User model interoperability: A survey

User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction

Volumn 21, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 285-331

  Carmagnola, F ^a   Cena, F ^a   Gena, C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TURIN   (Italy)

Author keywords

Interoperability; User model interoperability; User modeling; User adaptive systems

Indexed keywords

POSSIBLE FUTURES; USER EXPERIENCE; USER MODELING; USER MODELS; USER-ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS;

ADAPTIVE SYSTEMS; MATHEMATICAL MODELS;

INTEROPERABILITY;

EID: 80052448327     PISSN: 09241868     EISSN: 15731391     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11257-011-9097-5     Document Type: Review

References (107)

1. Abel, F., Henze, N., Herder, E., Krause, D.: Interweaving public user profiles on the web. In: Bra, P.D., Kobsa, A., Chin, D.N. (eds.) User Modeling, Adaptation, and Personalization: 18th International Conference, UMAP 2010. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 6075, pp. 16-27, ISBN 978-3-642-13469-2. Springer, New York (2010)
2. ACL.: ACL, Agent Communication Language. http://www.fipa.org/specs/ fipa00061/index.html (2002)
3. Aroyo, L., Dolog, P., Houben, G.-J., Kravcik, M., Naeve, A., Nilsson, M., Wild, F.: Interoperability in personalized adaptive learning. Edu. Technol. Soc. 9(2), 4-18 (2006) (Pubitemid 43723728)
4. Assad, M., Carmichael, D.J., Kay, J., Kummerfeld, B.: PersonisAD: distributed, active, scrutable model framework for context-aware services. In: LaMarca, A., Langheinrich,M., Truong, K.N. (eds.) Pervasive. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4480, pp. 55-72, ISBN 978-3-540-72036-2. Springer, New York (2007)
5. Berkovsky, S.: Ubiquitous user modeling in recommender systems. In: User Modeling 2005, 10th International Conference,UM2005, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, July 24-29, 2005, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 3538, pp. 496-498, ISBN 3-540-27885-0. Springer, New York (2005)
6. Berkovsky, S.: Decentralized mediation of user models for a better personalization. In: Wade, V.P., Ashman, H., Smyth, B. (eds.) Adaptive Hypermedia and Adaptive Web-Based Systems, 4th International Conference, AH 2006, Dublin, Ireland, June 21-23, 2006, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4018, pp. 404-408, ISBN 3-540-34696-1. Springer, New York (2006) (Pubitemid 44077646)
7. Berkovsky, S., Eytani, Y., Kuflik, T., Ricci, F.: Privacy-enhanced collaborative filtering. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Privacy-Enhanced Personalization (PEP), at the 10th International Conference on User Modeling (UM05), Edinburgh, UK, pp. 75-83 (2005)
8. Berkovsky, S., Gorfinkel, A., Kuflika, T.,Manevitz, L.: Case-based to content-based user model mediation. In: Workshop on Ubiquitous User Modeling, at the European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Riva del Garda, Italy (2006a)
9. Berkovsky, S., Kuflik, T., Ricci, F.: Enhancing privacy while preserving the accuracy of collaborative filtering. In: Proceedings of theWorkshop on Recommender Systems (RS), at the European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI), pp. 49-53 (2006b)
10. Berkovsky, S., Kuflik, T., Ricci, F.:Mediation of usermodels for enhanced personalization in recommender systems. User Model. User-Adap. Inter. 18(3), 245-286 (2008)
11. Berkovsky, S.,Kuflik, T., Ricci, F.: Cross-representationmediation of usermodels.UserModel. User-Adap. Inter. 19(1-2), 35-63 (2009)
12. Berners-Lee, T., Hendler, J., Lassila, O.: The semantic web. Sci. Am., 28-37 (2001)
13. Brajnik, G., Tasso, C.: A shell for developing nonmonotonic user modeling systems. Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud. 40, 31-62 (1994)
14. Brar, A., Kay, J.: Privacy and Security in Ubiquitous Personalized Applications. Technical Report, School of Information Technologies, University of Sydney, NWS (2004)
