메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 165, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 189-207

Premature adrenarche: Novel lessons from early onset androgen excess

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

3ALPHA(OR 20BETA) HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE; PRASTERONE; PRASTERONE SULFATE; ANDROGEN; GONADORELIN DERIVATIVE;

EID: 79960188174     PISSN: 08044643     EISSN: 1479683X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1530/EJE-11-0223     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (101)

References (158)
  • 1
    • 0018073212 scopus 로고
    • Adrenarche: A survey of rodents, domestic animals, and primates
    • doi:10.1210/endo-103-6-2112
    • Cutler GB Jr, Glenn M, Bush M, Hodgen GD, Graham CE & Loriaux DL. Adrenarche: a survey of rodents, domestic animals, and primates. Endocrinology 1978 103 2112-2118. (doi:10.1210/endo-103-6-2112)
    • (1978) Endocrinology , vol.103 , pp. 2112-2118
    • Cutler Jr., G.B.1    Glenn, M.2    Bush, M.3    Hodgen, G.D.4    Graham, C.E.5    Loriaux, D.L.6
  • 2
    • 0020186781 scopus 로고
    • Further studies on adrenarche in nonhuman primates
    • doi:10.1210/endo-111-3-844
    • Smail PJ, Faiman C, Hobson WC, Fuller GB & Winter JS. Further studies on adrenarche in nonhuman primates. Endocrinology 1982 111 844-848. (doi:10.1210/endo-111-3-844)
    • (1982) Endocrinology , vol.111 , pp. 844-848
    • Smail, P.J.1    Faiman, C.2    Hobson, W.C.3    Fuller, G.B.4    Winter, J.S.5
  • 3
    • 11144232802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations in adrenal androgen production among (nonhuman) primates
    • doi:10.1055/s-2004-861548
    • Conley AJ, Pattison JC & Bird IM. Variations in adrenal androgen production among (nonhuman) primates. Seminars in Reproductive Medicine 2004 22 311-326. (doi:10.1055/s-2004-861548)
    • (2004) Seminars in Reproductive Medicine , vol.22 , pp. 311-326
    • Conley, A.J.1    Pattison, J.C.2    Bird, I.M.3
  • 4
    • 0036893558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular evolution of adrenarche: Structural and functional analysis of p450c17 from four primate species
    • doi:10.1210/en.2002-220456
    • Arlt W, Martens J, Song M, Wang J, Auchus R & Miller W. Molecular evolution of adrenarche: structural and functional analysis of p450c17 from four primate species. Endocrinology 2002 143 4665-4672. (doi:10.1210/en.2002-220456)
    • (2002) Endocrinology , vol.143 , pp. 4665-4672
    • Arlt, W.1    Martens, J.2    Song, M.3    Wang, J.4    Auchus, R.5    Miller, W.6
  • 5
    • 1542359478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adrenarche - Physiology, biochemistry and human disease
    • doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2003.01858.x
    • Auchus R & Rainey W. Adrenarche - physiology, biochemistry and human disease. Clinical Endocrinology 2004 60 288-296. (doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2003. 01858.x)
    • (2004) Clinical Endocrinology , vol.60 , pp. 288-296
    • Auchus, R.1    Rainey, W.2
  • 6
    • 0001358982 scopus 로고
    • A syndrome characterized by primary ovarian insufficiency and decreased stature: A report of 11 cases with digression on hormonal control of axillary and pubic hair
    • doi:10.1097/00000441-194211000-00001
    • Albright F, Smith PH & Fraser R. A syndrome characterized by primary ovarian insufficiency and decreased stature: a report of 11 cases with digression on hormonal control of axillary and pubic hair. American Journal of the Medical Sciences 1942 204 625. (doi:10.1097/00000441-194211000-00001)
    • (1942) American Journal of the Medical Sciences , vol.204 , pp. 625
    • Albright, F.1    Smith, P.H.2    Fraser, R.3
  • 9
    • 0000255618 scopus 로고
    • Precocious growth of sexual hair without other secondary sexual development; premature pubarche, a constitutional variation of adolescence
    • Silverman SH, Migeon C, Rosemberg E & Wilkins L. Precocious growth of sexual hair without other secondary sexual development; premature pubarche, a constitutional variation of adolescence. Pediatrics 1952 10 426-432.
    • (1952) Pediatrics , vol.10 , pp. 426-432
    • Silverman, S.H.1    Migeon, C.2    Rosemberg, E.3    Wilkins, L.4
  • 10
    • 45549084991 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Juvenility in the context of life history theory
    • doi:10.1136/adc.2008.137570
    • Hochberg Z. Juvenility in the context of life history theory. Archives of Disease in Childhood 2008 93 534-539. (doi:10.1136/adc.2008.137570)
    • (2008) Archives of Disease in Childhood , vol.93 , pp. 534-539
    • Hochberg, Z.1
  • 11
    • 77952294672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evo-devo of child growth III: Premature juvenility as an evolutionary trade-off
    • doi:10.1159/000282109
    • Hochberg Z. Evo-devo of child growth III: premature juvenility as an evolutionary trade-off. Hormone Research in Pediatrics 2010 73 430-437. (doi:10.1159/000282109)
    • (2010) Hormone Research in Pediatrics , vol.73 , pp. 430-437
    • Hochberg, Z.1
  • 12
    • 78650080409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adrenarche in comparative perspective
    • doi:10.1002/ajhb.21111
    • Campbell B. Adrenarche in comparative perspective. American Journal of Human Biology 2011 23 44-52. (doi:10.1002/ajhb.21111)
    • (2011) American Journal of Human Biology , vol.23 , pp. 44-52
    • Campbell, B.1
  • 13
    • 0017201426 scopus 로고
    • Unconjugated dehydroepiandrosterone plasma levels in normal subjects from birth to adolescence in human: The use of a sensitive radioimmunoassay
    • doi:10.1210/jcem-43-5-982
    • de Peretti E & Forest MG. Unconjugated dehydroepiandrosterone plasma levels in normal subjects from birth to adolescence in human: the use of a sensitive radioimmunoassay. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1976 43 982-991. (doi:10.1210/jcem-43-5-982)
    • (1976) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.43 , pp. 982-991
    • De Peretti, E.1    Forest, M.G.2
  • 14
    • 0018176149 scopus 로고
    • Pattern of plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels in humans from birth to adulthood: Evidence for testicular production
    • doi:10.1210/jcem-47-3-572
    • de Peretti E & Forest MG. Pattern of plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels in humans from birth to adulthood: evidence for testicular production. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1978 47 572-577. (doi:10.1210/jcem-47-3-572)
    • (1978) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.47 , pp. 572-577
    • De Peretti, E.1    Forest, M.G.2
  • 15
    • 0016814045 scopus 로고
    • Hormonal changes in puberty III: Correlation of plasma dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, FSH, and LH with stages of puberty and bone age in normal boys and girls and in patients with Addison's disease or hypogonadism or with premature or late adrenarche
    • doi:10.1210/jcem-41-5-894
    • Sizonenko PC & Paunier L. Hormonal changes in puberty III: correlation of plasma dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, FSH, and LH with stages of puberty and bone age in normal boys and girls and in patients with Addison's disease or hypogonadism or with premature or late adrenarche. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1975 41 894-904. (doi:10.1210/jcem-41- 5-894)
    • (1975) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.41 , pp. 894-904
    • Sizonenko, P.C.1    Paunier, L.2
  • 16
    • 0017239621 scopus 로고
