Relationship-Specific Identification and Spontaneous Relationship Maintenance Processes

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

Volumn 101, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 737-753

  Linardatos, Lisa ^a   Lydon, John E ^a  

^a MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Attractive alternatives; Automatic relationship maintenance; Identity; Relational identity; Romantic relationships

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ASSOCIATION; ESTHETICS; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; HUMAN RELATION; IDENTITY; MALE; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SEXUALITY;

ADULT; BEAUTY; CUES; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; IDENTIFICATION (PSYCHOLOGY); INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS; MALE; SEXUAL BEHAVIOR; SEXUAL PARTNERS; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 80053224202     PISSN: 00223514     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0023647     Document Type: Article

References (112)

1. Agnew C.R., Etcheverry P.E. Cognitive interdependence: Considering self-in-relationship. Self and relationships: Connecting intrapersonal and interpersonal processes 2006, 274-293. Guilford Press, New York, NY. K.D. Vohs, E.J. Finkel (Eds.).
2. Agnew C.R., Van Lange P., Rusbult C., Langston C. Cognitive interdependence: Commitment and the mental representation of close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1998, 74:939-954.
3. Aiken L.S., West S.G. Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions 1991, Sage, Newbury Park, CA.
4. Amato P.R., Previti D. People's reason's for divorcing. Journal of Family Issues 2003, 24:602-626. 10.1177/0192513X03024005002.
5. Ambert A.-M. Divorce: Facts, causes, and consequences 2009, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 3rd ed.
6. Andersen S.M., Reznik I., Chen S. The self in relation to others: Motivational and cognitive underpinnings. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1997, 818:233-275.
7. Andersen S.M., Reznik I., Manzella L.M. Eliciting facial affect, motivation, and expectancies in transference: Significant-other representations in social relations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1996, 71:1108-1129. 10.1037/0022-3514.71.6.1108.
8. Aron A., Aron E.N. Love as the expansion of self: Understanding attraction and satisfaction 1986, Hemisphere Publication Services, New York, NY.
9. Aron A., Aron E.N. Self and self-expansion in relationships. Knowledge structures in close relationships: A social psychological approach 1996, 325-344. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ. G. Fletcher, J. Fitness (Eds.).
10. Aron A., Aron E.N., Smollan D. Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1992, 63:596-612. 10.1037/0022-3514.63.4.596.
11. Aron A., Aron E.N., Tudor M., Nelson G. Close relationships as including other in the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1991, 60:241-253. 10.1037/0022-3514.60.2.241.
12. Aron A., McLaughlin-Volpe T., Mashek D., Lewandowski G., Wright S.C., Aron E.N. Including others in the self. European review of social psychology 2004, Vol. 15:101-132. Psychology Press, Hove, England. W. Stroebe, M. Hewstone (Eds.).
13. Aron A., Melinat E., Aron E.N., Vallone R.D., Bator R.J. The experimental generation of interpersonal closeness: A procedure and some preliminary findings. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 1997, 23:363-377. 10.1177/0146167297234003.
14. Arriaga X.B. Joking violence among highly committed individuals. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 2002, 17:591-610. 10.1177/0886260502017006001.
15. Baldwin M.W. Relational schemas and the processing of social information. Psychological Bulletin 1992, 112:461-484. 10.1037/0033-2909.112.3.461.
16. Baldwin M.W., Carrell S.E., Lopez D.F. Priming relationship schemas: My advisor and the Pope are watching me from the back of my mind. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 1990, 26:435-454. 10.1016/0022-1031(90)90068-W.
17. Baldwin M.W., Holmes J.G. Salient private audiences and awareness of the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1987, 52:1087-1098.
18. Baldwin M.W., Lydon J.E., McClure M.J., Etchison S. Measuring implicit processes in close relationships. Handbook of implicit social cognition: Measurement, theory, and applications 2010, 426-444. Guilford Press, New York, NY. B. Gawronski, K. Payne (Eds.).
19. Bargh J.A., Chartrand T.L. The unbearable automaticity of being. American Psychologist 1999, 54:462-479. 10.1037/0003-066X.54.7.462.
20. Baumeister R.F., Leary M.R. The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin 1995, 117:497-529. 10.1037/0033-2909.117.3.497.
21. Berk M.S., Andersen S.M. The impact of past relationships on interpersonal behavior: Behavioral confirmation in the social-cognitive process of transference. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2000, 79:546-562. 10.1037/0022-3514.79.4.546.
