Including others in the self

European Review of Social Psychology

Volumn 15, Issue 1, 2004, Pages 101-132

  Aron, Arthur ^a   McLaughlin Volpe, Tracy ^b   Mashek, Debra ^a   Lewandowski, Gary ^c   Wright, Stephen C ^d   Aron, Elaine N ^a  

^a STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT   (United States)

^c MONMOUTH UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85052831125     PISSN: 10463283     EISSN: 1479277X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10463280440000008     Document Type: Article

References (108)

1. Abrams, D., and Hogg, MA. 2001. Collective identity: Group membership and self-concept
2. Agnew, CR, Loving, TJ, and Goodfriend, W., 2004. Thinking close: Measuring relational closeness as perceived self-other inclusion 103–115.
3. Agnew, CR, Van Lange, PAM, Rusbult, CE, and Langston, CA. 1998. Cognitive interdependence: Commitment and the mental representation of close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74: 939–954.
4. Allport, G., 1954. The nature of prejudice
5. Aron, A., 2002. The self and relationships
6. Aron, A., and Aron, EN. 1986. Love as the expansion of self: Understanding attraction and satisfaction
7. Aron, A., Aron, EN, and Norman, C., 2001. The self expansion model of motivation and cognition in close relationships and beyond 478–501.
8. Aron, A., Aron, EN, and Smollan, D., 1992. Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63: 596–612.
9. Aron, A., Aron, EN, Tudor, M., and Nelson, G., 1991. Close relationships as including other in the self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60: 241–253.
10. Aron, A., and Fraley, B., 1999. Relationship closeness as including other in the self: Cognitive underpinnings and measures. Social Cognition, 17: 140–160.
11. Aron, A., and McLaughlin-Volpe, T., 2001. Including others in the self: Extensions to own and partner's group memberships
12. Aron, A., Melinat, E., Aron, EN, Vallone, R., and Bator, R., 1997. The experimental generation of interpersonal closeness: A procedure and some preliminary findings. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23: 363–377.
13. Aron, A., Norman, CC, and Aron, EN. 1998. The self-expansion model and motivation. Representative Research in Social Psychology, 22: 1–13.
14. Aron, A., Norman, CC, Aron, EN, McKenna, C., and Heyman, R., 2000. Couples' shared participation in novel and arousing activities and experienced relationship quality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78: 273–283.
15. Aron, A., Paris, M., and Aron, EN. 1995. Falling in love: Prospective studies of self-concept change. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,: 69
16. Bandura, A., 1977. Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84: 191–215.
17. Baumeister, RF, and Leary, MR. 1995. The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 117: 497–529.
18. Beach, SR, Tesser, A., Fincham, FD, Jones, DJ, Johnson, D., and Whitaker, DJ. 1998. Pleasure and pain in doing well, together: An investigation of performance-related affect in close relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74: 923–938.
19. Berlyne, DE. 1960. Conflict, arousal, and curiosity
20. Berscheid, E., and Reis, HT. 1998. Attraction and close relationships 193
21. Bettencourt, BA, Brewer, MB, Croak, MR, and Miller, N., 1992. Cooperation and the reduction of intergroup bias: The role of reward structure and social orientation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 28: 301–319.
22. Bloom, BL, Hodges, WF, and Caldwell, RA. 1983. Marital separation: The first eight months
23. Bowlby, J., 1969. Attachment and loss: Vol. 1. Attachment Vol. 1,
24. Brewer, MB, and Gardner, W., 1996. Who is this “we”? Levels of collective identity and self-representations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71: 83–93.
25. Brewer, MB, and Miller, N., 1984. Beyond the contact hypothesis: Theoretical perspectives on desegregation 281–303.
26. Brewer, MB, and Pickett, CL. 1999. Distinctiveness motives as a source of the social self 47–69.
27. Brown, CA, Feldberg, R., Fox, EM, and Kohen, J., 1976. Divorce: Chance of a new lifetime. Journal of Social Issues, 321: 119–133.
28. Brown, P., and Manela, R., 1978. Changing family roles: Women and divorce. Journal of Divorce, 1: 315–328.
29. Brown, P., Perry, L., and Harburg, E., 1977. Sex role attitudes and psychological outcomes for black and white women experiencing marital dissolution. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 39: 549–561.
30. Brown, R., Vivian, J., and Hewstone, M., 1999. Changing attitudes through intergroup contact: The effects of group membership salience. European Journal of Social Psychology,: 29
31. Buber, M., 1937. I and thou
32. Carver, C., and Scheier, M., 1990. Principles of self-regulation, action, and emotion
