Adipokines: Biofactors from white adipose tissue. A complex hub among inflammation, metabolism, and immunity

BioFactors

Volumn 37, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 413-420

  Conde, Javier ^a   Scotece, Morena ^a   Gómez, Rodolfo ^b   López, Verónica ^a   Gómez Reino, Juan Jesús ^a   Lago, Francisca ^c   Gualillo, Oreste ^a  

^a Santiago University Clinical Hospital   (Spain)

^b Hospital UniversitarioFundación Jiménez Díaz   (Spain)

^c Instituto de Salud Carlos III   (Spain)

Author keywords

Adipokines; Adipose tissue; Inflammation

Indexed keywords

ADAMTS1 PROTEIN; ADIPOCYTOKINE; ADIPONECTIN; CELL ADHESION MOLECULE; GAMMA INTERFERON; GELATINASE B; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE KINASE; INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE; INTERLEUKIN 1; INTERLEUKIN 1 RECEPTOR; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 17; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; INTERLEUKIN 6; INTERLEUKIN 8; INTERSTITIAL COLLAGENASE; LEPTIN; MONOCYTE CHEMOTACTIC PROTEIN 1; NEUROPEPTIDE Y; NEUTROPHIL GELATINASE ASSOCIATED LIPOCALIN; NICOTINAMIDE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR ALPHA; PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA; PROSTAGLANDIN E2; RESISTIN; STROMELYSIN; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA; VASCULAR CELL ADHESION MOLECULE 1;

ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; APOPTOSIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; BLOOD LEVEL; BODY FAT DISTRIBUTION; CARTILAGE CELL; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CHOLESTASIS; CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE; CRITICALLY ILL PATIENT; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; DISEASE DURATION; ENERGY CONSUMPTION; ENTERITIS; ENZYME ACTIVATION; ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE; FATTY ACID OXIDATION; FOOD INTAKE; GLUCONEOGENESIS; HUMAN; IMMUNITY; INFLAMMATION; INSULIN RESISTANCE; IRON METABOLISM; LIPID STORAGE; LIVER CELL DAMAGE; LIVER CIRRHOSIS; METABOLISM; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; NEPHRITIS; NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; NONHUMAN; OSTEOARTHRITIS; PNEUMONIA; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; WHITE ADIPOSE TISSUE;

ACUTE-PHASE PROTEINS; ADIPOKINES; ADIPONECTIN; ADIPOSE TISSUE, WHITE; ANIMALS; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION; LEPTIN; LIPOCALINS; NICOTINAMIDE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE; OBESITY; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS; RESISTIN;

EID: 84155163931     PISSN: 09516433     EISSN: 18728081     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/biof.185     Document Type: Review

References (102)

