Assessing students' professionalism: Considering professionalism's diverging definitions

Education for Health: Change in Learning and Practice

Volumn 24, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 1-10

  Aguilar, A E ^a   Stupans, L ^b   Scutter, S ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEW ENGLAND   (Australia)

^c JAMES COOK UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Assessment of professionalism; Professional attitudes; Professional behaviours; Professional values; Professionalism

Indexed keywords

EID: 84555170710     PISSN: 13576283     EISSN: 14695804     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Cohen J. Professionalism in medical education, an American perspective: From evidence to accountability. Medical Education. 2006; 40:607-617.
2. Hammer D, Berger B, Beardsley R, Easton M. Student Professionalism. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 2003; 67(3):1-29.
3. Maastricht University. How to assess professionalism? 2010 [cited 2010 26 February]; Available from: http://www.unimaas.nl/default.asp?template=werkveld.htm&id=J555UERP57251SKJ3JG1&taal=nl.
4. Coulehan J. Today's professionalism: Engaging the mind but not the heart. Academic Medicine. 2005; 80(10):892-898.
5. Hafferty FW. Definitions of professionalism: A search for meaning and identity. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 2006; 449:193-204.
6. Swick HM. Toward a normative definition of medical professionalism. Academic Medicine. 2000; 75(6):612-616.
7. Wagner P, Hendrich J, Moseley G, Hudson V. Defining medical professionalism: A qualitative study. Medical Education. 2007; 41:288-294.
8. Richardson B. Professional education and professional practice today- do they match? Physiotherapy. 1992; 78(1):23-26.
9. Rowley B, Baldwin D, Bay RC, Cannula M. Can professional values be taught? A look at residency training. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 2000; 378:110-114.
10. van Mook WNKA, Gorter S, de Grave W, van Luijk SJ, O'Sullivan H, Wass V, Zwaveling JH, Schuwirth L, van der Vleuten CPM. Professionalism beyond medical school: An educational continuum? European Journal of Internal Medicine. 2009; 20:e148-e152.
11. van Mook WNKA, van Luijk SJ, de Grave W, O'Sullivan H, Wass V, Schuwirth L, van der Vleuten CPM. Teaching and learning professional behavior in practice. European Journal of Internal Medicine. 2009; 20:e105-e111.
12. Ainsworth M, Szauter K. Medical student professionalism: Are we measuring the right behaviors? A comparison of professional lapses by students and physicians. Academic Medicine. 2006; 81(10):S83-S86.
13. Arnold E, Blank L, Race K, Cipparrone N. Can professionalism be measured? The development of a scale for use in the medical environment. Academic Medicine. 1998; 73(10):1119-1121.
14. Arnold L. Assessing professional behavior: Yesterday, today and tomorrow. Academic Medicine. 2002; 77(6):502-515.
15. Fontaine S, Wilkinson T. Monitoring medical student's professional attributes: Development of an instrument and process. Advances in Health Sciences Education. 2003; 8:127-137.
16. Hawkins RE, Katsufrakis PJ, Holtman MC, Clauser BE. Assessment of medical professionalism: Who, what, when, where, how, and.why? Medical Teacher. 2009; 31:348-361.
17. Lynch D, Surdyk P, Eiser A. Assessing professionalism: A review of the literature. Medical Teacher. 2004; 26(4):366-373.
18. van Mook WNKA, van Luijk SJ, O'Sullivan H, Wass V, Zwaveling JH, Schuwirth L, van der Vleuten CPM. The concepts of professionalism and professional behaviour: Conflicts in both definition and learning outcomes. European Journal of Internal Medicine. 2009; 20:e85-e89.
19. Epstein R, Hundert E. Defining and assessing professional competence. Journal of the American Medical Association. 2002; 287(2):226-235.
20. Frank JR. (Ed.) The CanMEDS 2005 physician competency framework: Better standards. Better physicians. Better care. The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada, 2005.
21. Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education. Accreditation council for graduate medical education: Outcome Project. 2010 [cited 2010 26 November]; Available from: http://www.acgme.org/acWebsite/home/home.asp
22. Crossley J, Humphris G, Folly B. Assessing health professionals. Medical Education. 2002; 36:800-804.
23. Cruess R, McIlroy J, Cruess S, Ginsburg S, Steinert Y. The professionalism mini-evaluation exercise: A preliminary investigation. Academic Medicine. 2006; 81(10):S74-S78.
24. Phelan S, Obenshain S, Galey W. Evaluation of the noncognitive professional traits of medical students. Academic Medicine. 1993; 68(10):799-803.