33. Clark, MS, and Mills, J., 1993. The difference between communal and exchange relationships: What it is and is not. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 19: 684–691.
34. Colburn, K., Lin, PL, and Moore, MC. 1992. Gender and the divorce experience. Journal of Divorce and Remarriage, 17: 87–108.
35. Cook, SW. 1984. Cooperative interaction in multiethnic contexts 155–185.
36. Cooley, CH. 1902. Human nature and the social order
37. Deaux, K., 2000. Models, meanings and motivations 1–14.
38. De La Ronde, C., and Swann, WB, Jr. 1998. Partner verification: Restoring shattered images of our intimates. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75: 374–382.
39. Diedrick, P., 1991. Gender differences in divorce adjustment. Journal of Divorce,: 14
40. French, JRP, and Raven, BH. 1959. The bases of social power
41. Gaertner, SL, and Dovidio, JF. 2000. Reducing intergroup bias: The common ingroup identity model
42. Gardner, WL, Gabriel, S., and Hochschild, L., 2002. When you and I are “we”, you are not threatening: The role of self-expansion in social comparison. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,: 82
43. Gecas, V., 1989. Social psychology of self-efficacy. American Sociological Review, 15: 291–316.
44. Haber, J., 1990. A family systems model for divorce and the loss of self. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 4: 228–234.
45. Hewstone, M., 1996. Contact and categorization: Social psychological interventions to change intergroup relations 323–368.
46. Hewstone, M., and Brown, R., 1986. Contact and conflict in intergroup encounters
47. Hewstone, M., Rubin, M., and Willis, H., 2002. Intergroup bias. Annual Review of Psychology, 53: 575–604.
48. Hogg, MA. 2001. Subjective uncertainty reduction through self-categorization: A motivational theory of social identity processes. European Review of Social Psychology, 11: 223–255.
49. James, W., 1948. Psychology
50. Jones, EE, and Nisbett, R., 1971. The actor and the observer: Divergent perceptions of the causes of behavior 79–94.
51. Kelley, HH, and Thibaut, JW. 1978. Interpersonal relationships: A theory of interdependence
52. Kitson, GC, and Holmes. 1992. Portrait of divorce: Adjustment to marital breakdown
53. Kitson, GC, and Morgan, LA. 1990. The multiple consequences of divorce. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 52: 913–924.
54. Kitson, GC, and Raschke, HJ. 1981. Divorce research: What we know, what we need to know. Journal of Divorce, 4: 1–37.
55. Kohen, JA. 1981. From wife to family head: Transitions in self-identity. Psychiatry, 44: 230–240.
56. Lalande, VM. 1991. Adult self development during divorce: A qualitative inquiry
57. Leary, MR, and Baumeister, RF. 2000. The nature and function of self-esteem: Sociometer theory. 32: 1
58. Lewandowski, G., 2002. Relationship dissolution and the self-concept: The effects of interpersonal closeness and self-expansion
59. Lewandowski, GW, Jr and Aron, A., 2002. The self-expansion scale
60. Lord, CG. 1980. Schemas and images as memory aids: Two modes of processing social information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 38: 257–269.
61. Lord, CG. 1987. Imagining self and others: Reply to Brown, Keenan, and Potts. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53: 445–450.
62. Markus, HR, and Kitayama, S., 1991. Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98: 224–253.
63. Mashek, D., 2002. Feeling too close in romantic relationships: A consequence of threat to control?
64. Mashek, DJ, Aron, A., and Boncimino, M., 2003. Confusions of self and close others. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29
65. Mashek, D., and Sherman, M., 2004. Feeling too close to intimate others 343–356.
66. McFarland, C., Buehler, R., and MacKay, L., 2001. Affective responses to social comparisons with extremely close others. Social Cognition, 19: 547–586.
67. McLaughlin-Volpe, T., 1998. Social interactions with members of ethnic outgroups and ethnic prejudice: A diary study
68. McLaughlin-Volpe, T., 2004. The intergroup contact effect as including an outgroup other in the self
69. Mead, GH. 1934. Mind, self, and society
70. Medvene, LJ, Teal, CR, and Slavich, S., 2000. Including the other in self: Implications for judgments of equity and satisfaction in close relationships. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19: 396–419.
71. Mika, K., and Bloom, B., 1981. Adjustment to separation among former cohabitators. Journal of Divorce, 4: 45–66.
72. Miller, N., Brewer, MB, and Edwards, K., 1985. Cooperative interaction in desegregated settings: A laboratory analogue. Journal of Social Issues, 41: 63–79.
73. Otten, S., 2002. I am positive and so are we: The self as a determinant of favoritism towards novel ingroups 273–292.