15. Breslin, J., Decker, S.: The future of social networks on the internet: the need for semantics. IEEE Internet Comput. 11, 86-90 (2007) (Pubitemid 350148370)
16. Brooks, C.,Winter, M., Greer, J., McCalla, G.: The massive user modelling system (MUMS). In: Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, pp. 635-645 (2004)
17. Brusilovsky, P.: Methods and techniques of adaptive hypermedia. User Model. User-Adap. Inter. 60(2-3), 87-129 (1996) (Pubitemid 126716208)
18. Brusilovsky, P.: Adaptive hypermedia. User Model. User-Adap. Inter. 11(1-2), 87-110 (2001) (Pubitemid 32409026)
19. Brusilovsky, P.: KnowledgeTree: a distributed architecture for adaptive e-learning. In: Feldman, S.I., Uretsky, M., Najork, M., Wills, C.E. (eds.) WWW, International World Wide Web Conferences, pp. 104-113, ISBN 1-58113-912-8. ACM, New York (2004)
20. Brusilovsky, P., Millán, E.: User models for adaptive hypermedia and adaptive educational systems. In: Brusilovsky, P., Kobsa, A., Nejdl, W. (eds.) The Adaptive Web, Methods and Strategies of Web Personalization. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4321, pp. 3-53, ISBN 978-3-540-72078-2. Springer, New York (2007) (Pubitemid 351189193)
21. Brusilovsky, P., Ritter, S., Schwarz, E.: Distributed intelligent tutoring on the web. In: Proceedings of the 8th World Conference of the AIED Society, August, 1997, Kobe, Japan, pp. 27-34 (1997)
22. Caglayan, A.K., Snorrason, M., Jacoby, J., Mazzu, J., Jones, R., Kumar, K.: Learn sesame, a learning agent engine. Appl. Artif. Intell. 11(5), 393-412 (1997)
23. Carmagnola, F.: From User Models to Interoperable User Models. PhD Thesis, University of Turin, Italy (2007)
24. Carmagnola, F., Cena, F.: From interoperable user models to interoperable user modeling. In: Wade, V.P., Ashman, H., Smyth, B. (eds.) Adaptive Hypermedia and Adaptive Web-Based Systems, 4th International Conference, AH 2006, Dublin, Ireland, June 21-23, 2006, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4018, pp. 409-413, ISBN 3-540-34696-1. Springer, New York (2006a) (Pubitemid 44077647)
25. Carmagnola, F., Cena, F.: An approach for evaluating user model data in an interoperability scenario. In: Proceedings of European Starting AI Researcher Symposium, STAIRS, August 28-29 2006, pp. 251-252, ISBN 1-58603-645-9. IOS press, Riva del Garda (TN), Italy (2006b)
26. Carmagnola, F., Cena, F.: User identification for cross-system personalisation. Inf. Sci. 179(1-2), 16-32 (2009)
27. Carmagnola, F., Dimitrova, V.: An evidence-based approach to handle semantic heterogeneity in interoperable distributed user models. In: Nejdl, W., Kay, J., Pu, P., Herder, E. (eds.) Adaptive Hypermedia and AdaptiveWeb-Based Systems, 5th International Conference, AH 2008, Hannover, Germany, July 29-August 1, 2008. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5149, pp. 73-82, ISBN 978-3-540-70984-8 (2008)
28. Carmagnola, F., Cena, F., Console, L., Cortassa, O., Gena, C., Goy, A., Torre, I., Toso, A., Vernero, F.: Tag-based user modeling for social multi-device adaptive guides. User Model. User-Adap. Inter. 18(5), 497-538 (2008)
29. Cena, F.: The role of semantic dialogue for adaptation in ubiquitous environment. PhD Thesis, Department of Computer Science, Torino, Italy, March (2007)
30. Cena, F., Furnari, R.: A model for feature-based user model interoperability on the web. In: Kuflik, T., Berkovsky, S., Carmagnola, F., Heckmann, D., Krüger, A. (eds.) Advances in Ubiquitous User Modelling, Revised Selected Papers. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5830, pp. 37-54. ISBN 978-3-642-05038-1. Springer, New York (2009)
31. Chepegin, V.I., Aroyo, L., Bra, P.D.: Discovery service for user models in a multi-application context. In: ICALT, pp. 956-957, ISBN 0-7695-2338-2. IEEE Computer Society, Washington (2005) (Pubitemid 44459566)
32. Cramer, H.S.M., Evers, V., Ramlal, S., Someren, M.van , Rutledge, L., Stash, N., Aroyo, L., Wielinga, B.J.: The effects of transparency on trust in and acceptance of a content-based art recommender. User Model. User-Adap. Inter. 18(5), 455-496 (2008)