    • Serum androgens in normal prepubertal and pubertal children and in children with precocious adrenarche
    • doi:10.1210/jcem-42-1-117
    • Korth-Schutz S, Levine LS & New MI. Serum androgens in normal prepubertal and pubertal children and in children with precocious adrenarche. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1976 42 117-124. (doi:10.1210/jcem-42-1-117)
    • (1976) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.42 , pp. 117-124
    • Korth-Schutz, S.1    Levine, L.S.2    New, M.I.3
  • 17
    • 17844368603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urinary markers of adrenarche: Reference values in healthy subjects, aged 3-18 years
    • doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1571
    • Remer T, Boye KR, Hartmann MF & Wudy SA. Urinary markers of adrenarche: reference values in healthy subjects, aged 3-18 years. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2005 90 2015-2021. (doi:10.1210/jc.2004- 1571)
    • (2005) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.90 , pp. 2015-2021
    • Remer, T.1    Boye, K.R.2    Hartmann, M.F.3    Wudy, S.A.4
  • 18
    • 0014524644 scopus 로고
    • Variations in pattern of pubertal changes in girls
    • doi:10.1136/adc.44.235.291
    • Marshall WA & Tanner JM. Variations in pattern of pubertal changes in girls. Archives of Disease in Childhood 1969 44 291-303. (doi:10.1136/adc.44. 235.291)
    • (1969) Archives of Disease in Childhood , vol.44 , pp. 291-303
    • Marshall, W.A.1    Tanner, J.M.2
  • 19
    • 0014736650 scopus 로고
    • Variations in the pattern of pubertal changes in boys
    • doi:10.1136/adc.45.239.13
    • Marshall WA & Tanner JM. Variations in the pattern of pubertal changes in boys. Archives of Disease in Childhood 1970 45 13-23. (doi:10.1136/adc.45.239.13)
    • (1970) Archives of Disease in Childhood , vol.45 , pp. 13-23
    • Marshall, W.A.1    Tanner, J.M.2
  • 22
    • 59749095571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prepubertal healthy children's urinary androstenediol predicts diaphyseal bone strength in late puberty
    • doi:10.1210/jc.2008-1375
    • Remer T, Manz F, Hartmann MF, Schoenau E & Wudy SA. Prepubertal healthy children's urinary androstenediol predicts diaphyseal bone strength in late puberty. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2009 94 575-578. (doi:10.1210/jc.2008-1375)
    • (2009) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.94 , pp. 575-578
    • Remer, T.1    Manz, F.2    Hartmann, M.F.3    Schoenau, E.4    Wudy, S.A.5
  • 23
    • 0020635997 scopus 로고
    • Benign premature adrenarche: Clinical features and serum steroid levels
    • doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1983.tb09798.x
    • Voutilainen R, Perheentupa J & Apter D. Benign premature adrenarche: clinical features and serum steroid levels. Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica 1983 72 707-711. (doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1983.tb09798.x)
    • (1983) Acta Paediatrica Scandinavica , vol.72 , pp. 707-711
    • Voutilainen, R.1    Perheentupa, J.2    Apter, D.3
  • 25
    • 0018953627 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for dissociation between adrenarche and gonadarche: Studies in patients with idiopathic precocious puberty, gonadal dysgenesis, isolated gonadotropin deficiency, and constitutionally delayed growth and adolescence
    • doi:10.1210/jcem-51-3-548
    • Sklar CA, Kaplan SL & Grumbach MM. Evidence for dissociation between adrenarche and gonadarche: studies in patients with idiopathic precocious puberty, gonadal dysgenesis, isolated gonadotropin deficiency, and constitutionally delayed growth and adolescence. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1980 51 548-556. (doi:10.1210/jcem-51-3-548)
    • (1980) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.51 , pp. 548-556
    • Sklar, C.A.1    Kaplan, S.L.2    Grumbach, M.M.3
  • 27
    • 1642342960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The early dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate rise of adrenarche and the delay of pubarche indicate primary ovarian failure in Turner syndrome
    • doi:10.1210/jc.2003-031700
    • Martin DD, Schweizer R, Schwarze CP, Elmlinger MW, Ranke MB & Binder G. The early dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate rise of adrenarche and the delay of pubarche indicate primary ovarian failure in Turner syndrome. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2004 89 1164-1168. (doi:10.1210/jc.2003- 031700)
    • (2004) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.89 , pp. 1164-1168
    • Martin, D.D.1    Schweizer, R.2    Schwarze, C.P.3    Elmlinger, M.W.4    Ranke, M.B.5    Binder, G.6
  • 28
    • 13544266418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of serum androgen levels in women with premature ovarian failure
    • doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.09.015
    • Benetti-Pinto CL, Bedone AJ & Magna LA. Evaluation of serum androgen levels in women with premature ovarian failure. Fertility and Sterility 2005 83 508-510. (doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.09.015)
    • (2005) Fertility and Sterility , vol.83 , pp. 508-510
    • Benetti-Pinto, C.L.1    Bedone, A.J.2    Magna, L.A.3
  • 29
    • 28744434744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A pilot study of an investigational testosterone transdermal patch system in young women with spontaneous premature ovarian failure
    • doi:10.1210/jc.2005-0692
    • Kalantaridou SN, Calis KA, Mazer NA, Godoy H & Nelson LM. A pilot study of an investigational testosterone transdermal patch system in young women with spontaneous premature ovarian failure. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2005 90 6549-6552. (doi:10.1210/jc.2005-0692)
    • (2005) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.90 , pp. 6549-6552
    • Kalantaridou, S.N.1    Calis, K.A.2    Mazer, N.A.3    Godoy, H.4    Nelson, L.M.5
  • 30
    • 32844463502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Androgen therapy in women
    • doi:10.1530/eje.1.02062
    • Arlt W. Androgen therapy in women. European Journal of Endocrinology 2006 154 1-11. (doi:10.1530/eje.1.02062)
    • (2006) European Journal of Endocrinology , vol.154 , pp. 1-11
    • Arlt, W.1
  • 33
    • 0019066328 scopus 로고
    • Control of adrenal androgen secretion
    • doi:10.1210/edrv-1-4-392
    • Parker LN & Odell WD. Control of adrenal androgen secretion. Endocrine Reviews 1980 1 392-410. (doi:10.1210/edrv-1-4-392)
    • (1980) Endocrine Reviews , vol.1 , pp. 392-410
    • Parker, L.N.1    Odell, W.D.2
  • 34
    • 0025970309 scopus 로고
    • Human proopiomelanocortin-(79-96), a proposed androgen stimulatory hormone, does not affect steroidogenesis in cultured human fetal adrenal cells
    • doi:10.1210/jcem-72-1-19
    • Mellon SH, Shively JE & Miller WL. Human proopiomelanocortin-(79-96), a proposed androgen stimulatory hormone, does not affect steroidogenesis in cultured human fetal adrenal cells. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1991 72 19-22. (doi:10.1210/jcem-72-1-19)
    • (1991) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.72 , pp. 19-22
    • Mellon, S.H.1    Shively, J.E.2    Miller, W.L.3
  • 35
    • 0030996897 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diminished adrenal androgen secretion in familial glucocorticoid deficiency implicates a significant role for ACTH in the induction of adrenarche
    • doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.1997.1580969.x