22. Brickman P. Commitment. Commitment, conflict, and caring 1987, 1-18. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. B. Wortman, R. Sorrentino (Eds.).
23. Burke P.J., Reitzes D.C. An identity theory approach to commitment. Social Psychology Quarterly 1991, 54:239-251. 10.2307/2786653.
24. Burton, K.D., Lydon, J. Priming relationship identification to increase relationship supportive behavior. In L.A. Neff a(Chair), Support in close relationships: When are intimates most likely to engage in supportive behaviors? Symposium conducted at the 5th Annual Meeting of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Austin, TX.
25. Burton K.D., Lydon J.E., D'Alessandro D.U., Koestner R. The differential effects of intrinsic and identified motivation on well-being and performance: Prospective, experimental, and implicit approaches to self-determination theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2006, 91:750-762. 10.1037/0022-3514.91.4.750.
26. Buss D.M. The evolution of desire: Strategies of human mating 1994, Basic Books, New York, NY.
27. Chartrand T.L., Bargh J. Automatic activation of impression formation and memorization goals: Nonconscious goal priming reproduces effects of explicit task instructions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1996, 71:464-478. 10.1037/0022-3514.71.3.464.
28. Chen S., Boucher H.C., Tapias M.P. The relational self revealed: Integrative conceptualization and implications for interpersonal life. Psychological Bulletin 2006, 132:151-179. 10.1037/0033-2909.132.2.151.
29. Collins N.L., Read S.J. Cognitive representation of attachment: The structure and function of working models. Attachment processes in adulthood 1994, 53-90. Jessica Kingsley, Bristol, England. K. Bartholomew (Ed.).
30. Cross S.E., Bacon P., Morris M. The relational-interdependent self-construal and relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2000, 78:791-808. 10.1037/0022-3514.78.4.791.
31. Cross S.E., Gore S.J. The relational self-construal and closeness. Handbook of closeness and intimacy 2004, 229-245. Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ. D.J. Mashek, A. Aron (Eds.).
32. Cross, S.E., Hardin, E.E., & Gercek-Swing, B. (in press). The what, how, why, and where of self-construal. Personality and Social Psychology Review.
33. Cross S.E., Morris M.L. Getting to know you: The relational self-construal, relational cognition, and well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2003, 29:512-523. 10.1177/0146167202250920.
34. Cross S.E., Morris M., Gore J. Thinking about oneself and others: The relational-interdependent self-construal and social cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2002, 82:399-418. 10.1037/0022-3514.82.3.399.
35. Dandeneau S.D., Baldwin M.W., Baccus J.R., Sakellaropoulo M., Pruessner J.C. Cutting stress off at the pass: Reducing vigilance and responsiveness to social threat by manipulating attention. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2007, 93:651-666. 10.1037/0022-3514.93.4.651.
36. Davis D., Shaver P.R., Vernon M.L. Physical, emotional, and behavioral reactions to breaking up: The roles of gender, age, emotional involvement, and attachment style. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2003, 29:871-884. 10.1177/0146167203029007006.
37. Deci E.L., Ryan R.M. The " what" and " why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry 2000, 11:227-268. 10.1207/S15327965PLI1104_01.
38. Diener E., Suh E.M., Lucas R.E., Smith H.L. Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress-1967 to 1997. Psychological Bulletin 1999, 125:276-302. 10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.276.
39. Drigotas S.M., Rusbult C.E. Should I stay or should I go? A dependence model of breakups. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1992, 62:62-87. 10.1037/0022-3514.62.1.62.
40. Drigotas S.M., Safstrom A., Gentilia T. An investment model prediction of dating infidelity. Journal of Personality and Social Personality 1999, 77:509-524. 10.1037/0022-3514.77.3.509.
41. Fazio R.H. How do attitudes guide behavior?. The handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior 1986, 204-243. Guilford Press, New York, NY. R.M. Sorrentino, E.T. Higgins (Eds.).
42. Felmlee D., Sprecher S., Bassin E. The dissolution of intimate relationships: A hazard model. Social Psychology Quarterly 1990, 53:13-30. 10.2307/2786866.
43. Fincham F.D., Bradbury T.N. Assessing attributions in marriage: The Relationship Attribution Measure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1992, 62:457-468. 10.1037/0022-3514.62.3.457.
44. Finkel E.J., Rusbult C., Kumashiro K., Hannon P. Dealing with betrayal in close relationships: Does commitment promote forgiveness?. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2002, 82:956-974. 10.1037/0022-3514.82.6.956.