1. Zhang, Y., Proenca, R., Maffei, M., Barone, M., Leopold, L., and Friedman, J. M. ( 1994) Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature 372, 425-432.
2. Trayhurn, P. and Wood, I. S. ( 2004) Adipokines: inflammation and the pleiotropic role of white adipose tissue. Br. J. Nutr. 92, 347-355.
3. Trayhurn, P. and Wood, I. S. ( 2005) Signalling role of adipose tissue: adipokines and inflammation in obesity. Biochem. Soc. Trans. 33, 1078-1081.
4. Hotamisligil, G. S., Shargill, N. S., and Spiegelman, B. M. ( 1993) Adipose expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha: direct role in obesity-linked insulin resistance. Science 259, 87-91.
5. Flower, L., Gray, R., Pinkney, J., and Mohamed-Ali, V. ( 2003) Stimulation of interleukin-6 release by interleukin-1beta from isolated human adipocytes. Cytokine 21, 32-37.
6. Harden, L. M., du Plessis, I., Poole, S., and Laburn, H. P. ( 2006) Interleukin-6 and leptin mediate lipopolysaccharide-induced fever and sickness behavior. Physiol. Behav. 89, 146-155.
7. Trayhurn, P., Bing, C., and Wood, I. S. ( 2006) Adipose tissue and adipokines--energy regulation from the human perspective. J. Nutr. 136, 1935S-1939S.
8. Ahima, R. S., Prabakaran, D., Mantzoros, C., Qu, D., Lowell, B., Maratos-Flier, E., and Flier, J. S. ( 1996) Role of leptin in the neuroendocrine response to fasting. Nature 382, 250-252.
9. Gualillo, O., Eiras, S., Lago, F., Dieguez, C., and Casanueva, F. F. ( 2000) Elevated serum leptin concentrations induced by experimental acute inflammation. Life Sci. 67, 2433-2441.
10. Otero, M., Lago, R., Gomez, R., Lago, F., Dieguez, C., Gomez-Reino, J. J., and Gualillo, O. ( 2006) Changes in plasma levels of fat-derived hormones adiponectin, leptin, resistin and visfatin in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 65, 1198-1201.
11. Shapiro, N. I., Trzeciak, S., Hollander, J. E., Birkhahn, R., Otero, R., Osborn, T. M., Moretti, E., Nguyen, H. B., Gunnerson, K., Milzman, D., Gaieski, D. F., Goyal, M., Cairns, C. B., Kupfer, K., Lee, S. W., and Rivers, E. P. ( 2010) The diagnostic accuracy of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in the prediction of acute kidney injury in emergency department patients with suspected sepsis. Ann. Emerg. Med. 56, 52-59.e1.
12. Otero, M., Lago, R., Lago, F., Reino, J. J., and Gualillo, O. ( 2005) Signalling pathway involved in nitric oxide synthase type II activation in chondrocytes: synergistic effect of leptin with interleukin-1. Arthritis Res. Ther. 7, R581-R591.
13. Seven, A., Guzel, S., Aslan, M., and Hamuryudan, V. ( 2009) Serum and synovial fluid leptin levels and markers of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol. Int. 29, 743-747.
14. Otero, M., Gomez Reino, J. J., and Gualillo, O. ( 2003) Synergistic induction of nitric oxide synthase type II: in vitro effect of leptin and interferon-gamma in human chondrocytes and ATDC5 chondrogenic cells. Arthritis Rheum. 48, 404-409.
15. Gomez, R., Scotece, M., Conde, J., Gomez-Reino, J. J., Lago, F., and Gualillo, O. ( 2011) Adiponectin and leptin increase IL-8 production in human chondrocytes. Ann Rheum Dis. doi:10.1136/ard.2010.145672.
16. Targonska-Stepniak, B., Majdan, M., and Dryglewska, M. ( 2008) Leptin serum levels in rheumatoid arthritis patients: relation to disease duration and activity. Rheumatol Int. 28, 585-591.
17. Busso, N., So, A., Chobaz-Peclat, V., Morard, C., Martinez-Soria, E., Talabot-Ayer, and D., Gabay, C. ( 2002) Leptin signaling deficiency impairs humoral and cellular immune responses and attenuates experimental arthritis. J. Immunol. 168, 875-882.
