Better understanding of mechanisms of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: From human gene expression profiles to mouse models

Neurobiology of Disease

Volumn 45, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 48-56

  Lin, Chi Ying ^a   Sawa, Akira ^a   Jaaro Peled, Hanna ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Bipolar disorder; Gene expression; Microarray; Mouse models; Schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

METABOTROPIC RECEPTOR 3; RGS4 PROTEIN; SYNAPSIN II;

AUTOPSY; BIPOLAR DISORDER; BRAIN NERVE CELL; BRAIN TISSUE; DISEASE MODEL; DOWN REGULATION; EXPERIMENTAL MOUSE; GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING; GENE FUNCTION; GLIA CELL; HUMAN; HUMAN GENETICS; KNOCKOUT MOUSE; METABOLIC DISORDER; MOLECULAR MECHANICS; MOLECULAR PATHOLOGY; NEUROPATHOLOGY; NEUROTRANSMISSION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SYNAPSE;

ANIMALS; BIPOLAR DISORDER; BRAIN; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; HUMANS; MICE; SCHIZOPHRENIA;

EID: 81955167938     PISSN: 09699961     EISSN: 1095953X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.08.025     Document Type: Review

References (114)

1. Altar C.A., et al. Deficient hippocampal neuron expression of proteasome, ubiquitin, and mitochondrial genes in multiple schizophrenia cohorts. Biol. Psychiatry 2005, 58:85-96.
2. Arguello P.A., Gogos J.A. Modeling madness in mice: one piece at a time. Neuron 2006, 52:179-196.
3. Arion D., et al. Molecular evidence for increased expression of genes related to immune and chaperone function in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. Biol. Psychiatry 2007, 62:711-721.
4. Aston C., et al. Microarray analysis of postmortem temporal cortex from patients with schizophrenia. J. Neurosci. Res. 2004, 77:858-866.
5. Ayhan Y., et al. Animal models of gene-environment interactions in schizophrenia. Behav. Brain Res. 2009, 204:274-281.
6. Bannon A.W., et al. Behavioral characterization of neuropeptide Y knockout mice. Brain Res. 2000, 868:79-87.
7. Benedict C., et al. Intranasal insulin as a therapeutic option in the treatment of cognitive impairments. Exp. Gerontol. 2011, 46:112-115.
8. Benes F.M. Emerging principles of altered neural circuitry in schizophrenia. Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 2000, 31:251-269.
9. Berrettini W. Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: convergent molecular data. Neuromolecular Med. 2004, 5:109-117.
10. Bowden N.A., et al. Altered gene expression in the superior temporal gyrus in schizophrenia. BMC Genomics 2008, 9:199.
11. Brennand K.J., et al. Modelling schizophrenia using human induced pluripotent stem cells. Nature 2011, 473:221-225.
12. Britsch S., et al. The transcription factor Sox10 is a key regulator of peripheral glial development. Genes Dev. 2001, 15:66-78.
13. Cartmell J., et al. Attenuation of specific PCP-evoked behaviors by the potent mGlu2/3 receptor agonist, LY379268 and comparison with the atypical antipsychotic, clozapine. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2000, 148:423-429.
14. Cesca F., et al. The synapsins: key actors of synapse function and plasticity. Prog. Neurobiol. 2010, 91:313-348.
15. Chan, M.K., et al., in press. Evidence for disease and antipsychotic medication effects in post-mortem brain from schizophrenia patients. Mol. Psychiatry. Advance online publication. doi:. doi:10.1038/mp.%202010.100.
16. Chen J., et al. Genetic mouse models of schizophrenia: from hypothesis-based to susceptibility gene-based models. Biol. Psychiatry 2006, 59:1180-1188.
17. Cherlyn S.Y., et al. Genetic association studies of glutamate, GABA and related genes in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a decade of advance. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 2010, 34:958-977.
18. Choudary P.V., et al. Altered cortical glutamatergic and GABAergic signal transmission with glial involvement in depression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2005, 102:15653-15658.