    • Weber A, Clark AJ, Perry LA, Honour JW & Savage MO. Diminished adrenal androgen secretion in familial glucocorticoid deficiency implicates a significant role for ACTH in the induction of adrenarche. Clinical Endocrinology 1997 46 431-437. (doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.1997.1580969.x)
    • (1997) Clinical Endocrinology , vol.46 , pp. 431-437
    • Weber, A.1    Clark, A.J.2    Perry, L.A.3    Honour, J.W.4    Savage, M.O.5
  • 36
    • 27844525511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Absent or delayed adrenarche in Pit-1/POU1F1 deficiency
    • doi:10.1159/000088793
    • Taha D, Mullis PE, Ibáñez L & De Zegher F. Absent or delayed adrenarche in Pit-1/POU1F1 deficiency. Hormone Research 2005 64 175-179. (doi:10.1159/000088793)
    • (2005) Hormone Research , vol.64 , pp. 175-179
    • Taha, D.1    Mullis, P.E.2    Ibáñez, L.3    De Zegher, F.4
  • 37
    • 41349101611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ACTH receptor promoter polymorphism associates with severity of premature adrenarche and modulates hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in children
    • doi:10.1203/PDR.0b013e3181659c14
    • Lappalainen S, Utriainen P, Kuulasmaa T, Voutilainen R & Jääskeläinen J. ACTH receptor promoter polymorphism associates with severity of premature adrenarche and modulates hypothalamo-pituitary- adrenal axis in children. Pediatric Research 2008 63 410-414. (doi:10.1203/PDR.0b013e3181659c14)
    • (2008) Pediatric Research , vol.63 , pp. 410-414
    • Lappalainen, S.1    Utriainen, P.2    Kuulasmaa, T.3    Voutilainen, R.4    Jääskeläinen, J.5
  • 40
    • 77954513312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prepubertal adrenarchal androgens and animal protein intake independently and differentially influence pubertal timing
    • doi:10.1210/jc.2009-2583
    • Remer T, Shi L, Buyken AE, Maser-Gluth C, Hartmann MF & Wudy SA. Prepubertal adrenarchal androgens and animal protein intake independently and differentially influence pubertal timing. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2010 95 3002-3009. (doi:10.1210/jc.2009-2583)
    • (2010) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.95 , pp. 3002-3009
    • Remer, T.1    Shi, L.2    Buyken, A.E.3    Maser-Gluth, C.4    Hartmann, M.F.5    Wudy, S.A.6
  • 41
    • 2142653123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adrenarche and bone modeling and remodeling at the proximal radius: Weak androgens make stronger cortical bone in healthy children
    • doi:10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.8.1539
    • Remer T, Boye KR, Hartmann M, Neu CM, Schoenau E, Manz F & Wudy SA. Adrenarche and bone modeling and remodeling at the proximal radius: weak androgens make stronger cortical bone in healthy children. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 2003 18 1539-1546. (doi:10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.8.1539)
    • (2003) Journal of Bone and Mineral Research , vol.18 , pp. 1539-1546
    • Remer, T.1    Boye, K.R.2    Hartmann, M.3    Neu, C.M.4    Schoenau, E.5    Manz, F.6    Wudy, S.A.7
  • 42
    • 0036227476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations between body mass, leptin, IGF-I and circulating adrenal androgens in children with obesity and premature adrenarche
    • doi:10.1530/eje.0.1460537
    • l'Allemand D, Schmidt S, Rousson V, Brabant G, Gasser T & Gruters A. Associations between body mass, leptin, IGF-I and circulating adrenal androgens in children with obesity and premature adrenarche. European Journal of Endocrinology 2002 146 537-543. (doi:10.1530/eje.0.1460537)
    • (2002) European Journal of Endocrinology , vol.146 , pp. 537-543
    • L'Allemand, D.1    Schmidt, S.2    Rousson, V.3    Brabant, G.4    Gasser, T.5    Gruters, A.6
  • 44
    • 0022573478 scopus 로고
    • Premature adrenarche. Clinical and diagnostic features
    • doi:10.1177/000992288602500105
    • Kaplowitz PB, Cockrell JL & Young RB. Premature adrenarche. Clinical and diagnostic features. Clinical Pediatrics 1986 25 28-34. (doi:10.1177/ 000992288602500105)
    • (1986) Clinical Pediatrics , vol.25 , pp. 28-34
    • Kaplowitz, P.B.1    Cockrell, J.L.2    Young, R.B.3
  • 48
    • 3142747853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anthropometric and endocrine features in girls with isolated premature pubarche or non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia
    • doi:10.1515/JPEM.2004.17.5.767
    • Accetta SG, Di Domênico K, Ritter CG, Ritter AT, Capp E & Spritzer PM. Anthropometric and endocrine features in girls with isolated premature pubarche or non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism 2004 17 767-773. (doi:10.1515/JPEM. 2004.17.5.767)
    • (2004) Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism , vol.17 , pp. 767-773
    • Accetta, S.G.1    Di Domênico, K.2    Ritter, C.G.3    Ritter, A.T.4    Capp, E.5    Spritzer, P.M.6
  • 49
    • 70449104252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Body composition and bone mineral density in children with premature adrenarche and the association of LRP5 gene polymorphisms with bone mineral density
    • doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0315
    • Utriainen P, Jaaskelainen J, Saarinen A, Vanninen E, Makitie O & Voutilainen R. Body composition and bone mineral density in children with premature adrenarche and the association of LRP5 gene polymorphisms with bone mineral density. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2009 94 4144-4151. (doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0315)
    • (2009) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.94 , pp. 4144-4151
    • Utriainen, P.1    Jaaskelainen, J.2    Saarinen, A.3    Vanninen, E.4    Makitie, O.5    Voutilainen, R.6
  • 50
    • 18844463027 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormonal findings in African-American and Caribbean Hispanic girls with premature adrenarche: Implications for polycystic ovarian syndrome
    • doi:10.1542/peds.102.3.e36
    • Banerjee S, Raghavan S, Wasserman EJ, Linder BL, Saenger P & DiMartino-Nardi J. Hormonal findings in African-American and Caribbean Hispanic girls with premature adrenarche: implications for polycystic ovarian syndrome. Pediatrics 1998 102 E36. (doi:10.1542/peds.102.3.e36)
    • (1998) Pediatrics , vol.102
    • Banerjee, S.1    Raghavan, S.2    Wasserman, E.J.3    Linder, B.L.4    Saenger, P.5    DiMartino-Nardi, J.6
  • 51
    • 64549102567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuum of phenotypes and sympathoadrenal function in premature adrenarche
    • doi:10.1530/EJE-08-0367
    • Utriainen P, Voutilainen R & Jääskeläinen J. Continuum of phenotypes and sympathoadrenal function in premature adrenarche. European Journal of Endocrinology 2009 160 657-665. (doi:10.1530/EJE-08-0367)
    • (2009) European Journal of Endocrinology , vol.160 , pp. 657-665
    • Utriainen, P.1    Voutilainen, R.2    Jääskeläinen, J.3
  • 52
    • 33947530021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical review: Identifying children at risk for polycystic ovary syndrome
    • doi:10.1210/jc.2006-2012
    • Rosenfield RL. Clinical review: identifying children at risk for polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2007 92 787-796. (doi:10.1210/jc.2006-2012)
    • (2007) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.92 , pp. 787-796
    • Rosenfield, R.L.1
  • 54
    • 33646815978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exaggerated adrenarche and altered cortisol metabolism in type 1 diabetic children
    • doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2006.02.005
    • Remer T, Maser-Gluth C, Boye KR, Hartmann MF, Heinze E & Wudy SA. Exaggerated adrenarche and altered cortisol metabolism in type 1 diabetic children. Steroids 2006 71 591-598. (doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2006.02.005)
    • (2006) Steroids , vol.71 , pp. 591-598
    • Remer, T.1    Maser-Gluth, C.2    Boye, K.R.3    Hartmann, M.F.4    Heinze, E.5    Wudy, S.A.6
  • 57
    • 24144479493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Onset of breast and pubic hair development in 1231 preadolescent Lithuanian schoolgirls
    • doi:10.1136/adc.2004.057612
    • Zukauskaite S, Lasiene D, Lasas L, Urbonaite B & Hindmarsh P. Onset of breast and pubic hair development in 1231 preadolescent Lithuanian schoolgirls. Archives of Disease in Childhood 2005 90 932-936. (doi:10.1136/adc.2004.057612)
    • (2005) Archives of Disease in Childhood , vol.90 , pp. 932-936
    • Zukauskaite, S.1    Lasiene, D.2    Lasas, L.3    Urbonaite, B.4    Hindmarsh, P.5
  • 58
    • 59449088244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thelarche, pubarche, and menarche attainment in children with normal and elevated body mass index
    • doi:10.1542/peds.2008-0146
    • Rosenfield RL, Lipton RB & Drum ML. Thelarche, pubarche, and menarche attainment in children with normal and elevated body mass index. Pediatrics 2009 123 84-88. (doi:10.1542/peds.2008-0146)
    • (2009) Pediatrics , vol.123 , pp. 84-88
    • Rosenfield, R.L.1    Lipton, R.B.2    Drum, M.L.3
  • 59
    • 0031004856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Secondary sexual characteristics and menses in young girls seen in office practice: A study from the Pediatric Research in Office Settings network
    • doi:10.1542/peds.99.4.505
    • Herman-Giddens ME, Slora EJ, Wasserman RC, Bourdony CJ, Bhapkar MV, Koch GG & Hasemeier CM. Secondary sexual characteristics and menses in young girls seen in office practice: a study from the Pediatric Research in Office Settings network. Pediatrics 1997 99 505-512. (doi:10.1542/peds.99.4.505)
    • (1997) Pediatrics , vol.99 , pp. 505-512
    • Herman-Giddens, M.E.1    Slora, E.J.2    Wasserman, R.C.3    Bourdony, C.J.4    Bhapkar, M.V.5    Koch, G.G.6    Hasemeier, C.M.7
  • 60
    • 0028298190 scopus 로고
    • Normal and almost normal precocious variations in pubertal development. Premature pubarche and premature thelarche revisited
    • doi:10.1159/000183950
    • Rosenfield RL. Normal and almost normal precocious variations in pubertal development. Premature pubarche and premature thelarche revisited. Hormone Research 1994 41 (Supplement 2) 7-13. (doi:10.1159/000183950)
    • (1994) Hormone Research , vol.41 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 7-13
    • Rosenfield, R.L.1
  • 62
    • 0033329303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High incidence of molecular defects of the CYP21 gene in patients with premature adrenarche
    • doi:10.1210/jc.84.5.1570
    • Dacou-Voutetakis C & Dracopoulou M. High incidence of molecular defects of the CYP21 gene in patients with premature adrenarche. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1999 84 1570-1574. (doi:10.1210/jc.84.5. 1570)
    • (1999) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.84 , pp. 1570-1574
    • Dacou-Voutetakis, C.1    Dracopoulou, M.2
  • 64
    • 0027062958 scopus 로고
    • Adrenal steroidogenic defects in children with precocious pubarche
    • doi:10.1159/000182306
    • del Balzo P, Borrelli P, Cambiaso P, Danielli E & Cappa M. Adrenal steroidogenic defects in children with precocious pubarche. Hormone Research 1992 37 180-184. (doi:10.1159/000182306)
    • (1992) Hormone Research , vol.37 , pp. 180-184
    • Del Balzo, P.1    Borrelli, P.2    Cambiaso, P.3    Danielli, E.4    Cappa, M.5
  • 69
    • 62449188221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical spectrum of premature pubarche: Links to metabolic syndrome and ovarian hyperandrogenism
    • doi:10.1007/s11154-008-9096-y
    • Ibáñez L, Díaz R, López-Bermejo A & Marcos MV. Clinical spectrum of premature pubarche: links to metabolic syndrome and ovarian hyperandrogenism. Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders 2009 10 63-76. (doi:10.1007/s11154-008-9096-y)
    • (2009) Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders , vol.10 , pp. 63-76
    • Ibáñez, L.1    Díaz, R.2    López-Bermejo, A.3    Marcos, M.V.4
  • 70
    • 0034503112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Premature adrenarche - Normal variant or forerunner of adult disease?
    • doi:10.1210/er.21.6.671
    • Ibáñez L, Dimartino-Nardi J, Potau N & Saenger P. Premature adrenarche - normal variant or forerunner of adult disease? Endocrine Reviews 2000 21 671-696. (doi:10.1210/er.21.6.671)
    • (2000) Endocrine Reviews , vol.21 , pp. 671-696
    • Ibáñez, L.1    Dimartino-Nardi, J.2    Potau, N.3    Saenger, P.4
  • 73
    • 0033342768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anovulation after precocious pubarche: Early markers and time course in adolescence
    • doi:10.1210/jc.84.8.2691
    • Ibanez L, de Zegher F & Potau N. Anovulation after precocious pubarche: early markers and time course in adolescence. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1999 84 2691-2695. (doi:10.1210/jc.84.8.2691)
    • (1999) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.84 , pp. 2691-2695
    • Ibanez, L.1    De Zegher, F.2    Potau, N.3
  • 75
    • 0028830625 scopus 로고
    • Decreased insulin sensitivity in prepubertal girls with premature adrenarche and acanthosis nigricans
    • doi:10.1210/jc.80.2.614
    • Oppenheimer E, Linder B & DiMartino-Nardi J. Decreased insulin sensitivity in prepubertal girls with premature adrenarche and acanthosis nigricans. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1995 80 614-618. (doi:10.1210/jc.80.2.614)
    • (1995) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.80 , pp. 614-618
    • Oppenheimer, E.1    Linder, B.2    DiMartino-Nardi, J.3
  • 77
    • 0030802948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperinsulinemia and decreased insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 are common features in prepubertal and pubertal girls with a history of premature pubarche
    • doi:10.1210/jc.82.7.2283
    • Ibanez L, Potau N, Zampolli M, Rique S, Saenger P & Carrascosa A. Hyperinsulinemia and decreased insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 are common features in prepubertal and pubertal girls with a history of premature pubarche. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1997 82 2283-2288. (doi:10.1210/jc.82.7.2283)
    • (1997) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.82 , pp. 2283-2288
    • Ibanez, L.1    Potau, N.2    Zampolli, M.3    Rique, S.4    Saenger, P.5    Carrascosa, A.6
  • 78
    • 0031827641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperinsulinaemia, dyslipaemia and cardiovascular risk in girls with a history of premature pubarche
    • doi:10.1007/s001250051030
    • Ibanez L, Potau N, Chacon P, Pascual C & Carrascosa A. Hyperinsulinaemia, dyslipaemia and cardiovascular risk in girls with a history of premature pubarche. Diabetologia 1998 41 1057-1063. (doi:10.1007/ s001250051030)
    • (1998) Diabetologia , vol.41 , pp. 1057-1063
    • Ibanez, L.1    Potau, N.2    Chacon, P.3    Pascual, C.4    Carrascosa, A.5
  • 79
    • 0036152665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in girls with precocious pubarche: A premenarcheal marker for polycystic ovary syndrome?
