메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 6, Issue 10, 2011, Pages

Compromising the unfolded protein response induces autophagy-mediated cell death in multiple myeloma cells

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACTIVATING TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR 6; APOPTOSOME; BAFILOMYCIN A1; CASPASE; CASPASE 3; CASPASE 9; CYTOCHROME C; DANSYLCADAVERINE; INOSITOL REQUIRING ENZYME 1; MICROTUBULE ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 1; MICROTUBULE ASSOCIATED PROTEIN 5; PANCREATIC ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM KINASE LIKE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM KINASE; SECOND MITOCHONDRIAL ACTIVATOR OF CASPASE; TUMOR PROTEIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; SIGNAL PEPTIDE;

EID: 80054750084     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025820     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (46)

References (51)
  • 1
    • 35348923502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melphalan, prednisone, and lenalidomide treatment for newly diagnosed myeloma: a report from the GIMEMA-Italian Multiple Myeloma Network
    • Palumbo A, Falco P, Corradini P, Falcone A, Di Raimondo F, et al. (2007) Melphalan, prednisone, and lenalidomide treatment for newly diagnosed myeloma: a report from the GIMEMA-Italian Multiple Myeloma Network. J Clin Oncol 25: 4459-4465.
    • (2007) J Clin Oncol , vol.25 , pp. 4459-4465
    • Palumbo, A.1    Falco, P.2    Corradini, P.3    Falcone, A.4    Di Raimondo, F.5
  • 2
    • 34247846013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of bortezomib in high-risk and elderly patients with relapsed multiple myeloma
    • Richardson PG, Sonneveld P, Schuster MW, Irwin D, Stadtmauer EA, et al. (2007) Safety and efficacy of bortezomib in high-risk and elderly patients with relapsed multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol 137: 429-435.
    • (2007) Br J Haematol , vol.137 , pp. 429-435
    • Richardson, P.G.1    Sonneveld, P.2    Schuster, M.W.3    Irwin, D.4    Stadtmauer, E.A.5
  • 3
    • 30344434977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The secretory capacity of a cell depends on the efficiency of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation
    • Molinari M, Sitia R, (2005) The secretory capacity of a cell depends on the efficiency of endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 300: 1-15.
    • (2005) Curr Top Microbiol Immunol , vol.300 , pp. 1-15
    • Molinari, M.1    Sitia, R.2
  • 5
    • 0037073712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of an unfolded protein response during differentiation of antibody-secreting B cells
    • Gass JN, Gifford NM, Brewer JW, (2002) Activation of an unfolded protein response during differentiation of antibody-secreting B cells. J Biol Chem 277: 49047-49054.
    • (2002) J Biol Chem , vol.277 , pp. 49047-49054
    • Gass, J.N.1    Gifford, N.M.2    Brewer, J.W.3
  • 6
    • 0036853914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orchestrating the unfolded protein response in health and disease
    • Kaufman RJ, (2002) Orchestrating the unfolded protein response in health and disease. J Clin Invest 110: 1389-1398.
    • (2002) J Clin Invest , vol.110 , pp. 1389-1398
    • Kaufman, R.J.1
  • 8
    • 10344222124 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of the unfolded protein response in tumour development: friend or foe?
    • Ma Y, Hendershot LM, (2004) The role of the unfolded protein response in tumour development: friend or foe? Nat Rev Cancer 4: 966-977.
    • (2004) Nat Rev Cancer , vol.4 , pp. 966-977
    • Ma, Y.1    Hendershot, L.M.2
  • 9
    • 10444226462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ER stress and the unfolded protein response
    • Schroder M, Kaufman RJ, (2005) ER stress and the unfolded protein response. Mutat Res 569: 29-63.
    • (2005) Mutat Res , vol.569 , pp. 29-63
    • Schroder, M.1    Kaufman, R.J.2
  • 11
    • 0033634641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perk is essential for translational regulation and cell survival during the unfolded protein response
    • Harding HP, Zhang Y, Bertolotti A, Zeng H, Ron D, (2000) Perk is essential for translational regulation and cell survival during the unfolded protein response. Mol Cell 5: 897-904.
