Mechanisms of immunological tolerance to the antigens of the central nervous system. skin-induced tolerance as a new therapeutic concept

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

Volumn 62, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 159-165

  Szczepanik, M ^a  

^a JAGIELLONIAN UNIVERSITY MEDICAL COLLEGE   (Poland)

Author keywords

Multiple sclerosis; Self tolerance; Skin induced tolerance; T regulatory (treg) cells

Indexed keywords

ANTIMITOTIC AGENT; AUTOIMMUNE REGULATOR PROTEIN; BETA INTERFERON; GLATIRAMER; HAPTEN ANTIBODY; INTERLEUKIN 10; INTERLEUKIN 4; MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGEN; MYELIN BASIC PROTEIN; PLACEBO; STEROID; T LYMPHOCYTE RECEPTOR;

ADOPTIVE TRANSFER; ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS; ANTIGEN EXPRESSION; ANTIGEN PRESENTATION; ANTIGEN SPECIFICITY; AUTOIMMUNITY; CELL THERAPY; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM FUNCTION; CLONAL ANERGY; CONTACT SENSITIZATION; DENDRITIC CELL; GENE DELETION; HUMAN; IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE; IMMUNOMODULATION; IMMUNOREGULATION; IMMUNOSTIMULATION; IMMUNOTHERAPY; INNATE IMMUNITY; MUCOSAL IMMUNITY; MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS; NONHUMAN; ORAL IMMUNOTHERAPY; PROTEIN INDUCTION; REGULATORY T LYMPHOCYTE; REVIEW; SKIN IMMUNOTHERAPY; SUPPRESSOR CELL; T CELL DEPLETION; T LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT;

ADMINISTRATION, CUTANEOUS; ANIMALS; AUTOANTIGENS; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; ENCEPHALOMYELITIS, AUTOIMMUNE, EXPERIMENTAL; HUMANS; IMMUNE TOLERANCE; IMMUNIZATION; SKIN;

EID: 79959339131     PISSN: 08675910     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (67)