    • doi:10.1203/00006450-200202000-00019
    • Ibanez L, Aulesa C, Potau N, Ong K, Dunger DB & de Zegher F. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in girls with precocious pubarche: a premenarcheal marker for polycystic ovary syndrome? Pediatric Research 2002 51 244-248. (doi:10.1203/00006450-200202000-00019)
    • (2002) Pediatric Research , vol.51 , pp. 244-248
    • Ibanez, L.1    Aulesa, C.2    Potau, N.3    Ong, K.4    Dunger, D.B.5    De Zegher, F.6
  • 80
    • 0344082640 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fasting insulin sensitivity and postoral glucose hyperinsulinaemia related to cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents with precocious pubarche
    • doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2003.01919.x
    • Potau N, Williams R, Ong K, Sanchez-Ufarte C, de Zegher F, Ibanez L & Dunger D. Fasting insulin sensitivity and postoral glucose hyperinsulinaemia related to cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents with precocious pubarche. Clinical Endocrinology 2003 59 756-762. (doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2003.01919.x)
    • (2003) Clinical Endocrinology , vol.59 , pp. 756-762
    • Potau, N.1    Williams, R.2    Ong, K.3    Sanchez-Ufarte, C.4    De Zegher, F.5    Ibanez, L.6    Dunger, D.7
  • 83
    • 0033305392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The roles of insulin sensitivity, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), and IGF-binding protein-1 and -3 in the hyperandrogenism of African-American and Caribbean Hispanic girls with premature adrenarche
    • doi:10.1210/jc.84.6.2037
    • Vuguin P, Linder B, Rosenfeld RG, Saenger P & DiMartino-Nardi J. The roles of insulin sensitivity, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), and IGF-binding protein-1 and -3 in the hyperandrogenism of African-American and Caribbean Hispanic girls with premature adrenarche. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1999 84 2037-2042. (doi:10.1210/jc.84.6.2037)
    • (1999) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.84 , pp. 2037-2042
    • Vuguin, P.1    Linder, B.2    Rosenfeld, R.G.3    Saenger, P.4    DiMartino-Nardi, J.5
  • 84
    • 79951948205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid levels in polycystic ovary syndrome: Systematic review and meta-analysis
    • doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.12.027
    • Wild RA, Rizzo M, Clifton S & Carmina E. Lipid levels in polycystic ovary syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertility and Sterility 2011 95 1073-9.e1-1073-9.e11. (doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.12.027)
    • (2011) Fertility and Sterility , vol.95
    • Wild, R.A.1    Rizzo, M.2    Clifton, S.3    Carmina, E.4
  • 85
    • 0344177202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fat distribution in non-obese girls with and without precocious pubarche: Central adiposity related to insulinaemia and androgenaemia from prepuberty to postmenarche
    • doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2003.01728.x
    • Ibanez L, Ong K, de Zegher F, Marcos MV, del Rio L & Dunger DB. Fat distribution in non-obese girls with and without precocious pubarche: central adiposity related to insulinaemia and androgenaemia from prepuberty to postmenarche. Clinical Endocrinology 2003 58 372-379. (doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265. 2003.01728.x)
    • (2003) Clinical Endocrinology , vol.58 , pp. 372-379
    • Ibanez, L.1    Ong, K.2    De Zegher, F.3    Marcos, M.V.4    Del Rio, L.5    Dunger, D.B.6
  • 86
    • 14644401730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is premature adrenarche a risk factor for atherogenesis?
    • doi:10.1111/j.1442-200x.2004.02006.x
    • Güven A, Cinaz P & Bideci A. Is premature adrenarche a risk factor for atherogenesis? Pediatrics International 2005 47 20-25. (doi:10.1111/j.1442-200x.2004.02006.x)
    • (2005) Pediatrics International , vol.47 , pp. 20-25
    • Güven, A.1    Cinaz, P.2    Bideci, A.3
  • 88
    • 40149100642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipoprotein(a) levels in girls with premature adrenarche
    • doi:10.1111/j.1440-1754.2007.01210.x
    • Andiran N & Yordam N. Lipoprotein(a) levels in girls with premature adrenarche. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 2008 44 138-142. (doi:10.1111/j.1440-1754.2007.01210.x)
    • (2008) Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health , vol.44 , pp. 138-142
    • Andiran, N.1    Yordam, N.2
  • 90
    • 77956645582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postprandial plasma adiponectin response is reduced in prepubertal premature pubarche girls
    • doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2009.12.009
    • Larque E, Gil-Campos M, Villada I, Ramirez-Tortosa MC, Canete R & Gil A. Postprandial plasma adiponectin response is reduced in prepubertal premature pubarche girls. Metabolism 2010 59 1319-1326. (doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2009.12. 009)
    • (2010) Metabolism , vol.59 , pp. 1319-1326
    • Larque, E.1    Gil-Campos, M.2    Villada, I.3    Ramirez-Tortosa, M.C.4    Canete, R.5    Gil, A.6
  • 92
    • 33747356154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adipose tissue: From lipid storage compartment to endocrine organ
    • doi:10.2337/db06-0263
    • Scherer PE. Adipose tissue: from lipid storage compartment to endocrine organ. Diabetes 2006 55 1537-1545. (doi:10.2337/db06-0263)
    • (2006) Diabetes , vol.55 , pp. 1537-1545
    • Scherer, P.E.1
  • 93
    • 34248343425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, adipose tissue and insulin resistance
    • doi:10.1097/MOL.0b013e32814e6d29
    • Alessi MC, Poggi M & Juhan-Vague I. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, adipose tissue and insulin resistance. Current Opinion in Lipidology 2007 18 240-245. (doi:10.1097/MOL.0b013e32814e6d29)
    • (2007) Current Opinion in Lipidology , vol.18 , pp. 240-245
    • Alessi, M.C.1    Poggi, M.2    Juhan-Vague, I.3
  • 94
    • 79951956890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Circulating inflammatory markers in polycystic ovary syndrome: A systematic review and metaanalysis
    • Escobar-Morreale HF, Luque-Ramirez M & Gonzalez F. Circulating inflammatory markers in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Fertility and Sterility 2011 95 1048-58.e1-1048-58.e2.