    • (2000) Mol Cell , vol.5 , pp. 897-904
    • Harding, H.P.1    Zhang, Y.2    Bertolotti, A.3    Zeng, H.4    Ron, D.5
  • 12
    • 33751285479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The PERK/eIF2alpha/ATF4 module of the UPR in hypoxia resistance and tumor growth
    • Fels DR, Koumenis C, (2006) The PERK/eIF2alpha/ATF4 module of the UPR in hypoxia resistance and tumor growth. Cancer Biol Ther 5: 723-728.
    • (2006) Cancer Biol Ther , vol.5 , pp. 723-728
    • Fels, D.R.1    Koumenis, C.2
  • 13
    • 0034968330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes mellitus and exocrine pancreatic dysfunction in perk-/- mice reveals a role for translational control in secretory cell survival
    • Harding HP, Zeng H, Zhang Y, Jungries R, Chung P, et al. (2001) Diabetes mellitus and exocrine pancreatic dysfunction in perk-/- mice reveals a role for translational control in secretory cell survival. Mol Cell 7: 1153-1163.
    • (2001) Mol Cell , vol.7 , pp. 1153-1163
    • Harding, H.P.1    Zeng, H.2    Zhang, Y.3    Jungries, R.4    Chung, P.5
  • 14
    • 36048996065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PERK eIF2 alpha kinase is required to regulate the viability of the exocrine pancreas in mice
    • Iida K, Li Y, McGrath BC, Frank A, Cavener DR, (2007) PERK eIF2 alpha kinase is required to regulate the viability of the exocrine pancreas in mice. BMC Cell Biol 8: 38.
    • (2007) BMC Cell Biol , vol.8 , pp. 38
    • Iida, K.1    Li, Y.2    McGrath, B.C.3    Frank, A.4    Cavener, D.R.5
  • 15
    • 0032693671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mammalian transcription factor ATF6 is synthesized as a transmembrane protein and activated by proteolysis in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress
    • Haze K, Yoshida H, Yanagi H, Yura T, Mori K, (1999) Mammalian transcription factor ATF6 is synthesized as a transmembrane protein and activated by proteolysis in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. Mol Biol Cell 10: 3787-3799.
    • (1999) Mol Biol Cell , vol.10 , pp. 3787-3799
    • Haze, K.1    Yoshida, H.2    Yanagi, H.3    Yura, T.4    Mori, K.5
  • 16
    • 0036713724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct roles of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) in transcription during the mammalian unfolded protein response
    • Okada T, Yoshida H, Akazawa R, Negishi M, Mori K, (2002) Distinct roles of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) and double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) in transcription during the mammalian unfolded protein response. Biochem J 366: 585-594.
    • (2002) Biochem J , vol.366 , pp. 585-594
    • Okada, T.1    Yoshida, H.2    Akazawa, R.3    Negishi, M.4    Mori, K.5
  • 17
    • 34548172495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcriptional induction of mammalian ER quality control proteins is mediated by single or combined action of ATF6alpha and XBP1
    • Yamamoto K, Sato T, Matsui T, Sato M, Okada T, et al. (2007) Transcriptional induction of mammalian ER quality control proteins is mediated by single or combined action of ATF6alpha and XBP1. Dev Cell 13: 365-376.
    • (2007) Dev Cell , vol.13 , pp. 365-376
    • Yamamoto, K.1    Sato, T.2    Matsui, T.3    Sato, M.4    Okada, T.5
  • 18
    • 0034312290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The endoribonuclease activity of mammalian IRE1 autoregulates its mRNA and is required for the unfolded protein response
    • Tirasophon W, Lee K, Callaghan B, Welihinda A, Kaufman RJ, (2000) The endoribonuclease activity of mammalian IRE1 autoregulates its mRNA and is required for the unfolded protein response. Genes Dev 14: 2725-2736.
