Student professionalism

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education

Volumn 67, Issue 3, 2003, Pages

  Hammer, Dana P ^a   Berger, Bruce A ^b   Beardsley, Robert S ^c   Easton, Michelle R ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b AUBURN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND SCHOOL OF PHARMACY   (United States)

^d HAMPTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Professionalism; Student

Indexed keywords

EID: 1942445756     PISSN: 00029459     EISSN: 15536467     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5688/aj670396     Document Type: Review

References (108)

1. Hafferty FW. In search of a lost cord. In: Wear D, Bickel J, eds. Educating for Professionalism. Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa Press;2000:11-34.
2. Martinez R. Professional role in health care institutions. In: Wear D, Bickel J, eds. Educating for Professionalism. Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa Press;2000:35-48.
3. Dixon KM. The challenge of moral leadership. Presented at the October 9, 1999, American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists Meeting, Dallas, Texas.
4. Buerki R, Vottero L. The Purposes of Professions in Society. In Knowlton C, Penna R, eds. Pharmaceutical Care. New York, NY: Arnold, Edward Publishers;1996: 3-4.
5. rd ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins;1989: 23-57.
6. Cruess R, Cruess S. Teaching medicine as a profession in the service of healing. Acad Med. 1997;72:941-52.
7. "Pharmacy" Encyclopaedia Britannica Retrieved Feb 16, 2003, from Encyclopedia Britannica Premium Service.
8. Cruess R, Cruess S. Teaching professionalism. Brit Med J. 1997;314:1674-77.
9. Denzin NK, Mettlin CJ. Incomplete professionalization: The case of pharmacy. Social Forces. 1968;46:375-382.
10. Montague JB Jr. Pharmacy and the concept of professionalism. J Am Phar. Assoc. 1968;NS8(5):228-30.
11. Smith MC. Implications of 'professionalization' for pharmacy education. Am J Pharm Educ. 1970;34:16-32.
12. Shuval JT, Gilbert L. Attempts at professionalization of pharmacy: An Israel case study. Soc Sci Med. 1974;12:19-25.
13. Ladinsky J. Professionalism and pharmacy education in the contemporary period. Am J Pharm Educ. 1974;38:679-686.
14. Pierpaoili MS. What is a Professional. Hosp Pharm Times. 1992; May: 9-10.
15. Wolfgang AP. Challenging students to consider pharmacy's professional status. Am J Pharm Educ. 1989;53:174-77.
16. th ed. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster Inc.;1997:930.
17. APhA-ASP/AACP-COD Task Force on Professionalism. White paper on pharmacy student professionalism. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2000;40:96-102. Also available at: http://www.aphanet.org/students/whitepaper.pdf
18. Beardsley RS. Chair report of the APhA-ASP/AACP-COD Task Force on Professionalization: Enhancing professionalism in pharmacy education and practice. Am J Pharm Educ. 1996;60:26S-28S.
19. Medical Professionalism Project. Medical professionalism in the new millennium: A physician charter. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:243-246.
20. Parsons T. The Social System. Glencoe, IL: The Free Press; 1951.
21. Greenwood E. Attributes of a profession. Soc Work. 1957;2:44-55.
22. Strauss G. Professionalism and occupational associations. Ind Rel. 1963;II:8-9.
23. Wilensky HL. The professionalization of everyone? Am J Soc. 1964;70:137-46.
24. st ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1966:65.
25. Hall RH. Professionalization and bureaucratization. Am Soc Rev. 1968;33:92-104.
26. Chalmers RK. Contemporary issues: Professionalism in pharmacy. Tomorrow's Pharmacist. 1997;March:10-12.
27. Purkerson Hammer D, Mason HL, Chalmers RK, Popovich NG, Rupp MT. Development and testing of an instrument to assess behavioral professionalism of pharmacy students. Am J Pharm Educ. 2000;64:141-151.