    • (2011) Fertility and Sterility , vol.95
    • Escobar-Morreale, H.F.1    Luque-Ramirez, M.2    Gonzalez, F.3
  • 95
    • 43849107760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of metabolic syndrome in lean children with premature pubarche at diagnosis
    • doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2008.01.010
    • Mathew RP, Byrne DW, Linton MF, Vaughan DE, Fazio S & Russell WE. Evidence of metabolic syndrome in lean children with premature pubarche at diagnosis. Metabolism 2008 57 733-740. (doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2008.01.010)
    • (2008) Metabolism , vol.57 , pp. 733-740
    • Mathew, R.P.1    Byrne, D.W.2    Linton, M.F.3    Vaughan, D.E.4    Fazio, S.5    Russell, W.E.6
  • 96
    • 0342602068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Girls diagnosed with premature pubarche show an exaggerated ovarian androgen synthesis from the early stages of puberty: Evidence from gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist testing
    • doi:10.1016/S0015-0282(97)81396-9
    • Ibáñez L, Potau N, Zampolli M, Street ME & Carrascosa A. Girls diagnosed with premature pubarche show an exaggerated ovarian androgen synthesis from the early stages of puberty: evidence from gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist testing. Fertility and Sterility 1997 67 849-855. (doi:10.1016/S0015-0282(97)81396-9)
    • (1997) Fertility and Sterility , vol.67 , pp. 849-855
    • Ibáñez, L.1    Potau, N.2    Zampolli, M.3    Street, M.E.4    Carrascosa, A.5
  • 97
    • 0033794672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adrenal hyperandrogenism in adolescent girls with a history of low birthweight and precocious pubarche
    • doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2000.01133.x
    • Ibanez L, Potau N, Marcos MV & De Zegher F. Adrenal hyperandrogenism in adolescent girls with a history of low birthweight and precocious pubarche. Clinical Endocrinology 2000 53 523-527. (doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2000.01133.x)
    • (2000) Clinical Endocrinology , vol.53 , pp. 523-527
    • Ibanez, L.1    Potau, N.2    Marcos, M.V.3    De Zegher, F.4
  • 98
    • 0036067399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Premature pubarche in girls is associated with functional adrenal but not ovarian hyperandrogenism
    • doi:10.1067/mpd.2002.125492
    • Mathew RP, Najjar JL, Lorenz RA, Mayes DE & Russell WE. Premature pubarche in girls is associated with functional adrenal but not ovarian hyperandrogenism. Journal of Pediatrics 2002 141 91-98. (doi:10.1067/mpd.2002. 125492)
    • (2002) Journal of Pediatrics , vol.141 , pp. 91-98
    • Mathew, R.P.1    Najjar, J.L.2    Lorenz, R.A.3    Mayes, D.E.4    Russell, W.E.5
  • 100
    • 78049470184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum anti-Mullerian hormone concentrations in prepubertal girls with and without premature adrenarche: The influence of body mass index
    • doi:10.1159/000282113
    • Utriainen P, Jaaskelainen J & Voutilainen R. Serum anti-Mullerian hormone concentrations in prepubertal girls with and without premature adrenarche: the influence of body mass index. Hormone Research in Pediatrics 2010 74 207-211. (doi:10.1159/000282113)
    • (2010) Hormone Research in Pediatrics , vol.74 , pp. 207-211
    • Utriainen, P.1    Jaaskelainen, J.2    Voutilainen, R.3
  • 101
    • 0030918908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin-like growth factors augment steroid production and expression of steroidogenic enzymes in human fetal adrenal cortical cells: Implications for adrenal androgen regulation
    • doi:10.1210/jc.82.5.1390
    • Mesiano S, Katz SL, Lee JY & Jaffe RB. Insulin-like growth factors augment steroid production and expression of steroidogenic enzymes in human fetal adrenal cortical cells: implications for adrenal androgen regulation. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1997 82 1390-1396. (doi:10.1210/jc.82.5.1390)
    • (1997) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.82 , pp. 1390-1396
    • Mesiano, S.1    Katz, S.L.2    Lee, J.Y.3    Jaffe, R.B.4
  • 102
    • 0029818083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin-like growth factors enhance steroidogenic enzyme and corticotropin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid levels and corticotropin steroidogenic responsiveness in cultured human adrenocortical cells
    • doi:10.1210/jc.81.11.3892
    • l'Allemand D, Penhoat A, Lebrethon MC, Ardevol R, Baehr V, Oelkers W & Saez JM. Insulin-like growth factors enhance steroidogenic enzyme and corticotropin receptor messenger ribonucleic acid levels and corticotropin steroidogenic responsiveness in cultured human adrenocortical cells. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1996 81 3892-3897. (doi:10.1210/jc.81.11. 3892)
    • (1996) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.81 , pp. 3892-3897
    • L'Allemand, D.1    Penhoat, A.2    Lebrethon, M.C.3    Ardevol, R.4    Baehr, V.5    Oelkers, W.6    Saez, J.M.7
  • 103
    • 0036146435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated free IGF-I levels in prepubertal Hispanic girls with premature adrenarche: Relationship with hyperandrogenism and insulin sensitivity
    • doi:10.1210/jc.87.1.398
    • Silfen ME, Manibo AM, Ferin M, McMahon DJ, Levine LS & Oberfield SE. Elevated free IGF-I levels in prepubertal Hispanic girls with premature adrenarche: relationship with hyperandrogenism and insulin sensitivity. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2002 87 398-403. (doi:10.1210/jc.87.1. 398)
    • (2002) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.87 , pp. 398-403
    • Silfen, M.E.1    Manibo, A.M.2    Ferin, M.3    McMahon, D.J.4    Levine, L.S.5    Oberfield, S.E.6
  • 104
    • 67349179971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Girls with premature adrenarche have accelerated early childhood growth
    • doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.12.038
    • Utriainen P, Voutilainen R & Jaaskelainen J. Girls with premature adrenarche have accelerated early childhood growth. Journal of Pediatrics 2009 154 882-887. (doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.12.038)
    • (2009) Journal of Pediatrics , vol.154 , pp. 882-887
    • Utriainen, P.1    Voutilainen, R.2    Jaaskelainen, J.3
  • 105
    • 78650374825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 in PCOS: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • doi:10.1093/humupd/dmq027
    • Kelly CJ, Stenton SR & Lashen H. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 in PCOS: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Human Reproduction Update 2011 17 4-16. (doi:10.1093/humupd/dmq027)
    • (2011) Human Reproduction Update , vol.17 , pp. 4-16
    • Kelly, C.J.1    Stenton, S.R.2    Lashen, H.3
  • 106
    • 0024469193 scopus 로고
    • Weight in infancy and death from ischaemic heart disease
    • doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(89)90710-1
    • Barker DJ, Winter PD, Osmond C, Margetts B & Simmonds SJ. Weight in infancy and death from ischaemic heart disease. Lancet 1989 2 577-580. (doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(89)90710-1)
    • (1989) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 577-580
    • Barker, D.J.1    Winter, P.D.2    Osmond, C.3    Margetts, B.4    Simmonds, S.J.5
  • 107
    • 0024282694 scopus 로고
    • Low birth weight and hypertension
    • doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6641.134-b
    • Barker DJ & Osmond C. Low birth weight and hypertension. BMJ 1988 297 134-135. (doi:10.1136/bmj.297.6641.134-b)
    • (1988) BMJ , vol.297 , pp. 134-135
    • Barker, D.J.1    Osmond, C.2
  • 108
    • 0025863467 scopus 로고
    • Relation of birth weight and childhood respiratory infection to adult lung function and death from chronic obstructive airways disease
    • doi:10.1136/bmj.303.6804.671
    • Barker DJ, Godfrey KM, Fall C, Osmond C, Winter PD & Shaheen SO. Relation of birth weight and childhood respiratory infection to adult lung function and death from chronic obstructive airways disease. BMJ 1991 303 671-675. (doi:10.1136/bmj.303.6804.671)
    • (1991) BMJ , vol.303 , pp. 671-675
    • Barker, D.J.1    Godfrey, K.M.2    Fall, C.3    Osmond, C.4    Winter, P.D.5    Shaheen, S.O.6