33. Cranor, L.F.: 'I didn't buy it formyself' privacy and ecommerce personalization. In:WPES '03: Proceedings of the 2003 ACM workshop on privacy in the electronic society, pp. 111-117, ISBN 1-58113-776-1. ACM, New York (2003)
34. Doan, A., Madhavan, J., Dhamankar, R., Domingos, P., Halevy, A.: Learning to match ontologies on the semantic web. VLDB J. 12, 303-319 (2003). ISSN 1066-8888 (Pubitemid 37503689)
35. Dolog, P.: Identifying relevant fragments of learner profile on the semantic web. In: Workshop on Applications of Semantic Web Technologies for E-learning-SW-EL'04 at ISWC 2004, Hiroshima, Japan (2004)
36. Dolog, P., Schäfer,M.: A framework for browsing, manipulating and maintaining interoperable learner profiles. In: Ardissono, L., Brna, P., Mitrovic, A. (eds.) User Modeling 2005, 10th International Conference, UM2005, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, July 24-29, 2005, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 3538, pp. 397-401, ISBN 3-540-27885-0. Springer, New York (2005a)
37. Dolog, P., Schäfer, M.: Learner modeling on the semantic web. In: PerSWeb-2005Workshop: Personalization on the Semantic Web 2005: 10th International Conference, UM05, Edinburgh, Scotland (2005b)
38. Dolog, P., Vassileva, J.: Decentralized, agent based and social approaches to user modelling. In:Workshop DASUM-05, at the 9th International Conference on User Modeling (UM'05),August 2005, Edinburgh, Scotland (2005)
39. Edwards, W.: Discovery systems in ubiquitous computing. Pervas. Comput. IEEE 5, 70-77 (2006)
40. Fink, J.: User Modeling Servers-Requirements, Design and Evaluation. PhD Thesis, University of Duisburg-Essen (2003)
41. Fink, J., Kobsa, A.: A review and analysis of commercial user modeling servers for personalization on the World Wide Web. User Model. User-Adap. Inter. 10(2-3), 209-249 (2000) (Pubitemid 32138189)
42. FIPA: Directory Facilitator and Service Discovery Agent. http://www.fipa.org/docs/input/f-in-00070/f-in-00070.pdf (2002)
43. Guttman, E.: Discovery systems in ubiquitous computing. IEEE Pervas. Comput. 5(2), 70-77 (2006)
44. Heckmann, D.: Ubiquitous User Modeling. PhD Thesis, Department of Computer Science Saarbrucken, Saarland University (2005)
45. Heckmann, D., Krüger, A.: A user modeling markup language (UserML) for ubiquitous computing. In: Brusilovsky, P., Corbett, A.T., de Rosis, F. (eds.) User Modeling 2003, 9th International Conference, UM 2003, Johnstown, PA, USA, June 22-26, 2003, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2702, pp. 393-397, ISBN 3-540-40381-7. Springer, New York (2003) (Pubitemid 36768594)
46. Heckmann, D., Schwartz, T., Brandherm, B., Kröner, A.: Decentralized user modeling with UserML and GUMO. In:Dolog, P.,Vassileva, J. (eds.) Proceedings of theWorkshop on Decentralized,Agent Based and Social Approaches to User Modeling, DASUM-05, at UM2005, July, Edinburgh, Scotland, pp. 61-66 (2005a)
47. Heckmann, D., Schwartz, T., Brandherm, B., Schmitz, M., vonWilamowitz-Moellendorff,M.: Gumo-the general user model ontology. In: Ardissono, L., Brna, P., Mitrovic, A. (eds.) User Modeling 2005, 10th International Conference, UM 2005, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, July 24-29, 2005, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 3538, pp. 428-432, ISBN 3-540-27885-0. Springer, New York (2005b)
48. Howes, T., Smith, M., Good, G.: Understanding and Deploying LDAP Directory Services. Indianapolis, USA (1999)
49. Kadane, J., Schum, D.: A Probabilistic Analysis of the Sacco and Vanzetti Evidence, ISBN 0471141828. John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken (1996)
50. Kay, J.:Theumtoolkit for reusable, long term usermodels. In: User Modelling and User-adapted Interaction, vol. 4, pp. 149-196 (1995)
51. Kay, J.: Accretion representation for scrutable student modelling. In: Intelligent Tutoring Systems, vol. 1839, pp. 514-523 (2000)
52. Kay, J.: Scrutable adaptation: because we can and must. In: Wade, V.P., Ashman, H., Smyth, B. (eds.) Adaptive Hypermedia and Adaptive Web-Based Systems, 4th International Conference, AH 2006, Dublin, Ireland, June 21-23, 2006, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4018, pp. 11-19, ISBN 3-540-34696-1. Springer, New York (2006) (Pubitemid 44081530)