18. Oner-Iyidogan, Y., Gurdol, F., Kocak, H., Oner, P., Cetinalp-Demircan, P., Caliskan, Y., Kocak, T., and Turkmen, A. ( 2011) Appetite-regulating Hormones in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. J. Ren. Nutr. 21, 316-321.
19. Yarandi, S. S., Hebbar, G., Sauer, C. G., Cole, C. R., and Ziegler, T. R. ( 2011) Diverse roles of leptin in the gastrointestinal tract: modulation of motility, absorption, growth, and inflammation. Nutrition 27, 269-275.
20. Duval, C., Thissen, U., Keshtkar, S., Accart, B., Stienstra, R., Boekschoten, M. V., Roskams, T., Kersten, S., and Muller, M. ( 2010) Adipose tissue dysfunction signals progression of hepatic steatosis towards nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in C57BL/6 mice. Diabetes 59, 3181-3191.
21. Tschop, J., Nogueiras, R., Haas-Lockie, S., Kasten, K. R., Castaneda, T. R., Huber, N., Guanciale, K., Perez-Tilve, D., Habegger, K., Ottaway, N., Woods, S. C., Oldfield, B., Clarke, I., Chua, S. Jr, Farooqi, I. S., O'Rahilly, S., Caldwell, C. C., and Tschop, M. H. ( 2010) CNS leptin action modulates immune response and survival in sepsis. J. Neurosci. 30, 6036-6047.
22. Faggioni, R., Fantuzzi, G., Gabay, C., Moser, A., Dinarello, C. A., Feingold, K. R., and Grunfeld, C. ( 1999) Leptin deficiency enhances sensitivity to endotoxin-induced lethality. Am. J. Physiol. 276, R136-R142.
23. Faggioni, R., Moser, A., Feingold, K. R., and Grunfeld, C. ( 2000) Reduced leptin levels in starvation increase susceptibility to endotoxic shock. Am. J. Pathol. 156, 1781-1787.
24. Shapiro, N. I., Khankin, E. V., Van Meurs, M., Shih, S. C., Lu, S., Yano, M., Castro, P. R., Maratos-Flier, E., Parikh, S. M., Karumanchi, S. A., and Yano, K. ( 2010) Leptin exacerbates sepsis-mediated morbidity and mortality. J. Immunol. 185, 517-524.
25. Shin, J. H., Kim, J. H., Lee, W. Y., and Shim, J. Y. ( 2008) The expression of adiponectin receptors and the effects of adiponectin and leptin on airway smooth muscle cells. Yonsei Med. J. 49, 804-810.
26. Shore, S. A., Rivera-Sanchez, Y. M., Schwartzman, I. N., and Johnston, R. A. ( 2003) Responses to ozone are increased in obese mice. J. Appl. Physiol. 95, 938-945.
27. Guler, N., Kirerleri, E., Ones, U., Tamay, Z., Salmayenli, N., and Darendeliler, F. ( 2004) Leptin: does it have any role in childhood asthma? J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 114, 254-259.
28. Nagel, G., Koenig, W., Rapp, K., Wabitsch, M., Zoellner, I., and Weiland, S. K. ( 2009) Associations of adipokines with asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, and eczema in German schoolchildren. Pediatr. Allergy. Immunol. 20, 81-88.
29. Sood, A., Ford, E. S., and Camargo, C. A.Jr. ( 2006) Association between leptin and asthma in adults. Thorax 61, 300-305.
30. Jartti, T., Saarikoski, L., Jartti, L., Lisinen, I., Jula, A., Huupponen, R., Viikari, J., and Raitakari, O. T. ( 2009) Obesity, adipokines and asthma. Allergy 64, 770-777.
31. Kim, K. W., Shin, Y. H., Lee, K. E., Kim, E. S., Sohn, M. H., and Kim, K. E. ( 2008) Relationship between adipokines and manifestations of childhood asthma. Pediatr. Allergy. Immunol. 19, 535-540.
32. Galgani, M., Procaccini, C., De Rosa, V., Carbone, F., Chieffi, P., La Cava, A., and Matarese, G. ( 2010) Leptin modulates the survival of autoreactive CD4+ T cells through the nutrient/energy-sensing mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway. J. Immunol. 185, 7474-7479.
33. Matarese, G., Di Giacomo, A., Sanna, V., Lord, G. M., Howard, J. K., Di Tuoro, A., Bloom, S. R., Lechler, R. I., Zappacosta, S., and Fontana, S. ( 2001) Requirement for leptin in the induction and progression of autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Immunol. 166, 5909-5916.