19. Chu T.T., et al. Thalamic transcriptome screening in three psychiatric states. J. Hum. Genet. 2009, 54:665-675.
20. Chung C., et al. Schizophrenia hippocampus has elevated expression of chondrex glycoprotein gene. Synapse 2003, 50:29-34.
21. Connor C.M., et al. Cingulate white matter neurons in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Biol. Psychiatry 2009, 66:486-493.
22. Correll C.U., et al. Equally increased risk for metabolic syndrome in patients with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia treated with second-generation antipsychotics. Bipolar Disord. 2008, 10:788-797.
23. Corti C., et al. The use of knock-out mice unravels distinct roles for mGlu2 and mGlu3 metabotropic glutamate receptors in mechanisms of neurodegeneration/neuroprotection. J. Neurosci. 2007, 27:8297-8308.
24. Craddock N., et al. Genes for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder? Implications for psychiatric nosology. Schizophr. Bull. 2006, 32:9-16.
25. Cryan J.F., Holmes A. The ascent of mouse: advances in modelling human depression and anxiety. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 2005, 4:775-790.
26. Dracheva S., et al. Myelin-associated mRNA and protein expression deficits in the anterior cingulate cortex and hippocampus in elderly schizophrenia patients. Neurobiol. Dis. 2006, 21:531-540.
27. Duncan C.E., et al. Prefrontal GABA(A) receptor alpha-subunit expression in normal postnatal human development and schizophrenia. J. Psychiatr. Res. 2010, 44:673-681.
28. Dyck B.A., et al. Synapsin II knockout mice show sensorimotor gating and behavioural abnormalities similar to those in the phencyclidine-induced preclinical animal model of schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 2007, 97:292-293.
29. Endler N.S., Kocovski N.L. State and trait anxiety revisited. J. Anxiety Disord. 2001, 15:231-245.
30. English J.A., et al. The neuroproteomics of schizophrenia. Biol. Psychiatry 2011, 69:163-172.
31. Extein I., Bowers M.B. State and trait in psychiatric practice. Am. J. Psychiatry 1979, 136:690-693.
32. Fernandez-Egea E., et al. Metabolic profile of antipsychotic-naive individuals with non-affective psychosis. Br. J. Psychiatry 2009, 194:434-438.
33. Friedman J.N., et al. Bipolar disorder: imaging state versus trait. J. Neuropsychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 2006, 18:296-301.
34. Garbett K.A., et al. Novel animal models for studying complex brain disorders: BAC-driven miRNA-mediated in vivo silencing of gene expression. Mol. Psychiatry 2010, 15:987-995.
35. Gerozissis K. Brain insulin: regulation, mechanisms of action and functions. Cell. Mol. Neurobiol. 2003, 23:1-25.
36. Gow A., et al. CNS myelin and sertoli cell tight junction strands are absent in Osp/claudin-11 null mice. Cell. 1999, 99:649-659.
37. Grillet N., et al. Generation and characterization of Rgs4 mutant mice. Mol. Cell. Biol. 2005, 25:4221-4228.
38. Grover D., et al. Family-based association of YWHAH in psychotic bipolar disorder. Am. J. Med. Genet. B Neuropsychiatr. Genet. 2009, 150B:977-983.
39. Hakak Y., et al. Genome-wide expression analysis reveals dysregulation of myelination-related genes in chronic schizophrenia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 2001, 98:4746-4751.
40. Halim N.D., et al. Increased lactate levels and reduced pH in postmortem brains of schizophrenics: medication confounds. J. Neurosci. Methods 2008, 169:208-213.
41. Harvey J. Leptin regulation of neuronal excitability and cognitive function. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 2007, 7:643-647.
42. Hashimoto T., et al. Relationship of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor TrkB to altered inhibitory prefrontal circuitry in schizophrenia. J. Neurosci. 2005, 25:372-383.
43. Hashimoto T., et al. Alterations in GABA-related transcriptome in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of subjects with schizophrenia. Mol. Psychiatry 2008, 13:147-161.