53. Kay, J.: Lifelong learner modeling for lifelong personalized pervasive learning. IEEE Trans. Learn. Technol. 1(4), 215-228 (2008)
54. Kay, J., Kummerfeld, B.: Scrutability, user control and privacy for distributed personalization. In: Proceedings of Workshop on Privacy-Enhanced Personalization, at the International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Québec, Canada, April (2006)
55. Kay, J., Kummerfeld, B.: Lifelong user modelling goals, issues and challenges. In: Proceedings of the Lifelong User Modelling Workshop, at UMAP'09 User Modeling Adaptation, and Personalization, Trento, Italy (2009)
56. Kay, J., Kummerfeld, B., Lauder, P.: Personis: a server for user models. In: Bra, P.D., Brusilovsky, P., Conejo, R. (eds.) AH. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2347, pp. 203-212, ISBN 3-540-43737-1. Springer, New York (2002)
57. Kobsa, A.: Generic user modeling systems. User Model. User-Adap. Inter. 11, 49-63 (2001) (Pubitemid 32409024)
58. Kobsa, A.: Privacy-enhanced web personalization. In: Brusilovsky, P., Kobsa, A., Nejdl, W. (eds.) The Adaptive Web, Methods and Strategies of Web Personalization. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4321, pp. 628-670, ISBN 978-3-540-72078-2. Springer, New York (2007a) (Pubitemid 351189213)
59. Kobsa, A.: Generic user modeling systems. In: Brusilovsky, P., Kobsa, A., Nejdl, W. (eds.) The Adaptive Web, Methods and Strategies ofWeb Personalization. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4321, pp. 136-154, ISBN 978-3-540-72078-2. Springer, New York (2007b) (Pubitemid 351189196)
60. Kobsa, A., Fink, J.: An ldap-based user modeling server and its evaluation. User Model. User-Adap. Inter. 16(2), 129-169 (2006) (Pubitemid 44218597)
61. Kobsa, A., Pohl, W.: The user modeling shell system BGP-MS. User Model. User-Adap. Inter. 4(2), 59-106 (1995)
62. Kobsa, A., Schreck, J.: Privacy through pseudonymity in user-adaptive systems. ACMTrans. Internet Technol. 3(2), 149-183 (2003)
63. Kobsa, A., Koenemann, J., Pohl, W.: Personalized hypermedia presentation techniques for improving online customer relationship. Knowl. Eng. Rev. 16(2), 111-155 (2001)
64. Konstan, J.A., Miller, B.N., Maltz, D., Herlocker, J.L., Gordon, L.R., Riedl, J.: Grouplens: applying collaborative filtering to usenet news. Commun. ACM 40(3), 77-87 (1997) (Pubitemid 127441134)
65. Kyriacou, D.: Enriching lifelong user modelling with the social e-networking and e-commerce "pieces of the puzzle". In: First and Seventeenth International Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation, and Personalization (UMAP2009)-Doctoral Consortium, Trento, Italy, pp. 428-434 (2009)
66. LaRose, R., Rifon, N.J., Lee, A.: Promoting I-safety: effects of privacy warning boxes and privacy seals on risk assessment and online privacy behaviors. In: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Mobile systems, applications, and services, June 2004, Boston, Massachusetts, pp. 177-189 (2004)
67. LIP.: Lip, Learner Information Package, Version 1.0.1. http://www.imsglobal.org/profiles/index.html (2005)
68. Lorenz, A.: Agent-based ubiquitous user modeling. In: Ardissono, L., Brna, P., Mitrovic, A. (eds.) User Modeling 2005, 10th International Conference, UM 2005, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, July 24-29, 2005, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 3538, pp. 512-514. ISBN 3-540-27885-0. Springer, New York (2005)
69. Machado, I., Martins, A., Paiva, A.: One for all and all in one: a learner modelling server in a multiagent platform. In: UM '99: Proceedings of the seventh international conference on User modeling, Secaucus, NJ, USA, pp. 211-221, ISBN 3-211-83151-7. Springer New York (1999)
70. Martin, D., Burstein, M., Mcdermott, D., Mcilraith, S., Paolucci, M., Sycara, K., Mcguinness, D.L., Sirin, E., Srinivasan, N.: Bringing semantics to web services with OWL-S, September 2007. In: World Wide Web, vol. 10, pp. 243-277, ISSN 1386-145X (2007) (Pubitemid 47235911)