34. Vaughan, T. and Li, L. ( 2010) Molecular mechanism underlying the inflammatory complication of leptin in macrophages. Mol. Immunol. 47, 2515-2518.
35. Kim, S. J. ( 2010) Leptin potentiates Prevotella intermedia lipopolysaccharide-induced production of TNF-alpha in monocyte-derived macrophages. J. Periodontal. Implant Sci. 40, 119-124.
36. Matarese, G., Procaccini, C., De Rosa, V., Horvath, T. L., and La Cava, A. ( 2010) Regulatory T cells in obesity: the leptin connection. Trends Mol. Med. 16, 247-256.
37. Oh, D. K., Ciaraldi, T., and Henry, R. R. ( 2007) Adiponectin in health and disease. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 9, 282-289.
38. Kadowaki, T. and Yamauchi, T. ( 2005) Adiponectin and adiponectin receptors. Endocr. Rev. 26, 439-451.
39. Yamauchi, T., Nio, Y., Maki, T., Kobayashi, M., Takazawa, T., Iwabu, M., Okada-Iwabu, M., Kawamoto, S., Kubota, N., Kubota, T., Ito, Y., Kamon, J., Tsuchida, A., Kumagai, K., Kozono, H., Hada, Y., Ogata, H., Tokuyama, K., Tsunoda, M., Ide, T., Murakami, K., Awazawa, M., Takamoto, I., Froguel, P., Hara, K., Tobe, K., Nagai, R., Ueki, K., and Kadowaki, T. ( 2007) Targeted disruption of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 causes abrogation of adiponectin binding and metabolic actions. Nat. Med. 13, 332-339.
40. Tilg, H. and Moschen, A. R. ( 2006) Adipocytokines: mediators linking adipose tissue, inflammation and immunity. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 6, 772-783.
41. Ouchi, N., Kihara, S., Arita, Y., Nishida, M., Matsuyama, A., Okamoto, Y., Ishigami, M., Kuriyama, H., Kishida, K., Nishizawa, H., Hotta, K., Muraguchi, M., Ohmoto, Y., Yamashita, S., Funahashi, T., and Matsuzawa, Y. ( 2001) Adipocyte-derived plasma protein, adiponectin, suppresses lipid accumulation and class A scavenger receptor expression in human monocyte-derived macrophages. Circulation 103, 1057-1063.
42. Luo, N., Liu, J., Chung, B. H., Yang, Q., Klein, R. L., Garvey, W. T., and Fu, Y. ( 2010) Macrophage adiponectin expression improves insulin sensitivity and protects against inflammation and atherosclerosis. Diabetes 59, 791-799.
43. Giles, J. T., Allison, M., Bingham, C. O. 3rd, Scott, W. M. Jr, and Bathon, J. M. ( 2009) Adiponectin is a mediator of the inverse association of adiposity with radiographic damage in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 61, 1248-1256.
44. Lago, R., Gomez, R., Otero, M., Lago, F., Gallego, R., Dieguez, C., Gomez-Reino, J. J., and Gualillo, O. ( 2008) A new player in cartilage homeostasis: adiponectin induces nitric oxide synthase type II and pro-inflammatory cytokines in chondrocytes. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 16, 1101-1109.
45. Frommer, K. W., Zimmermann, B., Meier, F. M., Schroder, D., Heil, M., Schaffler, A., Buchler, C., Steinmeyer, J., Brentano, F., Gay, S., Muller-Ladner, U., and Neumann, E. ( 2010) Adiponectin-mediated changes in effector cells involved in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 62, 2886-2899.
46. Kusunoki, N., Kitahara, K., Kojima, F., Tanaka, N., Kaneko, K., Endo, H., Suguro, T., and Kawai, S. ( 2010) Adiponectin stimulates prostaglandin E(2) production in rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts. Arthritis Rheum. 62, 1641-1649.
47. Salman, T. A., Allam, N., Azab, G. I., Shaarawy, A. A., Hassouna, M. M., and El-Haddad, O. M. ( 2010) Study of adiponectin in chronic liver disease and cholestasis. Hepatol. Int. 4, 767-774.
48. Tacke, F., Wustefeld, T., Horn, R., Luedde, T., Srinivas Rao, A., Manns, M. P., Trautwein, C., and Brabant, G. ( 2005) High adiponectin in chronic liver disease and cholestasis suggests biliary route of adiponectin excretion in vivo. J. Hepatol. 42, 666-673.