45. Fitzsimons G.M., Bargh J.A. Thinking of you: Nonconscious pursuit of interpersonal goals associated with relationship partners. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2003, 84:148-164. 10.1037/0022-3514.84.1.148.
46. Fitzsimons G.M., Kay A.C. Language and interpersonal cognition: Causal effects of variations in pronoun usage on perceptions of closeness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2004, 30:547-557. 10.1177/0146167203262852.
47. Fox E., Russo R., Bowles R., Dutton K. Do threatening stimuli draw or hold visual attention in subclinical anxiety?. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 2001, 130:681-700. 10.1037/0096-3445.130.4.681.
48. Frank E., Brandstatter V. Approach versus avoidance: Different types of commitment in intimate relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2002, 82:208-221. 10.1037/0022-3514.82.2.208.
49. Gagné F.M., Lydon J.E. Identification and the commitment shift: Accounting for gender differences in relationship illusions. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2003, 29:907-919. 10.1177/0146167203029007009.
50. Gollwitzer P.M., Kirchhof O. The willful pursuit of identity. Motivation and self-regulation across the life span 1998, 389-423. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY. 10.1017/CBO9780511527869.017. J. Heckhausen, C.S. Dweck (Eds.).
51. Gore J.S., Cross S.E. Pursuing goals for us: Relationally autonomous reasons in long-term goal pursuit. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2006, 90:848-861.
52. Gore, J.S., & Cross, S.E. (in press). Conflicts of interest: Relational self-construal and decision-making in interpersonal contexts. Self and Identity.
53. Gore J.S., Cross S.E., Morris M.L. Let's be friends: The relational self-construal and the development of intimacy. Personal Relationships 2006, 13:83-102. 10.1111/j.1475-6811.2006.00106.x.
54. Horberg E.J., Chen S. Significant others and contingencies of self-worth: Activation and consequences of relationship-specific contingences of self-worth. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2010, 98:77-91. 10.1037/a0016428.
55. House J.S., Landis K.R., Umberson D. Social relationships and health. Science 1988, July 29, 241:540-545. 10.1126/science.3399889.
56. Johnson D.J., Rusbult C.E. Resisting temptation: Devaluation of alternative partners as a means of maintaining commitment in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1989, 57:967-980. 10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.967.
57. Johnson M.P. Commitment to personal relationships. Advances in Personal Relationships 1991, 3:117-143.
58. Kampe K.K., Frith C.D., Dolan R.J., Frith U. Reward value of attractiveness and gaze. Nature 2001, October 11, 413:589. 10.1038/35098149.
59. Kanter R.M. Commitment and community: Communes and utopias in social perspectives 1972, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
60. Karremans J.C., Aarts H. The role of automaticity in the inclination to forgive close others. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2007, 43:902-917. 10.1016/j.jesp.2006.10.012.
61. Karremans J.C., Van Lange P.A.M. The role of forgiveness in shifting from " me" to " we." Self and Identity 2008, 7:75-88.
62. Kelley H.H., Thibaut J.W. Interpersonal relations: A theory of interdependence 1978, Wiley, New York, NY.
63. Kenrick D.T., Neuberg S.L., Zierk K.L., Krones J.M. Evolution and social cognition: Contrast effects as a function of sex, dominance, and physical attractiveness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 1994, 20:210-217. 10.1177/0146167294202008.
64. Kiecolt-Glaser J.K., Newton T.L. Marriage and health: His and hers. Psychological Bulletin 2001, 127:472-503. 10.1037/0033-2909.127.4.472.
65. Le B., Dove N.L., Agnew C.R., Korn M.S., Mutso A.A. Predicting nonmarital romantic relationship dissolution: A meta-analytic synthesis. Personal Relationships 2010, 17:377-390. 10.1111/j.1475-6811.2010.01285.x.
66. Lund M. The development of investment and commitment scales for predicting continuity of personal relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 1985, 2:3-23. 10.1177/0265407585021001.
67. Lydon J.E. Toward a theory of commitment. Values: The Eighth Ontario Symposium 1996, 191-213. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ. C. Seligman, J. Olson, M. Zanna (Eds.).
68. Lydon J.E. How to forego forbidden fruit: The regulation of attractive alternatives as a commitment mechanism. Social and Personality Psychology Compass 2010, 4:635-644. 10.1111/j.1751-9004.2010.00283.x.