28. American Board of Internal Medicine Committees on Evaluation of Clinical Competence and Clinical Competence and Communication Programs. Project Professionalism. Philadelphia, PA: American Board of Internal Medicine; 2001:5-6.
29. Purkerson Hammer D. Professional attitudes and behaviors: The "As and Bs" of professionalism. Am J Pharm Educ. 2000;64:455-464.
30. Bouldin AS, Bentley JP. Using the critical incident technique to investigate the concept of pharmacy student professionalism. Am J Pharm Educ. 2002;66: 96S.
31. Chicago College of Pharmacy. Available at: www.midwestern.edu/ccp/. Accessed on: September 15, 2003.
32. Fishbein M, Azjen I. Belief, Attitude, Intention, And Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Pub. Co.; 1975.
33. Fishbein M. A consideration of beliefs, and their role in attitude measurement. In Fishbein M., ed. Readings in Attitude Theory and Measurement. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.; 1967: 257.
34. Epstein RM, Hundert EM. Defining and assessing professional competence. JAMA. 2002;287: 226-235.
35. Gadow S. Existential advocacy: Philosophical foundation of nursing. In: Spicker SF, Gadow S, eds. Nursing: Images and Ideals. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company; 1990:79-101.
36. Gait KA, Markert R. Description and assessment of an early curriculum to teach pharmacy students caring behaviours. Pharm Educ. 2002;2:23-30.
37. Coulehan J, Williams PC. Professional ethics and social activism. In: Wear D, Bickel J, eds. Educating for Professionalism. Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa Press;2000:49-69.
38. Hepler CD, Strand LM. Opportunities and responsibilities in pharmaceutical care. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1990;47:533-43.
39. Vottero LD. The 1994 code of ethics for pharmacists and pharmaceutical care. J Pharm Teach. 1996;5:154.
40. st ed. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press;1957.
41. Sherlock BJ, Morris RT. The evolution of a professional: A paradigm. Soc Inq. 1967;37: 27-46.
42. Simpson IH. Patterns of socialization into professions: The case of student nurses. Soc Inq. 1967;37:47-54.
43. Lacy WB. Interpersonal relationships as mediators of structural effects: College student socialization in a traditional and an experimental university environment. Soc Educ. 1978;51:201-211.
44. Baszanger I. Professional socialization and social control: From medical students to general practitioners. Soc Cci Med. 1985;20:133-143.
45. Fitzpatrick J, While AE, Roberts JD. Key influences on the professional socialisation and practice of students undertaking different preregistration nurse education programmes in the United Kingdom. Int J Nurs Stud. 1996;33:506-518.
46. Lurvey P, Woodward JMB. Paper presented at the Social and Administrative Sciences Section Program, AACP Annual Meeting, Reno NV; 1996.
47. Yang TS, Fjortoft NF. Developing into a professional: Students' perspectives. Am J Pharm Educ. 1997;61: 83S.
48. Meyer S, Trinca C. Competence for pharmaceutical care. In Knowlton C, Penna R, eds. Pharmaceutical Care. New York, NY: Arnold, Edward Publishers; 1996: 283-290, 295.
49. Manasse HR, Stewart JE Jr., Hall RH. Inconsistent socialization in pharmacy - a pattern in need of change. J Am Pharm Assoc. 1975;15: 616-621.
50. Schwirian PM, Fachinetti NJ. Professional socialization and disillusionment: The case of pharmacy. Am J Pharm Educ. 1975;39: 18-23..
51. Thomas SG, Beck DE, Janer A. Effect of a continuous pharmacy practice experience on student attitudes, motivation, and communication skills. Am J Pharm Educ. 1997;61:125-131.
52. APhA-ASP. Embrace Professionalism. Pharm. Stud. Washington, DC: APhA; 2002:Sept-Oct. Also available at: http://www.aphanet.org/students/ps_novdec. html/. Accessed April 8, 2003.