49. Uji, Y., Yamamoto, H., Tsuchihashi, H., Maeda, K., Funahashi, T., Shimomura, I., Shimizu, T., Endo, Y., and Tani, T. ( 2009) Adiponectin deficiency is associated with severe polymicrobial sepsis, high inflammatory cytokine levels, and high mortality. Surgery 145, 550-557.
50. Triebel, S., Blaser, J., Reinke, H., and Tschesche, H. ( 1992) A 25 kDa alpha 2-microglobulin-related protein is a component of the 125 kDa form of human gelatinase. FEBS Lett. 314, 386-388.
51. Hvidberg, V., Jacobsen, C., Strong, R. K., Cowland, J. B., Moestrup, S. K., and Borregaard, N. ( 2005) The endocytic receptor megalin binds the iron transporting neutrophil-gelatinase-associated lipocalin with high affinity and mediates its cellular uptake. FEBS Lett. 579, 773-777.
52. Flower, D. R. ( 1996) The lipocalin protein family: structure and function. Biochem. J. 318 ( Pt 1), 1-14.
53. Devireddy, L. R., Teodoro, J. G., Richard, F. A., and Green, M. R. ( 2001) Induction of apoptosis by a secreted lipocalin that is transcriptionally regulated by IL-3 deprivation. Science 293, 829-834.
54. Chu, S. T., Lin, H. J., Huang, H. L., and Chen, Y. H. ( 1998) The hydrophobic pocket of 24p3 protein from mouse uterine luminal fluid: fatty acid and retinol binding activity and predicted structural similarity to lipocalins. J. Pept. Res. 52, 390-397.
55. Cowland, J. B. and Borregaard, N. ( 1997) Molecular characterization and pattern of tissue expression of the gene for neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin from humans. Genomics 45, 17-23.
56. Jiang, W., Constante, M., and Santos, M. M. ( 2008) Anemia upregulates lipocalin 2 in the liver and serum. Blood Cells Mol. Dis. 41, 169-174.
57. Liu, Q. and Nilsen-Hamilton, M. ( 1995) Identification of a new acute phase protein. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 22565-22570.
58. Conde, J., Gomez, R., Bianco, G., Scotece, M., Lear, P., Dieguez, C., Gomez-Reino, J., Lago, F., and Gualillo, O. ( 2011) Expanding the adipokine network in cartilage: identification and regulation of novel factors in human and murine chondrocytes. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 70, 551-559.
59. Gaffen, S. L. ( 2004) Biology of recently discovered cytokines: interleukin-17--a unique inflammatory cytokine with roles in bone biology and arthritis. Arthritis Res. Ther. 6, 240-247.
60. Kwan Tat, S., Padrines, M., Theoleyre, S., Heymann, D., and Fortun, Y. ( 2004) IL-6, RANKL, TNF-alpha/IL-1: interrelations in bone resorption pathophysiology. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 15, 49-60.
61. Shen, F., Ruddy, M. J., Plamondon, P., and Gaffen, S. L. ( 2005) Cytokines link osteoblasts and inflammation: microarray analysis of interleukin-17- and TNF-alpha-induced genes in bone cells. J. Leukoc. Biol. 77, 388-399.
62. Katano, M., Okamoto, K., Arito, M., Kawakami, Y., Kurokawa, M. S., Suematsu, N., Shimada, S., Nakamura, H., Xiang, Y., Masuko, K., Nishioka, K., Yudoh, K., and Kato, T. ( 2009) Implication of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor induced neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis revealed by proteome analysis. Arthritis Res. Ther. 11, R3.
63. Tschesche, H., Zolzer, V., Triebel, S., and Bartsch, S. ( 2001) The human neutrophil lipocalin supports the allosteric activation of matrix metalloproteinases. Eur. J. Biochem. 268, 1918-1928.
64. Gupta, K., Shukla, M., Cowland, J. B., Malemud, C. J., and Haqqi, T. M. ( 2007) Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is expressed in osteoarthritis and forms a complex with matrix metalloproteinase 9. Arthritis Rheum. 56, 3326-3335.
65. Martensson, J., Bell, M., Oldner, A., Xu, S., Venge, P., and Martling, C. R. ( 2010) Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in adult septic patients with and without acute kidney injury. Intensive Care Med. 36, 1333-1340.