74. Paolini, S., Hewstone, M., Cairns, E., and Voci, A., 2002. Effects of direct and indirect cross-group friendships on judgments of Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland: The mediating role of an anxiety-reduction mechanism
75. Pettigrew, TF. 1997. Generalized intergroup effects on prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 23: 173–185.
76. Pettigrew, TF. 1998. Intergroup contact theory. Annual Review of Psychology, 49: 65–85.
77. Pettigrew, TF, and Tropp, L., 2000. Does intergroup contact reduce prejudice? Recent meta-analytic findings 93–114.
78. Reis, HT, and Wheeler, L., 1991. Studying social interaction with the Rochester Interaction Record. 24: 269
79. Rubin, M., and Hewstone, M., 1998. Social identity theory's self-esteem hypothesis: A review and some suggestions for clarification. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2: 40–62.
80. Rusbult, CE, and Arriaga, XB. 2000. Interdependence in personal relationships 79–108.
81. Ryan, RM, and Deci, EL. 2000. Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist,: 55
82. Sande, GN, Goethals, GR, and Radloff, CE. 1988. Perceiving one's own traits and others': The multifaceted self. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54: 13–20.
83. Sedikides, C., Olsen, N., and Reis, HT. 1993. Relationships as natural categories. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64: 71–82.
84. Sedikides, C., and Strube, MJ. 1995. The multiply motivated self. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21: 1330–1335.
85. Sherif, M., Harvey, OJ, White, BJ, Hood, WR, and Sherif, CW. 1961. Intergroup conflict and cooperation: The Robbers Cave experiment
86. Singer, L., 1975. Divorce and the single life: Divorce as development. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 1: 254–262.
87. Simon, B., 1999. A place in the world: Self and social categorization 47–69.
88. Smith, E., 2002. Overlapping mental representations of self and group: Evidence and implications 21–35.
89. Smith, E., Coats, S., and Walling, D., 1999. Overlapping mental representations of self, in-group, and partner: Further response time evidence and a connectionist model. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25: 873–882.
90. Smith, E., and Henry, S., 1996. An in-group becomes part of the self: Response time evaluation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22: 635–642.
91. Spanier, G., and Casto, R., 1979. Adjustment to separation and divorce: An analysis of 50 case studies. Journal of Divorce, 2: 241–253.
92. Sprecher, S., 1994. Two sides to the breakup of a dating relationship. Personal Relationships, 1: 199–222.
93. Stierlin, H., 1976. The dynamics of owning and disowning: Psychoanalytic and family perspectives. Family Process, 15: 277–289.
94. Stormoen, DJ. 1992. Relationship loss and psychological well-being: A study of women's long-term divorce adjustment
95. Swann, WB, Pelham, BW, and Krull, DS. 1989. Agreeable fancy or disagreeable truth? Reconciling self-enhancement and self-verification. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57: 782–791.
96. Symons, CS, and Johnson, BT. 1997. The self-reference effect in memory: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 1213: 371–394.
97. Tajfel, H., Billig, MG, Bundy, RP, and Flament, C., 1971. Social categorization and intergroup behaviour. European Journal of Social Psychology, 1: 149–178.
98. Tajfel, H., and Turner, JC. 1979. An integrative theory of intergroup conflict 33–47.
99. Taylor, SE, Neter, E., and Wayment, HA. 1995. Self-evaluative processes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21: 1278–1287.
100. Thurner, M., Fenn, CB, Melichar, J., and Chiriboga, DA. 1983. Sociodemographic perspectives on reasons for divorce. Journal of Divorce, 64: 25–35.
101. Tropp, LR, and Wright, SC. 2001. Ingroup identification as inclusion of ingroup in the self. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27: 585–600.
102. Turner, JC, Hogg, MA, Oakes, PJ, Reicher, SD, and Wetherell, MS. 1987. Rediscovering the social group: A self-categorization theory
103. Turner, JC, Oakes, PJ, Haslam, SA, and McGarty, C., 1994. Self and collective: Cognition and social context. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20: 454–463.
104. Weigart, AJ, and Hastings, R., 1977. Identity loss, family, and social change. American Journal of Sociology, 82: 1171–1185.
105. White, RW. 1959. Motivation reconsidered: The concept of confidence. Psychological Review, 66: 297–333.
106. Wright, SC, Aron, A., McLaughlin-Volpe, T., and Ropp, SA. 1997. The extended contact effect: Knowledge of cross-group friendships and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73: 73–90.
107. Wright, SC, Aron, A., and Tropp, LR. 2002. Including others (and groups) in the self: Self-expansion and intergroup relations
108. Wright, SC, and Van Der Zande, CC. 1999. Bicultural friends: When cross-group friendships cause improved intergroup attitudes