53. For more information, contact SNAPhA at http://www.npha.net/snpha/. Accessed April 8, 2003.
54. Brown D, Ferrill MJ, Hinton AB, Shek A. Self-directed professional development: The pursuit of affective learning. Am J Pharm Educ. 2001;65:240-246.
55. Ried LD, Brazeau GA, Kimberlin C, Meldrum M, McKenzie M. Students' perceptions of their preparation to provide pharmaceutical care. Am J Pharm Educ. 2002;66:347-356.
56. Berger BA. Incivility. Am J Pharm Educ. 2000;64:445-450.
57. Latif DA. Cognitive moral development and pharmacy education. Am J Pharm Educ. 2000;64:451-454.
58. Abstracts of Drs. Berger's, Latif's and Hammer's presentations are also available at http://www.aacp.org/site/445. Accessed April 8, 2003.
59. Center for Advancement of Pharmaceutical Education Advisory Panel on Educational Outcomes, Educational Outcomes. Alexandria, VA: AACP; 1998:5. Available at http://www.aacp.org/ Docs/MainNavigation/Resources/3933_edoutcom. doc?DocTypeID=4&TrackID=&VID=1&CID=410&DID=366. Accessed April 8, 2003.
60. American Council on Pharmaceutical Education. Accreditation Standards and Guidelines for the Professional Program in Pharmacy Leading to the Doctor of Pharmacy Degree Adopted June 14, 1997. Chicago, IL: ACPE; 1997. Also available at http://www.acpe-accredit.org/docs/pubs/2000_STANDARDS.doc. Accessed April 8, 2003.
61. Whitcomb ME, ed. Professionalism. Acad Med. 2002:77(theme issue):473-586.
62. Principles of Practice, Pharmaceutical Care, American Pharmacists Association, Available at: http://www.aphanet.org/pharmcare/prinprac.html. Accessed July 1, 2003.
63. Hammer DP. Improving professionalism in your practice. Drug Store News. 2002;Oct-Dec: 19-24.
64. Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy. Available at: http://pharmacy.auburn.edu/. Accessed September 15, 2003.
65. Eckhardt JA. Effects of program design in the professional socialization of RN-BSN students. J Prof Nurs. 2002;18: 157-164.
66. Beardsley RS, Hayes M. Developing 3:4 dual degree programs: Linking undergraduate and professional education. Am J Pharm Educ. 2001;65: 355-358.
67. Awe C, Sagraves R, Spunt A, Janeen-Winnike J. Prescription for educational excellence: College of pharmacy's partnership program. Am J Pharm Educ. 1999;63:93S.
68. Easton M, Johnson-Fannin A, Ford C, Bleidt B, Fannin L. Implementing early experiential exposure as a requirement for entrance into the professional curriculum. Am J Pharm Educ. 2000;64:97S.
69. Application for Students, PharmCAS. Available at http://portal.pharmcas. org/ins_gen_instructions.htm. Accessed July 1, 2003.
70. University of Washington School of Pharmacy. Available at: http://depts.washington.edu/pha/. Accessed September 15, 2003.
71. Chesnut RJ. Personal SOAP notes: Use of a health professions tool for pharmacy students. Am J Pharm Educ. 1999;63:83S.
72. Brown ME, Kirschenbaum HL, Bazil MK, et al. Orientation seminar for students entering the professional phase of the pharmacy curriculum. Am J Pharm Educ. 1998;62:84S.
73. Brandt B, Lubawy WC, Green D, Clements M. The professional development workshop: Orientation to pharmacy school. Am J Pharm Educ. 1998;62;127S.
74. Carter BL, Brunson BJ, Hatfield CL, Valuck RJ. Description of an introductory course designed to socialize pharmacy students. Am J Pharm Educ. 2000;64:166-172.
75. Papadakis MA, Loeser H, Healy K. Early detection and evaluation of professionalism deficiencies in medical students: One school's approach. Acad Med. 2001;76:1100-1106.
76. Greenwood J. The apparent desensitization of student nurses during their professional socialization: A cognitive perspective. J. Adv Nurs. 1993;18:1471-1479.
77. Klein EJ, Jackson JC, Kratz L, et al. Teaching professionalism to residents. Acad Med. 2003;78: 26-34. 78.
78. University of Colorado Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy. Available at: http://www.uchsc.edu/sop/. Accessed September 15, 2003.