  • 109
    • 0035704552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The thrifty phenotype hypothesis
    • doi:10.1093/bmb/60.1.5
    • Hales CN & Barker DJ. The thrifty phenotype hypothesis. British Medical Bulletin 2001 60 5-20. (doi:10.1093/bmb/60.1.5)
    • (2001) British Medical Bulletin , vol.60 , pp. 5-20
    • Hales, C.N.1    Barker, D.J.2
  • 110
    • 0031769471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precocious pubarche, hyperinsulinism, and ovarian hyperandrogenism in girls: Relation to reduced fetal growth
    • doi:10.1210/jc.83.10.3558
    • Ibáñez L, Potau N, Francois I & de Zegher F. Precocious pubarche, hyperinsulinism, and ovarian hyperandrogenism in girls: relation to reduced fetal growth. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1998 83 3558-3562. (doi:10.1210/jc.83.10.3558)
    • (1998) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.83 , pp. 3558-3562
    • Ibáñez, L.1    Potau, N.2    Francois, I.3    De Zegher, F.4
  • 111
    • 0345281580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precocious pubarche, dyslipidemia, and low IGF binding protein-1 in girls: Relation to reduced prenatal growth
    • doi:10.1203/00006450-199909000-00012
    • Ibanez L, Potau N & de Zegher F. Precocious pubarche, dyslipidemia, and low IGF binding protein-1 in girls: relation to reduced prenatal growth. Pediatric Research 1999 46 320-322. (doi:10.1203/00006450-199909000-00012)
    • (1999) Pediatric Research , vol.46 , pp. 320-322
    • Ibanez, L.1    Potau, N.2    De Zegher, F.3
  • 112
    • 0033304847 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exaggerated adrenarche and hyperinsulinism in adolescent girls born small for gestational age
    • doi:10.1210/jc.84.12.4739
    • Ibáñez L, Potau N, Marcos MV & de Zegher F. Exaggerated adrenarche and hyperinsulinism in adolescent girls born small for gestational age. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1999 84 4739-4741. (doi:10.1210/jc.84.12.4739)
    • (1999) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.84 , pp. 4739-4741
    • Ibáñez, L.1    Potau, N.2    Marcos, M.V.3    De Zegher, F.4
  • 113
    • 33744952660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early development of adiposity and insulin resistance after catch-up weight gain in small-for-gestational-age children
    • doi:10.1210/jc.2005-2778
    • Ibanez L, Ong K, Dunger DB & de Zegher F. Early development of adiposity and insulin resistance after catch-up weight gain in small-for-gestational-age children. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2006 91 2153-2158. (doi:10.1210/jc.2005-2778)
    • (2006) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.91 , pp. 2153-2158
    • Ibanez, L.1    Ong, K.2    Dunger, D.B.3    De Zegher, F.4
  • 115
    • 70349912072 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-birth weight children develop lower sex hormone binding globulin and higher dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels and aggravate their visceral adiposity and hypoadiponectinemia between six and eight years of age
    • doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0789
    • Ibanez L, Lopez-Bermejo A, Diaz M, Suarez L & de Zegher F. Low-birth weight children develop lower sex hormone binding globulin and higher dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels and aggravate their visceral adiposity and hypoadiponectinemia between six and eight years of age. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2009 94 3696-3699. (doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0789)
    • (2009) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.94 , pp. 3696-3699
    • Ibanez, L.1    Lopez-Bermejo, A.2    Diaz, M.3    Suarez, L.4    De Zegher, F.5
  • 117
    • 0030680199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal growth, length of gestation, and polycystic ovaries in adult life
    • doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(97)06062-5
    • Cresswell JL, Barker DJ, Osmond C, Egger P, Phillips DI & Fraser RB. Fetal growth, length of gestation, and polycystic ovaries in adult life. Lancet 1997 350 1131-1135. (doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(97)06062-5)
    • (1997) Lancet , vol.350 , pp. 1131-1135
    • Cresswell, J.L.1    Barker, D.J.2    Osmond, C.3    Egger, P.4    Phillips, D.I.5    Fraser, R.B.6
  • 120
    • 1242351792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Premature pubarche as an indicator of how body weight influences the onset of adrenarche
    • doi:10.1007/s00431-003-1358-9
    • Charkaluk ML, Trivin C & Brauner R. Premature pubarche as an indicator of how body weight influences the onset of adrenarche. European Journal of Pediatrics 2004 163 89-93. (doi:10.1007/s00431-003-1358-9)
    • (2004) European Journal of Pediatrics , vol.163 , pp. 89-93
    • Charkaluk, M.L.1    Trivin, C.2    Brauner, R.3
  • 121
    • 14844297433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Precocious pubarche is associated with SGA, prematurity, weight gain, and obesity
    • doi:10.1136/adc.2004.053959
    • Neville KA & Walker JL. Precocious pubarche is associated with SGA, prematurity, weight gain, and obesity. Archives of Disease in Childhood 2005 90 258-261. (doi:10.1136/adc.2004.053959)
    • (2005) Archives of Disease in Childhood , vol.90 , pp. 258-261
    • Neville, K.A.1    Walker, J.L.2
  • 124
    • 0015723935 scopus 로고
    • The prepubertal and pubertal growth of the adrenal (adrenarche)
    • Dhom G. The prepubertal and pubertal growth of the adrenal (adrenarche). Beiträge zur Pathologie 1973 150 357-377.
    • (1973) Beiträge Zur Pathologie , vol.150 , pp. 357-377
    • Dhom, G.1
  • 125
    • 0020793496 scopus 로고
    • Steroid biosynthesis by zona fasciculata and zona reticularis cells purified from the mammalian adrenal cortex
    • doi:10.1016/0022-4731(83)90039-0
    • Hyatt PJ, Bhatt K & Tait JF. Steroid biosynthesis by zona fasciculata and zona reticularis cells purified from the mammalian adrenal cortex. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry 1983 19 953-959. (doi:10.1016/0022-4731(83)90039-0)
    • (1983) Journal of Steroid Biochemistry , vol.19 , pp. 953-959
    • Hyatt, P.J.1    Bhatt, K.2    Tait, J.F.3
  • 126
    • 0029798470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The zona reticularis is the site of biosynthesis of dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in the adult human adrenal cortex resulting from its low expression of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
    • doi:10.1210/jc.81.10.3558
    • Endoh A, Kristiansen SB, Casson PR, Buster JE & Hornsby PJ. The zona reticularis is the site of biosynthesis of dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in the adult human adrenal cortex resulting from its low expression of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1996 81 3558-3565. (doi:10.1210/jc.81.10.3558)
    • (1996) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.81 , pp. 3558-3565
    • Endoh, A.1    Kristiansen, S.B.2    Casson, P.R.3    Buster, J.E.4    Hornsby, P.J.5
  • 127
    • 0034493776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental changes in steroidogenic enzymes in human postnatal adrenal cortex: Immunohistochemical studies
    • doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2000.01144.x
    • Suzuki T, Sasano H, Takeyama J, Kaneko C, Freije WA, Carr BR & Rainey WE. Developmental changes in steroidogenic enzymes in human postnatal adrenal cortex: immunohistochemical studies. Clinical Endocrinology 2000 53 739-747. (doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2000.01144.x)
    • (2000) Clinical Endocrinology , vol.53 , pp. 739-747
    • Suzuki, T.1    Sasano, H.2    Takeyama, J.3    Kaneko, C.4    Freije, W.A.5    Carr, B.R.6    Rainey, W.E.7
  • 128
    • 62449213811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Androgen synthesis in adrenarche
    • doi:10.1007/s11154-008-9102-4
    • Miller WL. Androgen synthesis in adrenarche. Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders 2009 10 3-17. (doi:10.1007/s11154-008-9102-4)
    • (2009) Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders , vol.10 , pp. 3-17
    • Miller, W.L.1
  • 129
    • 70449405024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of the human adrenal zona reticularis: Morphometric and immunohistochemical studies from birth to adolescence