1. Boehmer H, Melchers F. Checkpoints in lymphocyte development and autoimmune disease. Nat Immunol 2010; 11: 14-20.
2. Ziegler A, Muller CA, Bockmann RA, Uchanska Ziegler B. Low-affinity peptides and T-cell selection. Trends Immunol 2009; 30: 53-60.
3. Hollander GA, Peterson P. Learning to be tolerant: how T cells keep out of trouble. J Intern Med 2009; 265: 541-561.
4. Derbinski J, Schulte A, Kyewski B, Klein L. Promiscuous gene expression in medulary thymic epithelil cells mirrors the peripheral self. Nat Immunol 2001; 2: 1032-1039.
5. Liston A, Lesage S, Wilson J, Peltonen L, Goodnow CC. Aire regulates negative selection of organ-specific T cells. Nat Immunol 2003; 4: 350-354.
6. Cassan C, Liblau RS. Immune tolerance and control of CNS autoimmunity: from animal models to MS patients. J Neurochem 2007; 100: 883-892.
7. Feng JM, Givogri IM, Bongarzone ER, et al. Thymocytes express the golli products of the myelin basic protein gene and levels of expression are stage dependent. J Immunol 2000; 165: 5443-5450.
8. Gotter J, Brors B, Hergenhahn M, Kyewski B. Medullary epithelial cells of the human thymus express a highly diverse selection of tissue-specific genes colocalized in chromosomal clusters. J Exp Med 2004; 199: 155-166.
9. Kuchroo VK, Anderson AC, Waldner H, Munder M, Bettelli E, Nicholson LB. T cell response in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE): role of self and cross-reactive antigens in shaping, tuning and regulating the autopathogenic T cell repertoire. Annu Rev Immunol 2002; 20: 101-123.
10. Sospedra M, Martin R. Immunology of multiple sclerosis. Annu Rev Immunol 2005; 23: 683-747.
11. Gershon RK, Kondo K. Infectious immunological tolerance. Immunology 1971; 21: 903-914.
12. Sakaguchi S, Sakaguchi N, Asano M, Itoh M, Toda M. Immunologic self-tolerance maintained by activated T cells expressing IL-2 receptor alpha-chains (CD25). Breakdown of a single mechanism of self-tolerance causes various autoimmune diseases. J Immunol 1995; 155: 1151-1164.
13. Fontenot JD, Gavin MA, Rudensky AY. Foxp3 programs the development and function of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells. Nat Immunol 2003; 4: 330-336.
14. Bettini M, Vignali DA. Regulatory T cells and inhibitory cytokines in autoimmunity. Curr Opin Immunol 2009; 21: 612-618.
15. Wing K, Sakaguchi S. Regulatory T cells exert checks and balances on self tolerance and autoimmunity. Nat Immunol 2010; 11: 7-13.
16. Shevach EM. Mechanisms of foxp3+ T regulatory cellmediated suppression. Immunity 2009; 30: 636-645.
17. Sakaguchi S, Wing K, Yamaguchi T. Dynamics of peripheral tolerance and immune regulation mediated by Treg. Eur J Immunol 2009; 39: 2331-2336.
18. Corthay A. How do regulatory T cells work. Scand J Immunol 2009; 70: 326-336.
19. Koch MA, Tucker-Heard G, Perdue NR, et al. The transcription factor T-bet controls regulatory T cell homeostasis and function during type 1 inflammation. Nat Immunol 2009; 10: 595-602.
20. Zheng Y, Chaudhry A, Kas A, et al. Regulatory T-cell suppressor program co-opts transcription factor IRF4 to control T(H)2 responses. Science 2009; 458: 351-356.
21. Zhou L, Lopes JE, Chong MM, et al. TGF-beta-induced Foxp3 inhibits T(H)17 cell differentiation by antagonizing RORgammat function. Nature 2008; 453: 236-240.
22. McGeachy MJ, Stephens LA, Anderton SM. Natural recovery and protection from autoimmune encephalomyelitis: contribution of CD4+CD25+ regulatory cells within the central nervous system. J Immunol 2005; 175: 3025-3032.
23. Forrester JV, Xu H, Lambe T, Cornall R. Immune privilege or privileged immunity? Mucosal Immunol 2008; 1: 372-381.
24. Kaplan HJ, Niederkorn JY. Regional immunity and immune privilege. Chem Immunol Allergy 2007; 92: 11-26.
25. Choi C, Benveniste EN. Fas ligand/Fas system in the brain: regulator of immune and apoptotic responses. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 2004; 44: 65-81.
26. Walsh K, Sata M: Is extravasation a Fas-regulated process? Mol Med Today 1999; 5: 61-67.
27. Mannie MD, Prevost KD, Marinakis CA. Prostaglandin E2 promotes the induction of anergy during T helper cell recognition of myelin basic protein. Cell Immunol 1995; 160: 132-138.
28. Khoury SJ, Hancock WW, Weiner HL. Oral tolerance to myelin basic protein and natural recovery from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis are associated with downregulation of inflammatory cytokines and differential upregulation of transforming growth factor beta, interleukin 4, and prostaglandin E expression in the brain. J Exp Med 1992; 176: 1355-1364.
29. Zhu C, Anderson AC, Schubart A, et al. The Tim-3 ligand galectin-9 negatively regulates T helper type 1 immunity. Nat Immunol 2005; 6: 1245-1252.
30. Zhu C, Anderson AC, Schubart A, et al. The Tim-3 ligand galectin-9. Nat Immunol 2007; 8: 181-190.
31. Cose S, Brammer C, Khanna KM, Masopust D, Lefrançois L. Evidence that a significant number of naive T cells enter non-lymphoid organs as part of a normal migratory pathway. Eur J Immunol 2006; 36: 1423-1433.
32. Wenkel H, Streilein JW, Young MJ. Systemic immune deviation in the brain that does not depend on the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. J Immunol 2000; 164: 5125-5131.
33. Marrack P, Kappler J. Control of T cell viability. Annu Rev Immunol 2004; 22: 765-787.
34. Muller DL. Mechanisms maintaining peripheral tolerance. Nat Immunol 2010; 11: 21-27.
35. Lee JW, Epardaud M, Sun J, et al. Peripheral antigen display by lymph node stroma promotes T cell tolerance to intestinal self. Nat Immunol 2007; 8: 181-190.
36. Gardner JM, Devoss JJ, Friedman RS, et al. Deletional tolerance mediated by extrathymic Aire-expressing cells. Science 2008; 321: 843-847.
37. Gardner JM, Fletcher AL, Anderson MS, et al. AIRE in the thymus and beyond. Curr Opin Immunol 2009; 21: 582-589.
38. Fletcher JM, Lalor SJ, Sweeney CM, Tubridy N, Mills KH. T cells in multiple sclerosis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 162: 1-11.
39. Compston A, Coles A. Multiple sclerosis. Lancet 2008; 372: 1502-1517.