69. Lydon J.E., Burton K., Menzies-Toman D. Commitment calibration with the relationship cognition toolbox. Interpersonal cognition 2005, 126-152. Guilford Press, New York, NY. M.W. Baldwin (Ed.).
70. Lydon J.E., Fitzsimons G.M., Naidoo L. Devaluation versus enhancement of attractive alternatives: A critical test using the calibration paradigm. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2003, 29:349-359. 10.1177/0146167202250202.
71. Lydon J.E., Meana M., Sepinwall D., Richards N., Mayman S. The commitment calibration hypothesis: When do people devalue attractive alternatives?. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 1999, 25:152-161. 10.1177/0146167299025002002.
72. Lydon J.E., Menzies-Toman D.A., Burton K., Bell C. If-then contingencies and the differential effects of the availability of an attractive alternative on relationship maintenance for men and women. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2008, 95:50-65. 10.1037/0022-3514.95.1.50.
73. Lydon J.E., Zanna M. Commitment in the face of adversity: A value-affirmation approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1990, 58:1040-1047. 10.1037/0022-3514.58.6.1040.
74. Maner J.K., Gailliot M.T., DeWall C.N. Adaptive attentional attunement: Evidence for mating-related perceptual bias. Evolution and Human Behavior 2007, 28:28-36. 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2006.05.006.
75. Maner J.K., Gailliot M.T., Miller S.L. The implicit cognition of relationship maintenance: Inattention to attractive alternatives. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2009, 45:174-179. 10.1016/j.jesp.2008.08.002.
76. Maner J.K., Gailliot M.T., Rouby D.A., Miller S.L. Can't take my eyes off of you: Attentional adhesion to mates and rivals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2007, 93:389-401. 10.1037/0022-3514.93.3.389.
77. Maner J.K., Kenrick D., Becker D., Delton A., Hofer B., Wilbur C., Neuberg S. Sexually selective cognition: Beauty captures the mind of the beholder. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2003, 85:1107-1120. 10.1037/0022-3514.85.6.1107.
78. Maner J.K., Rouby D.A., Gonzaga G.C. Automatic inattention to attractive alternatives: The evolved psychology of relationship maintenance. Evolution and Human Behavior 2008, 29:343-349. 10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2008.04.003.
79. McNulty J.K., O'Mara E.M., Karney B.R. Benevolent cognitions as a strategy of relationship maintenance: " Don't sweat the small stuff" .... but it is not all small stuff. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2008, 94:631-646. 10.1037/0022-3514.94.4.631.
80. Menzies-Toman D.A., Lydon J.E. Commitment-motivated benign appraisals of partner transgressions: Do they facilitate accommodation?. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 2005, 22:111-128. 10.1177/0265407505049324.
81. Miller R.S. Inattentive and contented: Relationship commitment and attention to alternatives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1997, 73:758-766.
82. Monroe S.M., Rohde P., Seeley J.R., Lewinsohn P.M. Life events and depression in adolescence: Relationship loss as a prospective risk factor for the first onset of major depressive disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1999, 108:606-614. 10.1037/0021-843X.108.4.606.
83. Olson I.R., Marshuetz C. Facial attractiveness is appraised in a glance. Emotion 2005, 5:498-502. 10.1037/1528-3542.5.4.498.
84. Overall N.C., Fletcher G.J.O., Friesen M.D. Mapping the intimate relationship mind: Comparisons between three models of attachment representations. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2003, 29:1479-1493. 10.1177/0146167203251519.
85. Perunovic M., Holmes J. Automatic accommodation: The role of personality. Personal Relationships 2008, 15:57-70. 10.1111/j.1475-6811.2007.00184.x.
86. Pierce T., Lydon J. Global and specific relational models in the experience of social interactions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2001, 80:613-631. 10.1037/0022-3514.80.4.613.
87. Pinel E.C., Long A.E., Landau M.J., Alexander K., Pyszczynski T. Seeing I to I: A pathway to interpersonal connectedness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2006, 90:243-257. 10.1037/0022-3514.90.2.243.
88. Pronk T.M., Karremans J.C., Overbeek G., Vermulst A.A., Wigboldus D.H.J. What it takes to forgive: When and why executive functioning facilitates forgiveness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2010, 98:119-131. 10.1037/a0017875.
89. Pronk T.M., Karremans J.C., Wigboldus D.H.J. How can you resist? Executive control helps romantically involved individuals to stay faithful. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2011, 100:827-837.