66. Law, I. K., Xu, A., Lam, K. S., Berger, T., Mak, T. W., Vanhoutte, P. M., Liu, J. T., Sweeney, G., Zhou, M., Yang, B., and Wang, Y. ( 2010) Lipocalin-2 deficiency attenuates insulin resistance associated with aging and obesity. Diabetes 59, 872-882.
67. Borkham-Kamphorst, E., Drews, F., and Weiskirchen, R. ( 2011) Induction of lipocalin-2 expression in acute and chronic experimental liver injury moderated by pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta through nuclear factor-kappaB activation. Liver Int. 31, 656-665.
68. Chakraborty, S., Kaur, S., Muddana, V., Sharma, N., Wittel, U. A., Papachristou, G. I., Whitcomb, D., Brand, R. E., and Batra, S. K. ( 2010) Elevated serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin is an early predictor of severity and outcome in acute pancreatitis. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 105, 2050-2059.
69. Steppan, C. M., Brown, E. J., Wright, C. M., Bhat, S., Banerjee, R. R., Dai, C. Y., Enders, G. H., Silberg, D. G., Wen, X., Wu, G. D., and Lazar, M. A. ( 2001) A family of tissue-specific resistin-like molecules. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. U S A. 98, 502-506.
70. Ghosh, S., Singh, A. K., Aruna, B., Mukhopadhyay, S., and Ehtesham, N. Z. ( 2003) The genomic organization of mouse resistin reveals major differences from the human resistin: functional implications. Gene 305, 27-34.
71. Steppan, C. M., Bailey, S. T., Bhat, S., Brown, E. J., Banerjee, R. R., Wright, C. M., Patel, H. R., Ahima, R. S., and Lazar, M. A. ( 2001) The hormone resistin links obesity to diabetes. Nature 409, 307-312.
72. Bokarewa, M., Nagaev, I., Dahlberg, L., Smith, U., and Tarkowski, A. ( 2005) Resistin, an adipokine with potent proinflammatory properties. J. Immunol. 174, 5789-5795.
73. Forsblad d'Elia, H., Pullerits, R., Carlsten, H., and Bokarewa, M. ( 2008) Resistin in serum is associated with higher levels of IL-1Ra in post-menopausal women with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 47, 1082-1087.
74. Chung, C. P., Long, A. G., Solus, J. F., Rho, Y. H., Oeser, A., Raggi, P., and Stein, C. M. ( 2009) Adipocytokines in systemic lupus erythematosus: relationship to inflammation, insulin resistance and coronary atherosclerosis. Lupus 18, 799-806.
75. Lee, J. H., Ort, T., Ma, K., Picha, K., Carton, J., Marsters, P. A., Lohmander, L. S., Baribaud, F., Song, X. Y., and Blake, S. ( 2009) Resistin is elevated following traumatic joint injury and causes matrix degradation and release of inflammatory cytokines from articular cartilage in vitro. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 17, 613-620.
76. Qatanani, M., Szwergold, N. R., Greaves, D. R., Ahima, R. S., and Lazar, M. A. ( 2009) Macrophage-derived human resistin exacerbates adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance in mice. J. Clin. Invest. 119, 531-539.
77. Cho, Y., Lee, S. E., Lee, H. C., Hur, J., Lee, S., Youn, S. W., Lee, J., Lee, H. J., Lee, T. K., Park, J., Hwang, S. J., Kwon, Y. W., Cho, H. J., Oh, B. H., Park, Y. B., and Kim, H. S. ( 2011) Adipokine resistin is a key player to modulate monocytes, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells, leading to progression of atherosclerosis in rabbit carotid artery. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 57, 99-109.
78. Sommer, G., Kralisch, S., Stangl, V., Vietzke, A., Kohler, U., Stepan, H., Faber, R., Schubert, A., Lossner, U., Bluher, M., Stumvoll, M., and Fasshauer, M. ( 2009) Secretory products from human adipocytes stimulate proinflammatory cytokine secretion from human endothelial cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 106, 729-737.