    • (2000) Genes Dev , vol.14 , pp. 2725-2736
    • Tirasophon, W.1    Lee, K.2    Callaghan, B.3    Welihinda, A.4    Kaufman, R.J.5
  • 19
    • 0035966269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • XBP1 mRNA is induced by ATF6 and spliced by IRE1 in response to ER stress to produce a highly active transcription factor
    • Yoshida H, Matsui T, Yamamoto A, Okada T, Mori K, (2001) XBP1 mRNA is induced by ATF6 and spliced by IRE1 in response to ER stress to produce a highly active transcription factor. Cell 107: 881-891.
    • (2001) Cell , vol.107 , pp. 881-891
    • Yoshida, H.1    Matsui, T.2    Yamamoto, A.3    Okada, T.4    Mori, K.5
  • 20
    • 36049049392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IRE1 signaling affects cell fate during the unfolded protein response
    • Lin JH, Li H, Yasumura D, Cohen HR, Zhang C, et al. (2007) IRE1 signaling affects cell fate during the unfolded protein response. Science 318: 944-949.
    • (2007) Science , vol.318 , pp. 944-949
    • Lin, J.H.1    Li, H.2    Yasumura, D.3    Cohen, H.R.4    Zhang, C.5
  • 21
    • 0346096508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum protein factory
    • Sitia R, Braakman I, (2003) Quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum protein factory. Nature 426: 891-894.
    • (2003) Nature , vol.426 , pp. 891-894
    • Sitia, R.1    Braakman, I.2
  • 22
    • 34548037901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Connecting endoplasmic reticulum stress to autophagy by unfolded protein response and calcium
    • Hoyer-Hansen M, Jaattela M, (2007) Connecting endoplasmic reticulum stress to autophagy by unfolded protein response and calcium. Cell Death Differ 14: 1576-1582.
    • (2007) Cell Death Differ , vol.14 , pp. 1576-1582
    • Hoyer-Hansen, M.1    Jaattela, M.2
  • 23
    • 42049087592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy: for better or for worse, in good times or in bad times
    • Lerena C, Calligaris SD, Colombo MI, (2008) Autophagy: for better or for worse, in good times or in bad times. Curr Mol Med 8: 92-101.
    • (2008) Curr Mol Med , vol.8 , pp. 92-101
    • Lerena, C.1    Calligaris, S.D.2    Colombo, M.I.3
  • 24
    • 56749170677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagic cell death: the story of a misnomer
    • Kroemer G, Levine B, (2008) Autophagic cell death: the story of a misnomer. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 9: 1004-1010.
    • (2008) Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol , vol.9 , pp. 1004-1010
    • Kroemer, G.1    Levine, B.2
  • 25
    • 25144506835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict?
    • Levine B, Yuan J, (2005) Autophagy in cell death: an innocent convict? J Clin Invest 115: 2679-2688.
    • (2005) J Clin Invest , vol.115 , pp. 2679-2688
    • Levine, B.1    Yuan, J.2
  • 26
    • 31144474327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The endoplasmic reticulum is a key component of the plasma cell death pathway
    • Pelletier N, Casamayor-Palleja M, De Luca K, Mondiere P, Saltel F, et al. (2006) The endoplasmic reticulum is a key component of the plasma cell death pathway. J Immunol 176: 1340-1347.
    • (2006) J Immunol , vol.176 , pp. 1340-1347
    • Pelletier, N.1    Casamayor-Palleja, M.2    De Luca, K.3    Mondiere, P.4    Saltel, F.5
  • 27
    • 0035957929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activation of caspase-12, an endoplastic reticulum (ER) resident caspase, through tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2-dependent mechanism in response to the ER stress
    • Yoneda T, Imaizumi K, Oono K, Yui D, Gomi F, et al. (2001) Activation of caspase-12, an endoplastic reticulum (ER) resident caspase, through tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2-dependent mechanism in response to the ER stress. J Biol Chem 276: 13935-13940.