44. Hayashi A., et al. Aberrant endoplasmic reticulum stress response in lymphoblastoid cells from patients with bipolar disorder. Int. J. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2009, 12:33-43.
45. Hemby S.E., et al. Gene expression profile for schizophrenia: discrete neuron transcription patterns in the entorhinal cortex. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2002, 59:631-640.
46. Hill S.K., et al. Neurocognitive allied phenotypes for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Schizophr. Bull. 2008, 34:743-759.
47. Hollander J.M., et al. Overexpression of wild-type heat shock protein 27 and a nonphosphorylatable heat shock protein 27 mutant protects against ischemia/reperfusion injury in a transgenic mouse model. Circulation 2004, 110:3544-3552.
48. Holmes E., et al. Metabolic profiling of CSF: evidence that early intervention may impact on disease progression and outcome in schizophrenia. PLoS Med. 2006, 3:e327.
49. Horvath S., et al. Analyzing schizophrenia by DNA microarrays. Biol. Psychiatry 2011, 69:157-162.
50. Huang da W., et al. Systematic and integrative analysis of large gene lists using DAVID bioinformatics resources. Nat. Protoc. 2009, 4:44-57.
51. Iwamoto K., et al. Molecular characterization of bipolar disorder by comparing gene expression profiles of postmortem brains of major mental disorders. Mol. Psychiatry 2004, 9:406-416.
52. Iwamoto K., et al. Altered expression of mitochondria-related genes in postmortem brains of patients with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia, as revealed by large-scale DNA microarray analysis. Hum. Mol. Genet. 2005, 14:241-253.
53. Iwamoto K., et al. DNA methylation status of SOX10 correlates with its downregulation and oligodendrocyte dysfunction in schizophrenia. J. Neurosci. 2005, 25:5376-5381.
54. Jaaro-Peled H., et al. Review of pathological hallmarks of schizophrenia: comparison of genetic models with patients and nongenetic models. Schizophr. Bull. 2010, 36:301-313.
55. Jia Y., et al. An association study between polymorphisms in three genes of 14-3-3 (tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein) family and paranoid schizophrenia in northern Chinese population. Eur. Psychiatry 2004, 19:377-379.
56. Kamiya A. Animal models for schizophrenia via in utero gene transfer: understanding roles for genetic susceptibility factors in brain development. Prog. Brain Res. 2009, 179:9-15.
57. Kamiya A., et al. Recruitment of PCM1 to the centrosome by the cooperative action of DISC1 and BBS4: a candidate for psychiatric illnesses. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2008, 65:996-1006.
58. Karl T., et al. Schizophrenia-relevant behaviours in a genetic mouse model for Y2 deficiency. Behav. Brain Res. 2010, 207:434-440.
59. Kellendonk C., et al. Transient and selective overexpression of dopamine D2 receptors in the striatum causes persistent abnormalities in prefrontal cortex functioning. Neuron 2006, 49:603-615.
60. Khaitovich P., et al. Metabolic changes in schizophrenia and human brain evolution. Genome Biol. 2008, 9:R124.
61. Kirkpatrick B. Schizophrenia as a systemic disease. Schizophr. Bull. 2009, 35:381-382.
62. Kirkpatrick B., et al. Differences in glucose tolerance between deficit and nondeficit schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 2009, 107:122-127.
63. Konradi C., et al. Molecular evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction in bipolar disorder. Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 2004, 61:300-308.
64. Kruse S.E., et al. Mice with mitochondrial complex I deficiency develop a fatal encephalomyopathy. Cell Metab. 2008, 7:312-320.
65. Kuromitsu J., et al. Reduced neuropeptide Y mRNA levels in the frontal cortex of people with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Brain Res. Gene. Expr. Patterns 2001, 1:17-21.
66. Lappe-Siefke C., et al. Disruption of Cnp1 uncouples oligodendroglial functions in axonal support and myelination. Nat. Genet. 2003, 33:366-374.
67. Levitt P., et al. Making the case for a candidate vulnerability gene in schizophrenia: Convergent evidence for regulator of G-protein signaling 4 (RGS4). Biol. Psychiatry 2006, 60:534-537.