79. Sundaresan, S., Vijayagopal, P., Mills, N., Imrhan, V., and Prasad, C. ( 2010) A mouse model for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J. Nutr. Biochem. doi: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.08.011.
80. Beier, J. I., Guo, L., von Montfort, C., Kaiser, J. P., Joshi-Barve, S., and Arteel, G. E. ( 2008) New role of resistin in lipopolysaccharide-induced liver damage in mice. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 325, 801-808.
81. Szalowska, E., Elferink, M. G., Hoek, A., Groothuis, G. M., and Vonk, R. J. ( 2009) Resistin is more abundant in liver than adipose tissue and is not up-regulated by lipopolysaccharide. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 94, 3051-3057.
82. Valentini, L., Wirth, E. K., Schweizer, U., Hengstermann, S., Schaper, L., Koernicke, T., Dietz, E., Norman, K., Buning, C., Winklhofer-Roob, B. M., Lochs, H., and Ockenga, J. ( 2009) Circulating adipokines and the protective effects of hyperinsulinemia in inflammatory bowel disease. Nutrition 25, 172-181.
83. Roubicek, T., Bartlova, M., Krajickova, J., Haluzikova, D., Mraz, M., Lacinova, Z., Kudla, M., Teplan, V., and Haluzik, M. ( 2009) Increased production of proinflammatory cytokines in adipose tissue of patients with end-stage renal disease. Nutrition 25, 762-768.
84. Koch, A., Gressner, O. A., Sanson, E., Tacke, F., and Trautwein, C. ( 2009) Serum resistin levels in critically ill patients are associated with inflammation, organ dysfunction and metabolism and may predict survival of non-septic patients. Crit. Care 13, R95.
85. Samal, B., Sun, Y., Stearns, G., Xie, C., Suggs, S., and McNiece, I. ( 1994) Cloning and characterization of the cDNA encoding a novel human pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14, 1431-1437.
86. Fukuhara, A., Matsuda, M., Nishizawa, M., Segawa, K., Tanaka, M., Kishimoto, K., Matsuki, Y., Murakami, M., Ichisaka, T., Murakami, H., Watanabe, E., Takagi, T., Akiyoshi, M., Ohtsubo, T., Kihara, S., Yamashita, S., Makishima, M., Funahashi, T., Yamanaka, S., Hiramatsu, R., Matsuzawa, Y., and Shimomura, I. ( 2005) Visfatin: a protein secreted by visceral fat that mimics the effects of insulin. Science 307, 426-430.
87. Friebe, D., Neef, M., Kratzsch, J., Erbs, S., Dittrich, K., Garten, A., Petzold-Quinque, S., Bluher, S., Reinehr, T., Stumvoll, M., Bluher, M., Kiess, W., and Korner, A. ( 2011) Leucocytes are a major source of circulating nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT)/pre-B cell colony (PBEF)/visfatin linking obesity and inflammation in humans. Diabetologia 54, 1200-1211.
88. Catalan, V., Gomez-Ambrosi, J., Rodriguez, A., Ramirez, B., Silva, C., Rotellar, F., Cienfuegos, J. A., Salvador, J., and Fruhbeck, G. ( 2011) Association of increased Visfatin/PBEF/NAMPT circulating concentrations and gene expression levels in peripheral blood cells with lipid metabolism and fatty liver in human morbid obesity. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 21, 245-253.
89. Curat, C. A., Wegner, V., Sengenes, C., Miranville, A., Tonus, C., Busse, R., and Bouloumie, A. ( 2006) Macrophages in human visceral adipose tissue: increased accumulation in obesity and a source of resistin and visfatin. Diabetologia 49, 744-747.
90. Li, Y., Zhang, Y., Dorweiler, B., Cui, D., Wang, T., Woo, C. W., Brunkan, C. S., Wolberger, C., Imai, S., and Tabas, I. ( 2008) Extracellular Nampt promotes macrophage survival via a nonenzymatic interleukin-6/STAT3 signaling mechanism. J. Biol. Chem. 283, 34833-34843.
