-Sayed, R. E. Saxton and N. Y. Zhang, A Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic comparison of cultured human fibroblast and fibrosacroma cells: A new method for detection of malignancies, J. Clin. Laser Med. Surg., 1995, 13, 55-59.
44. A. Salman, J. Ramesh, V. Erukhimovitch, M. Talyshinksy, S. Mordechai and M. Huleihel, FTIR microspectroscopy of malignant fibroblasts transformed by mouse sarcoma virus, J. Biochem. Biophys.Meth., 2003, 55, 141-153.
45. M. J. Tobin,M. A. Chesters, J.M. Chalmers, F. J. M. Rutten, S. E. Fisher, I. M. Symonds, A. Hitchcock, R. Allibone and S. Dias-Gunasekara, Infrared microscopy of epithelial cancer cells in whole tissues and in tissue culture, using synchrotron radiation, Faraday Discuss., 2004, 126, 27-38
46. H. P. Wang, H. C. Wang and Y. J. Huang, Microscopic FTIR studies of lung cancer cells in pleural fluid, Sci. Total Environ., 1997, 204, 283-287.
47. N. Jamin, P. Dumas, J. Moncutt, W.-H. Fridman, J.-L. Teillaud, G. L. Carr and G. P. Williams, Highly resolved chemical imaging of living cells by using synchrotron infrared microspectrometry, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1998, 95, 4837-4840.
48. E. Gazi, J. Dwyer, N. P. Lockyer, P. Gardner, J.Miyan, C. A. Hart,M. D. Brown and N. W. Clarke, Fixation Protocols for subcellular imaging using synchrotron based FTIR-microspectroscopy, Biopolymers, 2005, 77, 18-30.
49. J. A. Kieran, Chapter 2 Fixation, In: Histological and Histochemical Methods: Theory & Practice, Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK, 1990, 10-35.
50. T. J. Harvey, C. Hughes, A. D. Ward, E. C. Faria, A. Henderson, N. W. Clarke, M. D. Brown, R. D. Snook and P. Gardner, Classification of fixed urological cells using Raman tweezers, J. Biophoton., 2009, 2(1-2), 47-69.
51. M. M. Mariani, P. Lampen, J. Popp, B. R. Wood and V. Deckert, Impact of fixation on in vitro cell culture lines monitored with Raman spectroscopy, Analyst., 2009, 134(6), 1154-61.
52. A. D. Meade, C. Clarke, F. Draux, G. D. Sockalingum,M. Manfait, F.M. Lyng, H. J. Byrne, Studies of chemical fixation effects in human cell lines using Raman microspectroscopy, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., Epub, Jan 20, 2010.
53. E. Gazi, P. Gardner, N. P. Lockyer, C. A. Hart, N. W. Clarke and M. D. Brown, Probing Lipid Translocation Between Adipocytes and Prostate Cancer Cells with Imaging FTIR Microspectroscopy, J. Lipid Res., 2007, 48, 1846-1856.
54. E. Gazi, T. J. Harvey, P. Gardner, N. P. Lockyer, C. A. Hart, N.W. Clarke and M. D. Brown, A FTIR Microspectroscopic Study of the Uptake and Metabolism of Isotopically Labelled Fatty Acids by Metastatic Prostate Cancer, Vib. Spectrosc., 2009, 50, 99-105.
55. J. Sule-Suso, D. Skingsley, G. D. Sockalingum, A. Kohler, G. Kegelaer, M. Manfait and A. J. El Haj, FT-IR microspectroscopy as a tool to assess lung cancer cells response to chemotherapy, Vib. Spectrosc., 2005, 38, 179-184.
56. P. Crow, B. Barrass, C. Kendell, M. Hart-Prieto, M. Wright, R. Persad and M. Stone, The use of Raman spectroscopy to differentiate between different prostatic adenocarcinoma cell lines, Br. J. Cancer, 2005, 92, 2166-2170.
57. C. M. Krishna, G. D. Sockalingum, G. Kegelaer, S. Rubin, V. B. Kartha and M. Manfait, Micro-Raman spectroscopy of mixed cancer cell populations, Vib. Spectrosc., 2005, 38, 95-100.
58. M. C. Krishna, G. Kegelaer, I. Adt, S. Rubin, V. B. Kartha, M. Manfait and G. D. Sockalingum, Characterisation of uterine sarcoma cell lines exhibiting MDR phenotype by vibrational spectroscopy, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 2005, 1726, 160-167.
59. E. Gazi, J. Dwyer, P. Gardner, A. Ghanbari-Siahkali, A. Wade, J. Miyan, N. P. Lockyer, J. C. Vickerman, N. W. Clarke, J. H. Shanks, L. J. Scott, C. Hart and M. Brown, Applications of FTIR-Microspectroscopy to Benign Prostate and Prostate Cancer, J. Pathol., 2003, 201, 99-108.
60. T. J. Harvey, E. Gazi, N. W. Clarke, M. D. Brown, E. C. Faria, R. D. Snook and P. Gardner, Discrimination of Prostate Cancer Cells by FTIR Photo-Acoustic Spectroscopy, Analyst., 2007, 132, 292-295.
61. T. J. Harvey, E. Gazi, A. Henderson, R. D. Snook, N. W. Clarke, M. Brown and P. Gardner, Factors influencing the Discrimination and Classification of Prostate Cancer Cell Lines by FTIR Microspectroscopy, Analyst, 2009, 134, 1083-1091.