68. Lewis D.A. The human brain revisited: opportunities and challenges in postmortem studies of psychiatric disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 2002, 26:143-154.
69. Lewis D.A., et al. Altered cortical glutamate neurotransmission in schizophrenia: evidence from morphological studies of pyramidal neurons. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 2003, 1003:102-112.
70. Linden A.M., et al. Anxiolytic-like activity of the mGLU2/3 receptor agonist LY354740 in the elevated plus maze test is disrupted in metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 and 3 knock-out mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2005, 179:284-291.
71. McCullumsmith R.E., Meador-Woodruff J.H. Novel approaches to the study of postmortem brain in psychiatric illness: old limitations and new challenges. Biol. Psychiatry 2010, 69:127-133.
72. McCullumsmith R.E., et al. Expression of transcripts for myelination-related genes in the anterior cingulate cortex in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 2007, 90:15-27.
73. McEvoy J.P., et al. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia: baseline results from the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) schizophrenia trial and comparison with national estimates from NHANES III. Schizophr. Res. 2005, 80:19-32.
74. Menniti F.S., et al. Phosphodiesterases in the CNS: targets for drug development. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 2006, 5:660-670.
75. Mexal S., et al. Differential modulation of gene expression in the NMDA postsynaptic density of schizophrenic and control smokers. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 2005, 139:317-332.
76. Mexal S., et al. Brain pH has a significant impact on human postmortem hippocampal gene expression profiles. Brain Res. 2006, 1106:1-11.
77. Mirnics K., et al. Molecular characterization of schizophrenia viewed by microarray analysis of gene expression in prefrontal cortex. Neuron 2000, 28:53-67.
78. Mirnics K., et al. Analysis of complex brain disorders with gene expression microarrays: schizophrenia as a disease of the synapse. Trends Neurosci. 2001, 24:479-486.
79. Mirnics K., et al. Disease-specific changes in regulator of G-protein signaling 4 (RGS4) expression in schizophrenia. Mol. Psychiatry 2001, 6:293-301.
80. Mirnics K., et al. Critical appraisal of DNA microarrays in psychiatric genomics. Biol. Psychiatry 2006, 60:163-176.
81. Morozov A., et al. Using conditional mutagenesis to study the brain. Biol. Psychiatry 2003, 54:1125-1133.
82. Nestler E.J., Hyman S.E. Animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders. Nat. Neurosci. 2010, 13:1161-1169.
83. Niwa M., et al. Knockdown of DISC1 by in utero gene transfer disturbs postnatal dopaminergic maturation in the frontal cortex and leads to adult behavioral deficits. Neuron 2010, 65:480-489.
84. Novak G., et al. Association of a polymorphism in the NRXN3 gene with the degree of smoking in schizophrenia: a preliminary study. World J. Biol. Psychiatry 2009, 10:929-935.
85. Oliver P.L. Challenges of analysing gene-environment interactions in mouse models of schizophrenia. ScientificWorldJournal 2011, 11:1411-1420.
86. Ottis, P., et al., in press. Convergence of Two Independent Mental Disease Genes on the Protein Level: Recruitment of Dysbindin to Cell-Invasive Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia 1 Aggresomes. Biol. Psychiatry. Advance online publication. doi:. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.03.027.
87. Pan B., et al. Myelin-associated glycoprotein and complementary axonal ligands, gangliosides, mediate axon stability in the CNS and PNS: neuropathology and behavioral deficits in single and double-null mice. Exp. Neurol. 2005, 195:208-217.
88. Patil S.T., et al. Activation of mGlu2/3 receptors as a new approach to treat schizophrenia: a randomized Phase 2 clinical trial. Nat. Med. 2007, 13:1102-1107.