79. Hampton University School of Pharmacy. Available at: http://www.hamptonu. edu/Pharm/Index.htm. Accessed September 15, 2003.
80. University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy. Available at: http://www.pharm.sc.edu/. Accessed September 15, 2003.
81. University of Maryland School of Pharmacy. Available at: http://www.pharmacy.umaryland.edu. Accessed September 15, 2003.
82. Manley HJ, Lindsey CC, Dugan JP, Knell ME. University of Missouri-Kansas City curricular model integrating instruction and assessment of general and professional abilities. Am J Pharm Educ. 2001;65:112S. 83.
83. Nesbitt School of Pharmacy. Available at: http://www.wilkes.edu/pharm/. Accessed September 15, 2003.
84. Loma Linda University School of Pharmacy. Available at: http://www.llu.edu/llu/sps/. Accessed September 15, 2003.
85. University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. Available at: http://www.pcps.edu/pcp/. Accessed September 15, 2003.
86. Drake University College of Pharmacy. Available at: http://pharmacy. drake.edu/. Accessed September 15, 2003.
87. Purdue University School of Pharmacy. Available at: http://www.pharmacy. purdue.edu/. Accessed September 15, 2003.
88. St. Louis College of Pharmacy. Available at: http://web.stlcop.edu. Accessed September 15, 2003.
89. Washington State University College of Pharmacy. Available at: http://www.pharmacy.wsu.edu/. Accessed September 15, 2003.
90. Bazil MK, Kirschenbaum HL. Student membership on standing committees at colleges and schools of pharmacy. Am J Pharm Educ. 1998;62:66-71.
91. West D. How can professional associations and the pharmaceutical industry foster professionalism in pharmacy students? Miss. Pharm.. 1996; Spring: 22-23.
92. Anonymous. Mortar and Pestle Professionalism Essay. Pharm Stud. 2003;May/June:12.
93. Phelan S, Obenshain SS, Galey, WR. Evaluation of noncognitive professional traits of medical students. Acad Med. 1993;68:799-803.
94. Wright WR Jr, Dirsa AE, Martin SS. Physician mentoring: A process to maximize the success of new physicians and enhance synchronization of the group. J Med Prac Mgmt. 2002;18:133-7.
95. Hoffman B. Mentoring: On having one and being one. Academic Life Series. Alexandria, VA: AACP; 1991. Available at: http://www.aacp.org/site/tertiary.asp? TRACKID=&VID=2&CID =513&DID=3939. Accessed May 2, 2003.
96. Kram K. Mentoring at Work. Glenview, IL: Scott Foresman and Company; 1985:49.
97. Fung S, Norton LL, Ferrill MJ, Supernaw RB. Promoting professionalism through mentoring via the internet. Am J Pharm Educ. 1997;61:166-169.
98. Schwartz AH, Alsharif NZ. Development of a virtual mentor program. Am J Pharm Educ. 2002;66: 81WS-82S.
99. APhA-ASP Virtual Mentoring Program, American Pharmacists Association. Available at: http://www.aphanet.org/students/mentoring/whatisvm.html. Accessed July 2, 2003.
100. ASHP Virtual Mentoring Exchange, American Society of Health-Systems Pharmacists. Available at http://www.ashp.org/virtualmentoring/index.cfm?cfid= 11486026 &CFToken=94800288. Accessed July 2, 2003.
101. Raehl CL, Nelson AA. Developing new pharmacy practice faculty. Am J Pharm Educ. 2001;65:101S-102S.
102. Hollenbeck RG. Enabling careers in academic pharmacy. Am J Pharm Educ. 2002;66:101S.
103. Zeind C, Wizwer P, Fasser C, et al. Faculty mentoring program (FMP). Am J Pharm Educ. 2000;64:104S.
104. Ritchie D, Burke J, Dahdal W, et al. Clinical faculty mentoring. Am J Pharm Educ. 1999;63:73S.
105. Popovich NG. Educational care of pharmacy. Am J Pharm Educ. 1991;55:349-355.
106. Popovich NG. Educational care of pharmacy part II: A commitment to quality. Am J Pharm Educ. 1992;56:381-385.
107. Becker ES, Schafermeyer KW. Educational care 101: Prerequisite for pharmaceutical care. J Pharm Teach. 1993;3:3-14.
108. Wells BG. Leadership for reaffirmation of professionalism. Am J Pharm Educ. 2002;66:334-335.