62. S. Z. Haslam and T. L. Woodward, Host microenvironment in breast cancer development: Epithelial-cell-stromal-cell interactions and steroid hormone action in normal and cancerous mammary gland, Breast Cancer Res., 2003, 5, 208-215.
63. C. Krafft, R. Salzer, S. Seitz, C. Ern and M. Schieker, Differentiation of individual human mesenchymal stem cells probed FTIR microscopic imaging, Analyst, 2007, 132, 647-653.
64. A. D. Meade, F. M. Lyng, P. Knief and H. J. Byrne, Growth substrate induced functional changes elucidated by FTIR and Raman spectroscopy in in-vitro cultured human keratinocytes, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2007, 387, 1717-1728.
65. J. Lee, E. Gazi, J. Dwyer, N. P. Lockyer, M. D. Brown, N. W. Clarke and P. Gardner, Optical Artifacts in Transflection Mode FTIR Microspectroscopic Images of Single Cells on a Biological Support: Does Rayleigh Scattering Play a Role?, Analyst, 2007, 132, 750-755.
66. H.-Y. N. Holman, R. Goth-Goldstein, M. C. Martin, M. L. Russell and W. R. McKinney, Low-dose responses to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-pdioxin in single living human cells measured by synchrotron infrared spectromicroscopy, Environ. Sci. Technol., 2000, 34, 2513-2517.
67. D. Moss, M. Keese and R. Pepperkok, IR microspectroscopy of live cells, Vib. Spectrosc., 2005, 38, 185-191.
68. H. Y. N. Holman, M. C.Martin and W. R. McKinney, Synchrotron-based FTIR spectromicroscopy: Cytotoxicity and heating considerations, J. Biomed. Phys., 2003, 29, 275-286.
69. M. Miljkovic, M. Romeo, C. Matthaus and M. Diem, Infrared microspectroscopy of individual human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells suspended in growth medium, Biopolymers, 2004, 74, 172-175.
70. F. Draux, P. Jeannesson, A. Beljebbar, A. Tfayli, N. Fourre, M. Manfait, J. Sulé-Suso and G. D. Sockalingum, Raman spectral imaging of single living cancer cells: a preliminary study, Analyst, 2009, 134(3), 542-8.
71. C. Krafft, T. Knetschke, A. Siegner, R. H. W. Funk and R. Salzer, Mapping of single cells by near infrared Raman microspectroscopy, Vib. Spectrosc., 2003, 32, 75-83.
72. K. Kneipp, A. S. Haka, H. Kneipp, K. Badizadegan, N. Yoshizawa, C. Boone, K. E. Shafer-Peltier, J. T. Motz, R. R. Dasari and M. S. Feld, Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy in single living cells using gold nanoparticles, Appl. Spectrosc., 2002, 56, 150-154.
73. K. Kneipp, H. Kneipp and H. Kneipp, Surface-enhanced Raman scattering in local optical fields of silver and gold nanoaggregates - From singlemolecule Raman spectroscopy to ultrasenstive probing in live cells, Acc. Chem. Res., 2006, 39, 443-450.
74. L. B. Feril, T. Kondo, Y. Tabuchi, R. Ogawa, Q.-L. Zhao, T. Nozaki, T. Yoshida, N. Kudo and K. Tachibana, Biomolecular effects of lowintensity ultrasound: apoptosis, sonotransfection, and gene expression, Japan. J. Appl. Phys., 2007, 46, 4435-4440.
75. J. X. Cheng, Y. K. Jia, G. Zheng and X. S. Xie, Laser-scanning coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy and applications to cell biology, Biophys. J., 2002, 83, 502-509.
76. X. Nan, E. O. Potma and X. S. Xie, Nonperturbative chemical imaging of organelle transport in living cells with coherent anti-stokes Raman scattering microscopy, Biophys J., 2006, 91(2), 728-35.
77. H. Rinia, K. N. Burger, M. Bonn and M. Muller, Quantitative label-free imaging of lipid composition and packing of individual cellular lipid droplets using multiplex CARS microscopy, Biophys. J., 2008, 95, 4908-4914.
78. C. W. Freudiger, W. Min, B. G. Saar, S. Lu, G. R. Holtom, C. He, J. C. Tsai, J. X. Kang and X. S. Xie, Label-free biomedical imaging with high sensitivity by stimulated Raman scattering microscopy, Science, 2008, 322(5909), 1857-61.
79. J. W. Chan, D. S. Taylor, T. Zwerdling, S. M. Lane, K. Ihara and T. Huser, Micro-Raman spectroscopy detects individual neoplastic and normal hematopoietic cells, Biophys. J., 2006, 90(2), 648-56.
80. J. W. Chan, D. S. Taylor, S. M. Lane, T. Zwerdling, J. Tuscano and T. Huser, Nondestructive identification of individual leukemia cells by laser trapping Raman spectroscopy, Anal. Chem., 2008, 80(6), 2180-7.
81. J. W. Chan and D. K. Lieu, Label-free biochemical characterization of stem cells using vibrational spectroscopy, J. Biophoton., 2009, 2(11), 656-68.
82. T. J. Harvey, E. Correia Faria, E. Gazi, A. D. Ward, N. W. Clarke, M. D. Brown, R. D. Snook and P. Gardner, The Spectral Discrimination of Live Prostate and Bladder Cancer Cell Lines Using Raman Optical Tweezers, J. Biomed. Opt., 2008, 13, 064004.
83. G. Hastings, R. Wang, P. Krug, D. Katz and J. Hilliard, Infrared microscopy for the study of biological cell monolayers. I. Spectral effects of acetone and formalin fixation., Biopolymers, 2008, 89, 921-930.