91. Rho, Y. H., Solus, J., Sokka, T., Oeser, A., Chung, C. P., Gebretsadik, T., Shintani, A., Pincus, T., and Stein, C. M. ( 2009) Adipocytokines are associated with radiographic joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 60, 1906-1914.
92. Brentano, F., Schorr, O., Ospelt, C., Stanczyk, J., Gay, R. E., Gay, S., and Kyburz, D. ( 2007) Pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor/visfatin, a new marker of inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis with proinflammatory and matrix-degrading activities. Arthritis Rheum. 56, 2829-2839.
93. Gosset, M., Berenbaum, F., Salvat, C., Sautet, A., Pigenet, A., Tahiri, K., and Jacques, C. ( 2008) Crucial role of visfatin/pre-B cell colony-enhancing factor in matrix degradation and prostaglandin E2 synthesis in chondrocytes: possible influence on osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 58, 1399-1409.
94. Busso, N., Karababa, M., Nobile, M., Rolaz, A., Van Gool, F., Galli, M., Leo, O., So, A., and De Smedt, T. ( 2008) Pharmacological inhibition of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase/visfatin enzymatic activity identifies a new inflammatory pathway linked to NAD. PLoS One. 3, e2267.
95. Yilmaz, M. I., Saglam, M., Carrero, J. J., Qureshi, A. R., Caglar, K., Eyileten, T., Sonmez, A., Cakir, E., Yenicesu, M., Lindholm, B., Stenvinkel, P., and Axelsson, J. ( 2008) Serum visfatin concentration and endothelial dysfunction in chronic kidney disease. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 23, 959-965.
96. Bessa, S. S., Hamdy, S. M., and El-Sheikh, R. G. ( 2010) Serum visfatin as a non-traditional biomarker of endothelial dysfunction in chronic kidney disease: an Egyptian study. Eur. J. Intern. Med. 21, 530-535.
97. Malyszko, J., Malyszko, J. S., Pawlak, K., and Mysliwiec, M. ( 2008) Visfatin and apelin, new adipocytokines, and their relation to endothelial function in patients with chronic renal failure. Adv. Med. Sci. 53, 32-36.
98. Kim, S. R., Bae, Y. H., Bae, S. K., Choi, K. S., Yoon, K. H., Koo, T. H., Jang, H. O., Yun, I., Kim, K. W., Kwon, Y. G., Yoo, M. A., and Bae, M. K. ( 2008) Visfatin enhances ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression through ROS-dependent NF-kappaB activation in endothelial cells. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1783, 886-895.
99. Dahl, T. B., Yndestad, A., Skjelland, M., Oie, E., Dahl, A., Michelsen, A., Damas, J. K., Tunheim, S. H., Ueland, T., Smith, C., Bendz, B., Tonstad, S., Gullestad, L., Froland, S. S., Krohg-Sorensen, K., Russell, D., Aukrust, P., and Halvorsen, B. ( 2007) Increased expression of visfatin in macrophages of human unstable carotid and coronary atherosclerosis: possible role in inflammation and plaque destabilization. Circulation 115, 972-980.
100. Lovren, F., Pan, Y., Shukla, P. C., Quan, A., Teoh, H., Szmitko, P. E., Peterson, M. D., Gupta, M., Al-Omran, M., and Verma, S. ( 2009) Visfatin activates eNOS via Akt and MAP kinases and improves endothelial cell function and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo: translational implications for atherosclerosis. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 296, E1440-E1449.
101. Romacho, T., Azcutia, V., Vazquez-Bella, M., Matesanz, N., Cercas, E., Nevado, J., Carraro, R., Rodriguez-Manas, L., Sanchez-Ferrer, C. F., and Peiro, C. ( 2009) Extracellular PBEF/NAMPT/visfatin activates pro-inflammatory signalling in human vascular smooth muscle cells through nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase activity. Diabetologia 52, 2455-2463.
102. Moschen, A. R., Gerner, R., Schroll, A., Fritz, T., Kaser, A., and Tilg, H. ( 2011) A key role for pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor in experimental hepatitis. Hepatology. 54, 675-686. doi: 10.1002/hep.24416.