89. Paz-Filho G.J., et al. Leptin replacement improves cognitive development. PLoS One 2008, 3:e3098.
90. Prabakaran S., et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction in schizophrenia: evidence for compromised brain metabolism and oxidative stress. Mol. Psychiatry 2004, 9(684-697):643.
91. Regenold W.T., et al. Myelin staining of deep white matter in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and unipolar major depression. Psychiatry Res. 2007, 151:179-188.
92. Rioux L., et al. Characterization of olfactory bulb glomeruli in schizophrenia. Schizophr. Res. 2005, 77:229-239.
93. Rosahl T.W., et al. Essential functions of synapsins I and II in synaptic vesicle regulation. Nature 1995, 375:488-493.
94. Sawa A., et al. Neuron-glia interactions clarify genetic-environmental links in mental illness. Trends Neurosci. 2004, 27:294-297.
95. Seeman P., et al. Glutamate receptor mGlu2 and mGlu3 knockout striata are dopamine supersensitive, with elevated D2(High) receptors and marked supersensitivity to the dopamine agonist (+)PHNO. Synapse 2009, 63:247-251.
96. Seshadri A.J., Hayashi-Takagi A. Gene manipulation with stereotaxic viral infection for psychiatric research: spatiotemporal components for schizophrenia. Prog. Brain Res. 2009, 179:17-27.
97. Shanley L.J., et al. Leptin enhances NMDA receptor function and modulates hippocampal synaptic plasticity. J. Neurosci. 2001, 21:RC186.
98. Shao L., Vawter M.P. Shared gene expression alterations in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Biol. Psychiatry 2008, 64:89-97.
99. Stolt C.C., et al. Terminal differentiation of myelin-forming oligodendrocytes depends on the transcription factor Sox10. Genes Dev. 2002, 16:165-170.
100. Sun X., et al. Downregulation in components of the mitochondrial electron transport chain in the postmortem frontal cortex of subjects with bipolar disorder. J. Psychiatry Neurosci. 2006, 31:189-196.
101. Tajinda K., et al. Neuronal biomarkers from patients with mental illnesses: a novel method through nasal biopsy combined with laser-captured microdissection. Mol. Psychiatry 2010, 15:231-232.
102. Tamminga C.A. Schizophrenia and glutamatergic transmission. Crit. Rev. Neurobiol. 1998, 12:21-36.
103. Taylor V., MacQueen G. Associations between bipolar disorder and metabolic syndrome: a review. J. Clin. Psychiatry 2006, 67:1034-1041.
104. Thakore J.H. Metabolic disturbance in first-episode schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry Suppl. 2004, 47:S76-S79.
105. Tkachev D., et al. Oligodendrocyte dysfunction in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Lancet 2003, 362:798-805.
106. Toyooka K., et al. 14-3-3 protein eta chain gene (YWHAH) polymorphism and its genetic association with schizophrenia. Am. J. Med. Genet. 1999, 88:164-167.
107. Twine N.A., et al. Whole transcriptome sequencing reveals gene expression and splicing differences in brain regions affected by Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2011, 6:e16266.
108. Uhlhaas P.J., Singer W. Abnormal neural oscillations and synchrony in schizophrenia. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2010, 11:100-113.
109. Vawter M.P., et al. Application of cDNA microarrays to examine gene expression differences in schizophrenia. Brain Res. Bull. 2001, 55:641-650.
110. Vawter M.P., et al. Microarray analysis of gene expression in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia: a preliminary study. Schizophr. Res. 2002, 58:11-20.
111. Wang Z., et al. RNA-Seq: a revolutionary tool for transcriptomics. Nat. Rev. Genet. 2009, 10:57-63.
112. Weickert C.S., et al. Reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor in prefrontal cortex of patients with schizophrenia. Mol. Psychiatry 2003, 8:592-610.
113. Wittmann-Liebold B., et al. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis as tool for proteomics studies in combination with protein identification by mass spectrometry. Proteomics 2006, 6:4688-4703.
114. Zeyda T., et al. Impairment in motor learning of somatostatin null mutant mice. Brain Res. 2001, 906:107-114.