25. Symons A, Swanson A, McGuigan D, Orrange S, Akl EA. A tool for self-assessment of communication skills and professionalism in residents. BMC Medical Education [online]. 2009; 9(1). Available from: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6920/9/1.
26. Ginsburg S, Stern D. The professionalism movement: Behaviors are the key to progress. The American Journal of Bioethics. 2004; 4(2):14-15.
27. Ginsburg S, Regehr G, Hatala R, McNaughton N, Frohna A, Hodges B, Lingard L, Stern D. Context, conflict, and resolution: A new conceptual framework for evaluating professionalism. Academic Medicine. 2000; 75(10):S6-S11.
28. Rees C, Knight L. Viewpoint: The trouble with assessing students' professionalism: Theoretical insights from sociocognitive psychology. Academic Medicine. 2007; 82(1):46-50.
29. Dige M. Occupational therapy, professional development, and ethics. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. 2009; 16:88-98.
30. Ginsburg S, Regehr G, Stern D, Lingard L. The anatomy of the professional lapse: Bridging the gap between traditional frameworks and students' perceptions. Academic Medicine. 2002; 77(6):516-522.
31. Disney J, Basten J, Redmon P, Ross S. Lawyers. 2nd ed. North Ryde, NSW: The Law Book Co; 1986.
32. Kopelman LM. Values and virtues: How should they be taught? Academic Medicine. 1999; 74(12):1307-1310.
33. American Board of Internal Medicine. Project professionalism. Pennsylvania: ABIM; 2001 [cited 2010 24 March]; Available from: http://www.abimfoundation.org/Resource%20Center/Bibliography/~/media/Files/Resource%20Center/Project%20professionalism.ashx.
34. Royal College of Physicians of London. Doctors in society - Medical professionalism in a changing world. 2005 [cited 2010 10 April]; Available from: http://bookshop.rcplondon.ac.uk/contents/pub75-241bae2f-4b63-4ea9-8f63-99d67c573ca9.pdf
35. Kanny E. Core values and attitudes of occupational therapy practice. American Journal of Occupational Therapy. 1993; 47:1085-1086.
36. Low Y, Omar E, Thirumoorthy T. The seven core virtues in medical professionalism. Singapore General Hospital Proceedings. 2009; 18(3):73-79.
37. Holm I. Ideas and beliefs in architecture and industrial design: How attitudes, orientations, and underlying assumptions shape the built environment. Oslo: Oslo School of Architecture and Design; 2006.
38. Van De Camp K, Vernooij-Dassen MJFJ, Grol RPTM, Bottema BJAM. How to conceptualize professionalism: A qualitative study. Medical Teacher. 2004; 26(8):696-702.
39. DiGiacomo M. Professionalism: Values in action. Magazine of Physical Therapy. 2004: 44-47.
40. Reich B, Adcock C. Values, attitudes and behaviour change. London: Methuen; 1976.
41. Johnson-Cartee K, Copeland G. Strategic political communication: Rethinking social influence, persuasion, and propaganda. Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield; 2004.
42. Ginsburg S, Regehr G, Mylopoulos M. From behaviours to attributions: Further concerns regarding the evaluation of professionalism. Medical Education. 2009; 43:414-425.
43. Ellsbury K, Carline J, Wenrich M. Competing professionalism values among community-based family physicians. Academic Medicine. 2006; 81(10):S25-S29.
44. Verplanken B, Holland R. Motivated decision making: Effects of activation and self-centrality of values on choices and behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2002; 82(3):434-447.
45. Dreezens E, Martijn C, Tenbult P, Kok G, de Vries NK. The missing link: On strenghtening the relationship between values and attitudes. Basic and Applied Social Psychology. 2008; 30:142-152.
46. Weiten W. Psychology: Themes and variations. 7th ed. Belmont, California: Thomson/Wadsworth; 2007.
47. JHA V, Bekker HL, Duffy SRG, Roberts TE. A systematic review of studies assessing and facilitating attitudes towards professionalism in medicine. Medical Education. 2007; 41:822-829.
48. Martimianakis MA, Maniate JM, Hodges BD. Sociological interpretations of professionalism. Medical Education. 2009; 43:829-837.
49. Misch D. Evaluating physicians' professionalism and humanism:The case for humanism "connoisseurs". Academic Medicine. 2002; 77(6):489-495.
50. Gross S, Niman M. Attitude-behavior consistency: A Review. The Public Opinion Quarterly. 1975; 39(3):358-368.
51. Blackall G, Melnick S, Shoop G, George J, Lerner S, Wilson P, Pees R, Kreher M. Professionalism in medical education: The development and validation of a survey instrument to assess attitudes toward professionalism. Medical Teacher. 2007; 29:e58-e62.
52. Wear D, Kuczewski M. The professionalism movement: Can we pause? The American Journal of Bioethics. 2004; 4(2):1-10.
53. American Board of Internal Medicine. Improve your practice with PIMs n.d. [cited 2010 13 December]; Available from:.http://www.abim.org/online/pim/demo.aspx