40. Conway D, Cohen JA. Combination therapy in multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol 2010; 9: 299-308.
41. Turley DM, Miller SD. Prospects for antigen-specific tolerance based therapies for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Results Probl Cell Differ 2010; 51: 217-235.
42. Inobe J, Slavin AJ, Komagata Y, Chen Y, Liu L, Weiner HL. IL-4 is a differentiation factor for TGF-b secreting Th3 cells and oral administration of J IL-4 enhances oral tolerance in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Eur Immunol 1998; 28: 2780-2790.
43. Higgins PJ, Weiner HL. Suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by oral administration of myelin basic protein and its fragments. J Immunol 1998; 140: 440-445.
44. Chen YJ, Inobe I, Kuchroo VK, Baron JL, Janeway CA, Weiner HL. Oral tolerance in myelin basic protein T-cell receptor transgenic mice: suppression of autoimmune encephalomyelitis and dose-dependent induction of regulatory cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93: 388-399.
45. Fukaura H, Kent SC, Pietrusewicz MJ, Khoury SJ, Weiner HL, Hafler DA. Induction of circulating myelin basic protein and proteolipid protein-specific TGF-b-secreting Th3 T cells by oral administration of myelin in multiple sclerosis patients. J Clin Invest 1996; 98: 70-77.
46. Xiao BG, Link H. Mucosal tolerance: A two-edged sword to prevent and treat autoimmune diseases. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1997; 85: 119-128.
47. Wiendl H, Hohlfeld R. Therapeutic approaches in multiple sclerosis. Lessons from failed and interrupted treatment trials. BioDrugs 2002; 16: 183-200.
48. Hanninen A. Prevention of type 1 diabetes via mucosal tolerance: is mucosal autoantigen administration as safe as effective as it should be? Scand J Immunol 2000; 52: 217-225.
49. Weiner HL, Friedman A, Miller A, et al. Oral tolerance: immunologic mechanisms and treatment of animal and human organ-specific autoimmune diseases by oral administration of autoantigens. Annu Rev Immunol 1994; 12: 809-837.
50. Werts C, Tapping RI, Mathison JC. Leptospiral lipopolysaccharide activates cells through a TLR2-dependent mechanism. Nat Immunol 2001; 2: 346-352.
51. Ushio H, Tsuji RF, Szczepanik M, Kawamoto K, Matsuda H, Askenase PW. IL-12 reverses established antigen-specific tolerance of contact sensitivity by affecting costimulatory molecules B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86). J Immunol 1998; 160: 2080-2088.
52. Tsuji RF, Szczepanik M, Kawikova I, et al. B cell-dependent T cell responses: IgM antibodies are required to elicit contact sensitivity. J Exp Med 2002; 196: 1277-1290.
53. Szczepanik M, Anderson LR, Ushio H, et al. Gamma/deltaT cells from tolerized alpha/betaT cell receptor (TCR)-deficient mice inhibit contact sensitivity-effector T cells in vivo, and their interferon-gamma production in vitro. J Exp Med 1996; 184: 2129-2139.
54. Shreedhar VK, Pride MW, Sun Y, Kripke ML, Stricland FM. Origin and characteristics of ultraviolet-B radiation-induced suppressor T lymphocytes. J Immunol 1998; 161: 1327-1335.
55. Wang LF, Lin JY, Hsieh KH, Lin RH. Epicutaneous exposure of protein antigen induces a predominant Th2-like response with high IgE production in mice. J Immunol 1996; 156: 4079-4082.
56. Wang LF, Wu JT, Sun CC. Local but not systemic administration of IFN-gamma during the sensitization phase of protein antigen immunization suppress Th2 development in a murine model of atopic dermatitis. Cytokine 2002; 19: 147-152.
57. Herrick CA, MacLeod H, Glusac E, Tigelaar RE, Bottomly K. Th2 responses induced by epicutaneous or inhalational protein exposure are differentially dependent on IL-4. J Clin Invest 2000; 105: 765-775.
58. Ptak W, Szczepanik M, Bryniarski K, Tutaj M, Ptak M. Epicutaneous application of protein antigens incorporated into cosmetic cream induces antigen-nonspecific unresponsiveness in mice and affects the cell-mediated immune response. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2002; 128: 8-14.
59. Szczepanik M, Bryniarski K, Tutaj M, et al. Epicutaneous immunization induces alphabeta T-cell receptor CD4 CD8 double-positive non-specific suppressor T cells that inhibit contact sensitivity via transforming growth factor-beta. Immunology 2005; 115: 42-54.
60. Pekarova M, Kralova J, Kubala L, et al. Carvedilol and adrenergic agonists suppress the lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages via the adrenergic receptors. J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 60: 143-150.
61. Stachowska E, Dolegowska B, Dziedziejko V, et al. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) synthesis is regulated by conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) in human macrophages. J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 60: 77-85.
62. Szczepanik M. Regulation of contact hypersensitivity responses by different populations of T suppressor cells. Skin induced tolerance and its clinical implications. In: Recent Research Developments in Immunology, SG Pandalai (ed). Trivandrum, India, Research Signpost, 2002, pp. 641-667.
63. Majewska M, Zajac K, Kubera M, et al. Effects of ovalbumin on survival of H-Y incompatible skin graft in C57Bl/6 mice. Pharmacol Rep 2006; 58: 439-442.
64. Szczepanik M, Tutaj M, Bryniarski K, et al. Epicutaneously induced TGF-beta-dependent tolerance inhibits experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroimmunol 2005; 164: 105-114.
65. Majewska M, Zajac K, Srebro Z, et al. Epicutaneous immunization with myelin basic protein protects from the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Pharmacol Rep 2007; 59: 74-79.
66. Tutaj M, Szczepanik M. Epicutaneous (EC) immunization with myelin basic protein (MBP) induces TCRalpha/beta+ CD4+ CD8+ double positive suppressor cells that protect from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). J Autoimmun 2007; 28: 208-215.
67. Jurynczyk M, Walczak A, Jurewicz A, Jesionek-Kupnicka D, Szczepanik M, Selma K. Epicutaneous immunization with myelin peptides inhibits autoreactive responses in multiple sclerosis patients. Ann Neurol 2010; 68: 593-601.