90. Putnam R.D. Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community 2000, Simon & Schuster, New York, NY.
91. Ritter S.M., Karremans J.C., van Schie H.T. The role of self-regulation in derogating attractive alternatives. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 2010, 46:631-637. 10.1016/j.jesp.2010.02.010.
92. Rusbult C.E. Commentary on Johnson's " Commitment to personal relationships": What's interesting, and what's new?. Advances in personal relationships 1991, Vol. 3:151-169. Jessica Kingsley, London, England. W.H. Jones, D.W. Perlman (Eds.).
93. Rusbult C.E., Verette J., Whitney G.A., Slovik L.F., Lipkus I. Accommodation processes in close relationships: Theory and preliminary empirical evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1991, 60:53-78. 10.1037/0022-3514.60.1.53.
94. Ryan R.M., Connell J. Perceived locus of causality and internalizations: Examining reasons for acting in two domains. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1989, 57:749-761. 10.1037/0022-3514.57.5.749.
95. Ryan R.M., Deci E.L. Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development and well-being. American Psychologist 2000, 55:68-78. 10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68.
96. Sbarra D.A. Predicting the onset of emotional recovery following nonmarital relationship dissolution: Survival analyses of sadness and anger. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2006, 32:298-312. 10.1177/0146167205280913.
97. Shah J. Automatic for the people: How representations of significant others implicitly affect goal pursuit. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2003, 84:661-681. 10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.661.
98. Shaver P., Hazan C., Bradshaw D. Love as attachment: The integration of three behavioral systems. The psychology of love 1988, 68-99. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT. R.J. Steinberg, M.L. Barnes (Eds.).
99. Sheldon K., Elliot A. Not all personal goals are personal: Comparing autonomous and controlled reasons for goals as predictors of effort and attainment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 1998, 24:546-557. 10.1177/0146167298245010.
100. Shimojo S., Simion C., Shimojo E., Scheier C. Gaze bias both reflects and influences preference. Nature Neuroscience 2003, 6:1317-1322. 10.1038/nn1150.
101. Simpson J.A. The dissolution of romantic relationships: Factors involved in relationship stability and emotional distress. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1987, 53:683-692. 10.1037/0022-3514.53.4.683.
102. Simpson J.A., Gangestad S., Lerma M. Perception of physical attractiveness: Mechanisms involved in the maintenance of romantic relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1990, 59:1192-1201. 10.1037/0022-3514.59.6.1192.
103. Simpson J.A., Rholes W.S., Nelligan J.A. Support seeking and support giving within couples in an anxiety-provoking situation: The role of attachment styles. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1992, 62:434-446. 10.1037/0022-3514.62.3.434.
104. Slotter E.B., Finkel E.J. The strange case of sustained dedication to an unfulfilling relationship: Predicting commitment and breakup from attachment anxiety and need fulfillment within relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2009, 35:85-100. 10.1177/0146167208325244.
105. Slotter E.B., Gardner W.L., Finkel E.J. Who am I without you? The influence of romantic breakup on the self-concept. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2010, 36:147-160. 10.1177/0146167209352250.
106. Sobel M.E. Asymptotic intervals for indirect effects in structural equations models. Sociological methodology 1982 1982, 290-312. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, CA. S. Leinhart (Ed.).
107. Strauman T.J., Higgins E.T. Self-discrepancies as predictors of vulnerability to distinct syndromes of chronic emotional distress. Journal of Personality 1988, 56:685-707.
108. Swann W.B., Gómez A., Huici C., Morales F., Hixon J.G. Identity fusion and self-sacrifice: Arousal as catalyst of pro-group fighting, dying, and helping behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2010, 99:824-841.
109. Swann W.B., Stein-Seroussi A., Giesler R.B. Why people self-verify. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1992, 62:392-401. 10.1037/0022-3514.62.3.392.
110. Uchino B.N., Cacioppo J.T., Kiecolt-Glaser J.K. The relationship between social support and physiological processes: A review with emphasis on underlying mechanisms and implications for health. Psychological Bulletin 1996, 119:488-531. 10.1037/0033-2909.119.3.488.
111. van Straaten I., Holland R.W., Finkenauer C., Hollenstein T., Engels R.C.M.E. Gazing behavior during mixed-sex interactions: Sex and attractiveness effects. Archives of Sexual Behavior 2010, 39:1055-1062. 10.1007/s10508-009-9482-x.
112. Wicklund R.A., Gollwitzer P.M. Symbolic self-completion 1982, Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.