71. McCalla, G., Vassileva, J., Greer, J., Bull, S.: Active learner modelling. In: Intelligent Tutoring Systems, pp. 53-62 (2000)
72. Mehta, B.: Learning from what others know: privacy preserving cross system personalization. In: Conati, C., McCoy, K.F., Paliouras, G. (eds.) User Modeling 2007, 11th International Conference, UM 2007, Corfu, Greece, June 25-29, 2007, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4511, pp. 57-66, ISBN 978-3-540-73077-4. Springer, New York (2007) (Pubitemid 350270968)
73. Mehta, B.: Cross System Personalization: Enabling Personalization AcrossMultiple Systems. PhD Thesis, Department of Computer Science, Univesity of Duisberg, Germany (2008)
74. Mehta, B., Niederée, C., Stewart, A., Degemmis, M., Lops, P., Semeraro, G.: Ontologically-enriched unified user modeling for cross-system personalization. In: Ardissono, L., Brna, P., Mitrovic, A. (eds.) User Modeling 2005, 10th International Conference,UM2005, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK, July 24-29, 2005, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 3538, pp. 119-123, ISBN 3-540-27885-0, Springer, New York (2005)
75. Musa, D.L., Oliveira, J.P.M.de : Sharing learner information through a web services-based learning architecture. J. Web Eng. 4(3), 263-278 (2005)
76. Niu, X., McCalla, G.I., Vassileva, J.: Purpose-based user modelling in a multi-agent portfolio management system. In: Brusilovsky, P., Corbett, A.T., de Rosis, F. (eds.) User Modeling 2003, 9th International Conference, UM 2003, Johnstown, PA, USA, June 22-26, 2003, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2702, pp. 398-402, ISBN 3-540-40381-7. Springer, New York (2003) (Pubitemid 36768595)
77. Niu, X., McCalla, G.I., Vassileva, J.: Purpose-based expert finding in a portfolio management system. Comput. Intell. J. 20(4), 548-561 (2004)
78. OPENID.: Openid Initiative. http://openid.net/foundation/ (2007)
79. OReilly, T.: What is Web 2.0. Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software. http://www.oreillynet.com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/ 2005/09/30/what-is-web-20.html (2005)
80. Orwant, J.: Heterogeneous learning in the doppelgänger user modeling system. User Model. User-Adap. Inter. 4(2), 107-130 (1995)
81. Paiva, A., Self, J.A.: Tagus-a user and leamer modeling workbench. User Model. User-Adap. Inter. 4(3), 197-226 (1995)
82. PAPI: Papi Specification, Public and Private Information. http://ltsc.ieee.org/wg2 (2003)
83. Ram, S., Park, J.: Semantic conflict resolution ontology (scrol): An ontology for detecting and resolving data and schema-level semantic conflicts. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 16(2), 189-202 (2004)
84. RIF: Rif Working Group. http://www.w3.org/2005/rules/ (2005)
85. RuleML: The Rule Markup Initiative. http://www.ruleml.org/ (2004)
86. Schreck, J.: Security and Privacy in User Modeling. PhD Thesis, Dordrecht, Netherlands, http://www.security-and-privacy-in-user-modeling.info (2003)
87. Sheikh, E., Sticklen, J.: Generating intelligent tutoring systems from reusable components and knowledgebased systems. In: ITS '02: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems, pp. 199-207, ISBN 3-540-43750-9. Springer, London, UK (2002)
88. SKOS: SKOS-Simple Knowledge Organization System. http://www.w3.org/2004/ 02/skos/ (2004)
89. Sluijs, K.van der , Houben, G.-J.: A generic component for exchanging user models between web-based systems. Int. J. Contin. Eng. Educ. Life-Long Learn. 16(1-2), 64-76 (2006)
90. Sosnovsky, S.A., Brusilovsky, P., Yudelson, M., Mitrovic, A., Mathews, M., Kumar, A.N.: Semantic integration of adaptive educational systems. In: Kuflik, T., Berkovsky, S., Carmagnola, F., Heckmann, D., Krüger, A. (eds.) Advances in Ubiquitous User Modelling, Revised Selected Papers. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5830, pp. 134-158, ISBN 978-3-642-05038-1. Springer, New York (2009)