    • (2001) J Biol Chem , vol.276 , pp. 13935-13940
    • Yoneda, T.1    Imaizumi, K.2    Oono, K.3    Yui, D.4    Gomi, F.5
  • 28
    • 66449115318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cannabinoid action induces autophagymediated cell death through stimulation of ER stress in human glioma cells
    • Salazar M, Carracedo A, Salanueva IJ, Hernandez-Tiedra S, Lorente M, et al. (2009) Cannabinoid action induces autophagymediated cell death through stimulation of ER stress in human glioma cells. J Clin Invest 119: 1359-1372.
    • (2009) J Clin Invest , vol.119 , pp. 1359-1372
    • Salazar, M.1    Carracedo, A.2    Salanueva, I.J.3    Hernandez-Tiedra, S.4    Lorente, M.5
  • 29
    • 47149092405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting the p27 E3 ligase SCF(Skp2) results in p27- and Skp2-mediated cell-cycle arrest and activation of autophagy
    • Chen Q, Xie W, Kuhn DJ, Voorhees PM, Lopez-Girona A, et al. (2008) Targeting the p27 E3 ligase SCF(Skp2) results in p27- and Skp2-mediated cell-cycle arrest and activation of autophagy. Blood 111: 4690-4699.
    • (2008) Blood , vol.111 , pp. 4690-4699
    • Chen, Q.1    Xie, W.2    Kuhn, D.J.3    Voorhees, P.M.4    Lopez-Girona, A.5
  • 30
    • 79953306808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oncogenic Ras-Induced Expression of Noxa and Beclin-1 Promotes Autophagic Cell Death and Limits Clonogenic Survival
    • Elgendy M, Sheridan C, Brumatti G, Martin SJ, (2011) Oncogenic Ras-Induced Expression of Noxa and Beclin-1 Promotes Autophagic Cell Death and Limits Clonogenic Survival. Mol Cell.
    • (2011) Mol Cell
    • Elgendy, M.1    Sheridan, C.2    Brumatti, G.3    Martin, S.J.4
  • 31
    • 77953232252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoplasmic reticulum stress mediates radiation-induced autophagy by perk-eIF2alpha in caspase-3/7-deficient cells
    • Kim KW, Moretti L, Mitchell LR, Jung DK, Lu B, (2010) Endoplasmic reticulum stress mediates radiation-induced autophagy by perk-eIF2alpha in caspase-3/7-deficient cells. Oncogene 29: 3241-3251.
    • (2010) Oncogene , vol.29 , pp. 3241-3251
    • Kim, K.W.1    Moretti, L.2    Mitchell, L.R.3    Jung, D.K.4    Lu, B.5
  • 32
    • 42649146188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The PERK/eIF2 alpha signaling pathway of Unfolded Protein Response is essential for N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4HPR)-induced cytotoxicity in cancer cells
    • Lai WL, Wong NS, (2008) The PERK/eIF2 alpha signaling pathway of Unfolded Protein Response is essential for N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4HPR)-induced cytotoxicity in cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 314: 1667-1682.
    • (2008) Exp Cell Res , vol.314 , pp. 1667-1682
    • Lai, W.L.1    Wong, N.S.2
  • 33
    • 77955006485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calcium channel blocker verapamil enhances endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell death induced by proteasome inhibition in myeloma cells
    • Meister S, Frey B, Lang VR, Gaipl US, Schett G, et al. (2010) Calcium channel blocker verapamil enhances endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell death induced by proteasome inhibition in myeloma cells. Neoplasia 12: 550-561.
    • (2010) Neoplasia , vol.12 , pp. 550-561
    • Meister, S.1    Frey, B.2    Lang, V.R.3    Gaipl, U.S.4    Schett, G.5
  • 34
    • 60549106248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of eIF2alpha dephosphorylation maximizes bortezomib efficiency and eliminates quiescent multiple myeloma cells surviving proteasome inhibitor therapy
    • Schewe DM, Aguirre-Ghiso JA, (2009) Inhibition of eIF2alpha dephosphorylation maximizes bortezomib efficiency and eliminates quiescent multiple myeloma cells surviving proteasome inhibitor therapy. Cancer Res 69: 1545-1552.