    • doi:10.1677/JOE-09-0127
    • Hui XG, Akahira J, Suzuki T, Nio M, Nakamura Y, Suzuki H, Rainey WE & Sasano H. Development of the human adrenal zona reticularis: morphometric and immunohistochemical studies from birth to adolescence. Journal of Endocrinology 2009 203 241-252. (doi:10.1677/JOE-09-0127)
    • (2009) Journal of Endocrinology , vol.203 , pp. 241-252
    • Hui, X.G.1    Akahira, J.2    Suzuki, T.3    Nio, M.4    Nakamura, Y.5    Suzuki, H.6    Rainey, W.E.7    Sasano, H.8
  • 131
    • 0019450470 scopus 로고
    • The developmental changes in plasma adrenal androgens during infancy and adrenarche are associated with changing activities of adrenal microsomal 17-hydroxylase and 17,20-desmolase
    • doi:10.1172/JCI110132
    • Schiebinger RJ, Albertson BD, Cassorla FG, Bowyer DW, Geelhoed GW, Cutler GB Jr & Loriaux DL. The developmental changes in plasma adrenal androgens during infancy and adrenarche are associated with changing activities of adrenal microsomal 17-hydroxylase and 17,20-desmolase. Journal of Clinical Investigation 1981 67 1177-1182. (doi:10.1172/JCI110132)
    • (1981) Journal of Clinical Investigation , vol.67 , pp. 1177-1182
    • Schiebinger, R.J.1    Albertson, B.D.2    Cassorla, F.G.3    Bowyer, D.W.4    Geelhoed, G.W.5    Cutler Jr., G.B.6    Loriaux, D.L.7
  • 133
    • 0032588511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decrease in the expression of the 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene in human adrenal tissue during prepuberty and early puberty: Implications for the mechanism of adrenarche
    • doi:10.1203/00006450-199903000-00016
    • Dardis A, Saraco N, Rivarola MA & Belgorosky A. Decrease in the expression of the 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene in human adrenal tissue during prepuberty and early puberty: implications for the mechanism of adrenarche. Pediatric Research 1999 45 384-388. (doi:10.1203/00006450-199903000- 00016)
    • (1999) Pediatric Research , vol.45 , pp. 384-388
    • Dardis, A.1    Saraco, N.2    Rivarola, M.A.3    Belgorosky, A.4
  • 139
    • 33847019963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hexose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (H6PD) and corticosteroid metabolism
    • doi:10.1016/j.mce.2006.12.022
    • White PC, Rogoff D, McMillan DR & Lavery GG. Hexose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (H6PD) and corticosteroid metabolism. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 2007 265-266 89-92. (doi:10.1016/j.mce.2006.12.022)
    • (2007) Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology , vol.265-266 , pp. 89-92
    • White, P.C.1    Rogoff, D.2    McMillan, D.R.3    Lavery, G.G.4
  • 142
    • 0029797770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apparent cortisone reductase deficiency: A unique form of hypercortisolism
    • doi:10.1210/jc.81.11.3855
    • Phillipov G, Palermo M & Shackleton CH. Apparent cortisone reductase deficiency: a unique form of hypercortisolism. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1996 81 3855-3860. (doi:10.1210/jc.81.11.3855)
    • (1996) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.81 , pp. 3855-3860
    • Phillipov, G.1    Palermo, M.2    Shackleton, C.H.3
  • 143
    • 0037230541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 11beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 deficiency ('apparent cortisone reductase deficiency') in a 6-year-old boy
    • doi:10.1159/000069326
    • Malunowicz EM, Romer TE, Urban M & Bossowski A. 11beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 deficiency ('apparent cortisone reductase deficiency') in a 6-year-old boy. Hormone Research 2003 59 205-210. (doi:10.1159/000069326)
    • (2003) Hormone Research , vol.59 , pp. 205-210
    • Malunowicz, E.M.1    Romer, T.E.2    Urban, M.3    Bossowski, A.4
  • 145
    • 77955417131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) remains a pre-eminent discovery tool in clinical steroid investigations even in the era of fast liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS)
    • doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010.04.010
    • Krone N, Hughes BA, Lavery GG, Stewart PM, Arlt W & Shackleton CH. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) remains a pre-eminent discovery tool in clinical steroid investigations even in the era of fast liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Journal of Steroid Biochemistsry and Molecular Biology 2010 121 496-504. (doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2010. 04.010)
    • (2010) Journal of Steroid Biochemistsry and Molecular Biology , vol.121 , pp. 496-504
    • Krone, N.1    Hughes, B.A.2    Lavery, G.G.3    Stewart, P.M.4    Arlt, W.5    Shackleton, C.H.6
  • 148
    • 0037101780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization and expression of human bifunctional 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulphate synthase isoforms
    • doi:10.1042/BJ20020044
    • Fuda H, Shimizu C, Lee YC, Akita H & Strott CA. Characterization and expression of human bifunctional 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′- phosphosulphate synthase isoforms. Biochemical Journal 2002 365 497-504. (doi:10.1042/BJ20020044)
    • (2002) Biochemical Journal , vol.365 , pp. 497-504
    • Fuda, H.1    Shimizu, C.2    Lee, Y.C.3    Akita, H.4    Strott, C.A.5
  • 150
    • 0036796816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sulfonation and molecular action
    • doi:10.1210/er.2001-0040
    • Strott CA. Sulfonation and molecular action. Endocrine Reviews 2002 23 703-732. (doi:10.1210/er.2001-0040)
    • (2002) Endocrine Reviews , vol.23 , pp. 703-732
    • Strott, C.A.1
  • 152
    • 0005169629 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mutations in the type II 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B2) gene can cause premature pubarche in girls
    • doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2000.00873.x
    • Marui S, Castro M, Latronico AC, Elias LL, Arnhold IJ, Moreira AC & Mendonca BB. Mutations in the type II 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B2) gene can cause premature pubarche in girls. Clinical Endocrinology 2000 52 67-75. (doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2000.00873.x)
    • (2000) Clinical Endocrinology , vol.52 , pp. 67-75
    • Marui, S.1    Castro, M.2    Latronico, A.C.3    Elias, L.L.4    Arnhold, I.J.5    Moreira, A.C.6    Mendonca, B.B.7
  • 153
    • 15944371891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refining hormonal diagnosis of type II 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency in patients with premature pubarche and hirsutism based on HSD3B2 genotyping
    • doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1552
    • Mermejo LM, Elias LL, Marui S, Moreira AC, Mendonca BB & de Castro M. Refining hormonal diagnosis of type II 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency in patients with premature pubarche and hirsutism based on HSD3B2 genotyping. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2005 90 1287-1293. (doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1552)
    • (2005) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.90 , pp. 1287-1293
    • Mermejo, L.M.1    Elias, L.L.2    Marui, S.3    Moreira, A.C.4    Mendonca, B.B.5    De Castro, M.6
  • 155
    • 77952755679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel point mutation in helix 10 of the human glucocorticoid receptor causes generalized glucocorticoid resistance by disrupting the structure of the ligand-binding domain
    • doi:10.1210/jc.2009-2463
    • Nader N, Bachrach BE, Hurt DE, Gajula S, Pittman A, Lescher R & Kino T. A novel point mutation in helix 10 of the human glucocorticoid receptor causes generalized glucocorticoid resistance by disrupting the structure of the ligand-binding domain. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2010 95 2281-2285. (doi:10.1210/jc.2009-2463)
    • (2010) Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism , vol.95 , pp. 2281-2285
    • Nader, N.1    Bachrach, B.E.2    Hurt, D.E.3    Gajula, S.4    Pittman, A.5    Lescher, R.6    Kino, T.7


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.