91. Staab, S., Stuckenschmidt, H.: Semantic Web and Peer-to-Peer Decentralized Management and Exchange of Knowledge and Information, ISBN 978-3-540-28346-1. Springer, Berlin (2006)
92. Stewart, C., Cristea, A., Celik, I., Ashman, E.: Interoperability between aeh user models. In: Proceedings of International workshop on Adaptivity, personalization and the semantic web, in Conference on Hypertext and Hypermedia, pp. 21-30, ISBN 1-59593-453-7. ACM Press, New York (2006) (Pubitemid 46645475)
93. SWRL: SWRL: A semantic web rule language combining owl and ruleml. http://www.w3.org/Submission/SWRL/ (2004)
94. Trella, M., Conejo, R., Guzmán, E., Bueno, D.: An educational component based framework for web its development. In: Lovelle, J.M.C., Rodríguez, B.M.G., Aguilar, L.J., Gayo, J.E.L., del Puerto Paule Ruíz, M. (eds.) ICWE. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2722, pp. 134-143, ISBN 3-540-40522-4. Springer, New York (2003)
95. UDDI: UDDI Spec TC. http://uddi.org/pubs/uddi-v3.0.2-20041019.htm (2004)
96. Van Setten, M., Brussee, R., van Vliet, H., Gazendam, L., van Houten, Y., Veenstra, M.: On the importance of "who tagged what". In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Social Navigation and Community based Adaptation Technologies at AH 2006, the 4th International Conference on Adaptive Hypermedia and Adaptive Web-Based Systems, Dublin, Ireland, pp. 552-561 (2006)
97. Vassileva, J.: Distributed user modelling for universal information access. In: Stephanidis, C. (ed.) Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction, pp. 122-126, ISBN 0-8058-3609-8. Lawrence Erlbaum, NJ (2001)
98. W3C: Wsdl-web service description language. http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl (2001)
99. Wahlster, W., Kobsa, A.: User models in dialog systems. In: User Models in Dialog Systems, pp. 4-34. Springer, New York (1989)
100. Wang, Y., Kobsa, A.: Respecting users' individual privacy constraints in web personalization. In: Conati, C., McCoy, K.F., Paliouras, G. (eds.) User Modeling 2007, 11th International Conference, UM 2007, Corfu, Greece, June 25-29, 2007, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4511, pages 157-166. ISBN 978-3-540-73077-4. Springer, New York (2007) (Pubitemid 350270978)
101. Wang, Y., Cena, F., Carmagnola, F., Cortassa, O., Gena, C., Stash, N., Aroyo, L.: Rss-based interoperability for user adaptive systems. In: Nejdl, W., Kay, J., Pu, P., Herder, E. (eds.) Adaptive Hypermedia and AdaptiveWeb-Based Systems, 5th International Conference, AH 2008, Hannover, Germany, July 29-August 1, 2008. Proceedings, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 5149, pp. 353-356, ISBN 978-3-540-70984-8. Springer, New York (2008)
102. Wegner, P.: Interoperability. Comput. Surv. (CSUR) 28, 285-287 (1996) (Pubitemid 126499080)
103. Weiser, M.: The future of ubiquitous computing on campus. Commun. ACM 41(1), 41-42 (1998)
104. Wörndl, W., Koch, M.: Privacy in distributed user profile management. In: WWW (Posters). http://www2003.org/cdrom/papers/poster/p020/p20- woerndl.htm (2003)
105. Yimam-Seid, D., Kobsa, A.: Expert finding systems for organizations: problem and domain analysis and the demoir approach. J. Org. Comput. Electron. Commer. 13(1), 1-24 (2003) (Pubitemid 37073353)
106. Yudelson, M., Brusilovsky, P., Zadorozhny, V.: A user modeling server for contemporary adaptive hypermedia: An evaluation of the push approach to evidence propagation. In: Conati, C., McCoy, K.F., Paliouras, G. (eds.) User Modeling 2007, 11th International Conference, UM 2007, Corfu, Greece, June 25-29, 2007, Proceedings. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4511, pp. 27-36, ISBN 978-3-540-73077-4. Springer, New York (2007) (Pubitemid 350270966)
107. Zhang, F., Song, Z., Zhang, H.:Web service based architecture and ontology based usermodel for cross-system personalization. In: WI '06: Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence, pp. 849-852, ISBN 0769527477. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA (2006)