    • (2009) Cancer Res , vol.69 , pp. 1545-1552
    • Schewe, D.M.1    Aguirre-Ghiso, J.A.2
  • 35
    • 33751069967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptation to ER stress is mediated by differential stabilities of pro-survival and pro-apoptotic mRNAs and proteins
    • Rutkowski DT, Arnold SM, Miller CN, Wu J, Li J, et al. (2006) Adaptation to ER stress is mediated by differential stabilities of pro-survival and pro-apoptotic mRNAs and proteins. PLoS Biol 4: e374.
    • (2006) PLoS Biol , vol.4
    • Rutkowski, D.T.1    Arnold, S.M.2    Miller, C.N.3    Wu, J.4    Li, J.5
  • 36
    • 70349968005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tetraspanin-induced death of myeloma cell lines is autophagic and involves increased UPR signalling
    • Zismanov V, Lishner M, Tartakover-Matalon S, Radnay J, Shapiro H, et al. (2009) Tetraspanin-induced death of myeloma cell lines is autophagic and involves increased UPR signalling. Br J Cancer 101: 1402-1409.
    • (2009) Br J Cancer , vol.101 , pp. 1402-1409
    • Zismanov, V.1    Lishner, M.2    Tartakover-Matalon, S.3    Radnay, J.4    Shapiro, H.5
  • 37
    • 33749579383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endoplasmic reticulum stress triggers autophagy
    • Yorimitsu T, Nair U, Yang Z, Klionsky DJ, (2006) Endoplasmic reticulum stress triggers autophagy. J Biol Chem 281: 30299-30304.
    • (2006) J Biol Chem , vol.281 , pp. 30299-30304
    • Yorimitsu, T.1    Nair, U.2    Yang, Z.3    Klionsky, D.J.4
  • 38
    • 33947497050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced autophagy on cell survival
    • Ding WX, Ni HM, Gao W, Hou YF, Melan MA, et al. (2007) Differential effects of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced autophagy on cell survival. J Biol Chem 282: 4702-4710.
    • (2007) J Biol Chem , vol.282 , pp. 4702-4710
    • Ding, W.X.1    Ni, H.M.2    Gao, W.3    Hou, Y.F.4    Melan, M.A.5
  • 39
    • 33845459165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy is activated for cell survival after endoplasmic reticulum stress
    • Ogata M, Hino S, Saito A, Morikawa K, Kondo S, et al. (2006) Autophagy is activated for cell survival after endoplasmic reticulum stress. Mol Cell Biol 26: 9220-9231.
    • (2006) Mol Cell Biol , vol.26 , pp. 9220-9231
    • Ogata, M.1    Hino, S.2    Saito, A.3    Morikawa, K.4    Kondo, S.5
  • 40
    • 33846211417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ER stress (PERK/eIF2alpha phosphorylation) mediates the polyglutamine-induced LC3 conversion, an essential step for autophagy formation
    • Kouroku Y, Fujita E, Tanida I, Ueno T, Isoai A, et al. (2007) ER stress (PERK/eIF2alpha phosphorylation) mediates the polyglutamine-induced LC3 conversion, an essential step for autophagy formation. Cell Death Differ 14: 230-239.
    • (2007) Cell Death Differ , vol.14 , pp. 230-239
    • Kouroku, Y.1    Fujita, E.2    Tanida, I.3    Ueno, T.4    Isoai, A.5
  • 42
    • 0035881870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Autophagy delays sulindac sulfide-induced apoptosis in the human intestinal colon cancer cell line HT-29
    • Bauvy C, Gane P, Arico S, Codogno P, Ogier-Denis E, (2001) Autophagy delays sulindac sulfide-induced apoptosis in the human intestinal colon cancer cell line HT-29. Exp Cell Res 268: 139-149.
    • (2001) Exp Cell Res , vol.268 , pp. 139-149
    • Bauvy, C.1    Gane, P.2    Arico, S.3    Codogno, P.4    Ogier-Denis, E.5
  • 43
    • 50349098812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of protective autophagy in TRAIL-resistance of apoptosis defective tumor cells
    • Han J, Hou W, Goldstein LA, Lu C, Stolz DB, et al. (2008) Involvement of protective autophagy in TRAIL-resistance of apoptosis defective tumor cells. J Biol Chem.
    • (2008) J Biol Chem
    • Han, J.1    Hou, W.2    Goldstein, L.A.3    Lu, C.4    Stolz, D.B.5
  • 44
    • 0036479001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • And all of a sudden it's over: mitochondrial outer-membrane permeabilization in apoptosis
    • Waterhouse NJ, Ricci JE, Green DR, (2002) And all of a sudden it's over: mitochondrial outer-membrane permeabilization in apoptosis. Biochimie 84: 113-121.
    • (2002) Biochimie , vol.84 , pp. 113-121
    • Waterhouse, N.J.1    Ricci, J.E.2    Green, D.R.3
  • 45
    • 0032192529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of a novel event during neuronal death: development of competence-to-die in response to cytoplasmic cytochrome c
    • Deshmukh M, Johnson EM Jr, (1998) Evidence of a novel event during neuronal death: development of competence-to-die in response to cytoplasmic cytochrome c. Neuron 21: 695-705.
    • (1998) Neuron , vol.21 , pp. 695-705
    • Deshmukh, M.1    Johnson Jr., E.M.2
  • 46
    • 33744539521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proteasome inhibitors induce a terminal unfolded protein response in multiple myeloma cells
    • Obeng EA, Carlson LM, Gutman DM, Harrington WJ Jr, Lee KP, et al. (2006) Proteasome inhibitors induce a terminal unfolded protein response in multiple myeloma cells. Blood 107: 4907-4916.
    • (2006) Blood , vol.107 , pp. 4907-4916
    • Obeng, E.A.1    Carlson, L.M.2    Gutman, D.M.3    Harrington Jr., W.J.4    Lee, K.P.5
  • 48
    • 33644871517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemical blockage of the proteasome inhibitory function of bortezomib: impact on tumor cell death
    • Fernandez Y, Miller TP, Denoyelle C, Esteban JA, Tang WH, et al. (2006) Chemical blockage of the proteasome inhibitory function of bortezomib: impact on tumor cell death. J Biol Chem 281: 1107-1118.
    • (2006) J Biol Chem , vol.281 , pp. 1107-1118
    • Fernandez, Y.1    Miller, T.P.2    Denoyelle, C.3    Esteban, J.A.4    Tang, W.H.5
  • 49
    • 40949101672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation of subcellular fractions from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Unit 3 8
    • Rieder SE, Emr SD, (2001) Isolation of subcellular fractions from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr Protoc Cell Biol Chapter 3: Unit 3 8.
    • (2001) Curr Protoc Cell Biol Chapter , vol.3
    • Rieder, S.E.1    Emr, S.D.2
  • 50
    • 17344392308 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR
    • Pfaffl MW, (2001) A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR. Nucleic Acids Res 29: e45.
    • (2001) Nucleic Acids Res , vol.29
    • Pfaffl, M.W.1
  • 51
    • 0028836002 scopus 로고
    • Monodansylcadaverine (MDC) is a specific in vivo marker for autophagic vacuoles
    • Biederbick A, Kern HF, Elsasser HP, (1995) Monodansylcadaverine (MDC) is a specific in vivo marker for autophagic vacuoles. Eur J Cell Biol 66: 3-14.
    • (1995) Eur J Cell Biol , vol.66 , pp. 3-14
    • Biederbick, A.1    Kern, H.F.2    Elsasser, H.P.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.